WHEAT

• Muhammad Yaseen Kanju

WHEAT

Triticum aestivum L.

FAMILY: POACEAE

PUNJABI: KANAK

PASHTO: GHANUM

URDU: GANDUM

WHEAT

ANNUAL

LONG DAY

DETERMINATE

SELF POLLINATION

SEED –GRAIN-

POLLINATION-SPIKE-

HISTORY

HAZRAT ADAM (A.S) -HEAVENS-

FERTILE CRESCENT

NILE DELTA

FIRST DOMESTICATION IN SOUTHEASTERN

TURKEY (9,000 B.C)

PRE-DOMESTICATED WHEAT (23,000 B.C)

TOP COUNTRIES

COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)

China 115181303

India 80800000

USA 60062400

Russia 41507600

France 40787000

PRODUCTION

PAKISTAN 2010

Area 9,131,600 ha

Production 23,310,800 tones

yield 2.55 t ha-1

7th in world production

MORPHOLOGY

HYPOGEAL MODE OF GERMINATION

FIBROUS/ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SYSTEM

60 CM NORMAL (UP TO 200 CM) ROOT

DEPTH

SHOOT DEVELOPMENT

SHOOT DEVELOPS FROM PLUMULE

MANY TILLERS FROM ONE SEED

PITHY NODES

HOLLOW INTERNODES

SPIKE

SPIKELETS

THREE FLORETS (GLUMES)

TWO PARTS (LEMMA & PALEA)

LEMMA -outer covering containing awn-

PALEA-beneath lemma and covers grain-

CLIMATE

WINTER/RABI

LOW TEMPERATURE (4-10 °C)

TILLERING IN 1.5 MONTH (DEC.- JAN.)

SNOWY AREAS AFTER MELTING OF SNOW

(APRIL-MAY) OR BEFORE SNOW FALL

(OCT. NOV.)

SOIL

LOAMY

WELL DRAINED CALYEY SOILS

PRIMARY TILLAGE

4-6 PLOUGHING

2-3 PLANKINGS

NATURE OF PREVIOUS CROP

SOIL TYPE

SOIL CONDITION

SEASON

SEED BED PREPARTION

2 PLOUGHINGS

2 PLANKINGS

SOWING TIME

RAINFEDEARLY SOWING 15 OCT. 31 OCT. MID SOWING NOV. – DEC.LATE SOWING TILL 15 JAN.

IRRIGATEDNOVEMBER (OPTIMUM)DECEMBER

DAB METHOD

WEED CONTROL

OPTIMUM MOISTURE AFTER PRESOAKING

IRRIGATION

PLOUGHING & PLANKING

WEEDS BURRIED IN SOIL

SOIL FERTILITY

SEED RATE

100-120 KG HA-1

METHOD

PURITY

GERMINATION PERCENTAGE

VAREITY

SOWING METHOD

BROAD CAST

KERA

PORA

AUTOMATIC RABI DRILL

RAINFED85 58 58 (NPK) KG HA-1

IRRIGATED115 65 65 (NPK) KG HA-1

HALF N & WHOLE P & KA AT SOWINGREMAINING HALF N WITH 1ST IRRIGATIONIN SANDY SOILS N IN 3 SPLITS (SOWING, 1ST

& 2ND IRRIGATION)

FERTILIZER

IRRIGATION

4-6 IRRIGATIONS

19 ACRE INCHES

TILLERING

BOOTING

EARING

MILKY

GRAIN FORMATION STAGE

PLANT PROTECTION MEASURE

WEEDS

INSECT PESTS

DISEASES

VARIETIES (PUNJAB)

IRRIGATEDMILLAT 2011

PUNJAB 2011

AAS

AARI 2011

FAISALABAD 2008

LASANI 2008

RAINFEDNARC 2011

NARC 2009

BARS 2009

CHAKWAL 50

VARIETIES (SINDH)

IRRIGATEDSARSABAZ

NIA SUNAHRI

NIA AMBER

NIA SUNDAR

IMDAD 2005

MAHRAN 89

VARIETIES (KPK)

PIR SABAQ 2008

SAHAR 2006

FAKHAR-E-KHABER PAKHTUN KHWA

ATA HABIB

AMIN 2010

BARSAT

KOHAT 2010

VARIETIES (BALUCHISTAN)

ZARGOON

ZARDANA

INQALAB 91

ZARLASHTA

RASKOH 2005

LASANI 2008

SAHAR 2006