6 th Annual Conference on Technology & Standards Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved....
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Transcript of 6 th Annual Conference on Technology & Standards Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved....
6th Annual Conference on Technology &
Standards
Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved.
Michael D. SessaExecutive Director,
PESC
NIST, ANSI and Value of Standards
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
OMB Circular A – 119
Section 143 of the HEA
PESC, FSA & Related Activities
AgendaAgenda
NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology
From www.NIST.gov:Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and Technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
NIST, ANSI & History of ProcessingNIST, ANSI & History of Processing
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
From www.ANSI.org:Founded in 1918 by five engineering societies and three government agencies, the Institute remains a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse constituency of private and public sector organizations.
Throughout its history, ANSI has maintained as its primary goal the enhancement of global competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and promoting their integrity. The Institute represents the interests of its nearly 1,000 company, organization, government agency, institutional and international members through its office in New York City, and its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
.
NIST, ANSI & History of ProcessingNIST, ANSI & History of Processing
M A R Y S TIM H
M A R Y S M I HT
M A R Y S M I HT
M A YR S TIM H
M A R YS M I HT
s m i t h m a r y
0 0 S M I 0HT 0 0 RAM Y
WILL THE REAL MARY SMITH PLEASE STAND UP? Data standardization involves more than the spacing of data elements (but you get the big picture, right?)
Data Structure & ProcessingData Structure & Processing
Without data standardization, expect: increased cost of systems staff due to serial, redundant and customized programming for the same data elements
slower response to customer needs
increased data mapping which jeopardizes data quality and integrity
more difficult access to data
repetitive programming if rules, regulations, or business needs change
Data Structure & ProcessingData Structure & Processing
Higher education is far behind other industries in implementation and use of technical standards. Think of the value of:
the ATM network
credit card networks (VISA, Mastercard, AmEx, etc.)
direct deposit
EZ Pass state toll booths
** While higher education builds its technical standards and while PK12 builds its technical standards, both are trying to simultaneously bridge the gap between the two.
Data Structure & ProcessingData Structure & Processing
Federal Participation Requirements:
National Technology Transfer & Advancement Act of 1995
“...all Federal agencies and departments shall use technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, using such technical standards as a means to carry out policy objectives or activities determined by the agencies and departments.”
“...Federal agencies and departments shall consult with voluntary, private sector, consensus standards bodies and shall...participate with such bodies in the development of technical standards.”
Section 12 (d) (1-2)
Value of StandardsValue of Standards
Federal Participation Requirements:
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-119 – Revised February 10, 1998
What are the goals of the government in using voluntary consensus standards?
Eliminate the cost to the Government of developing its own standards and decrease the costs of goods procured and the burden of complying with agency regulation. Provide incentives and opportunities to establish standards that serve national needs. Encourage long-term growth for U.S. enterprises and promote efficiency and economic competition through harmonization of standards. Further the policy of reliance upon the private sector to supply Government needs for goods and services.
Value of StandardsValue of Standards
Federal Participation Requirements:
Section 143 of the Higher Education Act of 1965
“In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student aid delivery system, the Secretary and the COO shall encourage and participate in the establishment of voluntary consensus standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of information necessary for the administration of programs under title IV.”
The COO shall participate in the activities of standards setting organizations... The COO shall encourage higher education groups seeking to develop common forms, standards, and procedures...to conduct these activities within a standard setting organization. The COO may pay necessary dues and fees associated with participation...
Value of StandardsValue of Standards
Value of StandardsValue of StandardsDelphi Study: June 2003Standards = Liquidity
Benefits of approved standards for developers and consumers:
increases the value of existing and future investments in IT allows the portability of data decreases the long-term cost of ownership for applicable software vendor alternatives expands choices for software vendor alternatives
Value of StandardsValue of StandardsDelphi Study: June 2003
Factors driving participation in a standards body:
vendor neutral access to a developer community and best practices membership comprised of both end users and commercial software vendors international presence and focus industry-wide or horizontal orientation open or “democratic” committee process opportunity to direct standard specification from moment of conception
How standards are set:
Government regulation or legislation Informally when a single product gains wide market use Formally through cooperation, study, and approval by a designated group
Value of StandardsValue of Standards
MissionEstablished in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C., the
Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC) is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) community-based, umbrella association of colleges and universities; professional and commercial organizations; data, software and service providers; non-profit organizations and associations; and state and federal government agencies.
Through open and transparent community development, PESC leads the alignment of data across disparate stakeholder systems to ensure simplified and cost-effective student progression along the higher education lifecycle.
PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance
PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & GovernancePESC Goals & Strategies
1. Lead the establishment & facilitate the adoption & implementation of data exchange standards
2. Highlight & support best practices for data access & data exchange
3. Maintain collaborative relationships with all public, private, governmental & international stakeholders
4. Serve as a standards-setting body
5. Advocate for operational efficiencies & improved performance in student data exchange from initial access of the student from high school into the college environment through successful completion of the education experience
6. Promote cost effectiveness of data alignment across disparate systems & across sectors that help mitigate costs for institutions struggling to keep up with the demands of technology & real-time data exchange while
maintaining competitive tuition rates
7. Continue building a core competency in XML architecture & data modeling
Organizational Overview 85 Members and Affiliates and 7 major partners Significant national/international adoption and
implementation of PESC standards Seal of Approval Program – Optional service to ensure uniformity of
implementation Formal policies/procedures for
development/architecture – Guides development XML Registry & Repository for the Education Community
– Administered by the US Department of Education & governed by PESC – accessibility of standards is open & free
6 Standards Approved – High School Transcript, College Transcript, Common Origination & Disbursement (COD), Common Record: CommonLine (CRC), Data Transport Standard (DTS), Online Loan Counseling
7 Standards in Development – Academic Progress, Admission Application, Course Inventory, Education Test Score Report, IPEDS, PDF Transcript
1 User Group – Education Record User Group for all transcript processing 1 Task Force – E-Authentication/E-Authorization Task Force – EA2
PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance
Hierarchy
Technical Advisory Board
Change Control Board
Education Test Score Report
PDF Transcript Student AidInquiry
Course Inventory
Workgroups
Board of Directors
IPEDS
Academic Progress
Online Loan Counseling
Admission Application
EA2 Taskforce Seal of Approval
Staff
Education Record User Group
Steering Committee
PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance
AcademyOne, Inc.AccentureACT, Inc.*AACRAO – American Association of Collegiate Registrars & Admissions Officers*ACE – American Council on EducationAAMC – Association of American Medical CollegesAvow SystemsCalifornia Community College SystemCalifornia School Information ServicesCentral Connecticut State UniversityClayton State UniversityCollege Board*College Source, Inc.Community College of the Air ForceConnectEdu, Inc.CBA – Consumer Bankers Association Dartmouth College – Institute for Security Technology StudiesDatatel, Inc.Decision AcademicDocufideecho360EFC – Education Finance Council*Educause*ELM ResourcesFlorida International UniversityFlorida State University Georgetown University/Sun Center for Excellence in Scholarly Information ArchitectureGeorge Washington UniversityGeorgia Board of Regents
SmartCatalogStanford UniversitySunGard Higher Education*Texas A & M UniversityTGUniversity of Alaska SystemUniversity of California at BerkeleyUniversity of DenverUniversity of IdahoUniversity of Illinois – ChicagoUniversity of Illinois – Student Financial ServicesUniversity of Illinois – Urbana ChampaignUniversity of LethbridgeUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MississippiUniversity of North CarolinaUniversity of Northern IowaUniversity of OklahomaUniversity of OregonUniversity of PhoenixUniversity of South FloridaUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of VirginiaUSA Funds*US Department of Education*US GSA – General Services AdministrationWashington State UniversityXap Corporation
*Founder
IDAPP – Illinois Designated Account Purchase ProgramIMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.Indiana State UniversityIowa State UniversityJenzabarKey BankLSAC – Law School Admission Council*Mapping Your FutureNASFAA – National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators*NASLA – National Association of Student Loan AdministratorsNCHELP – National Council of Higher Education Loan Programs*National Student ClearinghouseNational Transcript CenterNELA – Northwest Education Loan AssociationNelnetNeumann CollegeNorthern Illinois UniversityOhio Board of RegentsOCAS – Ontario College Application ServicesOracle CorporationOregon State UniversityPennsylvania College of TechnologyPrairie View A & M UniversityPurdue UniversityredLanternRegent EducationSan Francisco State UniversitySIFA – Schools Interoperability Framework Association
PESC MembershipPESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance
Founded August 4, 2000 by the PESC Board in response to a white paper produced by a PESC workgroup that analyzed the emergence of XML and recommended PESC involvement
Serves as the standards development body of PESC
“Candidates” for standards are proposed, developed, and processed by the Standards Forum
Governed by a Steering Committee Follows established policies and procedures
for development and approval Includes multiple Boards and Workgroups
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education eX tensible Markup Language: designed to
improve the functionality of the web by providing flexibility and adaptability:– customized and dynamic– ideal for real-time transactions and
messaging– <title>Electronic Initiatives</title>
Flat files:– fixed lengths, always with extra or
redundant data– mostly used for batch processing– 02072003SESSAMICHAEL090120020501200300212805302003
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education
XML Identifying, defining, formatting, and
transmitting data from point A to point B
XML 1.0 approved by W3C 2/98 Emerged as the technology for real-
time, web-based transactions Lacked “common” or industry
standards
Standards Development
Define and standardize “simple” data elements (also called “core components”) and “complex” core components (several simple core components grouped together)
Group core components together into business transactions Develop implementation guides for reference and support Issue candidates for public comment and approval/voting
process Populate “Core Main” data dictionary with all simple and
complex core components Store all core components in the XML Registry & Repository
for the Education Community
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education
Policies and Procedures Released March 2005 Focus is on collaboration, submission,
approval, & maintenance Includes:
Process PESC Guidelines for XML Architecture and Data
Modeling Users Guide for XML Registry and Repository for
the Education Community Adopted by FSA
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education
XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community
Developed, owned, and administered by FSA
Governed by PESC Stores PESC approved standards Sorted alphabetically by core component,
by classification/taxonomy, by sector and by message specification
Free and open to the public w/o barriers or user name and password
Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education
Data Exchanges in Student AidData Exchanges in Student AidFAFSA - ISIR
Certification
MPN
Disbursement
Guarantee
Changes
Graduation
Repayment
Payoff
Deferment
Consolidation
Forbearance
Sales
Delinquency
Cure - Claim
NSLDS
Subrogation
IPEDS
Life of the Loan
CommonLine 4
CommonLine 5
PELL
Common Record
COD - Direct Lending
Campus-Based
2001 20032002
?
?
Servicing/CAM
FAFSA/ISIR
Req
uire
d
20052004
Phases out pre CL 4
Phased out
Phased out
Phased out
Opt
iona
l
2006
Ea
rly A
dopt
ers
2007 2008 2009
IPEDS
Opt
iona
l
Student Aid Standards HistoryStudent Aid Standards History
EDI
EDI
XML
EDI
XML
2001 20032002 20052004 2006 2007 2008 2009
High School – XML
Initiatives – Registrar/AdmissionsInitiatives – Registrar/Admissions
College – XML
Transcripts
Admission Application
Test Score
1990 - 2000
EDI
XML
Course Inventory
58% increase in 2008 over 2005via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
StatisticsStatisticsPostsecondary Transcripts 2005-2008
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
Month
Num
ber
2008 85,059 53,399 51,966 58,264 95,248 102,280 61,063 73,442 51,382 79,767 74,453 71,851
2007 76,411 44,635 42,658 46,216 89,632 73,151 47,741 45,433 45,433 64,465 55,599 61,836
2006 81,373 35,725 36,902 44,516 84,665 66,754 51,889 73,880 43,333 44,505 45,654 50,961
2005 61,974 32,634 32,866 39,792 71,493 58,547 39,750 61,164 35,169 36,207 42,242 43,814
January February March April May June July August September October November December
133% increase in 2008 over 2005via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
StatisticsStatisticsAdmission Applications 2005-2008
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Month
Num
ber
2008 116,801 70,353 62,292 73,201 55,423 42,624 43,782 39,159 45,109 97,453 133,259 128,654
2007 102,281 54,626 52,658 58,403 52,311 34,921 37,115 33,068 33,068 82,846 102,073 110,170
2006 82,805 43,973 40,118 31,338 26,913 19,219 16,171 13,716 24,935 54,329 88,920 67,584
2005 60,316 34,888 31,608 27,317 21,090 16,099 11,925 10,419 20,275 38,198 66,391 50,769
January February March April May June July August September October November December
76% increase in 2008 over 2005via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
StatisticsStatisticsAll Transactions 2005-2008
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Month
Num
ber
2008 356,603 238,888 216,470 217,471 289,270 302,390 190,082 210,749 189,737 349,580 431,847 381,681
2007 312,924 185,665 178,566 172,165 260,342 206,611 153,245 156,529 156,529 299,130 294,439 314,558
2006 289,393 152,222 140,278 153,737 215,882 198,994 145,142 186,907 144,450 189,875 259,599 226,557
2005 216,019 130,350 140,158 141,311 186,043 162,809 107,549 149,737 108,157 166,923 202,113 203,514
January February March April May June July August September October November December
80.5% in 2005 to 96% in 2008via Electronic FAFSA processing Statistics (www.IFAP.ed.gov)
StatisticsStatistics
Electronic vs. Paper Processing
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008
Electronic
Paper
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008
All FAFSA’s (electronic and paper)
Activating Interoperability in Higher Education
Contact Information
Michael Sessa, Executive [email protected] 202-261-6516
Jennifer Kim, Membership Services [email protected] 202-261-6514
1250 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036
www.PESC.org