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IP ADDRESS

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IP Address

• What is an IP address ?

Internet protocol address

unique identifying number given to every single computer on the Internet.

IP address is a special serial number used for identification.

allows the machine to be located by other machines on the network

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IP Address

• IP addresses can be either static or dynamic

Static IP – Fixed and never changes

Dynamic IP – temporary and could change at any time

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IP structure IP addresses consist of four sections

Each section is 8 bits long

Each section can range from 0 to 255

Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

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IP structureThese four sections represent the machine

itself and the network it is on

The network portion is assigned.

The host section is determined by the network administrator

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IP structure5 Classes of IP address A B C D and E

Class A reserved for governments

Class B reserved for medium companies

Class C reserved for small companies

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IP structureClass D are reserved for multicasting

Class E are reserved for future use

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IP structure

Class A begins 1 to 126

Class B begins 128 to 191

Class C begins 192 to 223

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Reserved addressesAddresses beginning 127 are reserved for

loopback and internal testing

xxx.0.0.0 reserved for network address

xxx.255.255.255 reserved for broadcast

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IP Addresses IP addresses are:

Unique

Global and Standardised

Essential

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IP Address

• Two Standards of IP address –

IPv4 – 32 bit binary bits 4 numbers separated by dots. Example - 25.161.13.191

IPv6 – 128 bit binary bits eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by

colons(:). Example - 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

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IP Address

• IP address is divided in 2 parts :- Network ID and Host ID

Network ID – It’s a ID of the network and resembles the network.

Host ID – It’s a identification of host on the network.

Net ID Host ID

Example – 25.161.13.191

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IP Address Classes

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IP Address

• How to define network id and host id in IP address classes ?

10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100

Class A –

First octet shows the network id and rest 3 octets shows the host id.

Net Host

ID ID

2^24 16,777,216 hosts per network

10.12.34.10

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IP Address

• How to define network id and host id in IP address classes ?

10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100

Class B –

First 2 octets show the network id while the last 2 denotes the host id.

Net Host

ID ID 2^16 16,384 hosts per network

10.12.34.10

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IP Address• How to define network id and host id in IP

address classes ? 10.12.34.10 :- 11001100.11100111.11111000.11001100

Class C –

First 3 octets show the network id while the last 1 denotes the host id.

Net Host

ID ID

2^8 256 hosts per network

10.12.34.10

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LOOPBACK Address

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IP Address

• Loopback address – (127.0.0.1)

Also called as Localhost.

Loopback has no hardware associated with it.

Allows us to test ip software without worrying about the broken or corrupted driver or hardware.

Loopback interface never goes down.

Used for management on routers.

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Where do you want to go

Computer controlled dwellings

Road and rail systems

Criminal tagging

Tomorrow?

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The Internet ProtocolRunning out!!

Upgraded to IPv6

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THE END