5_ToolHand

7/30/2019 5_ToolHand

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Hand Tools



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Definition

Hand tools can be described as any device placed in the hand

and powered by hand to complete tasks and help make a task

easier, more efficient and/or safer.



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Four Hand Tool Safety Principles

• Selection

• Use

• Care

• Storage



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Hand Tool Safety

• Hand tools are often underrated as sources of potential danger.

• Hand tools may look harmless, but they are the cause of many injuries.

• Eight (8) percent of all workplace compensable injuries are caused by

incidents associated with hand tools.

• Injuries can include sever disabilities.

• Proper evaluation of a hand tools may include characteristics such as

the task, tool, workstation, and end-user.



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Types of Injuries

Cuts, abrasions, amputations,

and punctures.

Hand tools are designed to cut or move

metal and wood, remember what a single

slip can do to fragile human flesh.

Repetitive motion

injuries.

Using the same tool in the same way all day long, day

after day, can stress human muscles and ligaments.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (inflammation of the nerve

sheath in the wrist) and injuries to muscles, joints and

ligaments are increasingly common if the wrong toolis used, or the right tool is used improperly.

Causes numbness or poor circulation in hands and arms. Continuous

vibration

Eye injuries. Flying chips of wood or metal are a common

hazard, often causing needless and permanent

blindness.

Broken bones

and bruises

Tools can slip, fall from heights, or even be thrown by

careless employees, causing severe injuries. A hammer

that falls from a ladder is a lethal weapon.



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Injury Examples

1. Loss of eye/vision Using striking tools without eye protection.

2. Puncture wounds Using a screwdriver with a loose handlewhich causes the hand to slip.

3. Severed fingers,

tendons and arteriesDull knife

4. Broken bones Using the wrong hammer for the job

and smashing a finger.

5. Contusions Using a small wrench for a big job and

bruising a knuckle.



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Hand Tool Safety Principles

1. Safety is a state of mind. Always think when using a tool.

2. Every tool was designed to do a certain job. Use it for its intendedpurpose.

3. Keep your tools in good condition: sharp, clean, oiled, dressed and not

abused.

4. Worn tools are more dangerous.

5. Tools subject to impact tend to "mushroom”, keep them dressed.

6. Use tool holders.

7. Do not force tools beyond their capacity or use "cheaters" to increase

their capacity.

8. Secure your work in a vise whenever possible.

9. Chisels, screwdrivers or other pointed tools should never be carried in

clothing pockets.

10. Cutting tools should be kept sharp to ensure good smooth cutting.

Always use proper handles.

11. Drill Bits should be kept sharp, not dull, chipped, rounded, or tapered.



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Hand Tool Safety--cont.

12. Screwdriver points should not be badly worn and handles should be in

good condition.

13. Wrenches, if adjustable, must work freely and adjust properly.

14. Always wear the PPE required for the job.

15. Cut in a direction away from your body.

16. Keep close track of tools when working at heights. A falling tool can killa co-worker.

17. Pass a tool to another person by the handle; never toss it to them.



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Selection of Hand Tools

• The correct tool must be selection for the job.

Improves longevity of tool.

Reduced chance of injury to operator.

Improved quality of results.

• The correct tool is one that was designed for the work.

– You should not use a hatchet to chop down a large tree.

– A hammer should not be used with a plastic handled wood chisel.

– A screwdriver is not a pry bar.

– The correct tool is also one that fits the hands and abilities of the user.

– Higher quality of construction will lead to longer life and higher quality

of work.



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Use of Hand Tools

• Because the working part of many hand tools are close to the hands

and other body parts, correct uses is important. – Always cut away from body

– Use two hands if tool is designed for it.

– Keep hands clean and especially free of oil or other slick substances

– Insure handles are tight

– Keep focus on the activity.

• Each hand tool was designed for a specific purpose. Not using it for

that purpose constitutes misuse/abuse, which increases the risk

associated with its use.



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Care

Many hand tools are precision devices and should be cared for according.

–

Steel must be protected from rusting. – Wooden parts must be protected from water.

– Dulled edges must be sharpened.

– Rivets, screws, etc. must be kept tight.

– Handles should be tightened when loose.

– Wooden handles should be replaced when cracked.

– Don’t place tools on concrete floor.



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Storage

The goal of storage should be to maintain the condition of the tool.

–

Hand tools that are organized and stored correctly are easier to find, harder todamage, and easier for students to put back when they are done.

– Cutting edges must be protected from contact with hard surfaces.

– Tools must stored so that hand does not contact sharp points and edges when

removing the tool from storage.

– Organize tools by subject matter area.

– Lock tool storage when not being used.



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Tool classification

• It is a common practice to classify hand tools by their function.

• “Agricultural Mechanics--Fundamentals and Applications”

1. Layout and measuring

2. Cutting

3. Boring

4. Driving

5. Holding

6. Turning

7. Digging

8. Other



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1. Layout and Measuring Tools

• Layout and measuring tools may be measurement transfer tools or have

scales for determining distances.

– Transfer tools are used to transfer a measurement from one point to another.

– May not know or care what the dimension is

• Dividers

• Calipers

• T-bevel

• Measuring tools have a scale that can be used to determine a dimension,

distance, or angle.

– US tools use fractional scales. Must know how to add and subtract fractions.

• Rules

• Squares

• Measuring tapes



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2. Cutting tools

Cutting tools are used to cut, chop, saw, or otherwise remove material

by shaping.

– Saws

– Chisels

– Planes

– Axes

– Cutters



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Cutting Tools-cont.

• Three common principles of cutting tools.

1. Two (2) types of edges, three (3) shapes

2. The best cutting angle is determined by the hardness of the material.

3. The correct speed of cutting is determined by the hardness of the

material.



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Cutting Tools-cont.

Types: 2 Bevels and 3 Shapes (6

possible combinations)

– Single bevel: used to make fineslices or cuts

– Double bevel: used to chop or

make courser cuts

– Straight shape: general purpose

shape Coarse cuts but moredurable cutting edge

– Concave shape: finer, more

accurate cuts, less durable edge

– Convex edges: Very durable

edge, combination of cutting

and splitting

– Hollow ground shape is a

combination of two shapes



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Cutting--cont.

2. The best cutting angle is determined by the hardness of the

material.

– The harder the material--the smaller the cut

• Requires small chip clearance

– The softer the material--the larger the cut

• Requires larger chip clearance

3. The correct speed of cutting is determined by the hardness of the

material.

– The harder the material the slower the speed

– The softer the material the higher the speed

– Note: All cutting tools are designed to cut material that is harder than

skin and flesh.



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3. Boring Tools



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Questions

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