5.Physiology of Blood

7/30/2019 5.Physiology of Blood

1/27

Dr.G.MoinuddinGhori,PhD

Deptt.of Physiology,College of

Medicine,King Saud Bin AbdulazizUniversity for Health Sciences,RIYADH


2/27

8% of Body weight,

5-6 L in males & 4-5 L in females

FUNCTIONS:--1)Respiratory function

2)Nutritive function

3)Excretory function4)Hormone transport

5)Water & Electrolyte balance

6)Prevent the body against bacteria & Blood loss

7)Temp. regulation


3/27

PLASMA:-- 55

58 %

(Water 91.0%, Plasma proteins 7.0%, Mineral Salts 0.9% &2.1 % others as Glucose, Cholesterol ,Gases)

Plasma proteins Albumin,Globulin,Fibrinogen &Prothrombin

FORMED ELEMENTS (BLOOD CELLS):-- 42 - 45 %

( RBCs or Erythrocytes, WBCs or Leukocytes, Platelets orThrombocytes)


4/27


5/27


6/27


7/27


8/27


9/27


10/27

Embryo (Yolk sac) Few weeks

Middle Trimester ( Liver,Spleen,Lymph nodes)

Later part of Pregnancy( Bone marrow ofSkull,Vertibrae,Ribs, Sternum)

After Birth (Skeleton & Girdles)

Production Stimulated in (Anemia,Hypoxemia)

Production Inhibited in (Supernormal level)

Production Regulated by (Erythropoietin hormonefrom Kidney)

RBC life span

120 days


11/27


12/27


13/27


14/27

All WBCs originate from Hemocytoblasts

The Myeloblasts develop into Eosinophils

Monoblasts develop into Monocytes

Lymphoblasts develop into Lymphocytes

PLATELETS:-- Originate fromHemocytoblasts(Fragments of Megakaryocytes,Useful for stoppage of bleeding or blood clotting)


15/27


16/27


17/27

A series of reactions for stoppage of bleeding

Three phases occur in rapid sequence:--1. Vascular spasmsimmediatevasoconstriction in

response to injury,initiated by local pain receptors

2. Platelet plug formation-- as a result of plateletaggregation

3. Coagulation a set of reactionsin which blood istransformed from a liquid to gel (follows Intrinsic &

Extrinsic pathways)Final 3 steps are:-Prothrombin activator is formed

-Prothrombin is converted into Thrombin

-Thrombin converts FIBRINOGEN into FIBRIN


18/27


19/27


20/27


21/27


22/27


23/27

Whole blood transfusion is required, when largequantity of blood is lost

Before transfusion,matching of blood isessential to avoid reaction due to mis- match ofblood

Human blood have 30 varities of naturallyoccuring RBC antigens

Antigens of ABO & Rh blood groups cause strongreaction ,if not matched before transfusion


24/27

ABO Blood group consists of:--

Two ANTIGENS (A & B) on surface of RBCs &

Two ANTIBODIES (Anti-A & Anti-B) in the plasma

Presence of Rh factor on RBCs surface is indicated asRh+

TRANSFUSION REACTION occurs when mis-matchedblood is infused. Donors cells are attacked by the recipientanti bodies causing clumping of cells which results bloodflow block


25/27


26/27


27/27

Type AB blood group is called

Universal recipient as it can receive

blood from Type A blood group as

well as Type B blood group

Type O blood group is calledUniversal donor as it can give blood

to both Type A and TypeB blood

groups

5.Physiology of Blood

Documents

Transcript of 5.Physiology of Blood