5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI)...

127
前瞻裝置技術論壇 Philip Chang Brian Su Jian-hua Wu Jacky Yu Dec. 2016 1

Transcript of 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI)...

Page 1: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

前瞻裝置技術論壇

Philip Chang

Brian Su

Jian-hua Wu

Jacky Yu

Dec. 2016

1

Page 2: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 2

Page 3: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

What is news in 5G?

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

Communications 3

Page 4: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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5G Timing: Drivers

– 2018 and 2020 Olympics will showcase 5G.

– 3GPP: commercialization “Phase 1” (2020) and “Phase 2” (2022+)

• Study Items: New Radio “NR”; mmWave Channel Model; Scenarios & Requirements

• 4G LTE-A and IoT (CatM, NB-IoT) Continue (these are not 5G).

– Major operators actively planning/doing trials; none committing to pre-standards commercialization of 5G

(exception Verizon)

Industry rallying around these cardinal dates

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

Communications 4

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Feb: Winter Olympics South Korea

Summer: FIFA World Cup, Russia,

2015 Milestones

Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov: ITU WRC 15

Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary

2019 Milestone

Nov (Likely): ITU-WRC 19

2020 Milestone

July/Aug: Summer Olympics Japan

Summer (Likely): 1st 5G Commercial

2022 Milestone

Summer (Earliest): 2nd

5G Commercial

3GPP “Phase 1” 3GPP “Phase 2”R15R14R13

Some claim 5G commercialization here

2017 Milestone

Q4: Verizon to Launch

28Ghz Fixed Wireless

Yo

u A

re H

ere

Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 & beyond

802.11aj

China mmW

802.11ax

HEW

802.11ay

ET > 45GHz

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What will 5G Do? 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G

Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E

4G3G

5G

100X Energy

Efficiency

Reliability

99.999%

1mS Latency

100X

Densification

1000X

Capacity

100X Data

Rates

All requirements cannot be met by any single radio access technology (RAT)

5

eMBB mMTC

uRLLC

– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps

– Mini data rate > 50 Mbps

– High user mobility

– Access in dense area

– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps

– Minimum data rate > 50 Mbps

– High user mobility

– Broadband access in dense area

– Ultra-high reliability

– Ultra-low latency

Page 6: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

5G eMBB Air Interface Key Technologies

65G Key Technologies and

T&M Opportunities

NewWaveform & BroadBand

mmWave

Full Dupliex-

ing

Massive

MIMO

OFDM vs. FBMC

OFDMA

tp

f NOMA

tp

f SCMA

t

f

UFMC

Co-location

High SINR

Low SINR

eMBB

Page 7: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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mmWave: 5G Frequency bands >6GHzFrequency Europe FCC (2016/6) ITU (2015/10) SI Japan Korea

28GHz (25-27GHz) 24.25-27.5

27.5-28.5

27.5-28.35

BW 425MHzX2

24.25-27.5GHz 27.5-28.5

32GHz

37GHz 37.0-38.6

BW 400MHzX4

37-40.5GHz

39GHz 38.6-40.0

BW 200MHzX7

40.5-43.5GHz UK at least FFS 42.5-43.5GHz

45.5-48.9GHz UK at least 45.5-47GHz

47.2-50.2GHz

50.4-52.6GHz

57-66GHz 59.3-71GHz

(extend ISM—

unlicensed)

64-71GHz 66-71GHz 66-76GHz

71-76GHz UK at least

81-86GHz

Examples of Public Activity (Updated Summer 2016)

• FCC Announced rules on mmWave proposals 14 July 2016

• Ericsson will provide 28GHz system for SKT (Korea) and 15GHz system for

CMCC

• AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile filed for experimental licenses (3.5, 3.7, 15, 28,

37, 39GHz)

• Most large players demonstrating high-rate capabilities from 15-90GHz

Most Likely Uses of Spectrum as of Sept 2016

• Significant investment in EMBB Mobile, Multiple Access <40GHz due to cost and simplicity.

• 28GHz: Korea, Japan, and USA

• 37-39 GHz USA and perhaps more likely for Europe

• 24-27GHz : Europe

• 45GHz: Focus for 802.11aj in China

• 57-86GHz Bands more likely for high-speed point-to-point and extensions of ISM-based WiFi

eMBB

Page 8: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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HetNet: 4G macro and 5G macro are used for

wide-area coverage. Pico and Femto of 4G/5G are

used in hotspot.

Coverage: the coverage of 5G is similar to 4G

Coexistence: Inter-site and intra-site deployment

of 5G and 4G can be adopted.

F1 F2

Deployment – Low and High Freq Band

“Headlamp”

“Flashlight”

5G eNB

4G eNB

F1

F2

eMBB

Page 9: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Today’s 5G Engagements: 30 Total WW

9

Key

Commercial Collaboration

University Collaboration

Consortium Research Project

Regional/Country Consortium

UC San Diego

Multiple

NYU Wireless

mmWave

mmMAGIC

mmWave Air Intfc

Kwangwoon Univ

Multiple

MET5G

5G Metrology

Univ of Bristol

mmWave

Docomo

mmWave Channel

TRIANGLE

5G Applications

Tsing Hua Univ

MIMO & mmWave

5G Forum Korea

Multiple

5G MFJapan

Multiple

Huawei

Shanghai

Full Duplex,

MIMO

Datang Beijing

mmWave Channel

China Mobile

Multiple

FutureForum China

Multiple

SEU Nanjing

MIMO & mmWave

C

U

PR

C

C

C

C

U U

U

U

U

U

P

P R

R

R

26 Total

Commercial: 11

Consortium: 9

College: 10

Reference

Public

Anite

Confidential

Univ of Surrey 5GIC

Multiple

U

METIS

mmWAVE

P

Univ of Oulu CWC

Air Interface/Channel

U

VIRTUOSO

Air Intfc/Channel

P

P

Samsung

Multiple

C

Korea Telecom

Multiple

C

NAR Labs Taipei

Multiple

NTU Taipei

MultipleU

C

NGMN

MultipleP

Verizon

mmWave

C

Huawei Ottawa

<6GHZ PHY/MAC

C

Intel

mmWave

C

Qualcomm

mmWave

C

Wideband, MIMO

Channel Sounding

Sub-6 GHz MIMO

Wideband, MIMO

Channel Sounding

SystemVue Simulation

Software with 5G LibrarySignal Studio with

Custom 5G

89600 VSA Software with

Custom OFDM/Demod

RF/µW/mmWave

Wideband Testbed

Massive MIMO

Tx/Rx

Page 10: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 10

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<10cm <5km

Proximity

WPAN

WLAN

WNAN WWANWHAN

NFC

EMV

Bluetooth/LE

ANT+

MiWi

ZigBee

Z-Wave

Thread (6LoWPAN)

EnOcean

Many others

802.11a/b/g/n/ac (WiFi)

802.11ah (WiFi HaLow 1km)

802.11p (V2X)

802.11af (white space)

Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)

ZigBee NAN (6LoWPAN)

Wireless M-bus

Many othersSIGFOX

LoRa

Telensa

OnRamp/INGENU

Weightless P

Many others

Cellular (licensed)

LPWAN (un-licensed)

<100km

WFAN

Terms not precise

ISA100.11a (6LoWPAN)

WirelessHART

Many others

IoT Radios

11

Blue: > billion units/year now

Red: emerging

WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network

WHAN: Wireless Home Area

WFAN: Wireless Field (or Factory) Area

WLAN: Wireless Local Area

WNAN: Wireless Neighbourhood Area

WWAN: Wireless Wide Area

LPWAN: Low Power Wide Area Network

LPWAN (licensed)

3GPP NB-IoT3GPP LTE-MTC, eMTC/Cat M, LTE-V

3GPP GSM, WCDMA, EC-GPRS

3GPP2 Cdma2000, WiMAX

© 2016 Keysight Technologies

mMTCuRLLC

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Low Power Wide Area (LPWA)

Keysight in IoT 12

Social housing

monitoring

Street lighting Parking sensor

Soil moisture

Trash collection Pet tracker

Bag trackerEmbedded

asset status

Bike tracker Capital asset Meter

Fire detection

Coverage pools Global coverageRegion coverage

Page 13: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Cat M and NB-IoT

13

3GPP Release 13 Deployment options

Typical 5MHz LTE5MHz with 25 x 180kHz

LTE 180kHz PRB(Physical Resource Block)

180kHz from 12x15kHz

subcarriers (OFDMA downlink)

Cat M1.4MHz with 6 x 180kHz

Cat M in-band

with LTE

Central control 6PRB

6x 180k=

1.08MHz

25x180k=

4.5MHz

© 2016 Keysight Technologies

NB-IoT LTE guard

band

NB-IoT200kHz from 1 x 180kHz

NB-IoT in-band

with LTE

NB-IoT in 200kHz GSM

spectrum no guard

NB-IoT in 200kHz GSM

spectrum with guard

3GPP

Rel

13

CMCC推動NB-IoT於2017年實現商用化

GTI 2.0 (2016) 2017

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Bluetooth® Standard Evolution

14

1999 2003 2004 2007 2009

Many problems

Difficult making

products

interoperable

Faster connection/

discovery

Use AFH

Up to 721 kbps

Introduction of

EDR

EDR Up to 2.1

Mbps

SSP, EIR

power consumption

optimization

Alternate MAC/PHY

Unicast connectionless data

Enhanced power control

HS up to 24 Mbps

Adoption of

Bluetooth LE

LE up to 260 kbps

Including classic, LE and HS

V1.0

V1.2

V2.0 + EDR

V2.1 + EDR

V3.0 + HS

V4.0

Coexist with 4G

Smart connectivity

Data transfer

improvement

V4.1

20142010 2013

V4.2

Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.

2016

V5.0

2Mbps BT LE (deviation

doubles to 370kHz)

For IoT (Support IPv6/6LoWPAN)

High privacy

Data throughput increase (10x

packet capacity increase)

Leverage Wear Device and

Handheld Experience to IoT

Bluetooth 5Capability– 4 x Longer Range

– 2 x Higher Speed

– 800% Broadcasting Capacity

Application– Bluetooth mesh

– Extensible beacons

– Direction & discovery: Indoor Location

Data from: iBeacon

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Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solution

N9064A N9081A

N9077A N9080/2A

N7617B

N7606B N7610B

Short Rang Comm.

N7624/5B

E6640A EXM MXG/EXG

PXA/MXA/EXA/CXA

Page 16: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 16

Page 17: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Wi-Fi Evolution Path

2002-2006 2007-2011 2012 2013 2014 and beyond

2.4 GHz 802.11n

5 GHz 802.11a 802.11n 802.11ac

60 GHz

802.11aj

802.11ay

802.11af

802.11ah

<1 GHz

802.11a/b/g/j/p

802.11nWidely adopted and large

installed base

802.11ac/axHigher capacity, higher data

rate for mobile, computing and

CE devices

802.11ad/WiGig/ayWireless docking, in-room

wireless display, audio and more

802.11ahHome/building automation,

sensors and more

802.11afTV white space

802.11ajChina (59-64 & 45 GHz)

17

802.11ad

1999…

802.11ax

802.11p802.11pWireless access in vehicular

environment at 5.8/5.9 GHz

802.11ax

Page 18: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Why do we demand for high efficiency Wi-Fi?18

Rock

Star

2016

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IEEE 802.11ax vs. 802.11acHow is it different from 802.11ac?

19

802.11ac 802.11ax

Frequency Band 5 GHz 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

Bandwidths 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz

Optional: 160 MHz, 80+80 MHz

20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz

Optional: 160 MHz, 80+80 MHz

Modulation Type Up to 256QAM

(Optional 1024QAM)

Up to 1024QAM

FFT Size 64, 128, 256, 512

Sub-carrier space as 312.5 kHz

256, 512, 1024, 2048

Sub-carrier space as 78.125 kHz

OFDM Duration 3.2us + 0.8/0.4 us CP 12.8 us + 0.8/1.6/3.2 us CP

Multi-user

technology

MU-MIMO (DL),

up to 8 spatial streams

OFDMA + MU-MIMO (UL & DL),

up to 8 spatial streams

Data Rate Up to 7 Gbits/s (WAVE 2) Up to 10 Gbit/s

Application Multi-room distribution

(Multi-media home)

Indoor, Outdoor and IoT applications

Key Performance

Indicators (KPI)

Peak rate driver

• Link throughput

• Aggregate throughput

User experience driver

• Average per station throughput

• Area throughput

• Power efficiency

Multi-user with OFDMA and SDMA

KE

YS

IGH

T C

ON

FID

EN

TIA

L

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802.11ax Design Challenges

• Up to 1024QAM modulation requires higher SNR

• Smaller sub-carrier spacing needs better phase noise

Higher Order Modulation and Smaller Sub-carrier Spacing

• Internal transmission signals or harmonics generated from other devised falling into the same frequency band

• Apply new technologies like tone nulling, notch filtering, dual sub-carrier modulation to eliminate the narrow interference

Narrow Interference

• Each antenna might interfere with other antennas, damaging performance

• True MIMO test becomes more important requiring more complex detectors like Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector

MU-MIMO (DL& UL)

• 802.11ax introduce OFDMA to maximize the resource utilization and multiplexing flexibility

Wi-Fi with OFDMA

20Keysight 802.11ax

KE

YS

IGH

T C

ON

FID

EN

TIA

L

Page 21: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

Page 21 © 2015 Keysight Technologies

Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 21

Keysight 802.11ax Solutions for R&D/DVT/Manufacturing

89600 VSA Software

N9077A WLAN Application

Up to BW160

(N) N5182B MXG

Signal Generators N5182B MXG

Signal Generator

MXA

Signal Analyzer

PXA

Signal Analyzer

Single Channel 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 8X8 MIMO

UXA

Signal Analyzer

N7617B Signal Studio for

WLAN

21

M9421A PXI VXT

M9421A PXI VXT

M9421A PXI VXT

Vector Transceiver

M9421A PXI VXT

Vector Transceiver

Keysight 802.11ax

E6640A EXM

E6640A EXM

Page 22: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 22

WLAN 802.11ad/aj

802.11ad MAC PHY standard was completed in 2013

• Channel bandwidth of 2 GHz

• SC and OFDM PHY’s

Protocol Adaptation Layer specifications developed by the WiGig Alliance (WGA)

A new 802.11 study group for ‘Next Generation 60GHz’ to start in July 2014

• MIMO and Channel bonding likely to be included. Targeting speeds of up to 24 Gbps for a single

channel, 100 Gbps for 3 channels

802.11aj is proposed to support operation in Chinese Milli-Meter Wave (CMMW) frequency

bands including the 59-64GHz and 45GHz, which is unlicensed band in China. Key 5G

project of 863 of China.

Technical details of 802.11aj

• More close to 802.11ac; Add single carrier mode

• Support multiple antenna, up to 4 streams

• BW is up to 512MHz, ¼ of BW of 802.11ad

60GHz/45GHz

22

Page 23: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 23

23

60 GHz Channel Plan by Region

CWPAN (China) also

planning

43.5-47.0 GHz deployment

TGaj (802.11aj)

2 31 4

5 6 7 8

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Antenna Design: beam forming is necessary at mmWave

Antennas: 2G, 3G, 4G are similar. Requires NEW design

BSEE is very adequate Companies hiring Phd’s for antenna design

Antennas are isotropic design Antennas are steerable beam array

Test method was RF cable Antenna is bonded to BBIC. OTA test only

Antenna was characterized Phased array antenna may need cal

Modest power = adequate distance Small power available…must steer it

New Design

RF mmWave

Page 25: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

Page 25 © 2015 Keysight Technologies

Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 25

60 GHz PHY Test Solution: Signal Path Interconnect

25

DUT

M1971E WB Smart Mixer

MXG2: N5183A-520 MXG (Rx LO)

Controlling PC(Could be Desktop, Laptop or Embedded)

Waveform

Acq'd Signal

DSA91304A Infiniium Digital Speed Analyzer

81199A Wideband

Waveform Center (WWC)

89601B VSA SW

Differential IQ

AWG to Scope

5 G

Hz

LO/IF

WARNING: Exit 89600 VSA Software before changing instrument

setup

Dem

od

PSG: E8267D-520-016 (I/Q Modulation)

VDI Up-converter

MXG1: N5183A-520 MXG (Tx LO)

M8190A Wideband AWG (I/Q Generation)

Differential IQ AWG to PSG

AuxRF In

LO/IF

10 MHz

Page 26: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

Introducing E7760A and M1650A

World’s 1st 802.11ad Non Signaling One Box Tester

26

1st

Y7707A 802.11ad Application SW

Performs all tests in the 802.11ad standard

Runs inside the E7760A

Node Locked, Transportable, Perpetual, Time based

M16M1650A mmWave Transceiver, 55 – 68GHz

Each M1650A is bidirectional and tunable

Includes 2 meter cable to deliver signals near the DUT

Single cable from E7760A provides the LO, power, and

control signals

E7760A Wideband Transceiver

1 VSA, 1 VSG in 2U form factor saves precious rack

space

2 x IFIO ports (SMA): 2 – 18 GHz

6x RF ports (Type N): 55 - 68GHz for mmWave

Transceivers (M1650A)

Page 27: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

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Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 27

802.11ay/NG60 status

Expect schedule: 2017

Target Max Data Rate: 20GHz (4,32GHz),

100GHz(8.64GHz)

Modulation: up to 64APSK (NUC)

Range: 10m -> 300 ~ 500m (LOS and NLOS)

MIMO and MU-MIMO up to 4x4

NUC 64APSKDistance between array

centers - d

PAA #1

PAA #2

PAA elementSignal 1st stream

Signal 2nd stream

Phase shifterV pol

H pol

PAA elementSignal 3rd stream

Signal 4th stream

Phase shifterV pol

H pol

H and V pol

H and V pol

4x4 MIMOChannel Bonding

Source: IEEE, “11-15-1145-00-00ay-su-mimo-configurations-for-ieee-802-11ay”

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Page 28 © 2015 Keysight Technologies

Visualizing 5G

Massive MIMO

Moray Rumney Page 28

802.11ay/NG60 use cases

Wireless Video

28

NG60

AP

NG60

AP

LOS AccessN-LOS Access

Backhaul @60GHz

BUS STOP

TV or Display

Set-top box

(TV controller)

Blu-ray player

Smart phone/Tablet

Replacement

of wired interface

Wireless Transfer

from fixed device

Wireless Transfer

from mobile device

8K UHD

Service

Data Center backup connection

VR/AR Backhaul

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PageQuestions?

Thank you!

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

Communications 29

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PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 30

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PageIncrease the throughput

– Carrier Aggregation

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 31

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LTE UE Category DL and UE Category UL

FDD Downlink TDD Downlink

Cat 0 1 Mbps 1 Mbps

Cat 6/7301 Mbps (2CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(1CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)

263 Mbps(2CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(1CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)

Cat 9/10452 Mbps(3CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

394 Mbps (3CC)

(3CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

Cat 11/12

603 Mbps(4CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(3CC 256QAM, 2x2 MIMO)

(2CC 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO)

526 Mbps(4CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(3CC 256QAM, 2x2 MIMO)

(2CC 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO)

Cat 13391 Mbps (2CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(1CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)

335 Mbps(2CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(1CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)

Cat 143916 Mbps

(5CC 256QAM 8x8 MIMO)

3355 Mbps

(5CC 256QAM 8x8 MIMO)

Cat 15 750-799 Mbps(4CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(2CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)

643 - 684 Mbps (4CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

(2CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)

Cat 16 979-1051 Mbps(5CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

838-901 Mbps(5CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)

FDD Uplink TDD Uplink

Cat 0 1 Mbps 1 Mbps

Cat 3 51 Mbps (1CC) 30 Mbps (1CC)

Cat 5 75 Mbps (1CC 64QAM) 46 Mbps (1CC 64QAM)

Cat 7102 Mbps(2CC or 2x2 MIMO)

61 Mbps (2CC or 2x2 MIMO)

Cat 81.5 Gbps

(5CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)

612 Mbps

(5CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)

Cat 13151 Mbps (2CC 64QAM)

90 Mbps (2CC 64 QAM)

In UE Capability Information Message

<UL-DCCH-Message>

UE indicates the highest category it supports:

32

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Page

What is Carrier Aggregation?

• Combining (using) multiple LTE carriers together in order to

increase data throughput

• Extends the maximum transmission bandwidth, up to 100 MHz, by

aggregating up to five LTE carriers – a.k.a component carriers

(CCs)

• Initially defined in the 3GPP Release 10 standard

• To preserve compatibility with existing devices, all aggregated

carriers look exactly “like R8/R9” carriers.

• Can be supported in Downlink only or both in Downlink and

Uplink

• Supported for FDD and TDD modes

33

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Multi-cell Aggregation

Example of PCC+ 3 SCC: 2 Layers, 2x2 MIMO and only 64 QAM

Multi-cell carrier aggregation

34

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PageIncrease the throughput

– Carrier Aggregation

– 4x4 MIMO

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 35

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

4x4 MIMO:

configuration

and

expectations

36

Source: PCTEL

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Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

In UE Capability Information Message

<UL-DCCH-Message>

UE informs eNB that it is capable of supporting fourLayers in DL, for each of the bands it supports in CA

4x4 MIMO Support: How does eNB know UE supports it?You guessed it: UE Capability Information

37

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Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

2x2 MIMO example: How does it work + how to configure 4x4

Source: PCTEL38

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PageIncrease the throughput

– Carrier Aggregation

– 4x4 MIMO

– 256QAM

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 39

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On 256 QAM DL In UE Capability Information Message

<UL-DCCH-Message>

UE informs eNB that it is capable of supporting

256QAM in DL

The UE Capability Information Message keeps getting bigger, as new features are being added in 3GPP and

technology evolves.

Enhances the spectrum

efficiency for terminals

experiencing favorable channel

conditions.

40

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Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

Table 7.1.7.1-1A. Modulation and TBS index table 2 for PDSCHTable 7.1.7.1-1. Modulation and TBS index table for PDSCH

How does UE know if it should decode 256QAM or other modulation?MCS index itself has not changed, but the mapping shall be different, if Q256 is

used.

From 3GPP Spec 36.213 (PHY Layer):

Mapping to

Modulation order

and TBS Index is

new

41

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– The study in the physical layer aspects (in 3GPP Rel-12 TR 36.872)

recommended:

• Downlink 256 QAM for low mobility sparse indoor scenarios

• Reduced transition time for small cell on/off

• Efficient radio-interface-based inter-cell synchronization (network listening)

– Downlink 256 QAM has been specified with much tighter EVM. From 36.104:

E-UTRA Small cell enhancements - Phy layer aspects

42

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PageIncrease the throughput

– Carrier Aggregation

– 4x4 MIMO

– 256QAM

– UXM support Cat 16 , 1G throughput !

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 43

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Page

© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Page

UXM Multi-Unit ConnectivityRealistic data performance for functional test

Main UXM Aux UXMManage all LTE cells & component

carriers from a single user interface

Keysight UXM & QC Snapdragon X16 LTE modem

• Mobile Industry Milestone: 1Gbps IP Data Throughput

• 4x4 MIMO w/ Carrier Aggregation & 256QAM Downlink

News from MWC ‘16

44

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Page

Setting the record straight: 3GPP 36.213 (V12.7.0) T. 7.1.7.2.1-1

“Downlink Throughput of 1 Gbps ~= 978.960 Mbps”

DL Category 16 978960 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM)

195816 (4 layers, 256QAM)

75376 (2 layers, 64QAM)

97896 (2 layers, 256QAM)

((x 2 for MIMO)x 2 for cells)

(x 2 for MIMO) +

45

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Page

We could do more, but via simulation of UE

46

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 47

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New LTE marker agreed

– New marker “LTE-Advanced PRO” for Rel-13 and beyond

48

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

– Cooperation and competition with WIFI

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 49

Cooperation and competition

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It’s happening in multiple ways…

3GPP has focused in two areas to help Operators offload traffic in the

unlicensed spectrum:

• WLAN via LTE/WLAN Interworking (via offload or aggregation)

• LTE over unlicensed spectrum

Rel. 12 Rel. 13 Rel. 14Rel. 11Rel. 10

LTE/WLAN

Interworking

LTE over

unlicensed eLAA

WLAN

Offload

RAN Assisted

Interworking

RAN Controlled

Interworking

LAA

LTE-U

Aggregation LWA

LWIP

50

Offload

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LAA

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

Communications 51

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• Based on Carrier Aggregation with the Primary Cell being deployed in any

Licensed Band to ensure highest reliability and a set of SCells in unlicensed

spectrum to boost data rates.

LAA Overview and Design Targets

52

Design targets:

1. Single global solution compliant with any regional regulatory requirement

2. Effective and fair co-existence with WLAN

3. Effective and fair co-existence with others Operators’ LAA deployments

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LAA Functionalities

LTE functionality required:

i. Listen-Before-Talk (LBT)

ii. Frame structure type 3:

• Discontinuous transmission with limited usage of channel

• Use of incomplete subframes

• Downlink only

• No PBCH

• Use of Band 46 (5.150 – 5.925 GHz)

iii. Discovery Signals to enable RRM

More information can be found in TR 36.889

“Feasibility Study on Licensed-Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum“

53

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

– Cooperation and competition with WIFI

– Cellular IOT

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 54

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Why do we need IoT?

Healthcare

Agriculture

Asset tracking

Smart Energy

Connected cities

Manufacturing

Connected

cars

Weareables

Range

ZigBee

BT LE

NFC

WiFi Cellular

LPWAN

Data rate / Power consumption

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3GPP IOT

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

Communications 56

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

– Cooperation and competition with WIFI

– Cellular IOT

• NBIOT

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 57

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NB-IoT: Key parameters

Frequency rangeLTE FDD Bands:

1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28, 66

Duplex Mode FDD Half Duplex type B

MIMO No MIMO support

Bandwidth 180 KHz (1PRB)

Multiple AccessDownlink: OFDMA

Uplink: SC-FDMA

Modulation Schemes

Downlink: BPSK, QPSK

Uplink: Single Tone: π/4-QPSK, π/2-BPSK

Multi Tone: QPSK

Coverage 164 dB (+20dB GPRS)

Data Rate ~ 10s kbps

Latency < 10 seconds

Mobility Nomadic (only re-selections, no handovers)

Low Power eDRX, Power Saving Mode

HARQ (1 process only)

UL Power Control (Open Loop only)

RSRP, RSRQ Reporting

CSI Reporting

Carrier Aggregation

IMS

eMBMS

Support for other features:

Handovers in CONNECTED

$

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NB-IoT: Operation Modes

1. Standalone:

• Replacing a GSM carrier

with an NB-IoT cell

2. Guard band:

• Utilizing the unused

resource blocks within a

LTE carrier’s guard-band

with guaranteed co-

existence

3. In-band:

• Through flexible use of

part of an LTE carrier with

a self-contained NB-IoT

cell using 1PRB

LTE

(i.e. 5MHz , 25PRB)

In-Band Guard-Band Standalone

Frequenc

y

123

NB

-Io

T

NB

-Io

T

NB

-Io

T

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POP QUIZ

How many Operators are planning to deploy

NB-IoT during the next 12-18 months?

A. 10 kbps? Really?? NB-IoT is rubbish … Z E R O !

B. Between 5 and 10

C. More than 25 Operators

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Companies we know are working on NB-IoT

Chipset / IP vendors

• Neul

• HiSilicon/Huawei (collaboration)

• Intel (collaboration)

• Qualcomm (collaboration)

• Sequans (call)

• Altair (collaboration)

• GCT (future collaboration)

• Mediatek

• Samsung LSI (future collaboration)

• Nordic semiconductors

• Ceva (IP)

• Commsolid (IP) (collaboration)

• RDA (collaboration)

• ZXIC

• Mistbase

• NextG-com

Module vendors

• U-blox

• Sierra Wireless

• Telit

• Gemalto

• Quectel

Operators

• Vodafone

• CMCC

• China Unicom

• China Telecom

• AT&T

• Verizon

• Sprint

• T-Mobile USA

• Bell Mobility

• SK Telecom

• KT

• LG U+

• British Telecom

• Telecom Italia

• Telefonica

• TDC Denmark

• T-Mobile Netherlands

• Telia

• Deutsche Telekom

• Megafon Russia

• Tele2

• NTT Docomo

• KDDI

• Turk Telecom

• Etisalat

• Ooredo

• Safaricom

• Telstra

• Two Degree Mobile

• … Up to 50 Operators

End Devices vendors

• Optex

• Hisense

• LG

• Samsung

• Kamstrup Meters

• Pietro Fiorentini Meters

• Oviphone China wearable

• Veolia

• Nextivity

• Digi

• Harman

Base Station Vendors

• Huawei

• Nokia

• Ericsson

Industry Forums

• 3GPP

• GCF

• GSMA NB-IoT Forum

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

– Cooperation and competition with WIFI

– Cellular IOT

• NBIOT

• Cat M1

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 62

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Page

Category M1 featuresKey Parameters

Feature Category M1 Any Category Comments

BL

Bandwidth Reduced

(BR)Mandatory N/A

• 1.4MHz BW (1 NarrowBand)

• MPDCCH (no PDCCH, PCFICH,

PHICH)

• NB hopping (re-tuning)

• FDD (opt. Half Duplex Type B) and TDD

• Specific SIB-BR (eMTC SIBs)

Lower Complexity

(LC)Mandatory N/A

• Max TBS is 1000 bits (uni and multi-

cast)

• Limited number of Transmission Modes

• Simplification of RRM

• Max power 20dBm (optional)

CE

Mode A Mandatory Optional

• Normal, Robust coverage

• Limited number of Repetitions

• TPC, CSI support

• DCI 6-1A (PDSCH), DCI 6-0A (PUSCH)

Mode B Optional Optional

• Extended coverage

• Large number of Repetitions

• No support for TPC, CSI

• DCI 6-1B (PDSCH), DCI 6-0B (PUSCH)

eDRX, PSM Optional Optional

• Hyperframe support (H-SFN)

• C-eDRX values of 5.12s and 10.24s

• I-eDRX values up to 44 minutes

*BL = Bandwidth reduced Low complexity

*CE = Coverage Enhancement

$

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Cat-M1: Operation Mode

Typical 5MHz LTE5MHz with 25 x 180kHz

Cat M1 in-band

with LTE

Cat M11.4MHz with 6 x 180kHz

6 PRB x 180k=

1.08MHz

– Single Operation Mode with Cat-M1 devices embedded within the LTE cell

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Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping

PD

CC

H

Sync, Broadcast

1

The UE uses the 6 central PRB

to acquire sync and Broadcast

6 central PRB

(1.4 MHz)

1 subframe (1ms)

Keysight Confidential

S800 2016

65

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Page

Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping

PD

CC

H

Sync, Broadcast

PD

CC

H

1

The UE uses the 6 central PRB

to acquire sync and Broadcast

6 central PRB

(1.4 MHz)

1 subframe (1ms)

2

nNB = 0

nNB = 1

nNB = 2

nNB = 3

The UE can only listen to just one

of the Narrowbands

1 subframe (1ms)

LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6

PRB called Narrowbands (NB)

Keysight Confidential

S800 2016

66

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PD

CC

H

Sync, Broadcast

PD

CC

H

Cat-M1

1

1 subframe (1ms)

2

MPDCCH

PDSCH

1 subframe (1ms)

Given Cat-M1 BW is only 1.4MHz,

It cannot read legacy PDCCH (and PCFICH,

PHICH)

The UE uses the 6 central PRB

to acquire sync and Broadcast

Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping

6 central PRB

(1.4 MHz)

6 PRB

LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6

PRB called Narrowbands (NB)

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PD

CC

H

Sync, Broadcast

PD

CC

H

Cat-M1

1

1 subframe (1ms)

2

1 subframe (1ms)

The UE uses the 6 central PRB

to acquire sync and Broadcast

PD

CC

H

Cat-M1

3

NB Hopping is posible to

improve frequency selectivity

1 subframe (1ms)

Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping

6 central PRB

(1.4 MHz)

LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6

PRB called Narrowbands (NB)

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Companies we know are working on Cat-M1

Chipset vendors

• Intel (collaboration)

• Qualcomm (call)

• Sequans (call)

• Altair (collaboration)

• GCT (using Hisilicon)

• Mediatek (Taiwan and Finland)

• Samsung LSI (Field)

• Nordic semiconductors (PR)

• RDA (collaboration)

• Mistbase (IP)

• NextG-com

• Virtuosys

Module vendors

• U-blox (call)

• Sierra Wireless (PR)

• Telit

• Gemalto (meeting)

• Quectel (PR)

Operators

• Vodafone (call)

• CMCC (visit)

• China Unicom (HiSilicon material)

• China Telecom

• AT&T (AVL 2016)

• Verizon (IWPC presentation)

• Sprint (3GPP)

• T-Mobile USA (meeting)

• Bell Mobility

• SK Telecom (NB-IoT Forum member)

• KT

• LG U+

• British Telecom (meeting)

• Telecom Italia (GSMA PR)

• Telefonica (GSMA PR)

• TDC Denmark (TLO)

• Telia

• Deutsche Telekom (HiSilicon material)

• Megafon Russia (NB-IoT Forum member)

• Tele2 (NB-IoT Forum member)

• NTT Docomo (Japan Field)

• KDDI

• Turk Telecom

• Etisalat

• Ooredo

• Safaricom

• Telstra

• Two Degree Mobile

End Devices vendors

• LG (Field)

• Samsung (Field)

• Nextivity (email)

Base Station Vendors

• Huawei

• Nokia

• Ericsson

Industry Forums

• 3GPP

• GCF

• PTCRB

69

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NB-IoT and Cat-M1

• Both NB-IoT and Cat-M1 have fundamental changes in the

physical layer and adds new specific features which need testing

Customer Challenge:

Many of our potential customers will have products covering both

NB-IoT and Cat-M1; possibly GSM and LTE as well

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PageLTE-A pro

– What’s LTE-A pro?

– Cooperation and competition with WIFI

– Cellular IOT

• NBIOT

• Cat M1

• CIoT Verification Challenges

5G Massive MIMO and

mmW Design and Test

Solution 71

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

CIoT Verification Challenges

Reliability

Long time between re-boot, unattended recovery

Remote software update, Server down, No coverage

Operator settings, IoT protocol selection, Authentication

Battery Life

Lifetime SLA, software update drain

Repetitions performance under extreme coverage

Unhandled software and network exceptions

Superior Coverage

Achieving deep in-building coverage

3rd party enclosure/antenna effects

Multi-radio interference/inter-mod

Acceptance

Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB

Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test

System integrator acceptance

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Page

© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

CIoT Verification Challenges

Reliability

Battery Life

Superior Coverage

Acceptance

UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)

Lifetime SLA, software update drain

Repetitions performance under extreme coverage

Unhandled software and network exceptions

Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB

Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test

System integrator acceptance

Antenna test systems

General Purpose RF test tools

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Page

© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

CIoT Verification Challenges

Reliability

Battery Life

Superior Coverage

Acceptance

UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)

Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB

Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test

System integrator acceptance

Antenna test systems

General Purpose RF test tools

Page 75: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

Page

© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*

CIoT Verification Challenges

Reliability

Battery Life

Superior Coverage

Acceptance

Antenna test systems

UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)

T4000S RCT/RRM operator RF

General Purpose RF test tools

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PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 77

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Page

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Page

Envelope Tracking vs. Fixed Supply - Concept

PABasebandUp-

converter

Fixed DC

Supply

IQ RF

PABasebandUp-

Converter

Envelope

tracking power

supply (ETPS)

IQ RF

Envelope

detector

Shaping

table

Battery

Conventional RF Amplifier

RF Amplifier with Envelope Tracking

Constant supply

Variable envelope

Variable supply

Variable envelope

Efficient Inefficient

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

78

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

• Improve battery life

• Increase RF amplifier performance over broad frequencies

• Lower distortion

• Reduce heat dissipation

Envelope Tracking - The How & Why

79

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

Continuously

adjust the

supply voltage

to change the

PA’s operating

point

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Page行動裝置省電技術與測試

– Envelope Tracking

– Digital Pre-Distortion

80

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Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) - Concept

+ =

DPD corrects PA nonlinearities resulting in higher performing power amplifiers

Pmax correctable

PsatPout

Pin

PA with Gain Compression

DPD Gain

Expansion

Linear

Region

DPD

Region

Very Important Intercept Point

Linearized DPD + PA Response

81PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

Raw PA output (no DPD)

PA+DPD, after 1 iteration to extract DPD

coefficients

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DPD - The How & Why

Improve linearity of PA output signal by modifying the input

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

82

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Page行動裝置省電技術與測試

– Envelope Tracking

– Digital Pre-Distortion

– Crest Factor Reduction

83

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• CFR is not a linearization technique

• Two methods widely used: 1) Clipping and Filtering 2) Peak Windowing

Crest Factor Reduction - The How & Why

Reduce the PAPR to limit distortion produced in the PA

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

84

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

© Keysight Technologies 2015

CFR – Clipping and Filtering

85

• This is the conventional method, includes both hard clipping and lowpass filtering

• Clipping can cause sharp corners in a clipped signal, which leads to an unwanted out-of-

band emission (increased ACP)

• To reduce the unwanted out-of-band emissions, the clipped signal will go through a low-

pass filter to reduce the high frequency signals which correspond to the sharp corners in

the clipped signal.

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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© Keysight Technologies 2015

CFR – Peak Windowing

86

• Peak windowing aims to smooth the sharp corners which result from hard clipping

• In the peak windowing algorithm, clipping is implemented by multiplying the original

signal in the region of the peak with a windowing function such as Kaiser, Gaussian and

Hamming.

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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ACP-EVM Performance Trade-off Using CFR

Example: CFR

using clipping &

filtering

If ACPR fails the

3GPP spec.,

applying CFR can

give a few dB

improvement,

enough to pass

or provide some

margin but EVM

will increase.

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

87

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Page

Where do ET, DPD and CFR apply?

ET DPD CFR

WLAN Exploring/Verification

(Mainly in R&D)

Access Point (AP) and

Station (STA)

Access Point (AP) and

Station (STA)

Cellular UE BTS (normally complicated

with real-time feedback)

UE (normally pen-loop)

BTS

Benefit Save Power

Improve linearity

Improve Linearity Improve linearity

(PAPR)

88PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

Page 88: 5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution · PDF file5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E 4G 3G 5G 100X Energy

Page行動裝置省電技術與測試

– Envelope Tracking

– Digital Pre-Distortion

– Crest Factor Reduction

– Keysight PA Test Solution

89

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

Page

Keysight Power Amplifier Bench-top and PXI Solution

Common Measurement Science

Bench top

Ideal for R&D / Interactive DVT

Modular

Ideal for Automated DVT / Production

• Min. investment for bench-top install base

• Wideband solution support w/ AWG+PSG

• Front panel maximizes measurement insight

• Asset portability

• Optimized for test throughput

• Smaller footprint

• Reference Solution Software.

• Controls the programming DC Power and DUT

Design &

DevelopmentDVT Production

ModularBench top

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

90

Envelope

RF

DUT

N7614B Signal

Studio for PA Test

Timing

Alignment

X-Series

Measurement

Applications

N6700B with N6782A (1 to 4)

4 channel SMU

ETP

A

Data

N7614B

API

Ref Solution

SW

PXIe VSG / PXIe VSA/AWG/VNA

ETPS

ETPA

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Keysight Common Measurement Science N7614B

91

Easy exploration of PA performance improvement techniques using N7614B

1: RF waveform

selection

3: Shaping table

selection, time alignment

4: DPD algorithms &

coefficient export

5: ETPS

configuration

7: Standard

RF analysis

6: Output power

servo control

2: CFR technique &

parameter selection

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies92

X-Series Signal Generator

33600/33500 series AWG

Envelope

RF

ETPS

ETPA

TriggerTiming

Alignment

N6705B DC Power Analyzer

I/Q Waveforms:

• Pre-loaded waveforms

• Signal Studio

• User-defined waveforms

(Matlab, CSV/TXT, BIN)

PA Technologies

Envelope Tracking: Opt. EFP

Digital Pre-Distortion: Opt. FFP

Crest Factor Reduction

Measurement View:

• Distortion: AM-AM, AM-PM

• Spectrum: channel power, ACP

• CCDF

• Delta EVM; Demod EVM vs. Power

Closed Loop Operation

N7614B

Signal Studio

for PA Test

quickly explore the

comprehensive

interactions

between the PA and

non-linear

correction

techniques like

envelope tracking

and digital pre-

distortion

RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPD Bench-top Solution for Design, Development and DVT

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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Accelerate the

measurement

speed for LUT

based DPD and

shaping table effect

for ET with real-time

solution

RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPD Dual-MXG Solution for Design, Development and DVT Acceleration

X-Series RF Signal Generator

Envelope

RF

ETPS

ETPA

EVENT1

Timing

Alignment

N6705B DC Power Analyzer

Closed Loop Operation

N7614B

Signal Studio

for PA Test X-Series Envelope

Signal Generator

Pattern

Trigger In1

PA Test

• Can apply LUT based DPD in

real-time

• Can apply shaping table for ET in

either ARB or real-time

Two MXGs

• For ET, one is used as RF generator and

one is used as envelope generator

• Speed is faster than the one MXG plus

one AWG

• 660 option is needed for real-time MXGs

Measurement View: • Distortion: AM-AM, AM-PM

• Spectrum: channel power, ACP

• CCDF

• Delta EVM

• Dynamic EVM (for WLAN)

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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Page

RF Power Amplifier Test - Wideband DPD SolutionAXI Solution for Design, Development and DVT

M8190A AWG + E8267D PSG

RF

DUT

N7614B Signal Studio

Or Customer DPD

N9040A UXA Signal Analyzer

PA

𝐼 𝐼 𝑄𝑄

Wideband IQ Inputs (PSG Rear Panel)

Wideband PA Test Use Case

• DPD support only

• For wideband signal, such as

80MHz or 160MHz WLAN

• For wideband LTE BTS PA Test

Wideband signal Analysis

• the required bandwidth depends

on customers’ DPD algorithms

• UXA support up to 510 MHz

• Support I/Q data capture

• 89600B VSA may be needed for

demodulation

Wideband Signal Generation

• Up to 2GHz bandwidth

• Automatic calibration including spectrum

flatness and IQ imbalance.

• Automatic or manual adjustment

Wideband DPD solution

for PA Test enabling by

WLAN and LTE

applications

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

94

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RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPDPXI Solution for Automated test in DVT and Production

95

Envelope

RF

ETPS

DUT

N7614B Signal Studio’s

Envelope Tracking/DPD

Timing

Alignment

X-Series Measurement

Applications

N6700B with N6782A (1 to 4)

4 channel SMU

HW System Control

(IVI Drivers)

• Power & Spectrum

Measurements

• Waveform &

Envelope Download

• IQ Data Upload

ETPA

PXIe VSG/PXIe VSA/AWG/VNA

Data

N7614B

API

Ref Solution SW

PXI based solution is

targeting for high-

throughput, automated

measurements with

CFR/ET/DPD algorithm

from N7614B

PA ET and DPD

and Test Solution

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Page行動裝置省電技術與測試

– Envelope Tracking

– Digital Pre-Distortion

– Crest Factor Reduction

– Keysight PA Test Solution

– N7614B Signal Studio for PA Test Introduction and

Example

96

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Page

PC installed with

N7614B signal studio

RF Signal Generator

(N5182B or N5172B)

Signal Analyzer

(PXA/MXA/EXA)

RF Out

RF In

PA as DUT

EVENT 1

TRIGGER1

IN

LAN/GPIB

LAN/GPIB

Envelope Signal Generator

(33522B or 33622A)

ETPS

LAN/GPIB

10 MHz

Ref Out

10 MHz

Ref In

Sync

Pattern

Trigger In

VETP

VETN

Ch1 out

VETPS_OUT

Vcc

ETPA

Ch2 out

10 MHz

Ref Out

10 MHz

Ref In

DC Power

Timing Alignment

Required

PA ET/ET+DPD Test System Connection Diagramwith Bench-top Instruments and N7614B SW

PA Test Seminar

7/3/2014

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Page

N7614B GUI – Block Diagram View

I/Q Waveforms:

• Free Pre-loaded waveform

• Signal studio waveform

• User-defined waveform

• CFR (Crest Factor

Reduction) Processing

Envelope Tracking: Opt. EFP

• Shaping Table Input

• ETPS and ETPA settings

• Automatic or manual time

alignment

Digital Pre-Distortion: Opt. FFP

• User-defined Look-Up Table

• Close-Loop DPD: LUT,

Volterra Series or polynomial

• Export DPD model

ETPS settings:

• ETPS Gain

• Vcc Offset

• Vcm setting

• Vcc clipping/Min./Max.

Instrument settings:

• LAN or GPIB connection

• RF generator settings

• Envelope generator settings

• Signal analyzer settings

PA settings:

• Loss in, Loss out

• Specify PA Input /output

power

• Power servo mode

• Power sweep mode

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Page

N7614B GUI - Measurement View

AM/AM AM/PM

ACPR EVM vs. Power

Red: signal with ET only

Green: signal with both ET and DPD

Measurement View:

Distortion measurement

• AM-AM

• AM-PM

• CCDF

Spectrum measurement

• Channel power

• ACP

Mod quality meas.

• Delta EVM

• Dynamic EVM

• Demod EVM

(need XA option)

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ET+DPD Measurement Example: AM-AM/AM-PM

Fixed DC Supply AM/AM, AM/PM ET+DPD: AM/AM, AM/PM

Signal: LTE 5 MHz Full RB with QPSK Red: signal with ET only

Green: signal with both ET and DPD

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

ET+DPD Measurement Example: ACPR

Fixed DC Supply ACPR: -36 dBc

ET Only ACPR: -40 dBc

ET+DPD ACPR: -62 dBc

Signal: LTE 5 MHz Full RB with QPSK

26 dB ACP improvement

with ET+DPD

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Delta EVM – Independent from any standard specification

RF envelope

voltage

Instantaneous error

“Delta EVM”

• Delta EVM shows the difference between the wanted

signal and the measured waveform

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Page

N7614B Signal Studio for PA TestET/ET+DPD Test Results (Example Result only)

Measurement

LTE 5MHz FullRB w/ QPSK

Average

Power

(mA)

ACP

(dB)

Delta EVM

(%)

Demod EVM

(%)

Waveform 360 -36 3.58% 1.88%

ET only(With Shaping Table)

240 -40 2.22% 1.34%

ET +DPD(DPD Volterra, Iteration=2)

240 -62 0.46% 0.23%

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PageAgenda

前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀

5G關鍵技術與測試方案

新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5

802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay

LTE-A pro 發展與測試

行動裝置省電技術與測試

封包追蹤放大器

行動裝置耗電驗證

行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術

克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰

前瞻裝置技術論壇 104

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PageAgenda

MIPI 實體層測試

C-PHY

D-PHY

M-PHY

(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明

DDR4 Testing

DDR5 update

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C-PHY Three Data Lane PHY Configuration

– Data-rate completely agile, no discrete operating frequencies, continous range

– Embeddeded / encoded clocking

– RX testing is basically stressed eye testing

(eye closure mainly due to ISI and DCD caused by A,B, C – skew and Tr, Tf differences )

C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module

C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module

C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module

C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module

C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module

C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module

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C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0

Keysight has proposed to using 2 port S-Parameter as test

reference channel for C-PHY.

TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.

Original measurement Adding reference channel TX eye diagram test

Concern 1

C-PHY TX eye diagram test/ RX jitter test required to imply reference

channel that needs 6 port S-parameter to test but none of scope can

support 6 port s-parameter directly.

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C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0

Concern 2

Current CTS can not promise, TX eye diagram test result and RX jitter

calibration method is same so that both test will be correlated

between. Because oscilloscope can’t make one eye diagram for 3

VAB, VBC, VCA waveforms, which will be required for RX jitter

calibration.

TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.

Which eye diagram to use

RX jitter calibration?

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C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0

Keysight will use/propose combined one eye diagram for eye mask

test.

TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.

3 single VA,VB, VC

Makes differential

VAB, VBC, VCA

Based on differential

Signals generate clock

Stich VAB, VBC, VCA

As one long signal

Also stich generated

clock signal

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Combined 3 waveforms to 1 eye diagramTest results

Result show

that eye

shape is not

same

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PageAgenda

MIPI 實體層測試

C-PHY

D-PHY

M-PHY

(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明

DDR4 Testing

DDR5 update

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D-PHY specification 2.0 CTS1.0

– RTB issue, current Reference termination Board is not fit to test over

1.5Gbps, due to LP to HS switching speed.

– Unless UNH-IOL or other vendor provide new RTB, test result will be

impacted by this limitation

Concern 1. Higher speed - TX

4.5Gbps signal measure from RTB,

added STD channel

4.5Gbps original signal, added STD channel

Start in consideration on direct connection or Active

termination adopter, RTB will used for Global parameter

test only

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D-PHY CTS 2.0 considerationConcern 2. Eye diagram test - TX

– Eye diagram test will be performed after passing reference channel while

applying TX EQ(de-emphasis), Keysight will provide reference channel as

S-parameter model so do not need to change probing due to reference

channel.

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D-PHY CTS 2.0 considerationConcern 2. Eye diagram test - TX

– Do we need to consider moving eye diagram?

– D-PHY specification 1.2 support SKEW calibration, but Oscilloscope

does not support this feature. So if there has inter skew between

clock and data, eye mask can be violated due to inter skew which

can be compensated by skew calibration in real environmental.

CLK

Data

Inter skew

Keysight will add to finding optimal

Eye position within +/-0.2UI range

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PageAgenda

MIPI 實體層測試

C-PHY

D-PHY

M-PHY

(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明

DDR4 Testing

DDR5 update

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M-PHY Physical LayerHigh Speed and Low Speed Modes

– High Speed NRZ (HS) and Lower Speed (LS) modes

• Common LS mode: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

– Always differential and 8b/10b coded

– High and low voltage swing operations

– Terminated (100 ohm) or not terminated operation

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M-PHY 4.1 CTS consideration

M-PHY CTLE USB 3.1 Gen2 CTLE

CTLE shape is looks like USB3.1 Gen2 CTLE but equation is totally different

How we can get similar shape?

Concern 1, wrong spec

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M-PHY 4.1 CTS consideration

M-PHY CTLE USB 3.1 Gen2 CTLE

Concern 1, wrong spec

USB 3.1 Gen2

use Aac value

to limiting boost

effect(peaking)Okay, MIPI

also has

Vac. But

where in

equation?

?

Equation has Vdc,

Wpz, Wp1 and

Wp2 as variable.

Where is fp1?

?

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MIPI Technology Industry Roadmap

Q3 2016 Q4 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017

M-PHY

D-PHY

C-PHY

Others

*Roadmap based on fiscal quarters Industry spec drop

Keysight scope solution (Tx)

D-PHY

2.0

M-PHY v 4.0

compliance

D-PHY v2.0

compliance

Keysight receiver solution (Rx)

C-PHY 1.2

(M8085A)

D-PHY 2.0

(M8085A)

Keysight protocol solution (P)

C-PHY v1.2

compliance

D-PHY 2.0 Pre

compliance

M-PHY

4.0

C-PHY

1.2

C-PHY v1.0

compliance

I3C protocol

Phase 1I3C protocol

Phase 2

C-PHY

protocolSPMI 2.0

protocol

I3C v0.8

D-PHY

1.2 CTS

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MIPI All TX

Keysight MIPI Physical Testing solution

~2013/2014 2016 ~2015

M-PHY RX

D-PHY RX

C-PHY RX

J-BERT N4903B

ParBERT 81250

J-BERT M8020A

AWG M8190A

AWG M8190A

J-BERT M8020A

AWG M8195A

AWG M8195A

S, V, Z series scopeS, V, Z series scope9K/90K/90KX

series scope

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PageAgenda

MIPI 實體層測試

C-PHY

D-PHY

M-PHY

(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明

DDR4 Testing

DDR5 update

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Measuring The DDR4 Eye (tDIVW and vDIVW)DDR4 Measured Eye Diagram

Use the smallest observed timing or voltage margin

Test supported with

N6462A DDR4

compliance app

• Clock Tests

• Electrical

• Timing

• Eye diagram

DDR4 Speed grades:

1600, 1866, 2133, 2400,

2666, 3200 MT/s (as per

JESD79-4)

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Mask Voltage Position - Vcent

1. Find the widest part of the eye for each DQ

2. Select the highest and lowest eyes

3. Vcent = Midpoint (all DQ eyes) = Average(highest, lowest)

Vcent

• LPDDR4 Vref is an internal signal – not visible during system operation• Vref can driven out DQ pins only when DRAM is in special test mode

• Vcent = estimate of the internal Vref derived from DQ eyes

Vcent necessary to enable in-system measurements

How to determine Vcent:

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Connect Acquire View & Analyze

DDR4 / LPDDR4 Insight with a Logic Analyzer

Mid-Bus &

specialty Probing

Memory Analysis SW

Listing with Decoders

Traffic Overview

Protocol Compliance

across Speed changes

Performance Analysis

WaveformsBus Level Signal

Integrity Insight

Capture highest data rates! Address and command for DDR4

or LPDDR4 up to 5000 Mb/sData up to 4000 Mb/s

Capture smallest eyes!100mV x 100ps at probe point.

Sequential Triggers up to 2.5GHz or 4000 Mb/s!

12.5GHz Timing Zoom 256k deep

Up to 400M deep traces

DIMM

SODIMM

Interposers

U4164A Logic Analyzer

Module

B4661A Memory

Analysis SW

New

New

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Key User Requirements

– Maximum visibility of simultaneous R/W traffic capture for DDR4 and LPDDR4

– Higher speed timing mode

– Deeper captures

– Continuous state mode capture through resets and clock off periods.

Addressed by new features of U4164A

• U4164A has new comparator that enables single point probing, relaxing routing constraints and decreasing probe

loading.

• U4164A has new ¼ channel 10GHz timing mode with SW deskew. (2 x U4154B)

• U4164A has twice the memory depth option of U4154B, with 400M option

• 400M option in State modes and full channel Timing, 800M in half channel timing mode and 1.6G in ¼ channel timing

mode.

• U4164A has new clock hysteresis to improve state capture through clock tri-state events.

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PageAgenda

MIPI 實體層測試

C-PHY

D-PHY

M-PHY

(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明

DDR4 Testing

DDR5 update

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What’s new in DDR5 proposed spec?

1. Speed bin: up to 6.4GT/s

2. New Tx jitter specs (defined separately for DQ and DQS)

3. DFE for Data Buffer

Testing requirements may add:

1. Jitter characterization on DRAM, Host and Buffer

2. Equalization for unmatched DQ/DQS at Receiver

3. More accurate simulation models to optimize system margin

Source: Intel DDR5 Technical Review

EZJIT Complete Jitter

Decomposition Software

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PageQuestions?

Thank you!