5e: Asexual Reproduction &

5f: Cloning• Describe the 5 types of asexual reproduction and give

examples• List advantages and disadvantages of reproducing asexually• Describe the process of reproductive cloning• Describe the process of therapeutic cloning

Reproduction – the process of generating offspring

Sexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction requiring genetic input from two parents. Produces genetically unique offspring

Asexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction where a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and the parent.

Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Advantages

Able to produce large numbers of offspring quickly

Large colonies can outcompete other organisms and increase chances of species survival

No energy required to find a suitable mate

Disadvantages

Offspring are identical so a single negative mutation can wipe out an entire population

No variation in population so entire colony can be killed by bad conditions

Many offspring close together may compete for food/resources

Use text pages 168-174 to fill out the “Five Types of Asexual Reproduction” chart

1. BINARY FISSION2. BUDDING3. FRAGMENTATION4. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION5. SPORE FORMATION

Types of Asexual Reproduction

A clone is an identical genetic copy of the parent organism

Human assisted cloning falls into two categories Reproductive Cloning Therapeutic Cloning

Cloning

Making an entire organism that is genetically identical to the parent.

Purpose: Make a duplicate of an existing organism with desirable characteristics.

Reproductive Cloning

Tadpole – 1953 Fish - 1963 Mice -1986 Sheep -1995 Monkey -2000 Pig -2000 Guar -2001 Cow -2001 Cat -2001 Rat -2003

Mule -2003 Horse -2003 Dog -2005 Wolf -2005 Water buffalo -2009 Ibex -2009 (extinct) Camel -2009 Goat -2012

What have we cloned?

Requirements: Somatic (body) cell from organism to be cloned Donor egg cell with nucleus removed Surrogate mother to carry and deliver the clone

Process: Fuse somatic cell with the donor egg cell (nucleus

removed) Implant egg into surrogate mother Clone develops in surrogate and is born

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/

Reproductive Cloning Procedure

Dolly the Sheep – First mammal clone from an adult cell (1995)

Science – we clone because we can Create animal models of disease – Purposefully

create many animals with the same genetic mutations for testing possible treatments

Revive endangered or extinct species – Jurrasic park

Reproducing a pet – For $50,000 - $100,00 you can clone your pet when they die.

Cloning livestock with desirable traits – Fast, milky or meaty

Drug production – Genetically engineer drug or protein producing organisms then clone

Why reproductive cloning?

Using stem cells to replace damaged cells or grow new organs or tissues

Purpose: Correct health problems by producing specialized tissues and organs that are a perfect match for transplant.

Stem Cells: Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells. Found in bone marrow and embryos

Therapeutic Cloning

Requirements: Cell from patient Donor egg cell with nucleus removed

Process Nucleus from the patient is implanted into

donor egg cell and an embryo begins to develop

Stem cells are removed from the embryo and are grown into the required tissue or organ

New tissue or organ is transplanted into the patient

Therapeutic Cloning

Therapeutic Cloning