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Transcript of 56996798 Oracle BI EE Architecture Deploymentv3
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An Oracle White PaperMay 2011
Oracle BI EE Architectural Deployment:Capacity Planning
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Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3Oracle BI EE Components .............................................................................................. 4Oracle BI EE Server Environment ................................................................................... 4
BI Sizing Assumptions .............................................................................................. 4
1) Small Size Oracle BI EE implementation .............................................................. 62) Medium Size Oracle BI EE implementation .......................................................... 63) Large Size Oracle BI EE implementation ............................................................. 8
Network Requirements .............................................................................................. 10Clustering, Load Balancing, and Fail over in Oracle Business Intelligence ................... 10
Backup and Disaster Recovery .................................................................................. 10Logical Partitioning, Virtualization & HW resources partitioning ................................. 11
Appendix A: Useful metrics to monitor .......................................................................... 12Key BI Metrics......................................................................................................... 12Operating System Server Resources Utilization Statistics ...................................... 12Network data........................................................................................................... 12
Database Server ..................................................................................................... 13Web Servers and Application Server ...................................................................... 13
Appendix B: BI Sizing Spreadsheet .............................................................................. 1511g Sizing Spreadsheet .......................................................................................... 15Concurrent Users .................................................................................................... 15
Appendix C: Processing a Capacity Plan ...................................................................... 17Locate and Resolve Over-Utilized Resources ........................................................ 17Resolve High-Latency Transactions ....................................................................... 17Address Under-Utilized Resources ......................................................................... 18Final Analysis.......................................................................................................... 18REFERENCE:......................................................................................................... 19
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Oracle BI EE Architectural Deployment: CapacityPlanning
Introduction
The objective of this paper is providing performance sizing information for Oracle Business IntelligenceEnterprise Edition (OBIEE) 11g (11.1.1.5+).
Business Intelligence (BI) Systems are usually complex and read intensive. Performance in a BI system ismeasured in a number of areas; the response time navigating from reports, to and from dashboards, andphysical query response time. User-centric BI has moved information systems from the hands ofdevelopers into the hands of the masses making BI a mission critical system where reliability, availabilityand serviceability are the only consideration in capacity planning.In general there are two forms of capacity planning:
Performance Sizing (Pre-configuration/Pre-Installation)
Deployment (Post-configuration)
Performance sizing or pre-configuration capacity planning, involves determining the hardware required toprocess a given workload. A reliable benchmark is used as the baseline for a given workload on asystem. This produces performance statistics that display expected results of the workloads impact on asystem on the same or similar hardware.
Deployment capacity planning is a complex and ongoing performance study of hardware and softwareresource consumption on a deployed system. These studies are primarily established to provide capacitydata to the system administrator, DBA, and other stakeholders about the utilization of the system.
There are a number of factors that impacts performance in a BI system. Those areas include:
Physical hardware Database Performance Network Database and BI model BI system configuration Application Server Performance Deployment architecture and topology
The performance test that BI sizing is based upon tries to represent a customer scenario where the userpopulation is divided between administrative users and business users. The typical workload scenariosdemonstrate 95% of business users viewing reports and navigating within dashboards. The remaining 5%of the concurrent users are categorized as administrative users or users performing applicationdevelopment. The mix of reports include varying business user roles utilizing a mix of dashboards, charts,tables, drill-downs, and pivot tables that return a number of rows (anywhere from 5-500) of aggregateddata. Administrative users include users performing concurrent application development and ad-hocreporting; i.e. navigating catalogs, creating new reports, modifying existing reports, and saving reports.Sizing will take into consideration the user population, concurrent users, users using formatted reports,and Scorecard.
The primary purpose of this paper is to present the OBIEE 11g Sizing Spreadsheet from pre-installationcapacity planning perspective. This paper will introduce topics that impacts performance with pointers tothe BI documentation where more detailed information is available. Finally, the paper will provide
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architectural examples of small, medium, and large BI systems for the purpose of demonstrating how a BISystem could be deployed.
Oracle BI EE Components
The Oracle Business Intelligence components consist of:
Oracle Business Intelligence Presentation Serviceso Ad-hoc query and reporting, highly interactive dashboards for accessing business
intelligence and applications Oracle Business Intelligence Server
o Common enterprise business model and abstraction layer Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher
o Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher generates highly-formatted, pixel-perfectenterprise reports
Oracle Business Intelligence Javahosto The Oracle Business Intelligence Javahost provides services to BI Presentation Services
for Charts, Gauges and PDFs. Fusion Middleware Control
o Fusion Middleware Control is the browser-based management tool used to manage,
monitoring, and configure Oracle Business Intelligence components
Oracle BI EE Server Environment
Hardware resources have an impact on the overall deployment and performance optimization and sizingof the Oracle BI EE environment. The following section discusses some of the key HW characteristics thatshould be correctly measured and sized:
CPU/CoresHardware vendors are required to list the following in the category of Number of CPUs:
Chips Cores Cores/Chip
For example: 1 Intel Xeon E5620, Quad-Core, 2.40 GHz configured as part of the Sun X2270 M2.
A core is the equivalent to a CPU. Modern Server processors include 1 CPU that may include 2 or morecores.
MultithreadingProcessors also have the ability to run multiple threads per core which results in performance gains.
Clock SpeedMore powerful and modern CPUs support higher workloads. This correlates to the amount of memory in asystem which increases the amount of memory linearly.
As an example a machine with 2CPUs/4Core @ 2.8GHz and 16GB RAM would provide higher capacity
and utilization that a dual processor system.
BI Sizing Assumptions
This section contains BI Sizing assumptions to consider when using data based on the BI SizingSpreadsheet.See Appendix BThe Small, Medium, and Large Architectures are also based on this
information.
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The users that place a load the OBIEE system are those who are actually performing processing. These
users are termed concurrent users. The number of concurrent users is based on the total named userpopulation and determining a percentage of concurrent users:
Total named users
This is the complete user population that will be utilizing the targeted hardware
Concurrent users
This is the maximum percent of users in the total user population that will be active at anyone time
We do not calculate active usersor users logged into the system not actively demanding
system resources.
Deploying SSL will have a level of overhead on the overall performance
Formatting of reports has overhead on the system verse executing HTML based reports only (i.e.Dashboards)
In the case of single core chips, the recommendation is to deploy a minimum of 2 CPU's giventhe contention of all the OBI EE processes. For modern multi-core chips one CPU can berecommend, however, 1CPU should NOT be recommended for single-core chips
Note: Multi-Core CPUs are replacing single and dual core CPUs in Server applicationsmaking the availability of those processors rare in newer Servers.
The hardware assumptions are based on capacity of the Oracle BI EE components only and NOTthe database. Recommended sizing for Essbase can be found in Chapter 4 of the following
documentation:http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/epm_install_start_here_11121.pdf
Upgrading the hardware of the Oracle BI EE environment will not necessarily make queries run
faster. Good query performance generally assumes good DB design and/or aggregationstrategies.
Scaling scenarios are performed against a chipset verses the operating system environment. As
an example for an Intel P4 we size similarly for both Windows and Linux. This sizing datarepresents Windows and Linux.
User concurrency varies over the lifecycle of the deployment and is impacted by many factors. As a BI
environment becomes more mature the system can grow from being low named users with a highpercentage of concurrent users to higher named users and lower concurrency yet demanding morehardware capacity. Initial sizing helps in determining what is required and how to process demand over
time.
To determine the BI capacity requirements, collect the following information:
BI users (Reporting, Dashboards, etc)
The number of BI users you expect to have, and when you expect them to use OBIEE.
Infrastructure, and Architecture complexity (SSL, BIP, etc)
Assess the complexity of the processing that users will demand of BI and the design ofthe architecture and infrastructure.
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/epm_install_start_here_11121.pdfhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/epm_install_start_here_11121.pdfhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/epm_install_start_here_11121.pdf -
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Capacity planning is an ongoing process. After deploying and implementing OBIEE the systems needs to
be monitored to ensure the performance expectations are met.
It is worth noting that sizing guidelines for the small, medium, and large implementation are for OBIEE components only
and not for typicalimplementation which could include BI Applications or other Oracle technology.
1) Small Size Oracle BI EE implementation
The estimated hardware for a small sized Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Editionimplementation can be utilized for a wide range of concurrent users. For a typicalimplementation theestimated HW specifications required to support 100-200 total and 10-20 concurrent users couldtechnically meet the needs required to support < 3000 total users at 10% concurrency resulting in < 300concurrent users. A small sized system can be characterized as:
x86 CPU 2-4 Cores with the recommended 2GB of RAM per Core < 1200 Concurrent Users
Figure 1: Example HW System Specs Description1. Database Server: (Oracle 11g/IBM DB2/Microsoft SQL Server/Teradata database servers)2. Oracle BI Server OS (ex: Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5)
a. Oracle BI Serverb. Oracle BI Presentation Server
c. Oracle BI Publisherd. Oracle WebLogic Server
3. Web Server (Oracle HTTP Server)4. Identity Management Access Management Server
2) Medium Size Oracle BI EE implementation
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Due to the scalability and performant nature of OBIEE a medium sized implementation covers a widerange and overlaps with the small sized system and large sized systems in regards to the kind ofhardware that can be used to accomplish the business need.
While the HW specifications for a typicalmedium sized OBIEE implementation can support 1000-5000total and 100-500 concurrent users, hardware sizing for medium sized implementations are characterizedas systems between 1200 and 5000 concurrent users:
x86 CPU 4-16 Cores with the recommended 2GB of RAM per Core 1200 5000 Concurrent Users
BI Su i tes Com ponen ts
Exam ple HW Sys tem Specs Descr ip t ion
Figure 2: Medium Configuration displaying clustered BI Server components
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1. Database Server: (Oracle 11g/IBM DB2/Microsoft SQL Server/Teradata database servers)- In amedium sized implementation database clustering and scalability is expected
2. Oracle BI Server OS (ex: Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5) -a. Oracle BI Server (OBIS+n)b. Oracle BI Presentation Server (OBIPS+n)c. Oracle BI Publisherd. Oracle WebLogic Server (WLS+n)
3. Web Server (Oracle HTTP Server + Load Balancer)
4. Identity Management Access Management Server
3) Large Size Oracle BI EE implementation
A large number of concurrent users can be deployed on the typicallarge sized Oracle BI EE system. Theestimated HW for a large sized Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition that is capable ofsupporting 50,000 or more total and 5000 or more concurrent users are as follows:
x86 CPU 16+ Cores with the recommended 2GB of RAM per Core 5000+ Concurrent Users
BI Su i tes Com ponen ts
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Exam ple HW Sys tem Specs Descr ip t ion
Figure 3: Example of Large implementation1. Database Server: (Oracle 11g/IBM DB2/Microsoft SQL Server/Teradata database servers)- In a
medium sized implementation database clustering and scalability is expected2. Oracle BI Server OS (ex: Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5) the overall BI implementation should bedeployed in a highly available configuration. For a large configuration OBIEE is implemented intoan environment where maximum availability architecture (MAA) best practices are in place.
a. Oracle BI Server (OBIS+n)b. Oracle BI Presentation Server (OBIPS+n)c. Oracle BI Publisherd. Oracle WebLogic Server (WLS+n)
3. Web Server (Oracle HTTP Server + Load Balancer)
4. Identity Management Access Management Server
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Network Requirements
It is recommended to deploy the BI servers on a dedicated subnet using > 100 MBPS (1Gbit if possible)to reduce latency between each server.
11g
Pages
HTTP ResponseSize
HTTP ResponseSize with
CompressionCompression
ratio
(Kbytes) (KB) (%)
Dashboard with 3Tables and 3 Charts
297.5 39 86(each table has5~10rows, 3~5 cols)
Dashboard with 1 Table
(25rows , 10 columns) 210 28.5 86Dashboard with 1 LargeTable (300rows , 10columns) 938 79 91
For the compression mentioned above the compression/decompression occurs between the clientbrowser and HTTP server (usually Oracle HTTP Server (based on Apache 2.2)). The compression isperformed by Apache 2.2 which has a compression module. Compression has minimal impact on theCPU of the HTTP server.
Clustering, Load Balancing, and Fail over in Oracle Business Intelligence
This document does not cover methods used to attain and maintain a required capacity, utilization, andavailability. In-depth documentation for Clustering and High Availability can be found in the followingdocuments:
Configuring Business Intelligence for High Availability:http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10106/bi.htm#sthref2545
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/highavail.htm#BABIFFCA
Scaling Your Deployment:http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/cluster.htm#BGBHFCJF
Enterprise Deployment Guide for Oracle BIhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/doc.1111/e15722/toc.htm
Load Balancing HTTP Serverhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E15523_01/core.1111/e12036/install.htm#CBHDDEFJ
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Database Data and Application Data
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10106/bi.htm#sthref2545http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10106/bi.htm#sthref2545http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/highavail.htm#BABIFFCAhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/highavail.htm#BABIFFCAhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/cluster.htm#BGBHFCJFhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/cluster.htm#BGBHFCJFhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/doc.1111/e15722/toc.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/doc.1111/e15722/toc.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E15523_01/core.1111/e12036/install.htm#CBHDDEFJhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E15523_01/core.1111/e12036/install.htm#CBHDDEFJhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E15523_01/core.1111/e12036/install.htm#CBHDDEFJhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/doc.1111/e15722/toc.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/cluster.htm#BGBHFCJFhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/highavail.htm#BABIFFCAhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10106/bi.htm#sthref2545 -
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Backup and Recovery of OBIEE Application data will include configuration data, Metadata repository,Web Catalog and other Application Configuration files. See:http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10105/br_intro.htm#CHDJBDDE
Logical Partitioning, Virtualization & HW resources partitioning
http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/virtualization/index.html
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10105/br_intro.htm#CHDJBDDEhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10105/br_intro.htm#CHDJBDDEhttp://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/virtualization/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/virtualization/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/virtualization/index.htmlhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/core.1111/e10105/br_intro.htm#CHDJBDDE -
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Appendix A: Useful metrics to monitor
The OBIEE documentation contains key metrics and information about monitoring the BI performanceand health:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/querycaching.htm#CHDEJBBE
Key BI Metrics
o Request Processing Time (ms)o SOA Request Processing Time (ms)o Average Query Time (seconds)o Active Sessionso Requests (per minute)o SOA Requests (per minute)o Presentation Server Requests (per second)o Server Queries (per second)o Failed Queries
o Errors Reported (in the last hour)
Operating System Server Resources Utilization Statistics
o % Privileged Time The percentage of time the operating system was busy
o CPU data % Processor Time
The percentage of time the processor was busyo Available memory in Bytes
The amount of free space in memoryo Memory datao Page Faults per sec
The number of page fault per sec.
(Page faults are normal system occurrences that used to retrieve datafrom the disk. If the system needs certain code page and it is in memory,a logical I/O occurs. The data is read from the memory the transactionthat needs data is processed. If the code page or data page is not in thememory, the system performs a physical I/O to read the needed pagefrom the disk. This is accomplished through page faulting.)
o Pages/sec The number of actual pages being moved from disk to memory or back to disk.
Only data pages are written back to disk when they are modified Code pages do not get
modified
Network data
o Current Network bandwidth The current size of the line e.g. 10 Mbps or Gbit
o User Activity Server Sessions The number of user sessions currently going on within the server
o Bytes Received/sec The number of bytes received by this system per second, averaged over the
interval periodo Bytes Sent/sec
The number of bytes sent by this system per second, averaged over time interval
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/querycaching.htm#CHDEJBBEhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/querycaching.htm#CHDEJBBEhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E21764_01/bi.1111/e10541/querycaching.htm#CHDEJBBE -
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o Bytes Total/sec The total number of bytes sent and received by this system per second,
averaged over time interval. It comprises of the sum of Bytes Received/sec andBytes Sent/sec
Database Server
Disk I/O datao % Disk Read Time
The percentage of time that the disk was busy performing a read functiono % Disk Write Time
The percentage of time that the disk was busy performing a write functiono % Disk Time
The percentage of time that the disk was busy performing read or write functionso Avg. Disk Queue Length
The actual disk queue for read and write operationso Disk sec/Read
The average time (in milliseconds) a read operation takes. This time is importantbecause prolonged read and write operation indicate an over utilized disk
o Disk sec/Write
The average time (in milliseconds) a write operation takes. This time is importantbecause prolonged read and write operation indicate an over utilized disk Database Data
o Buffer Cache Hit Ratio The percentage of time that a record was found in cache
o Database User Connections The number of users connected to this database
o Query/sec The number of transactions started for the database
o Percent Log Used The percentage of the log that is used
Web Servers and Application Server
Web Servers
o Request Throughput throughput requests per second and response times in seconds per request
o Current Connections The number of current connections to the Web server
o Connection Attempts/sec shows the number of attempts to connect the Web server
o Anonymous Users count of users that established a connection with the Web Server since service
startedo Total Accesses
information on the total number of hits on the Apache HTTP Servero Total Traffic
information about the total bytes sent and received by the Apache HTTP Servero CPU Load information about the total CPU time consumed by the Apache HTTP Server
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17904_01/core.1111/e10108/http.htm Application Servers
o % Processor Time The percentage of processor time
o Elapsed Time The time, in seconds, that the process instance has been running
o I/O Data Operations
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17904_01/core.1111/e10108/http.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17904_01/core.1111/e10108/http.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17904_01/core.1111/e10108/http.htm -
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The number of read and write operations generated by the process instanceo Request Throughput
throughput requests per second and response times in seconds per requesto Server Response Time
Average response times and request rateshttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12840_01/wls/docs103/perform/
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12840_01/wls/docs103/perform/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12840_01/wls/docs103/perform/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12840_01/wls/docs103/perform/ -
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Appendix B: BI Sizing Spreadsheet
11g Sizing Spreadsheet
The 11g Sizing Spreadsheet as described in theBI Sizing Assumptionssection of this paper.
Figure 4
Concurrent Users
The following table is based on the spreadsheet in figure 4. It is based on the minimalrequirements. The
total named users is set, SSL is not selected, Scorecard analysis is not considered, and user concurrency
is determined to be 10%. The result is the Estimated CPU/CORE required.
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Appendix C: Processing a Capacity Plan
This document does not intend to address actions to resolve production Capacity planning for OBIEE butit does present a generic roadmap:
1. Resolve over-utilized resources.2. Address high-latency transitions.
3. Address under-utilized resources.
4. Present a final analysis.
Locate and Resolve Over-Utilized Resources
In the capacity planning processing over capacity or under utilization can occur when determining thesizing between small to medium and medium to large configurations. In all scenarios the Oracle expertservices team is recommended to provide in depth analysis. During the process some hardwareresources can be recognized as over-utilized. Resource over utilization causes performance issues byplacing unnecessary burdens on the OS to manage resources which in the end impacts the BI Application
performance. In this case it is important to determine the over-utilized resources and address how theproblems can be resolved. Some factors include:
How much the resource is over-utilized
Criticality of the transactions or roles on the over-utilized resource
Expense of adding additional resources
With the monitoring of OBIEE via FMW Control, OS management tools, and other management tools,some changes that might be considered include the following:
Adding new resources to existing servers
o
RAM, CPU, etc Adding new servers and assigning components to them
o Scale out/cluster OBIEE Components
Changing application settings and usage profiles
o Utilize capabilities within OBIEE via the common management framework
A trial and error process may be required to correct over utilization and repeating the process above untilutilization is optimal.
Resolve High-Latency Transactions
During the capacity planning process, system use, design and model design is usually an under-
appreciated aspect of the planning. When planning, it is worthy to note transactions with high latency tobe able to determine the order in which these problems will be addressed. Factors that influence thepriority of a particular latency issue might include the following:
Significance of the transactions to the business
How will users be impacted by high cost transactions and set plans to alleviate impact
Pre-planning to counteract high-latency transactions can include acknowledging the
importance of Report scheduling and user profiling/usage governance
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Resolution of high-latency transactions is a costly portion of capacity planning. Items that can impactlatency include the following for potential changes:
Inquire about network bandwidth and the impact it may have on reducing transaction time
Redistributing application components to other servers
Changing application settings, such as BI caching
Address Under-Utilized Resources
Another key in capacity planning is preparing for the potential of resources that can be identified asunder-utilized. The objective is to prepare for what could be deemed as excess resources that may ormay not impact utilization or transaction latencies.
In many deployments and capacity planning exercises the prospect of under-utilized resources is not theprimary determining factor in the planning. Some items are crucial and impactful when considering thesmall to medium to large implementation without negative impact to the enterprise architecture some ofthose areas include:
Security Availability and Elasticity to handle peak volumes
Future growth and Planned growth
Stability
To plan the optimization of resources at a site, the following should be noted:
Engage Expert Services
Recognize the fine line between a small, medium, and large configurations
The potential for hardware reuse or optimal hardware use exist
To reduce and prevent under-utilized resources the direct path is to reduce the hardware sizing. In thiscase it would be difficult to determine if the overall performance would be impacted beyond an acceptablelevel.
Final Analysis
Whether dealing with a workload based on simple queries with a small dataset to complex queries withenormous datasets, optimal results that start with results obtained from the OBIEE Performance,Scalability and Reliability (PSR) team and ends with Professional Services can provide a scenario wherecapacity planning helps with the following:
Maximize availability
Optimize utilization
Minimize the Total Cost Of Ownership
Maximize Return on Investment
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REFERENCE:
http://www.specbench.org/http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518585http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.htmlhttp://www.spec.org/
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/bi.htm
Oracle BI EE Architectural Deploymnet
Capacity Planning
May 2011
Author:
Contributing Authors:
Oracle Corporation
World Headquarters
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood Shores, CA 94065
U.S.A.
Worldwide Inquiries:
Phone: +1.650.506.7000
Fax: +1.650.506.7200
oracle.com
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Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices.
Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license
and are trademarks or registered t rademarks of SPARC International, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark licensed through X/Open
Company, Ltd. 1010
http://www.specbench.org/http://www.specbench.org/http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518585http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518585http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.htmlhttp://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.htmlhttp://www.spec.org/http://www.spec.org/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/bi.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/bi.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/bi.htmhttp://www.spec.org/http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.htmlhttp://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518585http://www.specbench.org/