Lecture 01

?

System A set of interrelated components working together

toward some common objectives or purposes (B. S. Blanchard & W. J. Fabrycky).

An interacting combination of elements viewed in relation to function (INCOSE)

An integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a stated need or objective (Mil-Std 499B)

A construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone. (Bayhill)

()

System The elements, or parts, can include people,

hardware, software, facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things required to produce systems-level results. The results include system level qualities, properties, characteristics, functions, behavior and performance.

Engineering Discipline for transforming scientific concepts into

cost-effective products through the use of analysis judgment (D. M. Buede).

The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, construction, and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment, and systems (American Heritage Dictionary)

The process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often iterative) in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciencesare applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective (ABET)

()

1930

1880

1950

1850

500 BC

1920

1800

1500

1700

1970

Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem:

Operations Performance Test

Manufacturing Cost Schedule

TrainingSupport Disposal

() Systems Engineering integrates all the

disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation.

Systems Engineering considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs.

()

?

Systems Engineering vs Engineering

life cycle

ScienceDetermines what Is

Component EngineeringDetermines what Can Be

Systems EngineeringDetermines what Should Be

USD 30,000

USD 15,000

FPDS

/

> VDS SDS

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

//(//)

(VDS)

/ (SDS)

/

(CDS)

/ /

PA PR J1SCSIKO

DVM / DVP

DVM / DVP

10,000 30 ?

? 4000 BC 3300 BC 400 BC 300 BC 300 BC 1877 1880

2200

reductionism

mechanism

F. W. Taylor:

The Principles of Scientific Management (by F. W. Taylor, 1911)

1940

expansionism

teleology

The term systems engineering dates back to Bell Telephone Laboratories in the early 1940s. The concepts of systems engineering within Bell

Labs can be traced back to early 1900s.

The need to identify properties of a system as a whole, which in complex engineering projects may greatly differ from the sum of its parts, motivated the Department of Defense, NASA, and related industries.

Hall [1962] defined systems engineering as a function with five phases: 1) system studies or program planning2) exploratory planning, which includes problem

definition, selecting objectives, systems synthesis, systems analysis, selecting the best system, and communicating the results

3) development planning, which repeats phase 2 in more detail

4) studies during development, which includes the development of parts of the system and the integration and testing of these parts

5) current engineering, which is what takes place while the system is operational and being refined

The RAND Corporation was founded in 1946 by the United States Air Force and created systems analysis , which is certainly an important part of systems engineering.

The Department of Defense entered the world of systems engineering in the late 1940s with the initial development of missiles and missile-defense systems.

Paul Fitts addressed the allocation of the systems functions to the physical elements of the system in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

SAGE (1950s) Semi-Automatic Ground Environment

first interactive, digital computer designed for information processing and process control

engineers and scientists playing leading management roles as well as solving research and development problems

Example of the collective management structureMilitaryIndustrialuniversity

Atlas (1950s)

produced the first ICBM involved 18,000 scientists, engineers, and technical

experts in universities and industry 70,000 people from office to factory floor in

twenty-two industries 17 associated contractors and 200 subcontractors

with 200,000 suppliers 500 military officers with technical expertise a mode of management known as systems

engineering emerged and has spread throughout the military and industrial worlds and even into government agencies

(Engineering of Systems)

Engineering of Systems Systems Engineering is concerned with the

engineering of systems Systems Engineering efforts involve:

Systems engineering methods and tools or technologies

Systems process or methodologies Systems management

Systems Management is concerned with strategic level Systems Engineering

Systems process or methodologies

Systems engineering methods and tools or technologies

Systems management

Sys

tem

s E

ngin

eerin

g Te

am

Sys

tem

Pro

duct

or S

ervi

ce

unde

r Dev

elop

men

t

//

Teaching Smart People How to Learn by Chris

101610:00pm 2.5cm12