英語字首字根字尾的秘密
Transcript of 英語字首字根字尾的秘密
(Prefixes) PrefixesExampleamateur, anonymousasocial anechoicanharmonicanarchism a-/an- ==no;without;lack acentricamoralasexual asleepaheadabreasta- ==in;on;at;by;with;to asideabedabloom aloudarightawakea-/an- == awearyannotateannounce abnormalabroadabuseab- ==from;away fromabsorbabaxialabend accustomaccountaccreditac- ==at;to, accompanyacclaimaccomplish adviceadvocateadjoinad- ==to;toward;forward adjustadmixtureadventure af- ==at;to,affrightaffixaffirm ag- ==at;to,aggrandizeaggravateaggrieve amphi- ==amphicaramphibianamphitheatre antecedent antetypeanteportante- ==beforeanteroomantedate antestomach antipathyantifreezeantiwaranti- ==against anti-imperlialistantiageingantitank ap- ==appointappraiseappease ap-/apo- ==apogee() apostasyaphelion () ar- ==at;to,arrangearrectarrear arch- ==1)big;chief. 2)ancientarchbishoparchaeologyarchaic assignassentassortas ==to;forward assimilateassureassociate at- ==at;to,attrapattestattract automationautographautoalarmauto- ==self;personally autocriticismautorotationautobiography befogbefitbelittlebe- ==make or cause to bebefriendbecalmbefool be- ==...,...,...()bepowder...bejewelbecloud be- ==beside...below...before... be- ==befallbespatterbelaud benignbenevolent benefitbene- ==well;good benedictionbenefactionbeneficent bicyclebilateralbimonthlybi- ==two biweeklybicolorbilingual by- ==byroadbyworkbyname circulatecircumnavigate circumspectcircu- ==around circumplanetary circumpolar circumaviate co- ==togethercoactioncooperatecoeducation col- ==togethercollaboration collingual collocate com- ==togethercompatriot combinecommiserate com- ==commovecompresscommemorate con- ==togetherconcolorousconnaturalcontemporary con- ==concludeconfirmconsolidate contradictioncontroversial contraclockwise contra- ==against contra-missile contraposition contraband,cor- ==togethercorrelationcorradiate() correspond, cor- ==correctcorruptcorrugate counterrevolutionary countermeasure countercurrentcounter- ==oppositecountermarch counterattack counterchargede- ==down from deplanedethronederail() de- ==depressdepopulationdevalue de- ==...,...,delimitdenudedepicture de- ==notdenationalizedemilitarize demobilize de- ==desaltdeforestdecontrol dec(a)- ==tendecadedecimaldecathlon deci- ==decigramdecimeterdecilitre demi- ==demigoddemi-fixeddemiwolf di- ==diatomicdisyllabledichromatic dia- ==through;between;acrossdiameterdialoguediagnosis dif- ==1)apart. 2)not;oppositediffluencediffidentdiffuse dislikedisagreediscontinue disorderdisbelievedisproof dishonestdispraisedisappear dis- == disrememberdiscomfortdisability disorganizedisrootdiscourage disrobedisarmdishearten dis- == disburdendiscolordismember dis- == dispartdisseverdisseminationdissectdissolvedistractdis- == dispensedispeldissipate dis- ==di-,dispiritdivorcedigress dysfunction () dysphoniadyspepsiadys- == dyspathydysgenesis dysopsy evaluateelongateestope- == estrangeevanishelaborate ejectemigrateelecte- == emergeeruptevade ef- ==effluenceeffableeffoliation embay()embusembosom em- ==...... emplaneembedembog em- ==.........embalm() embankembar embowempower empurpleem- ==......... embody embitterembrown eco- ==ecologicalecosphereecosystemecocide entrainencageencase enplaneencaveenroll en- ==........ enthroneenshrineenfold enableendangerenlightenen- ==make or cause to be,.........enlargeenrichenslave en- =="..."......enchainenlaceentrap encloseentrustenforceen- ==in,enkindleenwrapenhearten endo- ==endoparasiteendogamy () endogen eugenicaeulogizeemphemismeu- ==good;well;easy euphoniceupepsiaeuthenics exclusive...exposeemit exportexcludeexcavate ex- ==out;out of exitextractexhume ex-presidentex-Nazisex-mayorex- == ex-chancellor ex-premierex-wife ex- ==expurgateexaltexcruciate exo- ==exobiologyexogamyexosphere extrapolitical extraofficial extracurriculum extraordinaryextra-special extralegal extra- == extraprofessional extrasolar extraessential foreheadforecastforeword foretellforeseeforeword forearmforeknowforetime fore- ==ahead foregroundforefatherforerun hecto- ==hectogramhectowatthectoampere hemi-hemispherehemicyclehemicrania hepta- ==(hept-)heptagonheptodeheptahedron hetero- ==heteropolarheterosexualheterodoxy hexa- ==(hex-)hexagonhexodehexameter hologramholography holophone holo- == holocrystallineholohedronholophote homosexualhomograph homotype homopolarhomophone homocentric homo- ==of the samehomothermichomogeneoushomostasis hypercriticalhypertensionhypersensitive hypermilitant hyperslowhypersuspicious hypersexualhyperverbal hyperactive hyper- ==above;excessive;too much hypersonichyperacidhypercorrection hyposensitize... hypodermichypoglossalhypo- == hypothermiahypotensionhypochlorite illegalillogicalilliterateil- ==(l ) illimitableillocal illiberal il- ==(l )illustrate illuminate immigrateinspectingress importimprisonimbibe im- ==(b,p,m)into immission immerge impossibleimmemorial imperfect impoliteimmoralimpassive im- ==(b,p,m) impureimpersonalimbalance impulseimmanacleimpelim- ==(b,p,m).........imbrute imperil impearl inglorious incapableincorrect incomparable incompleteinsensible in- == inhuman injusticeinformal insideinbreakindoor intake inlandinbreathe in- == injectinrush inspiritinflameintrench in- ==...... intoneinvigorateingraft infraredinfrastructure infrasonicinfra- ==below infrahuman infrasound infraorbital intercontinentalinterlayinternational interline interoceanicintergroup inter- ==...... intercityinterject interpersonal interchangeinterviewinteract interweaveinterdependence intermix inter- == intercourseinterconnect intermarryintrapartyintrapersonalintracity intraregionalintradayintracompanyintra- == intracollegiateintra-tradingintracloud introduceintrospectintrovertedintro- ==within introflectionintromitintrovision irregularirresistibleirremovableir- ==(r ) irrelativeirrational irresolute ir- ==(r )irruption irrigate iso- ==isogenisotopeisotherm kilo- ==one thousandkilogramkilometerkiloton macroworldmacroclimatemacroscalemacro- ==big macrocosmmacrochangemacrobian() maltreatmalnutritionmalministration malcontentmalpractice malformation mal- ==wrong malfunction malodourmalediction meta- ==metaphysical metaculturemetamaterialist meta- ==metamorphosis metagenesismetachromatismmicroscopemicroprocessor microcomputer microbiologymicroelement microworld micro- ==small microskirtmicrowavemicroprint milli- ==one thousandthmilliohmmillimetermillilitre milli- ==thousandmillipedemilliennialmillifold mini- ==smallministateminicrisisminiskirtmisusemistakemisfortune misspellmisdoingmisunderstand mis- ==wrong;wrongly;unfavorablemisrule ()misstepmispolicy mono- ==one;alone monarchmonotonousmonodrama multinationalmultilateralmultipartymulti- ==many multi-purpose multilingual multiracial neorealismneonatal neogamistneo- == neolithicneofascism neoimpressionism nonfiction nonhumannonperiodicnon- == nonmetalnonagenonwhite nonsmokernonalignednonaggression non- == nonexistentnonstopnoncooperation noneffectivenonpaymentnonpartynon- == nonsexualnonelasticnonreader octagonoctosyllable() octolateralocta- ==(octo-oct) October() octocentenary octachord omnipresentomnipotentomniformomni- == omnibus omniparityomniscient outburstoutletoutdoor out-partyoutworkouttell out- == outflowoutbreakoutrush outdooutrun... outdistance() outgo...ourbraveoutlive......out- == outactouteat...outnumber out- ==outsizeoutsitoutwear out- ==outrootoutlawoutgas... overstudyoverworkoverload overtalkoverpraiseoveruse over- == overdrinkoverproduction overpay overbridgeoversea overcoatover- == overleapovershoeoverlook over- ==overturnoverthrowoverset paleo- ==paleozoologyPaleolithic paleoclimate Pan-Americanpancosmismpantropical pan- == pantheismpansophicpanchromatic para-partyparamilitarypara-book para- == para-institution parastatal para-governmentpara- ==paralanguageparaprofessional paratyphoid para- ==parasiteparacentral parabiospherepara- ==parachronism paralogismparadox para- ==parabombparadropparapack pen- ==almost (pene-)peninsulapenultimate peneplain penta- ==five the Pentagon () pentathlonpentangular perspectiveperennial pernocationper- == permanentpervadeperambulate perplexpermuteperturbper- == perfervidpercussion persuade per- ==peroxideperacidpermanganate pericentralperiphrasis periluneperi- == perimeterperiderm ()pericarp poly- ==polyclinic polyfunctional polydirectional postthumous postponepostscriptpost- ==after postwarpostgraduate postmeridian prewarpreludepremature prehistoryprepositionpreschool pre- == preconditionpredeparturepreteen 13 prefixpredawnprehuman preexaminationprepayprebuiltpre- == preheatprechoosepredetermine progressprospectprologue prolongprotrudeproject pro- == promotepropelprotraction pro- ==pronounprocuratorprolocutor pro- ==pro-Britishpro-Bolshevik proslavery proto- ==protohumanprototypeprotogenic pseudosciencepseudo-democratic pseudonympseudo- ==false(pseud-) pseudomyopiapseudologypseudography quadri- ==four(quadru-,quadr-) quadruple quadrilateralquadrennial quasi- ==partly;seemingly;not realquasihistorical quasi-official quasi-public quinque- ==(quinqu-)quinquangularquinquennialquinquesection retreat returnrecollect recallreflectretract re- == regressreclaim rebound reprintreproduction rearm rebuiltrebirth reexamination re- == remarryrestartreconsider reactionreverseresistre- == revoltrebel()resent retro- ==back;backward;behindretrograderetrospectretrogress seduceselectsecludese- == segregatesecedesecern semifinalsemiliteratesemiconductorsemi- ==half semiofficialsemimonthlysemi-colony sept- ==(septi-septem-)septangleseptennialseptempartite sex- ==(sexi-)sexanglesexcentenarysexdigitism Sino-AmericanSinomaniaSinologySino- == Sinophile() Sinophobe Sino-Tibetan () step- ==stepfatherstepchild stepbrother() stereo- ==stereosonicstereographstereoproject subwaysubstandard sub-zerosub- == submarine subnormalsubsoil subcontinentsubcollege subsonicsub- == subtropicssubfamily ()subatomic subacidsubacutesubangularsub- == subconical subaridsubsylindrical subheadsubworkersubbranch subcommittee subofficersubarea sub- == subdepartment subeditorsuboffice subcentralsubequalsubadultsub- == subteen subarcticsubequatorial sub- ==subdividesubletsubculture sub- == suboxidesubcarbidesubchloride superspeedsuperconductivitysupersonic supersizedsupersecrecysuperpower super- == supernaturalsupermansuperprofit superstructuresupervisesuperimposesuper- == superstratumsuperaqueoussuperterrene superexitationsuperheatsuperchargesuper- == supercoolsupersensitivesupernutrition supra- ==suprarenalsupramundane supranational surfacesurrealismsurpass surcoatsurmount...surtax sur- == surprint...surroundsurplus sym- ==sympathysymphonysymmetry synacticsynonymsynchronizesyn- == synchronoussyntonysynthesis tetra- ==(tetr)tetracyclinetetrodetetragon transnational transcontinental transnormaltrans- == transpersonal transmarine transfrontier transform...transvest transposition transcodetransmigratetransplant trans- == transship()transporttranslate tri- ==three tripodtriangle()trilogy twi- ==twiformedtwifoldtwiforked ultrasonicultraredultramodernultra- == ultramarineultra-violetultramontane ultra- ==ultra-democracyultrapureultra-left unbindunlockunpackun- == undounbuttonuncap unrealuncomfortable unclearun- == unfriendlyunwelcome unfortunate uncondictionalunmannedunambitiousun- == unfatheredunbodiedunaccented un- ==unjustunofficialunartificial un- ==uncorrectedundecideduncivilized untombunearthunhouseun- ==... unbosomuncageuncase underworld underfoot underlineunder- == undersideunderlayunderwrite... underclothingunderthings underskirtunder- ==() undervestunderpantsunderwear () underproduction underpayunderestimateunder- == undermannedunderdressunderfed under- ==underagentunderkingundersecretary uni- ==one unilateralunifyuniform vice- ==vice-chairmanvice-govrernorvice-consul with- ==withdrawwithstandwithhold (Stem) acu ==sharpacuteacumemacupuncture alti ==highaltitudealtimeterexalt ambula ==walkambulanceambulantambulate ann ==yearanniversaryannualannals anthro ==mananthropoid anthropologyanthroposociologyarch ==rulermonarchanarchismpatriarch aster/astr ==starastrologyastronomyasterisk audi ==hearingaudienceaudibleaudiphone auto ==selfautomationautobiographyautosuggestion bio ==life biologybiographybiocide brevi ==shortbriefbrevityabbreviate capit ==headcapitaldecapitatecapitation ced ==go;move recedeunprecedentedprecede cess ==go;move accessprocess chron ==time chronologychronicsynchronalcide ==kill;cutsuicideinsecticidebactericide confid ==trustconfidentialconfide() cord ==heartaccordanceconcorddiscord cred ==trust;beliefcreditincrediblecredulous cur ==run;move currentexcurseincursion cycl ==circle;wheelbicycletricyclehemicycle dic/dict ==say;speakindicatedictatediction domin ==rule;controldominateindomitable duce/duct ==lead;take introduceinduceconduct equ ==same;equalequalityequivalenceequator faci ==easyfacile facilitate... fact ==make;domanufacturefactorybenefactor fer ==carry;bringferrytransferinterfere fin ==end;limitfinalize...infinitedefine flect/flex ==bendreflectflexiblereflexctor flu ==flowinfluencefluentfluid form ==shape reformconform frag ==breakfragilefragmentfracture gen ==produce generategeneticsgenesis geo ==land;earthgeologygeometrygeocide grad ==go;stepgraduategradualdegrade graph/gram ==write;writingtelegraphprogramdiagram grate/grati ==thanksgratefulgratitude grav ==heavy;seriousgravitygravegravimeter gress ==go;walkprogressaggressivecongress herb ==grassherbal herby humid ==wethumidityhumidify hydr ==water;liquidhydroelectrichydroplanehydrospace ject ==throwejectinjectreject juven ==youngjuvenilerejuvenate ()juvenilia just/jur ==justjustifyjuristjury labor ==worklaboriouscollaborate later ==side;partybilateralunilateralequilateral leg ==lawlegislateillegitimatelegislature literat ==letterliteratureilliteratesemiliterate loc ==place locationallocatelocalism lumi ==light;brightilluminateilluminanceluminary magni ==big;greatmagnificentmagnifymagnitude man(u) ==handmanufacturemanagemanuscript mar ==sea submarinemaritimemariner meter/metri ==measure thermemeteraltimeter mit/miss ==sendemitvomittransmission mort ==deathmortalimmortalpostmortem nomin ==name nominalnominateinnominate nounce ==proclaim pronouncedenounce ortho ==straight;correctorthodoxorthopaedy pater/patr ==fatherpaternalpatriarch ()patricide pathy ==feelingsympathyantipathyempathy ped ==footpedestrainexpedition()pedal pel/pulse ==push;drive expelimpulsedispel pend/pens ==use up;hangexpenseexpendituresuspend phon ==soundheadphonesymphonymicrophone plic =foldduplicate complication implicit port ==carryporterexportpassport pose ==put;place proposedisposeexpose prim ==initial;firstprimaryprimitiveprime psych ==mindpsychologypsychoanalysis punct ==pointpunctuateacupuncturepunctual rupt ==breakcorruptioninterruptbankrupt scop ==see;look atmicroscopicmacroscopic scope ==instrument for observingmicroscopetelescope scribe/script ==write;writing;look at describeprescription sequ ==followconsequencesequencesequel sens/sent ==sense;feelingsentimentalsensitivityconsent simil ==like similaritysimilesimilar sol ==alone solesolitarysoliloquy soph ==wise philosophersophisticatedpansophic spec(t) ==see;look atinspectexpectretrospect suspectprospectrespect spir ==breathe respirationperspireexpire struct ==buildconstructivesuperstructuredestruction stup ==be motionlessstupidstupefystupor sum ==use up;take consumptionassumeresume tain ==holdmaintainattainabstain the(o) ==godtheologytheistatheism thermo ==heatthermometerthermonuclearthermos tract ==drawtractorattractdistract vent ==come adventconventioncontravention verb ==wordverbalhyperverbal vert/vers ==turnconvertversionsubvert vid/vis ==see visioninvisiblevisibility viv ==life vividrevivesurvive voc/vok ==call;voice evokeadvocatevocalist volv ==rollrevolverrevolutionevolve (Suffixes) -able. a. ==inclined to be;likely to be done acceptablereadable()adaptable -age. n. ==the action,result or state ofshortagereportageparentage -al. n. ==the action of,the person ofrefusalproposalapproval criminalrivalarrival -al. a. ==inclined to be;connected with;pertaining tocolonialnaturalpolitical -ed.[] ==1)filled with;having the characteristics of. 2)done by spirited(heated) argument honeyed worddistracted -ee. n. ==one who receivestestee trainee payee -er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. ==doer;device forfighterradarpioneer -ic/ical. a. ==relating to;resemblingscenicgeometricgeographical -ess/ine. n. ==female actressheroinemayoress -ful. a. ==full ofhandfulmouthfulcupful -fy. v. ==make;reinforce intensifypurifyclarify -hood. n. ==condition;state childhoodbrotherhoodbachelorhood-ile. a. ==likely to be hostilefragileversatile -ility. n. ==quality offeasibilityservilitymobility -ing. a. ==having the quality ofdisturbingsurprisingencouraging-ion/ation. n. ==action of;process ofindicationrelaxationperfection -ish. a. ==having the quality ofchildishbookishdevilish -ism. n. ==doctrine;beliefcapitalismadventurismopportunism -ist. n. ==1)believer in. 2)expert ofromanticisteconomistnationalist -istic. a. ==full ofrealisticartistichumanistic -ive. a. ==inclined to;having the quality ofinstructiveoffensiveconstructive -ize. v. ==make or cause to become realizeorganizepopularize finalize...economizeindustrialize -less. a. ==withoutjoblesstirelesscountless -let. n. ==little booklettownlethouselet -like. a. ==having the quality ofchildlikewarlike businesslike -logy/-ology. n. ==study ofsociologyecologymethodology -ment. n. ==1)result of. 2)agency of. 3)state ofimprovementgovernmentdisappointment -ness. n. ==condition or quality of beingeagernesscarelessnessemptiness -ous/-ious. a. having the quality offamous advantageous mysterious -ship. n. ==state offriendshippartnership fellowship -some. a. ==full ofburdensome troublesomelaboursome -ty. n. ==condition of beingsecuritysafetyloyalty -ure. n. ==1)act or fact of. 2)result of beingculturefailureclosure -y. a. ==full ofclumsytrickyhairy