55256765 Cloud Computing Foundation

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Copyright 2009 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Cloud Computing Foundations - 1

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Cloud Computing FoundationsCloud Computing Foundations

Welcome to Cloud Computing Foundation.

The AUDIO portion of this course is supplemental to the material and is not a replacement for the student notes accompanying

this course.EMC recommends downloading the Student Resource Guide from the Supporting Materials tab, and reading the notes in theirentirety.

Copyright 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

These materials may not be copied without EMC's written consent.

EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to changewithout notice.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS IS. EMC CORPORATION MAKES NOREPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THISPUBLICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license.

EMC , EMC, EMC ControlCenter, AdvantEdge, AlphaStor, ApplicationXtender, Avamar, Captiva, Catalog Solution, Celerra,Centera, CentraStar, ClaimPack, ClaimsEditor, ClaimsEditor, Professional, CLARalert, CLARiiON, ClientPak, CodeLink,Connectrix, Co-StandbyServer, Dantz, Direct Matrix Architecture, DiskXtender, DiskXtender 2000, Document Sciences,Documentum, EmailXaminer, EmailXtender, EmailXtract, enVision, eRoom, Event Explorer, FLARE, FormWare, HighRoad,InputAccel,InputAccel Express, Invista, ISIS, Max Retriever, Navisphere, NetWorker, nLayers, OpenScale, PixTools,Powerlink, PowerPath, Rainfinity, RepliStor, ResourcePak, Retrospect, RSA, RSA Secured, RSA Security, SecurID,SecurWorld, Smarts, SnapShotServer, SnapView/IP, SRDF, Symmetrix, TimeFinder, VisualSAN, VSAM-Assist, WebXtender,where information lives, xPression, xPresso, Xtender, Xtender Solutions; and EMC OnCourse, EMC Proven, EMC Snap, EMCStorage Administrator, Acartus, Access Logix, ArchiveXtender, Authentic Problems, Automated Resource Manager, AutoStart,AutoSwap, AVALONidm, C-Clip, Celerra Replicator, CLARevent, Codebook Correlation Technology, Common InformationModel, CopyCross, CopyPoint, DatabaseXtender, Digital Mailroom, Direct Matrix, EDM, E-Lab, eInput, Enginuity, FarPoint,FirstPass, Fortress, Global File Virtualization, Graphic Visualization, InfoMover, Infoscape, MediaStor, MirrorView, Mozy,MozyEnterprise, MozyHome, MozyPro, NetWin, OnAlert, PowerSnap, QuickScan, RepliCare, SafeLine, SAN Advisor, SANCopy, SAN Manager, SDMS, SnapImage, SnapSure, SnapView, StorageScope, SupportMate, SymmAPI, SymmEnabler,Symmetrix DMX, UltraFlex, UltraPoint, UltraScale, Viewlets, VisualSRM are trademarks of EMC Corporation.

All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.


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2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Cloud Computing Foundations - 2

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Define and understand cloud computing, Its types,benefits, and services

Discuss cloud infrastructure and its components

Evaluate the suitability and processes of migrating tocloud

Describe challenges and concerns with the cloudcomputing

Describe EMC positioning and products for cloudcomputing

Explain the prospects of cloud computing

The objectives for this course are shown here. Please take a moment to read them.


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In This Course

This course contains the following modules:

1. Introduction to cloud computing2. Cloud Infrastructure

3. Migration to cloud

4. Concerns and challenges of cloud

5. EMCs role and strategies

6. Future and vision of cloud computing

Additional Information: EMC Atmos: Whiteboard discussion

This course contains 6 modules and a whiteboard discussion on EMC Atmos.

The modules are: Introduction to cloud computing, cloud infrastructure, migration to cloud,cloud concerns and challenges, EMCs role and strategies, and lastly future and vision of cloud

computing.


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Module 1: Introduction to Cloud Computing

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Define cloud computing and cloud offerings Discuss the background of cloud computing

Describe common cloud service models

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas)

Discuss private, public and hybrid cloud

Detail the benefits of cloud computing

The objectives for this module are shown here. Please take a moment to read them.


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Organization Needs New Computing Resources

Keep adding servers, storage,connectivity components, HVACsystems

Increase Data Center (DC) resourceutilization beyond physical limit

CAPEX

Extend virtualization beyond enterprise DC On-demand, self service requesting,

metered

Can hire computing resources from cloudservice provider

Pay-as-you-go (chargeback)

No CAPEX

IT Today With Cloud

Department ADepartment B

Department C

Backup

Storage

iSCSI, NAS, SAN

VMs VMs

ComputeApps &

Department A

Department B

Department C

Archive

Existing Computing PracticesExpand organizations infrastructure

New Generation Computing

Cloud Computing

Increased dependency on online information leads to on-demand, reliable, secured, and speedy

access to petabytes of information, which is further growing exponentially. Businesses must

align themselves to accommodate this astonishing growth much faster than ever, which requires

multi-fold increase in capacity or capability on the fly. The existing computing practices to meet

this demand is invest and expand infrastructure, i.e., keep adding servers, storage and other

necessary elements. The procurement and provisioning of these resources typically take a long

time, which may impact the service levels demanded by the customer. Many organizations

deploy server, storage, and network virtualization in a regional basis, or within a datacenter,

which results in discrete virtual computing environments leveraged by various departments of an

organization across the globe. Virtualization improves resource utilization, however this

advantage can be envisaged only for limited period because of its discrete implementation,

beyond which organizations have to scale up their expenditure to add new resources.

These long standing pain points can be outdated with the emergence of a new computing

technology called cloud computing. Cloud computing brings up a new generation of computing

which enables an organization extend virtualization beyond its enterprise datacenter by

aggregating IT resources scattered across the globe. Location independent virtual image of

aggregated resources can be created and assigned dynamically on-demand with a metering

service to monitor and report resource consumption. Cloud computing allows self service

requesting empowered by fully automated request fulfillment process in the background.

Organizations can build their own cloud by pooling and virtualizing distributed resources, as

well as hiring computing resources from cloud service providers, and pay based on resourceusage such as CPU hours used, amount of data transferred, and gigabytes of data stored.


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What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related

capabilities are provided as a service across the internet to multiple external

customers. - Gartner

A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed infrastructure

capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption.

- Forrester Research

Cloud is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to sharedpool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage,

applications) that can be rapidly provisioned & released with minimal

management effort or service provider interaction.- NIST

The cloud is IT as a Service. Delivered by IT resources that are

independent of location.- 451 Group

Cloud computing is still an evolving model, hence no common definition is available. Although

research and analysts have published their own verdict, they are yet to be standardized. Lets see

what analysts say about cloud computing.

According to 451 Group says: The cloud is IT as a Service, delivered by IT resources that are

independent of location.

Gartner says: Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related

capabilities are provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers.

Forrester defines cloud computing as: A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed

infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption.

According to NIST: Cloud is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to ashared pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, and

applications, that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or

service provider interaction.


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Cloud Offering Examples - 1

Salesforce.com

EMC Mozy, AtmosGoogle App Engine

Amazon EC2, S3

Pay-As-You-Go

Securedonlineba

ckupservice

On-deman

dcomputin

gresource

s

Access

on-dema

nd

Leveragela

testtechnol

ogyTrialonw

idevariet

yof

platform

/infrastruc

ture

I want secured backup of my f iles, so

that I can retrieve from anywhere,

anytime

My organization needs to g row, but

cant spend much to buy new

servers, storage

My organization

want to test a

software, before

investment into it I need a word

processing

application for brief

period to prepare my

documents

My organization

handles critical

customer data,

but secured

storage

infrastructure

is lacking

From business perspective, periodic upgrades of computing resources has become a necessity to

deliver better and faster in the market. You might need to rapidly expand your business, which

may enforce to multiply your organizations capability in terms of adding new servers, storage

devices, network bandwidth etc. Critical business data must be protected and should be available

to the intended user, which requires data security, and disaster recovery infrastructure. As your

capital expenditure rises, the risk associated with the investment too increases. For small and

medium size businesses, this may be a big challenge, which eventually restricts their business to

grow. As an individual, it may not be sensible or affordable every time to purchase new

applications if you need them only for a brief period.


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Cloud Offering Examples - 2

Salesforce.com

EMC Mozy, AtmosGoogle App Engine

Amazon EC2, S3

I want secured backup of my files, so

that I can retrieve from anywhere,

anytime

My organization needs to g row, but

cant spend much to buy new

servers, storage

My organization

want to test a

software, before

investment into it I need a word

processing

application for brief

period to prepare my

documents

Pay-As-You-Go

My organization

handles critical

customer data,

but secured

storage

infrastructure

is lacking

Securedonlineba

ckupservice

On-deman

dcomputin

gresource

s

Access

on-dema

nd

Leveragela

testtechnol

ogyTrialonw

idevariet

yof

platform

/infrastruc

ture

On the contrary to purchase new resources, cloud services are hired based on pay-per-use

without involving any capital expenditures. Cloud service providers offer on-demand network

access to configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, and applications.

You can scale up or down your demand of computing resources with minimal management

effort or service provider interaction. Cloud service providers leverage cloud computing

technology to pool and virtualize distributed computing resources, and provide location

independent virtual image of aggregated resources, such as a virtual server with user specified

hardware configuration, operating system, and applications. At any point in time you may

discontinue a service or may switch to another cloud service. You can leverage cloud service

providers expertise to store, protect, backup, and replicate data empowered by most advanced

technology, which otherwise would cost you more.


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Background of Cloud Computing - 1

Part of grid computing + most of utility computing + more

New paradigm of computing

Cloud Computing

Grid Computing Parallel computing

Clustered node, kept ready to handle distributed workload

Small workload causes unutilized/under-utilized node

Utility Computing Virtualization improves resource utilization and reduces

CAPEX, OPEX

Offer metered service

Historically, cloud computing has evolved through grid and then utility computing.

In grid computing environment, the workload is distributed or transferred to nodes with neededcomputing resources. Usually a chain of nodes, such as servers, are networked to form the grid.

These nodes are typically clustered and are kept ready to handle the distributed workload. Grid

computing enables parallel computing, although its utility is best for large workloads.


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Cloud Computing





CAPEX, OPEX


The emergence of the virtualization technology at storage, servers, and network allows

organizations to offer on-demand, metered service similar to public utility, hence the term utility

computing.

The main benefit of utility computing is capital and operational cost savings. Most datacenters

have underutilized servers, storage networks, and storage, due to over provisioning to handle

peak workload, sudden spike, and projected growth. Utility computing introduces pay only for

what you use models, allowing organizations to hire computing resources when required.


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Cloud Computing





CAPEX, OPEX


Cloud computing has borrowed many concepts of grid computing; however, the computing

resources can be dynamically allocated or upgraded, even at a more granular level based on

workload demand. Additionally, cloud computing can be developed with non-grid

environments, such as a three-tier web architecture running traditional or Web 2.0 applications.

The backbone of cloud computing is utility computing, however, it offers a wider picture. It can

be applied internal to an organization to build its own cloud infrastructure, in addition to utility

services. Cloud provides the opportunity of unlimited scalability, significant cost savings,

internet based access, workload balancing, dynamic and fine granular provisioning, and self

service requesting. It is an emerging technology, but already considered as another generation of

computing, after mainframe, personal computer, client-server computing, and the web.


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Cloud Services

Cloud computing enables cloud services

Characteristics:On-Demand / Self Service

Accessed via the internet

Minimal/no IT skills to implement cloud services

Underlying technology is transparent to the user

Web browser or web service API based access

Dedicated or shared resources

Rapid ElasticityMeasured service

Cloud service offerings classified into three models

SaaS, PaaS, IaaS

Cloud computing enables cloud services such as backup, archive, web e-mail, and word

processing for individual and business. Some of the characteristics of cloud services are listed

on the slide.

A cloud service user can unilaterally provision computing resources when needed, with no

human interaction with a service provider. Cloud services are typically accessed via the Internet.

Cloud service providers off-load all the computational job from cloud users. Cloud users

leverage ready to use services and may need to select service parameters to customize the

services. Cloud implementation details are transparent to the consumers who receive completely

automated response from cloud computing infrastructure. User can access cloud services using a

web browser or web service APIs. A cloud may be dedicated for use to an organization, or

multiple organizations can share common cloud computing resources. Cloud computing allows a

user to scale up, down, out, or back the demand for IT resources rapidly and easily. This elastic

resource provisioning capability often provides a sense of unlimited scalability to the cloud

service user. Cloud computing enables a metered service for billing and chargeback for the

cloud resource accessed. The metered services continuously monitors resource usage such as

CPU time, bandwidth, storage capacity and reports to the cloud service user providing

transparency for both provider and user.

Cloud service offerings can be classified into three models: Software as a Service or SaaS,

Platform as a Service or PaaS, and Infrastructure as a Service or IaaS. We will discuss these

models in subsequent slides.


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Software-as-a-Service ModelTenant 1

Hired Resources

Tenant 2

Application

Web/App Server

Middleware

Databases

OS

Storage

Networking

You pay for the application

Examples:Salesforce.comEMC Mozy (Backup as the service)Google Apps

This slide looks at the Software as a Service (SaaS) model. The capability provided to the

consumer is to use the providers applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The

applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a

web browser. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure

including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application

capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration

settings.

[Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Information Technology

Laboratory ]

To access software as a service, cloud users pay only for the application they use. A few leading

examples of software as a service are Salesforce.com, which provides access to the variousbusiness software to its subscribers, EMC Mozy, which offers secured online backup service to

its clients, and Google Apps, offering email and word processing services.


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Platform-as-a-Service ModelTenant 1

Hired Resources

Tenant 2

Application

Web/App Server

Middleware

Databases

OS

Storage

Networking

Application

You pay for the platformsoftware componentsWeb application environmentDatabasesOS instancesMiddleware

Your applications are built ontop

Examples:Google App EngineMicrosoft AzureForce.com Platform

This slide describes the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model. The capability provided to the

consumer is to deploy consumer-created or acquired applications (created using programming

languages and tools supported by the provider) on the cloud infrastructure. The consumer does

not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating

systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application

hosting environment configurations.


Laboratory ]

For platform as a service, users pay only for the platform software components such as web

application environment, databases, OS instances, and middleware, on top of which applications

are launched. Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, and Force.com are foremost examples ofplatform as a service.


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Infrastructure-as-a-Service ModelTenant 1 Tenant 2

Application

Storage

Networking

Application

Web/AppServer

Web/AppServer

Middleware MiddlewareMiddleware

Databases Databases

OS OS

Hired Resources

You pay for the infrastructurecomponentsStorageNetwork Connectivity

Your OS image and applicationson top

Examples:Amazon EC2EMC Atmos

This slide illustrates the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model. The capability provided to the

consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing

resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include

operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying

cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, deployed applications, and possibly

limited control of select networking components for example host firewalls.


Laboratory ]

To use infrastructure as a service, cloud service user only pays for the infrastructure components,

which include storage and networking resources. Amazon EC2 is an example of infrastructure

as a service. It allows user to build virtual machines and install their software on top of it. EMCAtmos is the first multi-petabyte information management offering, designed to help customers

automatically manage and optimize the delivery of rich, unstructured information across large-

scale global cloud storage environments.


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Types of Cloud Computing - 1

Private Cloud

Public Cloud

Cloud computing can be classified into three deployment models, private, public, and hybrid,

which provide a basis for how cloud infrastructures are constructed and consumed.

In Private Cloud, infrastructure is deployed and operated exclusively for an organization or

enterprise. It may be managed by the organization or by an independent third party and may

exist on-premise or off-premise at a hosting facility.

Public Cloud infrastructure is available to public or many industry groups or customers. It is

owned by the organizations promoting and selling cloud services. This can also be thought of as

an on-demand and a pay-as-you-go environment where there are no on-site infrastructure or

management requirements; however, the environment is no longer within the customers

perimeter.

[Source: NIST]

Popular examples of public clouds include Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Google

Apps, and Salesforce.com.


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Types of Cloud Computing - 2

Hybrid Cloud

+

Hybrid Cloud is a composition of two or more clouds, private and public. Each cloud retains its

unique entities. Clouds may be federated or bound together by technology, enabling data and

application portability. Hybrid cloud is prevalent for several reasons. For example, many

organizations have existing private cloud infrastructure and may need to extend their capability,

or often the benefits of combining both private and public clouds may be a more efficient model

to handle an unexpected surge in the application workload.

[Source: NIST]

Most large organization CIOs are holding off on putting their computing requirements on public

cloud, but leading to develop private cloud. In this case, critical customer data can be restricted

within an organizations private cloud; however management and monitoring applications can

run on public cloud. Customer gets updates from the public cloud and can send queries. Both theclouds remain partitioned from each other, however, together they form a hybrid cloud.


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Cloud Benefits - 1

High availability

Reduced risk

Flexible scaling

No infrastructure management complexity

Increased capability

Improved performance

Lower cost

Let us list and discuss various cloud benefits:

Increased capability: Consumers can leverage cloud service providers expertise forinfrastructure management, backup, disaster recovery, load sharing, data compression, de-

duplication, encryption, and security services.

Improved performance: Performance can be scaled up by distributing CPU intensive tasks to

multiple offsite locations. For example, a sudden surge in the workload during peak season can

be handled by dynamically allocating additional computing resources within the cloud for the

workload.


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Cloud Benefits - 2

High availability

Reduced risk

Flexible scaling




Lower cost

Lower cost: Cloud services can be hired, therefore, cloud consumers can save money as there is

no capital expenditure or CAPEX required. Customers leverage cloud service providers

infrastructure, hence there is no ongoing expenses for running datacenter such as cost of power,

HVAC system, additionally real estate cost can be minimized.

Cloud computing allows companies to only pay for the computing resources they access on a

metered basis. Organizations can curb their operational expenditure, or OPEX, by only using

cloud resources when it is required and terminate the service after their job is done. Cloud

consumers can further reduce their cost by leveraging automated tiered services offered by the

cloud service providers. For example, if your company is using Infrastructure as a Service and

your application workload is not demanding, your application and operating system can be

redirected from using tier 1 to tier 2 storage.

Cloud resources can be shared among multiple consumers or tenants, although mechanisms

built-in the cloud prevents them to know about each others existence. Sharing of resources

further lowers the rent of cloud services.

When running your applications in the cloud, it means you are paying for their staff to service

your business needs. That allows you to redeploy your existing staff to other projects

specifically tied to your business rather than providing a utility service such as e-mail. This also

reduces the time to market.


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Cloud Benefits - 3

High availability

Reduced risk

Flexible scaling




Lower cost

High availability: Cloud computing has the ability to ensure application availability withvarying levels depending on customer policy and priority of the application. Redundant server,

network resources, and storage equipment along with clustered software enables fault tolerance.These techniques encompasses multiple datacenters in different geographic region havingidentical resource configuration and application instances, which prevents data unavailabilitydue to regional failures. Clustered resources are synchronized and user data is replicated so thatcloud service users can be non-disruptively moved to standby resources. Only a virtual view ofdistributed computing resources are provided to the customers, virtual to physical resourcemapping remains hidden to the consumer. Therefore, this movement is transparent to the cloudservice users.

Reduced risk: Another fundamental advantage of cloud is there is no risk of investing largeamount or signing long term agreement. If the project is not viable, you stop paying for it and ifneeded, change the cloud services immediately. Cloud is ideal for test and experimenting withnew software.

Flexible scaling: Cloud can be easily and instantly scaled up and down based on demand. Itappears to the consumers that cloud resources are expandable to infinite limit. Cloud allows selfservice requesting. Cloud service users can independently and automatically scale theircomputing capabilities without any human interaction with cloud service providers.

No infrastructure management complexity: Because cloud resources can be hired, thiseliminates monitoring, provisioning, backup, replication, and maintenance issues.


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Module Summary

Key points covered in this module:

Cloud computing definition and offerings Evolution of cloud computing

Cloud services

SaaS, PaaS, and Iaas model

Types of cloud computing

Private, public and hybrid cloud

Benefits of cloud computing

Appl ication

Web/App Server

Middleware

Databases

OS

Storage

These are the key points covered in this module. Please take a moment to review them.


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Module 2: Cloud Infrastructure


Detail various components of cloud computing Describe cloud infrastructure layers

Explain the series of cloud computing processes toenable a service

Describe cloud storage infrastructure

Describe the steps for storing file to cloud storage



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Cloud Components

Client DevicesUser Access Interface

Back-end

Front-end

Cloud Services(SaaS,PaaS,laaS)

(cloud OS, middleware, securitytool, management tools, loadbalancing tool, metering tool,automation tool)

Cloud Hardware Cloud Software

(server, storage, interconnectivitydevices)

Cloud computing architecture is the unification of modular components to provide cloud

services. These components can be broadly classified as front-end, and back-end. The front-end

includes users computing devices which may be wireless or wired to a LAN and user interfaces

to access cloud offerings. Back-end consists of underlying cloud computing infrastructure

responsible for providing cloud services. A network, typically internet, must exist to connect

front-end and back-end components.

User interface can be web services APIs, specified by cloud providers or web based program,

such as e-mail application, which runs on a standard web browser. Back-end components are

cloud software, hardware, and services.

Cloud hardware includes servers, data storage systems, and interconnectivity devices.

Cloud software encompasses cloud operating system, and middleware. Cloud operating system

enables expansion of the server, storage, and network virtualization beyond physical datacenter

by pooling resources from multiple sites. The resources are aggregated and federated together so

that applications can act on the single pool of resources. Middleware such as messaging tools

facilitates communication among network connected cloud resources. Other software are,

security tools, management tools such as monitoring, provisioning, and disaster recovery tools,

load balancing tool, metering tool, and automation tools which enable self service requesting.

On top of cloud hardware, and software, cloud services such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS are

enabled, cataloged, and published.


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Cloud Infrastructure Layers - 1

ServicesCatalog of available services

Options, parameters

Service Management

User request management

Provisioning, performance tuningMetering

DR/ backup

License managementInformation security management

Aggregation LayerCloud OS, mobility software, middleware (Virtual Image

deployment, workload management, integrated security,high availability), interconnecting devices

Virtualization Layer Virtualization Layer

Servers Storage Netw orkServers Storage Network

This slide looks at the layered appearance of cloud infrastructure.

The bottom layer consists of physical resources, including servers, storage systems, and networkcomponents, which are physical elements of a datacenter. The virtualization layer is used to

create virtual resources and map virtual resources to physical elements of a datacenter. Server,

storage, and network virtualization technologies take pivotal roles to create the virtualization

layer. An organization may have islands of such virtualized resources scattered across the

globe.


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Options, parameters

Service Management



DR/ backup






The aggregation layer extends the virtualization concept beyond physical datacenter by

aggregating virtualized and physical computing resources located at various offsite locations.

Aggregation layer provides a virtual view of resources, as one big resource, or as many little

ones. Aggregated resources form the basis of cloud which is managed centrally as a single pool

of computing resources. All the network communication between distributed resources are

optimized to enable seamless workload distribution and data mobility among the sites. The

mobility and distribution is transparent to the cloud users.

Cloud operating system is responsible for aggregating distributed resources and provides virtual

view of these resources. Mobility tools, and middleware software have key roles in workload

distribution, virtual image to physical resource allocation, integrated security, and failover.


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Options, parameters

Service Management



DR/ backup






The service management layer runs service management software, which automates the user

request fulfillment process by sending instructions to the aggregation layer. This software

enables self-service provisioning and performance tuning, metering such as bandwidth and

storage usage, business continuity policies such as number of replicas for disaster recovery, and

license management. In addition to that, the software has either in-built security mechanism or

the capability to interact with external security services to implement authentication, access

control, and auditing features.

On top of the stack is the services layer, which publishes catalogs of available cloud services for

cloud users. When a service is selected, this layer may provide a list options and parameters

associated to the service. Cloud users may select appropriate options and necessary parameters

to customize a service.


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How Cloud Works - 1Cloud Service Provider

User request (User ID + service

Service Delivery

User interface

Catalog of published services

Options and settings

Cloud Service Userparameters)

Maintain

Cloud

Services

Create

Publish

The model of delivering cloud services can be segregated into two entities: Cloud service user

and cloud service provider. Cloud service providers create, publish, and maintain cloud services.

Cloud service users can be an administrator of the cloud service consumers organization who

requests a service for employees, or an individual. Users can view a catalog of published

services and select necessary options using web browser or web service APIs. When a user

selects or requests a service, user identity information plus selected service parameters are

transferred to the service provider.


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How Cloud Works - 2Cloud Service Provider

Validation of user identity

User request management tools processes userrequest and initiate user request fulfillment

operation

User request management process sends instructionsto the aggregation layer

Aggregation layer creates virtual image by aggregating necessaryphysical resources or uses preconfigured template

Launch user specified application and platform software on virtualimage

(provisioning, performance tuning, monitoring, metering,policy, security)

User request (User ID + service

Service Delivery

User interface

Catalog of published services

Options and settings

Cloud Service Userparameters)

Cloud service providers validate the user identity as part of security services they offer. After

validation, user request management tools process user request and initiate user request

fulfillment operations. A user request management process sends instructions to the aggregation

layer to provision cloud resources for creating virtual image. The service parameters are

implemented while creating a virtual image from distributed physical and virtual resources, and

a user ID is used to set policy for the requested service. A policy can be associated with business

continuity, archiving, resource location, etc. For example, a storage service may be allied with a

policy to create three synchronous replicas and one asynchronous replica at specific locations or

to set a retention period during which data cannot be modified. Otherwise, preconfigured image

templates, maintained by the cloud service providers, are used to assign virtual images.

In addition to this, cloud service providers offer monitoring services so that users can observe

the performance of virtual image they created and may change the settings, if required. Cloud

providers associate metering service to enable pay-as-you-go feature.

Once the virtual image is ready, user specified applications and platform software may be

launched on top of the virtual image. Now the user can leverage the specified service.

Note that, at any time a user can update or terminate the service, depending upon their role and

privilege. Termination of service destroys the image and releases cloud resources.


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Cloud Storage Infrastructure - 1

NAS, iSCSI, SAN

Isolated Virtualized Storage Devices

Aggregation or pooling of Virtual/physical storage devices

Distributed Physical Storage Devices

Cloud storage services are created on top of cloud storage infrastructure, which mostly consists

of elements found in enterprise datacenter. However, these elements are integrated and

provisioned in such that their combined capability can be raised dynamically according to the

need of cloud users.

Aggregation technology enables pooling of virtual or physical storage devices scattered at

various geographic locations using NAS, iSCSI, and SAN protocols. This pool of storage

resources are managed as a single entity which simplifies and facilitates the placement and

tracking of application data among physical storage devices.


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NAS, iSCSI, SAN



Cloud storage functionalities(High scalability and performance, virtual provisioning, securityData protection, de-duplication, encryption, compression, tiering,

Load balancing, replication, backup, archive, chargeback)


Cloud storage service providers typically set up storage infrastructures that can handle large

workloads to ensure sudden demand of storage resources, performance, and availability.

Therefore cloud storage devices must have functionalities like high scalability, high

performance, virtual and automated provisioning, security control and data protection.

Enterprise datacenters also leverage these functionalities; however, they are deployed at mass

scale so that cloud users feels that the storage infrastructure is stretchable to infinite limit.

Other functionalities are de-duplication, encryption, compression, tiered storage service, load

balancing, replication, backup, archiving, and chargeback.


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NAS, iSCSI, SAN



Cloud storage functionalities(High scalability and performance, virtual provisioning, securityData protection, de-duplication, encryption, compression, tiering,


User request management(Policy management, resource management)


User request management process typically runs on a storage service node and receives user

request for creating, updating, and discarding service, as well as for storing data to the cloud

storage. It invokes user request fulfillment processes for policy management and resource

management. These processes pass instructions to the aggregation layer to create suitable virtual

storage devices. Applying a storage services policy for a specific user or application data is a

two step operation:

Step 1: Categorization of the data based on service metadata and user ID

Step 2: Define functionalities for storing data of each category

Resource management process is responsible for optimized data placement, clustering, and

tracking of data locations. Optimization enables faster storage and retrieval of user data. For

example, striping data across all cloud storage drives containing an application data to improve

I/O performance, or data may be read from the same location as the client request or data may

be read from the replica that is the fewest network hops away.


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Cloud user access interface

Cloud storage services interface (NFS/CIFS, SOAP,REST)

NAS, iSCSI, SAN



Application, and platform software/middleware

Exported cloud optimized storage devices (FC, iSCSI)

Cloud storage functionalities(High scalability and performance, virtual provisioning, security

User request management(Policy management, resource management)


Data protection, de-duplication, encryption, compression, tiering,


Cloud storage services interface publishes services offered by the cloud storage provider, allow

user or application to request a service, and export cloud optimized storage devices. Data

coming from user or application are treated as object and a unique object ID is used for object

reference. Applications can leverage exported cloud storage devices when storage service

request is fulfilled. User or application access to the storage services may require NFS or CIFS

connections and web object interface protocols such as HTTPs, SOAP, and REST.


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Storing a File to Cloud Storage - 1

Store and retrieve user data as object

Irrespective of file level, block level, or streaming bits

Object ID is used for reference

Object metadata is used to enforce policies

Object ID is returned to users application

Data retrieved using only object ID, end-to-end

Database maintained to locate physical storage

resources for each object ID

Cloud storage infrastructure stores and retrieves all incoming user data as object, regardless of

file level, block level, or streaming bits of information. For example, an object can be a word

document, pdf file, or a video file; however, they are treated as object stored at the cloud virtual

storage and identified by an object ID. Object descriptors or metadata such as identity of

application or user who has created data, content type of the object, date of creation are also

transferred along with the user data which are used to enforce policies and functionalities for the

object. This object ID is returned to the users applications so that a file can be retrieved using

only object ID end-to-end. Cloud resource management process maintains database for physical

storage resources for each object ID, which speeds up storing, update, and retrieval of user data.


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UserRequest

Management Node

Virtual image of storage

Physical Storage location 1



Cloud Storage

Services Interface

Policy

management

Resource

management

Appl icationWebService

API

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1

Thin Client

2

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4 4

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Storing a File to Cloud Storage - 2

1. Thin client passes file to application

2. Application sends the request and the file tocloud storage using web service protocols suchas SOAP/REST

3. Cloud storage service interface passes the fileand metadata to the user request managementnode

4. User request management process invokespolicy management process and resourcemanagement process to define policy anddetermine layout

5. File is stored as object to virtual image which ismapped to distributed physical resources

6. Object ID is returned to the application throughcloud storage service interface

Lets have a look at the operational steps of storing a file to the cloud storage. Consider that a

user, having a thin device, sends a file to the application server which leverages cloud storage.

Application passes the file to the cloud storage service interface using web service protocols

such as SOAP, or REST. Cloud storage service interface passes the file and the file metadata to

the user request management node. This node runs user request management process which

invokes policy management and resource management processes. Policy management process

analyze the file metadata and define a strategy for storing the file. Based on the strategy,

resource management process determines the layout for storing the file. It communicates with

the aggregation layer technology to create virtual image from the physical storage devices which

may be located at offsite locations depending on the layout determined before. An object ID is

generated for the file and passed to the user request management node, along with the layout

information. User request management node stores the file as objects. Resource managementprocess tracks the physical storage devices for each object ID.

After storing the object, the object ID is returned to the application via cloud storage services

interface.


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Module Summary

Key points covered in this module:

Components of cloud computingFront-end and back-end components

Cloud infrastructure layers

Cloud service request fulfillment procedure

Cloud storage infrastructure

Steps for storing file to cloud storage

These are the key points covered in this module. Please take a moment to review them.


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Module 3: Migration To Cloud


Understand cloud migration consideration Describe process and steps to cloud move

Identify right cloud model for your organization

Discuss private cloud as a preferred choice fororganizations

Understand factors for choosing right application for cloudmove



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Are You Ready For The Cloud??

CIOs/IT Managers seeking move to cloud faces severalquestions:

How do I start with the cloud?

Do I need to re-configure my infrastructure?

Does cloud infrastructure support myapplication?

Is the cloud infrastructure capable of

providing required QoS?

How will I address Change Management and integrationconcerns?

Enterprises are not only looking to get a financial advantage with their first cloud move but also

making a significant learning experience to gradually expand their cloud perspective.

Businesses, determining how to make their first move into the cloud always face a question

How do I start with the cloud? since a risk of introducing immature clouds into an established

system.

Most companies are not ready to abandon their existing IT investments to move all of their

business processes fully to the cloud at once. Instead, it is more likely to be a gradual shift in

business processes to the cloud over time, similar by nature to a perpetual proof of concept. The

reason behind this hesitation is the cloud providers are not offering the same levels of security,

controls, and performance assurances that organizations have on-premise. And there is lack of

sufficient regulatory compliances and policies.


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Migration To Cloud Considerations - 1

Understand How cloud fits to your requirements

Understand current infrastructure and requirements

Application perspective, network perspective and security perspective

Business processes and policies

Consider Risk Vs Convenience profile

Enterprise

SMB

Startup

Individual

Convenience

Risk

Any organization considering a move to the cloud needs to understand and address various

concerns which can make their perceived benefits short-lived. Studies based on experience of

cloud early adopters suggest that moving to the cloud without proper strategy and process does

not make much sense. The most important concern that needs to be evaluated before making a

move to cloud is How cloud computing fits in the context of organizations overall business

strategy. Sometimes a cloud may look great from an application perspective, but may be a

challenge for network administrator in a real time environment, or security may say no to have

data outside of the firewall.

Risk versus convenience is a key consideration for deciding cloud migration strategy. Cloud

benefits are well established, but data may reside outside the organizations perimeter which

involves risk. A balance must be evaluated to determine how much risk an individual or

organization may handle for the sake of convenience. This proportion varies among cloud

consumers, based on they may be segmented into individual, business startup, small and

medium business, and enterprise. Typically, individuals and startup businesses are ready to take

high risk to get most of the convenience offered by a cloud. Compared to that, SMBs and

enterprises are more sensitive to risk and are unlikely to move their tier 1 applications to a

cloud.


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Migration To Cloud Considerations - 2

How to integrate with existing IT system

To ensure desired performance, availability and security

Identify best fit cloud model for your organization

Private or public or hybrid

Plan and strategize your move

Understand impact, risk and benefits

Understand billing model

Another concern is How to integrate cloud computing into existing IT systems and applications

to ensure performance, availability and security. According to analysis, most CIOs and IT

executives cite security as their primary concern to cloud computing. Integrated cloud

computing involves moving sensitive data between the cloud and in-house networks, and effects

the data security.

A decision to move to cloud should be based on the understanding of which cloud computing

model will be most suitable for the organization. We will discuss and identify the best fit cloud

model for different cloud service user in the next slide.

While designing a cloud strategy, organizations need to identify integration requirements for

each process and system and determine the number of simultaneous requests to be handled.

They also need to ensure availability of information, even if the cloud or in-house source goesdown. In other words, enterprises should not consider cloud as an alternative but as an added

architecture that provides more value from IT resources, while preserving enterprise process,

policies, and security.


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What Model Fit for You

Public Cloud

Convenience Outweighs Risk Low Cost or Free Email, eCommerce, Social

Nets, Gaming

Hybrid Cloud

Tier 1 Apps: Private cloud Tier 2-4:

Public cloud for Backup,Archive, testing

Non OLTP Apps

Public Cloud Convenience Outweighs Risk CAPEX VS OPEX Self-Service Back Office, Development, &Production

IndividualIndividual StartupStartup SMBSMB EnterpriseEnterprise

Private and Hybrid Cloud Tier 2-4: Private cloud Hybrid cloud:

Public cloud for Backup,Archive, testing,Websites, portals

Lets understand which cloud computing model will be most suitable for an organization or

individual.

Public cloud is preferred by individuals who want to access e-mail, e-commerce, or gaming

applications, and least bothered about the security or availability risks in cloud for the most part.

Here cost reduction is the primary objective. Public cloud enables the opportunity to access

these applications using a thin device for free or by paying minimum usage charges. People

starting up businesses from small office or home typically opt public cloud. A large investment

to purchase IT resources are not affordable or sensible. Therefore, for obvious reason,

convenience offered by the cloud outweighs risk.

Small and medium sized business have a moderate customer base and any anomaly in customer

data and service levels may impact their business. Hence, they may not be willing or able to putTier 1 applications such as OLTP in the cloud. A hybrid cloud model may fit in this case, which

includes organizations internal IT resources and external public cloud resources. Tier 1

application data should never cross the boundary of private cloud. Public cloud enables cost

savings and faster time to market and is typically used for tier 2, tier 3, and tier 4 applications

such as backup, archive, and testing. Enterprises typically have strong customer hold worldwide

and priority is to maintain critical customer data and service levels with strict enforcement of

security policies. They are highly concerned with the risk and information access control in

cloud. Many organizations may not even virtualize their tier 1 applications. They are financially

capable of building a massive private cloud, however, a hybrid cloud model could be a viableoption.


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First Step To Cloud: Virtualization

Optimize existing resources virtualize the data center

Combine resources together and abstract them to create a virtual world

Virtualization of application and infrastructure

Extend the virtualization beyond a data center

Pool all your distributed resources from multiple sites

Virtualized Infrastructure

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In many ways, the cloud computing is an evolution of what is already happening in data centers:

virtualization, automation and dynamic infrastructure provisioning, all aimed at creating real-

time infrastructures for flexible and dynamic service delivery.

Virtualization is considered to be the first step to cloud computing, With virtualization as an

underpinning, not only do enterprises get the benefit of increased asset utilization, but also take

the first step toward cloud by defining their applications, independent from their physical

infrastructure. With virtualizing and aggregating computing resources into a single pool, you

have the opportunity to operate more efficiently and also operate more flexibly and reliably.

You can start using this shared infrastructure for doing test and development or for doing better

disaster recovery, for example two data centers that act as failover for one another.

Virtualization also provides a level-up in managing your IT by helping you to get away from

issues of underlying infrastructure. With virtualization, you can also automate a lot of the

general management tasks, extricating IT from the business of repetitive management

procedures, and at the same time enabling your end users to get what they need very quickly.


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Private Cloud As a Preferred Option

Most large organizations are experimenting first with private clouds

Cloudification of pooled & virtualized internal computing resources involves

Centralized service management, service creation, automation Self service, auto provisioning, metering, load balancing, security, tiering

Cloud Operating System

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Data Center Location 1 Data Center Location 2 Data Center Location 3

After aggregating and virtualizing an organizations IT resources, the next step is to enforce

centralized service management, service creation, automation, and associate processes and

technologies such as self-service, metering, load balancing, business continuity, security,

automated tiering, and de-duplication. This forms a private cloud with internal IT resources as

its base. Based on the demand of a cloud service user, virtual images with required configuration

are created and operating system and applications are launched on top of them. The cloud

operating system and middleware have key roles in consolidation of resources, providing virtual

view of these resources, workload distribution, virtual image to physical resource allocation,

integrated security, and failover.


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Private Cloud Federating with External Cloud

A blend of internal and external cloud resources to present aseamless, managed service delivery to the business

Probably offers the best value to the enterprise

Cloud Operating System

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Private Cloud

Cloud

External

Internal Cloud

Data Center Location 1 Data Center Location 2

Finally, once your private internal cloud has been streamlined, there is an opportunity to

federate with external infrastructures provided by the cloud service providers, blending the two

into a single collection of resources that your organization can use. The key is that they are

never separate resources, they are all one pool. External cloud resources can be seamlessly and

transparently joined when needed. Federation allows rapid elasticity of cloud resources and

provides a sense of unlimited scalability to the cloud service users.

Now let us understand how can we get the best of both worlds the internal cloud and the

external cloud without getting the weakness of either.


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Why Private Cloud Get the Best of Both World

Federation

Security

Virtualization

Information

Flexible

Dynamic

On-demand

Efficient

Trusted

Control

Reliable

Secure

External CloudInternal Cloud

What we like about data centers is that theyre rock-solid, trusted, controlled, reliable, and

secure. But they can be expensive.

What everyone finds so appealing about cloud computing is the pay by the drink, elastic nature

of the resources flexible, dynamic, on-demand, and efficient meaning cost effective. We

have a vision that joins the best of both world without the downside of either.

The resources are aggregated and federated together so that applications can act on the

combined resources as a single pool of resources, just like the single pool of resources available

to us today when we use VMware to join servers from multiple racks in a data center.

This forms the private cloud that enables us to get the best of both worlds. The word Private is

used because the use and operation of the cloud resources are completely controlled and only

available to the enterprise. A cloud resource looks and behaves just like the resources you

purchased outright in the past.


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CHOICEFederation

with compatibleservice providers

CONTROLUnified

Management

EFFICIENCYVirtualization

and

Consolidation

Path to Private Cloud

Move apps into

virtual

machines

Manage and

Automate the

Infrastructure

Optimize use ofFederated

resources

Deliver IT as a

Service

The three top value points of private cloud are efficiency, control and choice. The private cloud

delivers uncompromised control, in the most efficient manner, while fully preserving customer

choice.

Efficiency Private cloud eliminates unnecessary/unused IT investment, makes better use of

what you have, and minimizes resources needed to manage and maintain IT. Translated into

business terms, efficiency drives both capex and opex savings. It changes the old model of

application and information delivery that is tied to specific systems and architectures, and moves

to a self-managed, dynamically optimized environment. The result is a more efficient delivery

of business services.

Control Private cloud enables the business and IT to determine service levels together and

fully control the quality-of-service for application delivery without compromise. Theautomation, control and insight of the physical world and the virtual world with the focus on

service delivery is what enables IT to shift away from running IT to delivering IT.

Choice The ability to join resources together to aggregate and federate resources means

that IT has new choices, and new options available. Why buy the infrastructure needed to run

the operation at peak load when external cloud resources can be seamlessly and transparently

joined when needed?


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What you need to be Cloud Enabled

Deduplication, Compression, Thin Provisioning

Spin-down, Low Power Drives

FAST Automatic Tiering Self-Config, Self-Heal, Self-Manage

Virtual Provisioning

On-Demand /Self Service

ResourcePooling

RapidElasticity

Policy-driven data migration Federation of Virtual Archives

Automatic Failover with SRM

CapabilitiesRequirement

Choice

Efficiency

Efficiency Choice

Control

What i t Delivers

Efficiency (On Demand) Control (Self-service)

Multi-protocol FC, iSCSI, NAS, MPFS

REST, SOAPBroad NetworkAccess

Choice

Efficiency

MeasuredServices

Choice

Control

Resource usage can be monitored, controlled,reported

Billing/metering systems to chargeback for usage

The slide lists the requirements and capabilities to be cloud enabled. Please take a moment to

review them and the values they deliver.


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Experiment with Public Cloud

For Non-core business applications

Best option for individuals or startups For beginners

No investment risk and infrastructure expertise required

Web developers, or niche players

A simple, low-cost way to load and go

Experimenting

Software evaluation can be performed in the cloud, before purchase

Faster deployment of new applications

No hardware dependency and integration

Good for seasonal computing needs

Leveraging the Public cloud is often the best option for non-core business applications for

SMBs, or startups and individuals, where they can quickly realize the potential cost saving

benefit without spending in infrastructure. Cloud is also an attractive option for development

and testing of new applications without investing in infrastructure, when you are not sure

whether the project will pass the proof of concept. With the cloud options, software evaluation

can be performed before purchasing licenses or support.


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Path to Public Cloud

First step is virtualization of available resourcesApplication and infrastructure virtualization

Second step: Experiment with cloud Prototype application to understand how it work with your

environment

For example cloud backups are a great way to introduce to CC

Measure and document various matrices

Performance, billing, reliability etc.

Gain experience and educate stack holders

Next step: Gradual advancement with cloudBuild business cases to realize capex reduction and better ROI

Establish polices and practices

Deploy production applications

Virtualization of applications and infrastructure provide immediate cost benefit by improving

utilization and reducing management expenditure. Also as a first step, virtualization provides

required flexibility and independence to applications from physical infrastructure and make

them portable to cloud offerings which are based on virtual infrastructure.

Next step is to choose a right application, usually a non-core application to experiment with the

cloud. For example, you can start with your e-mail archiving or data backup in a cloud with

Mozy online. With this step, understand cloud operation and various matrices, such as

performance, billing, security and bottlenecks.

Once you gain sufficient experience with cloud experiment, its time to take full advantage by

deploying more mature applications and processes to scale in the cloud. Establish policies and

process to gradual advancement with production applications, showcase successes to drive thedemand, and ultimately realize the better productivity, improved profitability throughout the IT

organization.


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Choosing Right Application to Start - 1

Check compatibility between platform software andapplication

Not all the applications are good for cloud

Depends on cloud infrastructure capability & QoS

Applications may suffer due to insufficient b/w, network latency

Applications with stringent security requirement are unlikely to move

To access PaaS and IaaS, customers may need to migrate their proprietary or any off-the-shelf

application of choice to the cloud. Two disparate considerations may arise while an organization

is planning for migration. The first is cloud computing infrastructure may not support the

application. This may happen due to incompatibility between platform software and application,

or maybe the organization is planning to move a legacy application to the cloud.

The second consideration is related to the justification of moving an application to the cloud.

Not all the applications are good candidates for cloud, although it may depend on the capability

of cloud infrastructure and the quality of service offered by cloud providers. For example,

applications that require real time response may suffer due to insufficient bandwidth, network

latency, and network congestion. Organizations having a stringent backup window should gaze

at the bandwidth and latency factors before moving their backup applications to cloud. For the

same reasons, graphics intensive applications and applications handling large I/O are less likely

to migrate to the cloud. Also, organizations are unlikely to move their business critical

applications with strict security requirement to the cloud.


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Choosing Right Application to Start - 2

Candidate Applications:

Non-core applications, to avoid risk, if any

Applications with unpredictable capacity/workload requirements

Spike computing applications

Application development and testing environment

Any stand-alone application

Minimal integration impact

Applications where significant cost benefits can be achieved in ashorter time

Based on the considerations, various applications may be the right candidate to the cloud

computing. Start with the applications which are less important to the core business operations

so the risk associated with them is lower than to core systems, for example a marketing

campaign web-site or any other web based environment which should not be a core business

application. Applications with unpredictable workload or capacity requirements may also fit

well in the cloud computing model as they are candidates of spike computing. Another

environment can be application development and testing in cloud that can offer an

organizations own test and development setup. These applications can provide significant

business benefits, faster project time to market, no capital investment and no skills to expand or

build new setup. Any standalone applications that don't interact much with other applications

can also be a good fit for cloud computing.


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Common Cloud Implementations - 1

Utilize applications running on cloud (offered as SaaS)

Business start ups Testing

Peak computing

Storage related services

Web hosting

This slide discusses some common use cases which reveal the indispensability of migrating to

the cloud. Organizations or individuals can leverage these ideas to accomplish specific tasks by

moving to the cloud, which otherwise cost them more.

Consider a scenario where a single anti-virus program safeguards your organization. However,

no anti-virus software guarantees hundred percent detection and most recent threats may remain

undetected for several days. Also, anti-virus software themselves may be vulnerable to

malicious attack. Cloud providers offer superior protection against viruses by deploying multiple

anti-virus engines developed by different vendors. This new approach is called cloud antivirus

or CloudAV. Suspicious files are screened simultaneously by all the anti-virus programs, hence

detection capability is more than a solitary antivirus software.

Come t

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