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VOLCANOES
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
• Define volcano
• Describe how volcanoes form
• Explain what causes an eruption
• Name the different types of volcanoes and their main characteristics
• Know where most volcanoes are located
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What is a Volcano?• An opening in the earth's
crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.
• A vent connects magma from within the Earth’s crust to the Earth's surface.
• It includes the surrounding cone of erupted material.
• Magma reaching the surface is called lava.
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Volcano Formation• Magma rises to the Earth’s
surface and bursts out.• Most form along plate
boundaries or under the sea at:– Spreading ridges where plates pull
apart.– Subduction zones where one plate
is forced under another.– Hot spots in the middle of plates
when especially hot currents of magma shoot up, burning through the crust.
Spreading Ridge
Hot Spot
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Eruptions• Magma, less dense than the
solid rock around it, rises and collects in chambers.
• Pressure decreases, trapped gasses expand, and propel magma, causing an eruption.
• Explosive if magma viscous; gasses can not escape; pressure builds; explodes.
• Effusive if magma is fluid; gasses can escape easily; lava flows.
• Build a volcano and watch it erupt.
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Different Types of Volcanoes:Composite
• Most common type.Most common type.• Explosive eruptions Explosive eruptions
and lava flow.and lava flow.• Built from pyroclastic Built from pyroclastic
material and lava.material and lava.• Example:Example: Mt. Rainier, Mt. Rainier,
WashingtonWashington
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Different Types of Volcanoes:Shield
• Built from layers of Built from layers of lavalava
• Non-explosive Non-explosive eruptionseruptions
• Not very steep, Not very steep, but can be bigbut can be big
• Example:Mauna Loa, Hawaii
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Different Types of Volcanoes:Cinder Cone
• Built from pyroclastic Built from pyroclastic materialmaterial
• Moderately explosive, Moderately explosive, short eruptionsshort eruptions
• Small in size, steep Small in size, steep slopesslopes
• Example: Mauna Kea, Hawaii
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Where Are They?• Volcanoes are located on much of the planet, but there
is a high concentration surrounding the Pacific Ocean.• This area is known as The Ring of Fire.
Volcano Locations
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AssignmentAssignment• Research and report on a specific volcano
(ex: Mauna Loa in Hawaii)• Required details
– Name– Location– Type of volcano and main characteristics– Size– Last eruption date and status (active, extinct, dormant)– Picture
• Report options– Poster, PowerPoint, Video, Essay– If you have a different idea, ask teacher for approval
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Additional Learning ResourcesAdditional Learning Resources• Discovery Kids – Build a virtual volcano and watch it erupt, plus
morehttp://kids.discovery.com/games/build-play/volcano-explorer
• National Geographic – Volcano video clips http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/environment-natural-disasters/volcanoes/volcanoes-101.html
• National Geographic Kids - animated moviehttp://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0405/quickflicks/
• BBC Newsround – video clips and informationhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/specials/volcanoes/default.stm
• Lessons, activities, videoshttp://science.lotsoflessons.com/volcanoes.html
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Content StandardsContent Standards
Science Content Standards – CAPA Level V SEACO Special Education Guide
• Standard 9/12.3e - Students know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing
steep slopes and the other kind with voluminous lava flows producing gentle slopes
• Alternate Achievement Standard 9/12.3e.A - Know the general characteristics of a volcano.
FPI S5E9/12.3e.A1 - Will know two types of volcanoes (violent eruptions or voluminous lava flow)