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Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan

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[1] [2,4][6-10]

(Therm. Sci. Eng. ) -

(JICST)

[1] B80-100 (1999) 3000

[2] Incropera, F. P. and Dewitt, D. P., Fundamentals

of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley & Sons (1976).

[3] Smith, A. et al., Therm. Sci. Eng., 7-5 (1999) 10. [4] (1980).

MS-WORD

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How to Write a Manuscript of Dennetsu

Taro DENNETSU (Dennetsu University)

International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT) 36

2 ICMM2004

41

4216

in

166

Vol. 43 2004

No. 182 September

http://www.htsj.or.jp/

[email protected]

Journal of The Heat Transfer Society of Japan Vol.43, No.182, September 2004

CONTENTS

< Heat Transfer under Extreme Environment > Special Issue on Heat Transfer under Extreme Environment

Yasuyuki TAKATA (Kyushu University) 1 Cryogenic Heat Transfer

Tetsuji OKAMURA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) 2 Post-CHF Heat Transport Kaichiro MISHIMA (Kyoto University) 6

Solar Distillation in Desert Areas Niro NAGAI (University of Fukui) 13

Formation and Decomposition of Clathrate Hydrates in Deep Sea Ryo OHMURA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) 18

Thermal Management for Solar Power Satellite Haruhiko OHTA (Kyushu University) 24

<Project Q> ProjectQ “Control the Gas Leakage from the Natural Gas Pipelinse in Permafrost Regions”

Satoshi AKAGAWA (Hokkaido University) 31

< Report on International Conference and Seminar>International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT) - Its History, Role and Recent Activities -

Kenjiro SUZUKI (Shibaura Institute of Technology) 36Report on 2nd International Conference on Microchannles and Minichannels

Naoki SHIKAZONO (The University of Tokyo) 38

<Hea r t Transfer>

Gold, Silver, BronzeHideo YOSHIDA (Kyoto University) 40

<Calendar> 41

<Announcements> 43

-1- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

Yahoo “ ”

“ ”“ ”

(1) (2) (3)

(4)

(5) (1) (2) (3) (4), (5)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

CO2

(5)GW

“Hea r tTransfer” “ ”

Special Issue on Heat Transfer under Extreme Environment

Yasuyuki TAKATA (Kyushu University)

2004 9 -2-

[1] 19

30

2.2K

1001

2.2KX

22.2K HeI HeII

1 2 3 40

5

10

15

Temperature [K]

Spec

ific

heat

c p [1

03 J/kg

K]

1

0 2 4 6 810-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

Temperature [K]

Pres

sure

[MPa

]

-line

VAPOR

He I

He II

hcp SOLIDbcc SOLID

fcc SOLID

critical point

2

Cryogenic Heat Transfer

Tetsuji OKAMURA (Tokyo Institute of Technology)


HeI HeII

3HeII [2]

HeII

(a) (b)

HeII

HeII HeII

HeI100

HeII 41 K

20 /

time-of-flight [3]

HeII

190830

[4]HeII

00

2

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Temperature [K]

Den

sity

ratio

s /

n /

-point

Super fluid component No viscosity No entropy

Normal fluid component

HeII

HeII

HeII

2004 9 -4-

HeII

HeII

HeII

HeII

HeII

HeII

4He3He K

K

4He

3He

4He 3He3He

4He 3He 0.87K

[5]

He

He+ He

HeHe


3He 4He3He 4He 3He

3He3He

10mK

10-8K

100

K

HeII

HeII

W 80K10W K

W

K 100 KK

2.2K

[1] Mendelssohn, K, The Quest for Absolute Zero,Weidenfeld and Nicolson (1956).

[2] (1995). [3] Steven W. Van Sciver, Helium Cryogenics,

Plenum Press (1986). [4] Tisza, L., Nature, 141 (1938) 913. [5] (1983).

2004 9 -6-

CHF

CHFCHF

BWR

BT BT

BT

BTBWR

[1]

CHFCHF CHF

BWR

CHFCHF

[2]CHF

CHF

CHF

CHFDNB

CHFDNB

DNB

CHF[3,4]

DNB

Post-CHF Heat Transport

KaichiroMISHIMA (Kyoto University)


[3, 4]

[4]

Frozenquality correlation

[4, 5, 6]

[4, 5]

Guo-Mishima [7] Fig.1

qc,w-v,

3/2Pr2f

St

Lee-Ryley

Sun

3/2Pr2f

St

Lee-Ryley

Sun

Fig.1 Heat exchange mechanisms in droplet flow.

qD,w-d

qc,v-d

q ,w-v q ,w-d q ,v-d

qc,w-v

[8]3/2

, Pr2St vpvvwc fxGCh (1)

)(,, vwvwcvwc TThq (2)

St Stanton hc,w-v

G x

Cpv Prv Prandtlf Fanning Tw Tv

Weber80 [9]

tR

2004 9 -8-

db Reyleigh [9]

Qsd

4/12

)(932

4)(

dtTT

uhdtTTQ

Rswvv

drvvlRswvsd

(3)

v Tw

Ts tR d

l v hv

udr v

Dm

4/1

45

533

, ))(1(18

)(swvl

DvvRvswdwD

TTd

mhtTTq (4)

Guo-Mishima [7]Kataoka-Ishii [10]

Whalley-Hewitt [11]

Guo-Mishima Kataoka, Ishii & Mishima [12]

Lee-Ryley [13]

Guo-Mishima

[14]Guo-Mishima Evans [15, 16] Gottula [17]

Evans [16]

Reynolds

[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

P=0.2 – 0.6 MPa, G=10 – 50kg/m2s and x=0.3 – 0.9

[19]Kataoka-Ishii

[10] Whalley-Hewitt[11]

CHF


Tmin

Groeneveld-Snoek [20]

Leidenfrost

[20]

Bromley[21]

Taylor-Helmholtz

Berenson [22]

Berenson

Henry [23] Plummer [24]

Berenson

Spiegler [25]

Kalinin [26] Baumeister Simon [27]

Spiegler Iloejoe [28]

Henry [22]

Droplet

Droplet

Fmin

Fmin

5.13 )(1055.1 SWF TT (Bolle & Moureau, 1982)Critical Liquid Film Thickness

RewettingConditon

Fmin

Droplet

Droplet

Fmin

Fmin

5.13 )(1055.1 SWF TT (Bolle & Moureau, 1982)Critical Liquid Film Thickness

RewettingConditon

Fmin

Fig.2 Rewetting model due to droplet impingement.

wetting spot

wetting spot

vapor layer

Fig.3 Rewetting model due to interface instability

Ileoje

2004 9 -10-

Groeneveld[20] Groeneveld-Stewart [29]Tong [30] Cheng [31]

Guo-Mishima [32, 33]

[32]

F

Tmin

F

F

v

fvvys

yAk

hMuyTT

02

2200

min2

(5)

y0

M

uy0 A

v kv

hfv Bolle-Moureau[9] Bolle-Moureau

[33][34]

sqvffCv

vfvfvT

gL

hT

)()(24

min (6)

Lc f v

q

Galloway-Mudawar [35]

D

2/1342

vfDq g

(8)

Lc= q Chen[36] P=0.115 2.190MPa G=53 725kg/m2s

=0 25.1K Koizumi[37] P=0.5 3.0MPa =0.3m/s

Fig.2

Guo-Mishima[37]

Fig. Comparison of models and correlations for minimum film boiling temperature.

CHF

DNB

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

7

65

4

3

2

1

1 present model2 Groeneveld & Stewar model3 Henry model4 Groeneveld model 19755 Berenson model6 Plummer model7 Cheng model

Tm

in (

K)

Pressure (MPa)

-11- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

[1] BWR2003 ,

AESJ-SC-P002:2003, 2003 6 .[2] R.A. Nelson and R.B. Duffey, Quenching

Phenomena, International Workshop on Fundamental Aspects of Post-Dryout Heat Transfer, Salt Lake City, 1984.

[3] G. F. Hewitt, J. M. Delhaye and N. Zuber, Post-Dryout Heat Transfer, CRC Press, 1992.

[4] D. C. Groeneveld, Post-Dryout Heat Transfer: Physical Mechanisms and a Survey of Prediction Methods, Nucl. Engng. Design, 32 (1975) 283-294.

[5] F. Mayinger and H. Langer, Post-Dryout Heat Transfer, Proc. 6th International Heat Transfer Conference, Part 6, pp. 181-198, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 7-11, 1978.

[6] D. C. Groeneveld and G. G. J. Delorme, Prediction of Thermal Non-Equilibrium in the Post-Dryout Regime, Nucl. Engng. Design, 1976, 36, 17-26.

[7] Y.J. Guo and K. Mishima, "A Non-equilibrium Mechanistic Heat Transfer Model for Post-dryout Dispersed Flow Regime," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 26 (2002) 861-869.

[8] J. C. Chen, F. T. Ozkaynak and R. K. Sundaram, Vapor Heat Transfer in Post-CHF Region Including the Effect of Thermodynamic Non-Equilibrium, Nucl. Engng. Design, 51 (1979) 143-155.

[9] L. Bolle and J. C. Moureau, Spray Cooling of Hot

Surface, in Multiphase Science and Technology, vol. 1, edited by G. F. Hewitt, J. M. Delhaye and N. Zuber, Hemisphere, 1986.

[10] I. Kataoka and M. Ishii, Entrainment and Deposition Rates of Droplets in Annular Two-Phase Flow, Proc. ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference, Vol 1, ed. Y. Moriand and W. J. Yang, 1983.

[11] G. F. Hewitt, Pressure Drop, Handbook of Multiphase System, Edited by G. Hetsroni, 2-44 - 2-75, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1982.

[12] I. Kataoka, M. Ishii and K. Mishima, Generation and Size Distribution of Droplet in Annular Two-Phase Flow, Trans. ASME, J. Fluid Engng., 105 (1983) 230-238

[13] K. Lee and D. J. Ryley, The Evaporation of Water Droplets in Superheated Steam, ASME paper 68-HT-11, 1968.

[14] K. H. Sun, J. M. Gonzalez-Santalo and C. L. Tien, Calculations of Combined Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Rod Bundles Under Emergency Cooling Conditions, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 98 (1976) 414-420.

[15] D. Evans, S. W. Webb and J. C. Chen, Axially Varying Vapor Superheats in Convective Film Boiling, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 107 (1985) 663-669.

[16] D. G. Evans, S. W. Webb, et al, Measurements of Axially Varying Non-Equilibrium in Post- Critical-Heat-Flux Boiling in a Vertical Tube, NUREG/CR-3363, Vols. 1 and 2, June 1983.

[17] R. C. Gottula, R. A. Nelson, et al, Forced Convective Non-Equilibrium Post-CHF Heat Transfer Experiments in a Vertical Tube, ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Mar, 1983.

[18] S. Nijhawan, J. C. Chen, R. K. Sundaram and E. J. London, Measurement of Vapor Superheat in Post-Critical-Heat-Flux Boiling, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 102 (1980) 465-570.

[19] NUPEC, Annual Report of NUPEC Thermal Hydraulic Test to Evaluate Post DNB Characteristics for PWR Fuel Assemblies, 1999.

[20] D.C. Groeneveld and C.W. Snoek, A

2004 9 -12-

Comprehensive Examination of Heat Transfer Correlation Suitable for Reactor Safety Analysis, Multiphase Science and Technology, Vol. 2, 181-274, Edited by G. F. Hewitt, J. M. Delhaye and N. Zuber, Hemisphere, 1986.

[21] L.A.Bromley, Heat Transfer in Stable Film Boiling, Chem. Eng. Progr., 46, 221 (1950)

[22] P.J. Berenson, Film-Boiling Hear Transfer from a Horizontal Surface, J. Heat Transfer, 83 (1961) 351-358.

[23] R. E. Henry, A Correlation for the Minimum Film Boiling Temperature, AIChE Symposium Series, 70, No. 138, 81-90 (1974).

[24] D.N. Plummer, O.C. Iloeje, P. Griffith, and W.M. Rohsenow, A Study of Post-Critical Heat Flux Heat Transfer in a Forced Convection System, M.I.T. Report No. 73645-80, 1973.

[25] P. Spiegler, J. Hopenfeld, M. Silberberg, C.F. Bumpus, and A. Norman, Onset of Stable Film Boiling and Foam Limit, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 6 (1963) 987-994.

[26] E.K. Kalinin, Investigation of the Crisis of Film Boiling in Channels, Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Rod Bundles, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, pp. 89-94, 1969.

[27] K.J. Baumeister and F.F. Simon, Leidenfrost Temperature – Its Correlation for Liquid Metals, Cryogens, Hydrocarbons, and Water, J. Heat Transfer, 95 (1973) 166-173.

[28] O. C. Iloeje, A Study of Wall Rewet and Heat Transfer in Dispersed Vertical Flow, PhD. Dissertation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 1974.

[29] D.C. Groeneveld and J.C. Stewart, The Minimum Film Boiling Temperature for Water During Film

Boiling Collapse, 7th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Munich, 1982.

[30] L.S. Tong, Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Nucleate and Film Boiling, Nucl. Engng. Design, 21 (1972) 1-25.

[31] S.C. Cheng, K.T. Poon, P. Lau, and W.W.L. Ng, Transition Boiling Heat Transfer in Forced Vertical Flow (Measurements of Quench Temperature), University of Ottawa 20th Quarterly Progress Report, Oct.-Dec. 1981.

[32] Y.J. Guo and K. Mishima, A Mechanistic Model on Rewetting Temperature Based on Droplet Impingement, Proc. US-Japan Seminar on Two-Phase Flow Dynamics, Santa Barbara, USA, June 5-8, 2000.

[33] Y.J. Guo and K. Mishima, A Rewetting Model Based on Vapor-liquid Interface Instability Mechanism, International Workshop on Current Status and Future Directions in Boiling Heat Transfer and Two-Phase Flow, Osaka, Japan, October 5-6, 2000.

[34] N. Zuber, Hydrodynamic Aspects of Boiling Heat Transfer, Doctoral Dissertation of University of California, Los Angeles, 1959.

[35] J.E. Galloway and I. Mudawar, CHF Mechanism in Flow Boiling from a Short Heated Wall – II. Theoretical CHF Model, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 36 (1993) 2527-1540.

[36] Y. Chen, J. Wang, M. Yang and X. Fu, Experimental Measurement of the Minimum Film Boiling Temperature for Flowing Water,

[37] Y. Koizumi, et al., High-Pressure Reflooding Experiments of Multi-Rod Bundle at ROSA-IV TPTF, Nucl. Engng. Design, 120 (1990) 301-310.

-13- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

50

1999 9 UAERas Al Khaimah

W/m2

[1]

1

[2]

2000

1

2 Basin

[4-6]Basin

Basin1 2 5 m2

3Tubular

[5, 7]

1.5 3 8 m2

Solar Distillation in Desert Areas

Niro NAGAI (University of Fukui)

2 5kg/day m2

( )

( )

( )

( )

1

2004 9 -14-

UAEPCJ

1997

UAE [3]

UAE

1999 4

2 UAE

UAE

UAE50 30

1. Water basin2. Transparent roof3. Catchment4. Inlet5. Drain

6. Data logger7. Insulator8. Personal computer9. Heat collecter mat10. CA thermocouples

(a) Basin

(b) Basin2 Basin

(b) Tubular3 Tubular

(a) Tubular (30 )

-15- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

UAE

21999 9 1540 7AM

11AM

3PM 7PM4

54

40

3535

5 1 2000 9 7

1 25 4025 80

90% 100%

580

30

5 2000/9/7 at UAE

4

2004 9 -16-

2000 7 11 UAE

5036

11AM 2PM

1999 91

m

302

UAE

UAE Osman

UAE7 UAE

UAEUAE

UAE

UAE

UAE UAE

UAE

1 UAEUAE

UAE

-17- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

UAE

UAE Mutawa

Mutawa

Mutawa

UAEMutawa 6

[1] , “UAE”,

, 36 (2002), 5[2] “ 12 ”,

,(2000), 625

[3] ” ”,102-973 (1999), 752

[4] , , , ,, , “U.A.E.

”, 37, I (2000), 185

[5] , , , “UAE”,

2003 , (2003), 339

[6] Nagai, N., et al., “Heat Transfer Modeling and Field Test on Basin-Type Solar Distillation Device”, Proc. IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Bahamas, (2003), CD-ROM.

[7] Fukuhara, T., et al., “Production Mechanism and Performance of Tubular Solar Still”, Proc. IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Bahamas, (2003), CD-ROM

.

6

2004 9 -18-

II

H

I

512

435663

51268

51262

51264

1

CO2

hydrate former hydrate-forming substance

clathrateclathrate Powell [1]

clathrate1948 Powell [1]

clathratusclathratus

clathratus clatratus h

clathratus

P. Englezos University of British Columbia

lock(klethron)klethra) clathratus”

clathrate

Formation and Decomposition of Clathrate Hydrates in Deep Sea

Ryo OHMURA (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

-19- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

Lw H Lg

Q2 (Lw H Vg Lg)

Lw H Vg

Q1 I + Lw + H + Vg

I H Vg

Temperature T

Pres

sure

p

2 + p

T p T

I H Lw Lg

Vg I + H +Vg

[4] 4

gas hydrates

III H

1 I, II, HDavidson

[2]National Research Council of

Canada J. A. Ripmeester

Sloan [3] 2[4]

512 1251262 12 2 1451264 12 4 1651268 12 8 20435663 3 6 3

12

Colorado School of Mines E. D. Sloan, Jr.

512

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2

p T

p

T 2p T

+ +

Gibbs 1p T

2004 9 -20-

Temperature T, K

Pres

sure

p, M

Pa

3 CO2+ ( ) p –T Lw

+ H + Vg [5] Lw

+ H + Vg [5]; Lw + H+ Lg [5] Lw + H+ Lg

CSMHYD[3] NaCl3.5wt% CO2

Temperature T, K

Pres

sure

p, M

Pa

4 / p T

CSMHYD +

Lw + H + Vg

de Roo et al.[7]; Adisamisto et al. [8]; , Ohmura et al.[9].

, m

T, K

Lw + H + Vg

5

Kvenvolden [10]1200 m

univariant line 2Lw H Lg Lw H Vg I H Vg

+ + + 0

p T

invariant pointQ1 Q2

+ +

2p T

p T

+ +

p T

p T

3 p T

CO2 Lw + H + Vg

01.6 MPa 5 2.5 MPa

CO2

-21- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

Temperature T, K

Mol

e fr

actio

n of

CO

2in

wat

er

6 CO2 H + Lw

CO2 CO2

Lw + Vg

CO2 Servio & Englezos [13] H + Lw; , 2 MPa; ,

3.7 MPa; , 4.2 MPa; , 5 MPa; , 6 MPa Lw

+ Vg; , 2 MPa; , 3 MPa; , 3.7 MPa

500 m5 MPa 10

CO2

CO2 CO2

1 24 + p T

1000 m 10 MPa

5

5 1200 m

100 m 6 K3

1500 m 300 m

p T

CO2

CO2 CO2

1990

2004 9 -22-

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

1990CO2

CO2

Mori [11]

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

Sugaya & Mori [12]

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2

CO2

6CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2

6

CO2 [13-15][16, 17] HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F

[18][16, 19-21]

[19, 20]

[22, 23]

[24-26]

Sloan [3]

-23- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

Davidson

Davidoson [2]

Buffett[27]

Englezos [28][29]

Mori [30][31]

[1] Powell, H. M., J. Chem. Soc., (1948) 61. [2] Davidson, D. W., In Water: a Comprehensive

Treatise; Frank F., Ed.; Plenum Press, 1973; Vol. 2, Chapter 3.

[3] Sloan, E. D., Jr. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural

Gases, Dekker, (1998)[4] Therm. Sci. Eng., 7-2 (1999) 35. [5] Ohgaki, K., Makihara, Y., Takano, K., J. Chem.

Eng. Jpn., 26 (1999) 558. [6] 21

(1980) 800. [7] de Roo, J. L., Peters, C. J., Lichtenthaler, R. N.

and Diepen, G. A. M., AIChE J., 29 (1983) 651. [8] Adisasmito, S., Frank, R. J., III, Sloan, E. D., Jr., J.

Chem. Eng. Data, 36 (1991) 68. [9] Ohmura, R., Uchida, T., Takeya, S., Nagao, J.,

Minagawa, H., Ebinuma, T., Narita, H., J. Chem. Thermodynam., 35 (2003) 2045.

[10] Kvenvolden, K. A., Chem. Geol., 71 (1988), 173. [11] Mori, Y. H., Energy Covers. Mgmt, 39 (1998)

1537.[12] Sugaya, M., Mori, Y. H., Chem. Eng. Sci., 51

(1996) 3505. [13] Servio, P., Englezos, P., Fluid Phase Equilibria,

190 (2001) 127. [14] Kimuro, H., Kusayanagi, T. and Morishita, M.,

IEEE Trans. on Energy Convers., 9 (1994) 732. [15] Yamane, K. and Aya, I. In MARIENV’95 (Proc.

Int. Conf. on Technologies for Marine

Environment Preservation), Soc. Naval Architects of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, (1995) Vol. 2, pp. 911-917.

[16] Yang, S. O., Cho, S. H., Lee, H. and Lee, C. S., Fluid Phase Equilibira, 185 (2001), 53.

[17] Servio, P. and Englezos, P., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47 (2002) 87.

[18] Itoh, Y., Kamakura, R., Obi, S., Mori, Y. H., Chem. Eng. Sci., 58 (2002) 107.

[19] Handa, Y. P., J. Phys. Chem., 94 (1990) 652. [20] Zatsepina, O. Y., Buffett, B. A., Geophys. Res.

Lett., 24 (1997) 1567. [21]

B 64 (1998) 2189.

[22] Buffett, B. A., Zatsepina, O. Y., Marine Geology, 164 (2000) 69.

[23] Tohidi, B., Anderson, R., Clennell, M. B., Burgass, R. W., Biderkab A. B., Geology, 29

(2001), 867. [24] Ohmura, R., Shigetomi, T., Mori, Y. H., J. Crystal

Growth, 196 (1999) 164. [25] Ohmura, R., Kashiwazaki, S., Mori, Y. H., J.

Crystal Growth, 218 (2000) 372 [26] Ohmura, R., Shimada, W., Uchida, T., Mori, Y. H.,

Takeya, S., Nagao, J., Minagawa, H., Ebinum, T., Narita, H., Phil. Mag., 84 (2004) 1.

[27] Buffett, B. A., Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 28

(2000) 477. [28] Englezos, P., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32 (1993)

1251.[29] , 58 (1996) 477. [30] Mori, Y. H., J. Chem. Ind. Eng. (China), 54-suppl.

(2003) 1. [31] 81 (2002)

908

2004 9 -24-

(Space Solar Power System) 1960

1 100 kW

1/10010MW(1 kW)

1GW(Generator)

(Transmitter)

JAXAGenerator/ Transmitter

JAXA 10MW

1

Fig. 1 A concept of space solar power system

Thermal Management for Solar Power Satellite

Haruhiko OHTA (Kyushu University)

-25- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

A1= 10m2

n 3.0

D = 200 m

~

1[1] 8mm

300kg/m2

0.5

Table 1 System configuration requirements Radius of generator/ transmitter module assembly and radiators D = 200 m Radius of generator/ transmitter module assembly and radiators MGT = 70 t (System weight Msys = 100 t) Electric power received at ground station EE = 10 MW

Table 2 Assumptions for the present analysis Solar constant I = 1.4 kW/m2

Solar absorptivity = 0.9 (0.7~0.95) Generator efficiency G = 0.15 (0.10~0.15) Transmitter energy conversion efficiency T = 0.70 (0.50~0.90) Transmission efficiency from SSPS to earth SE =0.8Single-side area of one generator/ transmitter unified module A1 = 10 m2

Table 3 Basic data for the present reference model of SSPS Total electric power output at transmitting end of SSPS ES = 12.5 MW Area of the generator/ transmitter module assembly AGT = 3.14 104 m2

Electric power density at transmitting end of SSPS e = 0.4 kW/m2

Magnification of sunlight condenser n 3.0

Table 4 Waste heat and weight of generator/ transmitter module assembly per unit area. Waste heat flux from generator qG = 3.15 kW/m2

Waste heat flux from transmitter qT = 0.19 kW/m2

Total heat flux q = qG + qT = 3.34 kW/m2

Weight of generator/ transmitter module per unit area mGT =2.23 kgGT/m2

Weight of the whole system msys = 3.18 kgsys/m2

Table 5 Waste heat and weight of generator/ transmitter module per unit weight of the whole system Weight ratio of generator/ transmitter module to the whole system MGT Msys = 0.7 kgGT/kgsys = mGT msys

Waste heat from generator q0,G = 0.990 kW/kgsysWaste heat from transmitter q0,T = 6.0 10-2 kW/kgsysTotal heat flux q0 = q0,G + q0,T = 1.05 kW/kgsys

Table 6 Waste heat and weight per one generator/ transmitter unified module Number of modules for 10MW class SSPS N = 3140 Weight of a unit module m1 = 22.3 kg / unit module Electric power output at transmitting end ES1 = 4 kW / unit module Waste heat from generator QG1 = 31.5 kW / unit module

2004 9 -26-

[2]

Fig. 2 Energy flow for generator/ transmitter unified module.

FC72

P=0.1MPatsat=56 C

G=50kg/m2sFC72

10 C

103 104 105102

103

104

q W/m2

h W

/m2 K

T = 10 KT = 20 KT = 30 K

FC72P = 0.1MPaG = 50 kg /m2 s

x = 1

x = 0.1

~

x = 0

Fig. 3 Predicted heat transfer characteristics in microgravity for FC72 at G =50kg/m2s.

(a) Radial arrangement (b) Radial and circumferential arrangement Fig. 4 Examples for the arrangement of two-phase flow loop.

-27- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

0.8

~

(a)(b)

(a)

20 40 60 80 1000

x

r m

AC

G,

A m

2

2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

ACG

x

FC72P = 0.1 MPaG = 50 kg/m2sT = 10 K

qG= 3.15 kW/m 2

xr=R = 0.8

1

A= r2

20 40 60 80 100

200

400

600

800

1000

0

x

r m

AC

G,A

m2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

ACG

x

WaterP = 0.1 MPaG = 50 kg/m2sT = 10 KqG= 3.15 kW/m 2

xr=R = 0.8

A= r2

(a) FC72 (b) Water

Fig.5 Required heat transfer area versus radius.

Fig. 6 Active mirror laser amplification system. Fig. 7 A narrow channel with auxiliary structures foradditional liquid supply.

2004 9 -28-

100m

r dQ

dx T

d(hAcG)

dQ=2 qGrdr =G Aohfgdx = Td(hAcG) (1)

qG: G : Ao: r

hfg:AcG

h x T

Ao AcG r

Ao

Ao=2 r (2)

x r

(a) G=50kg/m2s T=10KAcG r

A= r2

r= 0m x=0 r=R=100mx=0.8 r= 0 AcG>A

(r= R= 100m) AcG

A= 3.14 104m2 48%r

AcG A 83%

(a)

(b)AcG A 2.5%

GW

GW

2000

[3]5 105W/m2 1m2

[4]

Fig.8 Boiling curves for different locations.

100 101 102104

105

106

T K

q w

W/m

2

FC72P=0.13MPauin=0.13m/s

Tsub, in=15Ks=2mm30mmW 150mmL

Upstream- CenterMidstream- CenterMidstream- SideDownstream- Center

-29- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

[5]

MEB[6, 7]

[8]

30mm 150mm 90 0.5mm

1mm2mm

FC72 P=0.13MPa65.0 C

uin=0.13m/sTsub,in =15K q

T

D-C z=125mm

2.8 105 W/m2

Zuber1.7

uin= 0.065m/s

2.5 1

1.5

SPS'04[9] ESA( )

JAXA

JAXA SSPS

NEDO

[1] Ohta, H., Advances in Heat Transfer, Elsevier, 37

(2003), 1. [2] Ohta, H. et al., Proc. 3th Int. Conf. Multiphase

2004 9 -30-

Flow, Lyon, France, Japan (1998), CDrom. [3] JAXA, SSPS WG8-5 (2004) [4] Ohta, H et.al., Proc. 12th Int. Heat Transfer Conf.,

Grenoble, France (2002), 3, 725 . [5] Ohta, H. et al., Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Multiphase

Flow, Yokohama, Japan (2004), CDrom [6] Inada, S.et al, Trans. JSME, Ser.B, 47-422 (1981),

2030.[7] Suzuki, K et al., Proc. Microgravity Transport

Process in Fluid, Thermal, Biological and Materials Sciences II, UEF, Banff, Canada (2001), 325.

[8] Abe, Y. and Iwasaki, A., Proc. Microgravity Transport Process in Fluid, Thermal, Biological and Materials Sciences III, ECI, Davos, Switzerland (2003) (to be published).

[9] Proc. Int. Conf. Solar Power Tranmission, Granada, Spain, ESA (2004).

Q

-31- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

1998

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

8 [4]

100km

ProjectQ “Control the Gas Leakage from the Natural Gas Pipelinse in Permafrost Regions”

Satoshi AKAGAWA (Hokkaido University)

Pewe 1982

Johnston 1981

Q

2004 9 -32-

200mm

CO2

20 3060

[4]

Q

-33- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

1.5m

Q

2004 9 -34-

3

Q

-35- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

19990.9m

105m 101.5MPa 2003

[1] 66-2 (2004)149-161 [2] Pewe, T. L., Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Special Report 15 (1982) 1-109. [3] 12 (1974)

192-202[4] Johnston, G.H., Permafrost—Engineering design

and construction—, John Wiley & Sons, (1981) .

2004 9 -36-

ICHMT Centre (President) (

) ( )24 (1985 ) 26 (1987 )

( )29 (1990 )

6 (EC: Executive Committee) EC Vice Chairman

2 Chairman

Centre

1960 ()

J. P. Hartnett

(International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer) (International Heat Transfer Conference)

UNESCO

Beograde Boris Kidrich Institute of Nuclear Sciences

Centre 1993

Ankara Middle East Technical University (METU)

EC 2

ICHMT provides a unique apolitical forum for the world’s leading heat and mass transfer scientists and engineers. This mission of ICHMT is to pursue excellence and foster the international exchange of science and engineering in all branches of heat and mass transfer through symposia, publications, promotion of research and exchange of personnel for the benefit of people everywhere.

Luikov MedalFellowship Award

Luikov Medal 1979 12 (1 ) Fellowship Award 1980

32 ( 2 )

PresidentM. Cumo

(Secretary- General) 6 METU FarukArinc 3

Centre2 EC

EC 15 Scientific Council Scientific Council 32

1 (UNESCO) 142

International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT)

International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT) - Its History, Role and Recent Activities -

Kenjiro SUZUKI (Shibaura Institute of Technology)

-37- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

( )10 EC Vice Chairman (

1 Chairman) EC

Centre

International Journal of Heat and Mass TransferEditor Office (Editor

Assoc. Editor )Editor 2

Centre

(ICHMT http://www.ichmt.org/)

2004 9 -38-

2ICMM2004 6 17

19 3

Rochester Institute of Technology, RITASME

conference chair S.Kandlikarco-chair committee

pre-registration 185 30

keynote15

1

1

KeynoteSingle Phase Flow 1 25 Boiling / Evaporation 2 23 Two Phase Flow 1 10 Fabrication / MEMS 2 9 Electronics Cooling 1 9 Flow under Electrical Fields 1 9

Heat Pipe 2 6 Biological Systems 2 4 Micro Mixer 1 5 Condensation 0 6 Nano-scale Effects 1 4 Heat Exchangers 0 5

MEMS TAS

3

Banquet

”small as possible” ”small as reasonable”

3 ICMM

Report on 2nd International Conference on Microchannles and Minichannels

Naoki SHIKAZONO (The University of Tokyo)

-39- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

R. K. Shah

R

ICMM2004 6 14 163 2nd International Conference

on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology

R. K. Shah chair Kandlikar co-chair

ASME keynote125 PEFC SOFC

3 MCFC DMFC1

ICMM2004

DOE

SOFCSOFC 3 10kW 400/kW

SECA 1999

RIT Inn & Conference Center RIT

Marriott

1km

6

10

3

Hea r t Transfer

2004 9 -40-

16 912 37

1

164

( 1995) draw tears

shed tears choke

back/down one’s tears fight/force/gulp back one’s

tears repress one’s tears

1 2 3

(copper bronze

)

Ib1 3

Archimedes Eureka!

Wiedemann-Franz

33

1 2 3

Pindar (518 - 438 B.C.) Olympic OdeO mother of gold-crowned contests, Olympia, queen

of truth (http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Live/Writer /Pindar.htm http://www.athens2004.com/en/Medals)

1 Au Ag Cu

196.97 107.87 63.55

kg/m3 (0 oC) 19320 10500 8960

kJ/(kg K) (25oC)

0.129 0.236 0.385

W/(m K) (0 oC) 319 428 403x10-4 m2/s (0 oC) 1.280 1.727 1.168

x107 S/m (0 oC) 4.88 6.80 6.45 oC (1 ) 1064.4 961.9 1084.5 oC (1 ) 2857 2162 2571

Hideo YOSHIDA (Kyoto University)

Gold, Silver, Bronze

Hea r t Transfer

-41- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

2004

11 2426 International Forum on Heat Transfer(IFHT2004)

’04.2/29 ’04.7/31 980-8577 2-1-1

Tel&Fax: 022-217-5243 E-mail:[email protected]

599-8531 1-1

Tel: 072-254-9224 Fax: 072-254-9904 E-mail:[email protected] http://www.ifht2004.energy.osakafu-u.ac.jp/

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2004 23

E-mail:[email protected] http://heat6.mech.okayama-u.ac.jp/jsmf/index.html

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10 99

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2004 9 -46-

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-49- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

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2004 9 -50-

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-51- Jour. HTSJ, Vol. 43, No. 182

(Park Chang-Dae)

ALY Wael Ibrahim Ahmed

2004 9 -52-

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