Chapter 5 RADIOACTIVITY5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESA student is able todescribe the negative efects of radioactive substancesdescribe safety precautions needed in the handling of radioactive substancesdescribe the anageent of radioactive !aste5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESThe negative efects of radioactive substances "hen radioactive eissions stri#es living cells$ it can cause ioni%ation to the olecules of the cells& Then ions can then react !ith other atos in the cell to cause daage&At lo! doses of radiation$ the cells can repair the daage rapidly&"hen the dose is higher$ the cells ay be changed peranently or die&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESThe negative efects of radioactive substances The body can replace ost of the cells that die$ but the cells that have changed ay divide and produce abnoral cells&The ioni%ation efect of radiation can also cause genetic daage to the olecules of the cells& This ay lead to the foration of cancerous cells and tuour developent& 5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESThe negative efects of radioactive substances If the radioactive substances gets inside the body$ the ost harful efects coe fro the alpha particles because they have the highest ioni%ation po!er&If the radioactive source is outside the body$ the greatest danger is fro gaa sources because gaa rays have the highest penetrating po!er& The alpha particles !ould not penetrate clothing and is highly unli#ely to reach living cells in the body&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESThe negative efects of radioactive substances Somatic efect 'oatic efect appears in the person e(posed to radiation& The seriousness of the daage depends on the dose of radiation received& )atigue$ nausea$ hair loss$ radiation burns$ cataracts blood disorder *leu#eia+$ organ failure$ death&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESThe negative efects of radioactive substances Genetic efect,enetic efect afects the reproductive cells and can lead to defective ofspring in the future generations of the e(posed person&-irth defects$ congenital defects$ preature death$ chroosoe abnoralities$ cancer in later life&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe safety precautions needed in the handling of radioactive substancesRead and follo! the advice and instructions ar#ed on radioactive sources$ e.uipent and !or# anuals&,loves ust be !orn any tie an unsealed source is being used or !henever containation is li#ely to occur&/aboratory coats$ long pants$ and closed0toe foot!ear should be !orn&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe safety precautions needed in the handling of radioactive substances1ating$ drin#ing$ applying cosetic or storing food is prohibited&All !or# surfaces and storage areas should be covered !ith absorbent aterial to contain radioactive aterial containation&"hen using radioactive li.uids$ plastic or etal trays *stainless steel !ashes easily+ should be utili%ed to contain potential spills&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe safety precautions needed in the handling of radioactive substancesRadioactive aterial$ especially li.uids$ should be #ept in unbrea#able containers !henever possible& If glass is used$ a secondary container is necessary-efore eating or drin#ing$ !ash hands and forears thoroughly&'tronger radioactive sources should be handled !ith robotic control systes behind steel$ concrete$ lead or thic# glass panels&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe safety precautions needed in the handling of radioactive substancesRadiation badges containing photographic 2l should be !orn to onitor e(posure to radiation& The 2l is regularly developed& The dar#ness of the 2l sho!s the level of e(posure to radiation&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe the management of radioactive wasteLo !e"e! a#teCoprises 345 of the volue but only 65 of the radioactivity of all radioactive !aste& ,enerated fro hospitals$ laboratories and industry$ as !ell as the nuclear fuel cycle& Coprises paper$ rags$ tools$ clothing$ 2lters Contains sall aounts of ostly short0lived radioactivity -uried in shallo! land2ll sites& Often copacted or incinerated *in a closed container+ before disposal to reduce its volue& 5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe the management of radioactive wasteInte$me%iate !e"e! a#te7a#es up 85 of the volue and has 95 of the radioactivity of all radioactive !aste&Contains higher aounts of radioactivity and ay re.uire special shieldingCoprises resins$ cheical sludge$ reactor coponents and containated aterial fro reactor decoissioning'olidi2ed in concrete or bituen for disposal'hort0lived !aste *ainly fro reactors+ is buried&/ong0lived !aste *fro reprocessing nuclear fuel+ is disposed deep underground5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCESDescribe the management of radioactive wasteHi&' !e"e! a#teConsists of only :5 of the volue of all radioactive !aste but it holds 355 of the radioactivity&7ainly used fuelled rods or li.uid !aste fro fuel processingContains highly0radioactive 2ssion products and soe heavy eleents !ith long0lived radioactivity&,enerates large aount of heat and re.uires cooling$ as !ell as special shielding during handling and transport&Vitri2ed by incorporating it into borosilicate glass !hich is sealed inside stainless steel containers for eventual disposal deep underground&5.5 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES