网络基础知识(经典)

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  • 1. CCNA 640-802 Adobe/Corel/QQ9656453770791-85261323800058http://www.330000.cn 1

2. OSI IP - RIP - IGRP - EIGRP - OSPF http://www.330000.cn 0791-852613238000582 3. CCNA PPP ISDNDDR Frame Relay NAT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 3 4. OSI IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 4 5. OSI OSITCP/IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 5 6. PC CPU OS MainboardMEMDisplayMonitorNICHDD Mouse Keyboard http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 6 7. Console RAM Interfaces NVRAMROM Flash http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 7 8. Cisco 2500 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 8 9. AUIEthernet http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 9 10. Flash RAM ROMCPU NVRAM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 10 11. Cisco 2600 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 11 12. 10/100M http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 12 13. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 13 14. ROM FLASHCPU RAM http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005814 15. 1InterfacesSerial EthernetFastEthernet 2CPU PCIntelAMD 3RAM PC 4NVRAM RAM RAM 5FLASH IOS 6ROM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 15 16. Fixed Module WAN WAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 16 17. WANWAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 17 18. http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005818 19. http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005819 20. DTEData Terminal Equipment DCEData Communication Equipment DCE DTEDCE DTEDCE DSU/CSU DTE Router>show controllers serial 0 DCERouter(config-if)#clock rate 56000 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 20 21. RJ45-DB9DB25 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 21 22. 1238 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 22 23. 1 2 3 45 67 8 568A 568B Straight-through568B568B Cross-over568A568B Roll-over http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 23 24. 1PC 2PC 3PC 4X 5X 6Uplink 7 Uplink http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 24 25. PC PC 1 2Windows XP Windows 2003 3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 25 26. 1POSTPower On Self Test 2ROMGeneric Boottrap Loader 3IOSInternetwork Operating System IOSFlashTftpROM IOSConfig Register 0x2102 boot systemFlashIOSTFTPIOSROMIOS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 26 27. 4 IOSNVRAM TFTPSetup http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 27 28. 1POST4 2NVRAMboot system IOS 3NVRAMboot system flashIOS 4flashIOSTFTP TFTP 5TFTPROMMINI IOS RXBOOT 6ROMMINI IOSMINI IOSRXBOOT IOSROMMON ROM Monitor http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 28 29. APAccess Point http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 29 30. 1802.112.4GHz 2Mbps100 2802.11b2.4GHz 5.511Mbps100~300 3802.11a5GHz 54Mbps5~10 4802.11g2.4GHz 54Mbps5~10 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 30 31. 802.11b802.112.4-2.4835GHzDSSS 11MbpsIEEE802.11 LAN55.5Mbps11Mbps 802.11b11Mbps5.5Mbps2Mbps 1Mbps802.11b 1MbpsDBPSKDifferential Binary Phase Shift Keying 2MbpsDQPSKDifferential Quart Phase Shift Keying 5.5/11MbpsCCKComplementary Code Keying 802.11b http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 31 32. 802.11a5GHz U-NII(unlicensed national information infrastructure) OFDM6Mbps-54Mbps 54Mb/s25Mbps691218243648 54Mbps502.11b802.11b802.11 802.11g802.11aOFDM54 Mbps802.11g2.4GHz 802.11b http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 32 33. 802.11 802.11b802.11a802.11g 2.4 GHz2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4GHz 1-2 Mbps 11 Mbps54 Mbps54 Mbps http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 33 34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 34 35. Access Point PCAPAP AP MAC WLAN2.4GHz http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 35 36. WLAN , WLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 36 37. Wireless-LAN 1 + 2 +Access Point(HUB) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 37 38. FHSSFrequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum FCC75 400ms2.5 802.11250ms483.5mhz 2483.5-2400791mhz FSKFrequency Shift Keying http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 38 39. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum [1][0]10chips[1][0] bit chipsSpreading RatioSpreading Ratio Spreading Ratio DSSSSpreading Ratio 2.4GHzSpreading Ratio20 IEEE802.11Spreading Ratio11IEEE802.11b http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 39 40. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 40 41. WLANSSIDMAC SSID1-32ASCIIAP 802.11SSIDAPAP SSIDIEEESSIDSSID SSID MAC802.11AP MACAPMAC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 41 42. IEEE 802.11WEPWLAN IEEE 802.1140 WEPJF APWEPWEP RC4Rivest Cipher 4 IEEE 802.11WLANWEP AP 4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 42 43. A B APA/B APAPAPAAPAAPAAPA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 43 44. A B APA/BAPAPAPAAPAChallengeWEPChallengeAPAAPAChallengeChallenge WLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 44 45. WEP AP AP RC4WEP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 45 46. WPAIEEE 802.1x 802.11xAP Supplicant EAP AP RADIUS / http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 46 47. 1APSupplicantEAP over LANEAPOL 2 3802.1xEAPSupplicant AP 4APRADIUS 5RADIUS 6RADIUSAP 7APEAPRADIUS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 47 48. 8RADIUS WEPEAPAPWEP AP 9APWEPWEPAP WEP 10AP802.1x http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 48 49. LEAPEAP-TLS EAP-PEAP /PKI/PKI /PKI1 2 3 OTP/LDAP N/A /CA/CA1 2SupplicantEAP-MS-CHAPv2SSO 364 http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005849 50. Ethernet 0Serial 0 SwitchRouterInternet Modem AuxConsole PSTN1Hyper Terminal Modem2WEB3TELNET4Dial http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 50 51. CLICommand Line Interface Cisco Router#show running-config CLIGUIGraphic User Interface http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 51 52. Com http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 52 53. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 53 54. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 54 55. COM1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 55 56. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 56 57. PCUSB XPLinux? Power on self test (POST) Load and run bootstrap code Find the IOS software Load the IOS software Find the configuration Load the configuration Run http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 57 58. SetupSetup--- System Configuration Dialog --- Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:y ctrl+c [ ]At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt. Default settings are in square brackets '[ ]'. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 58 59. [0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config. [1] Return back to the setup without saving this config. [2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit. Enter your selection [2]: http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005859 60. Router> > User Mode # Privileged ModeWindowsGuestUserAdministrator http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 60 61. router> router# router(config)# router(config-if)# router(config-router)# http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 61 62. exit logout router>disabl enable e router# exiconfig terminal Ctrl+Zt router(config)# exiinterface serial 0 endt router(config-if)# http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 62 63. Router>? Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface pingSend echo messages ppp Start IETF Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) resumeResume an active network connection--More --More-- http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 63 64. clock Router#? Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entryclearReset functionsclockManage the system clockconfigureEnter configuration mode http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 64 65. Router#clock clock % Incomplete command. Router#clock ?clock set Set the time and date set Router#clock set ? hh:mm:ss Current Time Router#clock set 18:04:34 ? Day of the month MONTH Month of the year http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005865 66. Router#clock set 18:04:34 16 3^ % Invalid input detected at '^' marker. 316 3 ^3march Router#clock set 18:04:34 16 march ? Year Router#clock set 18:04:34 16 march 2007 Router#show clock http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 66 67. CiscoRouter Router(config)#hostname name hostname Router(config)#hostname londonLondon ParisCairo http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 67 68. DTEDCEDCE ClockRate Router#show controllers serial 0 no cabledtedce DCE Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#clockrate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 68 69. Router(config)#interface ethernet 0 Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown no Router(config-if)#no ip address Description Shanghai(config-if)#description connect to BeijingS0 WANShanghai Beijing http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005869 70. Router#enabel Translating "enabel"...domain server (255.255.255.255) % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address enabel enabelIP Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 70 71. Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(7), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 3 hours, 30 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2500-i-l.121-7.bin" cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision F) with 16384K/2048K bytes of memory. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)show version 2 Serial network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration register is 0x2102 http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005871 72. router#show running-config RAM router#show startup-config NVRAM router#copy running-config startup-config router#write erase http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 72 73. Tab 10256 Router#terminal history size 256 Router#show terminal History is enabled, history size is 256. Router#show history http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 73 74. Web 1 2 NIC Ethernet 3Http 192.168.0.1192.168.0.254 Router(config)#ip http server 4 Router(config)#username name password password Router(config)#username abc password cisco 5 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 74 75. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 75 76. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 76 77. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 77 78. Telnet PCTelnetDOStelnet 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.1NICEthernet http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 78 79. 10.0.0.2 RA RB10.0.0.1 Telnet Router#telnet ip address name RA>telnet 10.0.0.2 IP Router(config)#ip host name ip address RA(config)#ip host sale 10.0.0.2 IP RA>telnet sale http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 79 80. Ctrl+Shift+6, x RA10.0.0.2 RB10.0.0.1Exit X RATelnetRBRA 1 RBexitTelnetRA 2 RBctrl+shift+6xCtrlShift6 XRA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 80 81. RB10.0.0.210.0.0.1 RA20.0.0.120.0.0.2 RCRATelnetRBRC 1 RA#show sessions ConnHost Address Byte Idle Conn Name1RB 10.0.0.200RB *2RC 20.0.0.200RC * http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005881 82. 2 RA#resume 1 1RB *RC 3 RA#disconnect 2 2RC 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 82 83. RA 10.0.0.1 RB 20.0.0.1 RC 10.0.0.220.0.0.2 Telnet TelnetRARCRBTelnetRB 1 RB#show users Line UserHost(s)Idle Location 4tty 4 incoming 00:10:43 RA RARC 16 tty 16 incoming00:10:46 RC 416 2 RB#clear line 16 16RCtelnet 4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 83 84. router(config)#enable secret cisco router(config)#enable password cisco1 enable cisco1cisco 1MD5/Clear text 2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 84 85. router(config)#line console 0 router(config-line)#login router(config-line)#password cisco logout http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 85 86. router(config)#line vty 0 4 router(config-line)#login router(config-line)#password cisco 0101212 32344354 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 86 87. 04 router(config)#line vty 0 router(config-line)#password cisco1 router(config)#line vty 1 2 router(config-line)#password cisco2 router(config)#line vty 3 4 router(config-line)#password cisco3 cisco1 cisco2cisco3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 87 88. router(config)#line vty 0 router(config-line)#login router(config-line)#no password router(config)#line vty 1 4 router(config-line)#login router(config-line)#password cisco http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 88 89. router(config)#service password-encryption http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 89 90. Router#show running-config line con 0password cisco Router#show running-config line vty 0 4password ciscoline con 0 password 7 110A1016141Dline vty 0 4 password 7 01100F175804 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 90 91. 0x102Ignores break9600 console baud 0x1202 1200 baud rate 0x2101 Boots into bootstrapIgnores breakBoots into ROM if initial boot fails9600 console baud rate 0x2102 Ignores breakBoots into ROM if initial boot fails9600 console baud rate default value for most platforms 0x2120 Boots into ROMmon19200 console speed http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 91 92. 0x2122 Ignores breakBoots into ROM if initial boot fails19200 console baud rate 0x2124 NetBootIgnores breakBoots into ROM if initial boot fails19200 console speed 0x2142 Ignores breakBoots into ROM if initial boot fails9600 console baud rate Ignores the contents of NonVolatile RAM(ignores configuration) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 92 93. 2500 1reload 260Sbreak ctrl+break 3>rom monitoro/r 0x2142 4iinitialize 5setup Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n 6router>enable 7router#copy startup-config running-config 8router#config terminal http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 93 94. 9router(config)#enable secret cisco cisco 10router(config)#exit 11router#copy running-config startup-configcisco http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 94 95. 12router#show version0x2142 0x2102 13router(config)#config-register 0x2102 14router#show version Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload) 15router#reload http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 95 96. 2600 1reload 260Sbreakctrl+break 3rommon1>rom monitorconfreg 0x2142 4rommon2>reset 5setup Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n 6router>enable 7router#copy startup-config running-config 8router#config terminal 9router(config)#enable secret cisco cisco http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 96 97. 10router(config)#config-register 0x2102 11router#copy running-config startup-config 12router#show version Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload) 13 router#reload http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 97 98. TFTPFlashIOS TFTPIOS/IOS TFTP/ http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 98 99. 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-8526132380005899 100. 2 192.168.1.254/24 PCTFTP192.168.1.253/24 router#ping 192.168.1.253 PCDOS C:>ping 192.168.1.254 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 100 101. 3TFTP TFTP TFTP TFTP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 101 102. 4IOS show flashshow versionIOSc2500-i- l.bin.bin copy copy IOSFLASH copy flash tftp5 copy running-config tftp copy startup-config tftp 6 TFTP / http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 102 103. 7/ IOS copy tftp flash 8 copy tftp running-config copy tftp startup-config http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 103 104. 8MFLASHshow flash System flash directory, partition 1: File LengthName/statusFlash 17883292 c2500-i-l.121-7.bin [7883356 bytes used, 505252 available, 8388608 total] 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) System flash directory, partition 2: No files in System flash [0 bytes used, 8388608 available, 8388608 total] 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 104 105. 1flash:2: Router#erase flash:2: 2flash Router(config)#partition flash 1 3show flash System flash directory: File LengthName/status 17883292 c2500-i-l.121-7.bin [7883356 bytes used, 8893860 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 105 106. tftpdnldIOS rommon 1 >IP_ADDRESS192.168.0.1(ip rommon 2 >IP_SUBNET_MASK255.255.255.0 rommon 3 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY192.168.0.2 rommon 4 >TFTP_SERVER192.168.0.2TFTPIP rommon 5 >TFTP_FILEc2600-i-mz.120-7.T.bin rommon 6 >sync rommon 7 >set rommon 8 >tftpdnldy http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 106 107. XmodemIOS 1IOS 2rommomxmodemymodemxmodem -rc c4500flash 3c4500flash 4 5ramflashIOSflash http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 107 108. CDPCisco Discovery Protocol/ 1 2 3Cisco 4 5 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 108 109. Router>show cdp Router>show cdp interface Router>show cdp neighbors Router>show cdp neighbors detail Router>show cdp entry * Router>show cdp entry rodrod http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 109 110. S0 S1RARBrb#show cdp neighbors Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme CapabilityPlatform Port ID RaSer 1 161 R 2500 Ser 0 Device ID Local IntrfceRB Holdtme CapabilityR Platform2500 Port ID RBSerial 1RA2500Serial 0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 110 111. S0 S1 RARB CDP60S180S RA5CDPRBRB RB6065RACDP 65RB 65RBRACDP RB180185RA CDP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 111 112. S0S1 CDP CDP Router(config)# ( no ) cdp run Router(config-if)# ( no ) cdp enable S1CDP Router(config)# cdp run Router(config)# interface serial 1 Router(config-if)# no cdp enable http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 112 113. IP IPIP323248 8 02554 172.16.122.204IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 113 114. IP IPIP IP IPIP IP IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 114 115. IP You have the binary number 10011101. Convert it to its decimal and hexadecimal equivalents. A. 158 B. 0x9D C. 156 D. 157 E. 0x19 F. 0x9F BD 110011101AC157 210011F9E 31101FF http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 115 116. IP150 0 75 1 37 1 18 09 14 02 01 150=10010110 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 116 117. IP How do you express the binary number 11111000 in decimal?A. 220B. 224C. 240 D. 248 E. 256D 111111111=255 2111=7 311111000=11111111-00000111=255-7=248 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 117 118. IP How would you express the number 231 in its binary form?A. 11011011B. 11110011 C. 11100111 D. 11111001E. 11010011 C 111111111=255 2255-231=24=16+8 311111111450 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 118 119. IPIP A0824 012700000000011111110 A1127 A1126126 A224-2=16777214 B101616 1281911000000010111111 B214=16384B216-2=65534 C110248 1922231100000011011111 C221=2097152C28-2=254 D1110224239 E11110240255 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 119 120. IP 10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 120 121. IP IP00101172.16.255.255 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0255.255.255.255 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 121 122. IP 172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.1.0 172.16.3.255172.16.2.0(Directed broadcast) 255.255.255.255 (Local network broadcast) X 172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 122 123. IP Subnet MaskIP 10321 AIP255.0.0.0 BIP255.255.0.0 C255.255.255.0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 123 124. IP IP IP IP IP1 0 IPIP IP10.2.45.1255.255.252.0 10.2.44.0IP 10.2.44.010.2.44.0/22/2222 221 00001010.00000010.00101101.00000001 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 124 125. IPClassless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 255.0.0.0/8(A) 255.128.0.0/9255.255.0.0/16(B) 255.192.0.0/10255.255.128.0/17 255.224.0.0/11255.255.192.0/18 255.240.0.0/12 255.255.255.0/24(C)255.255.224.0/19 255.248.0.0/13 255.255.255.128/25255.255.240.0/20 255.252.0.0/14 255.255.255.192/26255.255.248.0/21 255.254.0.0/15 255.255.255.224/27255.255.252.0/22 255.255.255.240/28255.255.254.023 255.255.255.248/29 255.255.255.252/30 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 125 126. IP subnetting IP IP 01 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 126 127. IP192.168.0.0C24 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000 |-------------------|--| 192.168.0.0/24 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000 |-------------------|---|----| 0000010100111001011101118 24+3=27/27 255.255.255.2245 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 127 128. IPBIP168.195.0.027 2n-2xxn 168.195.00000000.00000000 275 168.195.00000 000.00000000 168.195.00001 000.00000000168.195.11101 000.00000000 168.195.00010 000.00000000168.195.11110 000.00000000 168.195.11111 000.00000000 25=3230/21 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058128 129. IP 200.0.0.0/24ABCD 8 8IP8 200.0.0. 000000000 4 016 2n-2 n=38 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 129 130. IP 000 0 001 200.0.0.32/27 001 0000111110001 11111 010 200.0.0.64/27 010 0000111110001 11111 011 200.0.0.96/27 011 0000111110001 11111 100 200.0.0.128/27100 0000111110001 11111 101 200.0.0.160/27101 0000111110001 11111 110 200.0.0.192/27110 0000111110001 11111 111 0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058130 131. IP 0000111110 11111 100200.0.0.128/27 hostIP128+1=129100 0000110000000 +00000001IP128+30=158100 1111010000000+00011110 128+31=159100 1111110000000 +000111111 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 131 132. IP 200.0.0/24 8 200.0.0/24256IP82252551131 2550 31 225254 130 2243223363 7193223 22363 193222 3362 19264 616119136595 19195 161190 6594 16096497127 6129159 159128 127 129158 97126 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058132 133. IP C20 120538 28*3=2424/29 324+8=3232/29 4131 52530 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 133 134. IP BIP168.195.0.0700 2n-2xxn 168.195.00000000.00000000 70010 168.195.000000 00.00000000 168.195.000001 00.00000000168.195.111101 00.00000000 168.195.000010 00.00000000168.195.111110 00.00000000 168.195.111111 00.00000000 26=6462/22 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058134 135. IP 1 2 3 4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 135 136. IP Variable Length Subnet Masks(VLSM) VLSMIP VLSM RIPv2OSPFEIGRPBGP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 136 137. IP C200.1.1 A 60B 28C 20D 51 2D34 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 137 138. IP1 ABCD26 =6425=3225=3223=8 AIP606 20110 A200.1.1.01 000000~01 111111 200.1.1.65~126255.255.255.192 B200.1.1.100 00000~100 11111 200.1.1.129~158255.255.255.224 C200.1.1.110 000000~110 11111 200.1.1.193~222255.255.255.224 D200.1.1.1110 000~11100 111 200.1.1.225~230255.255.255.248 2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 138 139. IP 1A 2B 3C 4DD CBA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 139 140. IP D34C BDCA D A B http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 140 141. IPBAC D 10hosts 30hosts5hosts ABCD IP 192.168.0.13/28 192.168.0.4/30 192.168.0.5/30192.168.0.17/28 192.168.0.33/27 192.168.0.193/26 192.168.0.25/29 192.168.0.9/29 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 141 142. IP IPV6 WLAN2.5G3G IPv4 IP IP IPv6 IPv6IPv4IPv4 IPv6IPv4 QoSQuality of Service http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 142 143. IP 048162432 IHL IPv420bit+13 3 32bit IPv6+ 32bit 2 40bit8IPv6+ 048162432 128bit128bit http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058143 144. IPIPv6 IPv640bit IPv6 IPv6IPv4 IPv6 HeaderChecksum TTL IPv6IP MTU IPv664kbit/s http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 144 145. IPIPv6 IPv6IPv4 QoSIPv6 IPv6128bit IPv4IPv6IPv432bit 43IPIP IPv6128bitIPv4296 IPv6 1000IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 145 146. IP IPv6IPv4 IPv6 IPv63 Internet Internet Internet http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 146 147. IPIPv6 4/ IPv6 (Anycast)IPV6 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 147 148. - RIP IGRP EIGRP OSPF http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 148 149. Routing Protocol OSPFRIPIGRPEIGRP Routed protocol IPIPX IGPRIPIGRPOSPFEIGRPIS-IS BGPEGP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 149 150. IP (default gateway) IP IP IPIP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 150 151. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 151 152. 1destination address 2Router 3 4 5 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 152 153. Administrative DistanceAD 0~255 255 0 show ip route http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 153 154. Router>show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 CSerial010.0.0.0/8Ethernet0 192.168.0.0/24 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 154 155. ip route [dest-network] [mask] [next-hop addressexit interface][administrative distance] [permanent] ip route dest-network mask next-hop address exit interface administrative distance 1exit interfacenext-hop address0 permanentshutdown1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 155 156. Next Hop Address IP RA20.0.0.0/8IP10.0.0.2 30.0.0.0/8IP60.0.0.0/8 IP10.0.0.110/820.0.0.1 20/8 30.0.0.1 30/8 RARA RA 10.0.0.220.0.0.240.0.0.140/8 40.0.0.2 RA 50.0.0.1 50/850.0.0.2 RA 60.0.0.160/8 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 156 157. 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.240.0.0.0/8 RARB 20.0.0.1 30.0.0.120.0.0.2 RC 40.1.0.0/16 30.0.0.2 RD 40.1.1.0/24 RA ip route 40.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2 ip route 40.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 20.0.0.2 ip route 40.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 30.0.0.2 RA40.1.1.1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 157 158. 1 1 0 2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 158 159. S0S1S0 S1 RARB RC172.16.0.2/16172.16.0.1/16192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.2/24 C 172.16.0.0/16 C 172.16.0.0/16 C 192.168.0.0/24 C 192.168.0.0/24 A192.168.0.0/24 C172.16.0.0/16 B http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058159 160. S0S1S0 S1 RA RB RC 172.16.0.2/16172.16.0.1/16192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.2/24A Ra(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1 Ra#show ip route static S 192.168.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 C S 1RAping192.168.0.1 192.168.0.0 2RAping192.168.0.2 [1/0]3 via4 172.16.0.1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058160 161. S0S1S0 S1 RARB RC172.16.0.2/16172.16.0.1/16192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.2/24RAping192.168.0.1RA 192.168.0.0/24ping192.168.0.2 RBRCdebugRA Ping 192.168.0.1192.168.0.2 RB#debug ip packet RC#debug ip packet PingICMP Echo RequestICMP Echo Reply http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058161 162. AD 1100 2255 3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 162 163. ARIPAD RARBBAD 200A AB http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058163 164. 1CPU 2 3 1 2 3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 164 165. 10.0.0.2 RARB10.0.0.1Ra(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Rb(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 Ra200.0.0/24RbRbRa http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 165 166. Default Routingstub1 Ra(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.1 Ra#show ip routeS* 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 166 167. RA InternetRAISP Internetwww.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158) www.sohu.com (121.14.0.31) 59.61.32.211QQRA RA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058167 168. G H 20/870/8A 10/8 B30/8 C40/8 D50/8 E 60/8 FB B80/890/8I J 9 1AB 2GH 3B2 4CD http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058168 169. - RIP IGPEGP IGPInterior Gateway Protocol IGP EGPExterior Gateway Protocol EGP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 169 170. - RIP Autonomous SystemAS InternetARINAS 16IGRPEIGRPAS AS ASRIP EIGRP OSPF http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 170 171. - RIP 1 2 RIPIGRPEIGRPOSPF MetricHello Hello 10.0.0.0/8 RARB RCHello Hello 10/81 10/82 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058171 172. - RIP Distance Vector Link State SPF EIGRP CPU http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 172 173. - RIP LSALink State Advertisement SPFShortest Path FirstSPF 1LSA 2LSA 3SPFSPF SPF 4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 173 174. - RIP RIPRouting information Protocol V-D V-DVector-DistanceV-D Arpanet routing by rumor http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 174 175. - RIP19.2 kbps T1T1T1151530122 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 175 176. - RIP RIP ALocal E1 1 0 20RIPRIP BLocal E1 1 0 12 next hop CRouter2 S1 0 0 0 DRouter2 S1 0 0 0metric costRIP151618016 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058176 177. - RIP RIPRIP A B . . . 123 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 177 178. - RIP RIP 1update timer 30 2invalid timer180 3holddown timer holddown180180router 180 4route flush timer240 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 178 179. - RIP 20.0.0.2/8loopback 0 A B loopback 0 10.0.0.1/8 30.0.0.1/8 20.0.0.1/8RIP A C 10.0.0.0/8B C 20.0.0.0/8C 20.0.0.0/8 C 30.0.0.0/8 RIP Ra(config)#router rip Ra(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 Ra(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 Rb(config)#router rip Rb(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 Rb(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0RIP debug ip rip http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058179 180. - RIP S0S1 S0 S1 RA RB RC10.0.0.1/8 10.0.0.2/820.0.0.1/8 20.0.0.2/8rc(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 01:22:11: RIP: sending request on Serial1 to 255.255.255.255 //RIPRCSerial 1 01:22:11: RIP: received v1 update from 20.0.0.1 on Serial1 01:22:11:10.0.0.0 in 1 hops //RB //RC01:22:11 //30 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 180 181. - RIPRc#show ip route rip//RIP R10.0.0.0 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:07, Serial1 RRIP 10.0.0.0 RIP 120 1 via 20.0.0.1 10.0.0.010.0.0.020.0.0.120.0.0.1 00:00:07 77 serial0RcSerial1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 181 182. - RIP Rc#show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 7 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 //307 180180240 Redistributing: rip// Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface SendRecv Key-chain serial11112//V1V1V2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 182 183. - RIPAutomatic network summarization is in effect // Maximum path: 4 //4 Routing for Networks: // 20.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 20.0.0.112000:00:23 //20.0.0.123 Distance: (default is 120)//120 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 183 184. - RIP RIP V1Classful Classful ClassfulFLSM ClassfulDiscontiguous subnet Classless ClasslessVLSM ClasslessDiscontiguous subnet http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 184 185. - RIP ACRIP 10.0.0.2/820.0.0.2/8 A B Cloopback 010.0.0.1/820.0.0.1/8loopback 0 30.1.0.1/16 30.2.0.1/16RaRb30 RcRb1 301 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058185 186. - RIP 30A8RIR130.1/16 30.2/1630/8RbRaRc 30/8Rb CB30.0.0.0 A RIPDatagramIP 1RIP V 2 2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 186 187. - RIPRoc#debug ip rip 12 01:01:52: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (10.0.0.1) 01:01:52: RIP: build update entries 01:01:52:network 30.0.0.0 metric 1 1V1 Roc(config-router)#version 2 01:02:19: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1 (10.0.0.1) 01:02:19: RIP: build update entries 01:02:19:30.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 2V28 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 187 188. - RIP Roc(config-router)#no auto-summary 01:03:09: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1 (10.0.0.1) 01:03:09: RIP: build update entries 01:03:09:30.1.0.0/16 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 16 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 188 189. - RIPPassive Interface router(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0 router(config-router)#timers basic update invalid holddown flushed router(config-router)#distance 130 //120 router(config-router)#maximum-paths 6//4 RIP Router(config-if)#ip rip send/receive version 1 2 IP: Router(config)#ip classless http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058189 190. - RIP RIPV2Clear Text MD5 ABRA RB Ra(config)#key chain aaaRb(config)#key chain bbb Ra(config-key-chain)#key 1Rb(config-key-chain)#key 1 Ra(config-keychain-key)#key-string 1234 Rb(config-keychain-key)#key-string 1234 Ra(config)#interface serial 0 Rb(config)#interface serial 0 Ra(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode text Rb(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode text Ra(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain aaa Rb(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain bbb http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 190 191. - RIP AB 1234 123RA#debug ip rip 01:53:15: RIP: received packet with text authentication 123 01:53:15: RIP: ignored v2 packet from 10.0.0.2 (invalid authentication) A123 01:53:43: RIP: received packet with text authentication 123 01:53:43: RIP: received v2 update from 10.0.0.2 on Serial0 01:53:43: 20.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 191 192. - RIP key chainkey MD5 Rb(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 Rb(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain bbb http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 192 193. - RIP 10.0.0.2/8X 20.0.0.1/8RA 10.0.0.1/8RB431.520 1RA RB RA RBC 10/8 C 10/8 C 10/8 C 10/8 R 20/8 1 C 20/8 532RB 21RARIP2RB[R 20/8 1]RA1 RIP2[R 20/8 2]RA20/8RA RA RB C 10/8 C 10/8 C 20/8 R 20/8 1RA RB RA31RB32C 10/8 C 10/8 R 20/8 2 R 20/8 1 331RA RARB20/8 RBRA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058193 194. - RIP Split Horizon Triggered Update Route PoisoningPoison Reverse Holddown http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 194 195. - RIP RIP15 IGRP100255 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 195 196. - RIPS1:10.0.0.2/8 RB RA20.0.0.1/8 S0:10.0.0.1/8 20/8RA RBRA20/8 RBS120/8 20/82RARA20/8 RARB http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058196 197. - RIP10.0.0.2/8 X20.0.0.1/8 RA10.0.0.1/8RB RA3131.520/8 RARB61 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 197 198. - RIP 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 198 199. - RIPRA30/8 RB 30/810RA 30/8RC 30/88RC 30/811 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 199 200. - IGRP IGRPInterior Gateway Routing Protocol Cisco 1Bandwidth) 2Delay) 3load 4Reliability 5MTU http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 200 201. - IGRPIGRP 1IGRPCisco 2IGRP IGRPIGRPRIP IGRP IGRP 1(Interior) 2systemIGRP 3Exterior http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 201 202. - IGRPIGRP Bellman-Ford Metric=[K1 +(K2 )/(256-)+K3 ] [K5/( +K4] K2K4K50K1K31 Metric=107/MinBW+Delay/10 KK Router(config-router)#metric weights tos k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 Router(config-router)#default-metric bandwidth delay reliability load mtu http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 202 203. - IGRP IGRP100255 Router(config-router)#metric maximum-hops IGRP100 Router(config-router)#distance IGRPTimers Router(config-router)#TIMERS BASIC update invalid holddown flush 90 270 280 630 Router(config-router)#no metric holddown http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 203 204. - IGRP (Load Balancing) IGRP Router(config-router)#maximum-paths RIPIGRPEIGRP4 6 RIPIGRPEIGRP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 204 205. - IGRP S0:10.0.0.2/8S1:20.0.0.2/8 AB C S0:10.0.0.1/8S1:20.0.0.1/8RAdebug Ra#debug ip igrp events Ra(config)#router igrp 10 Ra(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 01:29:42: IGRP: broadcasting request on Ethernet0 01:29:42: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (10.0.0.1) RIPIGPR 01:29:42: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 0 system, and 0 exterior routes. IGRP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 205 206. - IGRPRa#show ip route igrp I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:02, Serial0 IIGRP 20.0.0.0/8 100IGRP 1047620.0.0.010476=107/1544+20000*2/10154420000SerialSerial 10.0.0.2 00:00:02 2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 206 207. - IGRP A S0:10.0.0.1/8 E0:30.0.0.1/8 S0:10.0.0.2/8 E0:30.0.0.2/8 B C S1:20.0.0.1/8 S1:20.0.0.2/8 RaI 20.0.0.0/8 [100/8576] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:01, Ethernet0 RbI 30.0.0.0/8 [100/8576] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial1 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0 Rc#I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/8576] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0 Ra20.0.0.0Ethernet0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 207 208. - IGRP Ra20.0.0.0/8 =107/1544+2*2000=10476 =107/1544+2000+100=8576 Ra RbSerial 0Serial 130.0.0.0 RcRa http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 208 209. - IGRPRa#show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "igrp 10"Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 19 seconds//Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 //KIGRP maximum hopcount 100 //100IGRP maximum metric variance 1//1Redistributing: igrp 10 //Maximum path: 4 //4Routing for Networks: // 20.0.0.0 30.0.0.0Routing Information Sources: GatewayDistance Last Update 20.0.0.110000:01:08 30.0.0.110000:00:00Distance: (default is 100)//100 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058209 210. - IGRP A S0:10.0.0.1/8 E0:30.0.0.1/8 S0:10.0.0.2/8 E0:30.0.0.2/8 B C S1:20.0.0.1/8 S1:20.0.0.2/8Variance11281Variance RaE020/88576S020/8 10476 Variance=1 RaRc Rb http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 210 211. - IGRP *Variance Variance285761715285762 Ra(config-router)#variance 2 Ra#show ip route igrp I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/8576] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0 [100/10476] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial1 Ra20 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 211 212. - EIGRPEIGRP DUAL EIGRP 1PDMsProtocol-Dependent Modules (PDMs IPIPXAppleTalk 2Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) RTPEIGRPRTP 16 3Neighbor Discovery/Recovery (/) 4Diffusing Update AlgorithmDUAL http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 212 213. - EIGRPEIGRP Hello T1hello515T1 hello60180 EIGRP EIGRP VLSM IPIPXAppleTalk DUAL EIGRPIGRP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 213 214. - EIGRP EIGRPHello EIGRPIP SRTT EIGRP EIGRPEIGRP224.0.0.10Hello HelloEIGRPASK ASK http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 214 215. - EIGRPEIGRPDUALDiffusing Update Algorithm 1 2VLSM 3 4 5 DUAL DUAL 1 2 3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 215 216. - EIGRPEIGRP5 Hello224.0.0.10 Update 16 QueryEIGRP query300s Replyquery EIGRP replyReply 3 16 ACKUpdateQueryReplyAck DUALEIGRPRTP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 216 217. - EIGRP EIGRP ASEIGRPAS EIGRP90EIGRP170 IGRP24EIGRP32 EIGRPIGRP256 EIGRP Successor Feasible Successor http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 217 218. - EIGRPFDFDFeasible DistanceAD AB ADAdvised Distance Metric=10000 RDReported Distance Successor C Metric=20000 FSFeasible Successor AD1 AB10000C 20000AB BSuccessor CFSCFD AD1ping 10.0.0.2 Sending 5, 100 byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.2 timeout is 2 seconds: 10.0.0.2 !!!!!RARB10.0.0.1 Success rate is 100 percent http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 290 291. PingICMP . Ping ICMP UICMP CICMP &ICMP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 291 292. Traceroute Traceroute Traceroute3 (ms)IP TracerouteICMP TTL * ICMP TTL York#traceroute RomeParis Tracing the route to Rome (172.16.33.5) 172.16.16.2172.16.33.5 1 London (172.16.12.3) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msecRome 2 Paris (172.16.16.2) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msce 3 Rome (172.16.35.5) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec York 172.16.12.3 London http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 292 293. TracerouteICMPIPTTLTime To Live tracerouteTTL1 TTL1TTL0 icmp time exceeded TTL2 TTL1 icmp time exceeded traceroute Traceroute 30000 ICMP port unreachable http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 293 294. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 294 295. IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD/Carrier Sensor Multiple Access /Collision Detection http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 295 296. 10Mbps25 100Mbps35 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 296 297. VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 297 298. HUBPhysical Layer Bridge Data Link Layer Switch Data Link Layer VLAN VLANVLAN Router Network Layer http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 298 299. CSMA/CDCarrier Sensor Multi Access/Collision Detection CSMA/CD CSMA CSMA/CD http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 299 300. CSMA CSMA CSMA / CSMA/CD http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 300 301. CSMACD http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 301 302. 1 2 3 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 302 303. 1P 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 303 304. 1- http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 304 305. P- P1-P 2 P-1- P N N*PPNP1 PNP1P http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 305 306. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 306 307. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 307 308. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 308 309. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 309 310. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 310 311. http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 311 312. 1995 ASIC OSI2MAC MAC MACMAC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 312 313. 1address learningMAC /MAC 2/forward/filter decisions MACMAC 3loop avoidance STP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 313 314. MAC Media Access ControlMAC MACROM MAC MAC64824 IEEE24 MAC00-20-ED-6B-EE-B7 IOSMAC 0020.ed6b.eeb7 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 314 315. MAC MACMAC MAC MACMAC MACMAC MACshow mac-address-table show mac-address-table aging-time show mac-address-table count http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 315 316. HostA HostBMac:aaaa 1X 2XMac:bbbb MACABA MACMAC MAC B MACMAC MACMAC MACMAC 30 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 316 317. HostA HostB Mac:aaaaMac:bbbb IP:10.0.0.11X 2XIP:10.0.0.2HostAHostBPCARP MAC 1HostAHostBIP10.0.0.1IP10.0.0.2MAC aaaaMACffff 2MAC MAC1X----AAAA 3 4HostBARPIP10.0.0.2 IP10.0.0.1MACbbbbMACaaaa 5MAC2X----BBBB 6MACMACMACaaaa 1x1x http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058317 318. HostA HostBMac:aaaaMac:bbbbIP:10.0.0.11X 2XIP:10.0.0.27HostAARP 8HostAHostBARP MACHostAHostB 1X2XHostAHostB ARPMAC 9HostC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058318 319. 1cut-throughfastforwardreal time 2fragmentfree64Catalyst 1900 64 64 3store-and-forward CRC CRC latency http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 319 320. PreambleSFDDA SALengthDATAFCS 6 bytes1 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes Up to 1500 bytes 4 bytes Cut throughFragment Free Store and Forward http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058320 321. 100M bps100M bps 10/100M 16 168 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 321 322. Mpps MppsMillion Packet Per Second G bps G bps http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 322 323. 1 Address learning 2/ Forward/filter decision 3 Loop avoidance http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 323 324. interface type mod/port Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/10 interface range type mod/startport - endport Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 - 24 speed [10|100|1000|auto] Switch(config-if)#speed 100 duplex [full|half|auto] Switch(config-if)#duplex full Switch(config-if)#(no) negotiation auto http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 324 325. Switch(config)#interface vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#ip address VLAN1VLAN1 VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 325 326. MAC MAC Switch(config)#mac-address-table secure 0008.a343.b581 Switch(config)#interface fastethernet0/12 Switch(config-if)#port-security maximum 1 Switch(config-if)#port-security violation shutdown http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 326 327. 1modeLED // 2switch: flash_init //flash 3rename flash:config.text flash:*** //flash*** 4switch: boot // 5Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n //config.text SetupNo http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 327 328. 6Switch>enable // 7Switch#rename flash:*** flash:config.text //3 8Switch#copy flash:config.text system:running-config // 9Switch(config)#enable secret cisco // 10Switch#copy running-config startup-config // http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 328 329. XMACSpanning Tree ProtocolSTPDEC802.1dSTP2BPDUBridge Protocol Data UnitSTPSTPSpanning-Tree AlgorithmSTA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 329 330. Server/host Broadcast Loop LoopLoopWorkstations http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 330 331. Root BridgeBridge ID Bridge IDMACID Nonroot Bridge Root Port Bridge ID Designated Port Port Cost nondesignated port Blocking Mode) Forwarding Port) Blocked Port Listen http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 331 332. STP STP 1 1 Bridge ID Bridge IDSTA Bridge IDSTPID8 2Bridge Priority327686Bridge MAC IEEESTP32768 MACMAC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 332 333. 2 10Gbps2 1Gbps4 100Mbps19 10Mbps100 3 Bridge ID http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 333 334. ABCDMACAABBCCDD1AAAMAC BBBCCC MACA DDD A http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 334 335. 2 AAA 100M BBB CCCBBA1x19BDCA3*19=57B2x1xAB10MB DDD A100 B2x http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 335 336. Bridge ID 100MDBridge ID AAA BCDC BBB CCCDCBMAC DDDBMACCDBC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 336 337. AAA BBB CCCDDD http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 337 338. STP5 1BlockingMAC MACBPDU 2ListeningBPDU BPDU 3LearningBPDUMAC MAC BPDU 4Forwarding BPDU 5DisabledSTP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 338 339. 15 1520 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 339 340. Switch#show spanning-tree// Switch#show spanning-tree brief// Switch#show spanning-tree vlan 1 //VLAN Switch#show spanning-tree interface fastethernet 0/1// Switch(config)#spanning-tree priority//STP Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree cost //STP Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree port-priority//STP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 340 341. Alternate Port Backup Port/ / Edge Port http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 341 342. Virtual Local Area NetworkVLAN Multicast Frame VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 342 343. 1x5x 2xVLAN1 VLAN2 6x 3x7x 4x8x VLAN 1 VLAN8 VLAN8VLAN 2 VLAN VLANVLAN VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058343 344. SwitchA Vlan 2 SwitchBVlan 1Vlan 3SwitchC3 VLANVLAN VLANVLANSTP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 344 345. Access PortVLAN VLAN VLAN Trunk PortVLAN VLAN Trunk PortVlan 1Vlan 3Access Port Vlan 2Vlan 3 Vlan 2 Vlan 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 345 346. VLAN VLANVLAN VLANVLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLANVLAN MAC MACVLANMAC VLAN VLANIP VLAN VLAN VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 346 347. VLAN vlan vlan-id name vlan-name vlan-id VLAN vlan-name VLAN Switch#vlan database Switch(vlan)#vlan 2 name abc Switch(vlan)#apply Switch(vlan)#exit Switch# VLAN 1VLAN 1 VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 347 348. VLANSwitch#show vlanVLANNameStatus Ports------------------------- --------1 default activeFa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4,Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8,Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16,Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20,Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/241002fddi-defaultactive1003token-ring-defaultactive1004fddinet-default active1005trnet-default active http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 348 349. switchport access vlan vlan-id vlan-idVLANidVLAN Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2 VLANF0/1VLAN1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 349 350. VLANVTP VLAN VLAN Vlan10...... Vlan10 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 350 351. VLAN VLANVLAN VLAN VLAN Vlan10 ......Vlan10 Vlan10 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058351 352. VLAN VLAN Trunk Link 100Mbps Vlan10 Vlan20 VlanTrunk Vlan10 Vlan20 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 352 353. VLAN VLANTag VLANVLAN VLAN Frame taggingVLAN ID VLAN ID VLAN IEEE 802.1QISL802.1Q IEEEVLAN dot1q 802.1QVLANMAC Type Field2TPID2 TCI4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 353 354. Ethernet MAC MAC CRC6 bytes6 bytes 2 bytes 46~1500 bytes 4 bytesIEEE 802.1Q MAC MACTPID TCI CRC6 bytes6 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 46~1500 bytes 4 bytes http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 354 355. ISLInter Switch LinkCisco VLAN ISL26ISL ISL 4CRCISLCRC CRC30 ISLISLCRC CRC CiscoISLISLASICISL 1024VLAN ISLIEEE802.1QISLCisco http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 355 356. EthernetMAC MAC CRC 6 bytes6 bytes2 bytes46~1500 bytes 4 bytes ISL ISLMACMAC CRCCRC 26 bytes6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 46~1500 bytes 4 bytes4 bytesVLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 356 357. switchport mode trunktrunking Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation [isl|dot1q] Switchport mode trunk trunkingno switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk encapsulation isldot1q http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 357 358. VTPVLAN Trunking ProtocolVLAN VLAN VTPVLANVTP VTPVTPVTPISL IEEE802.1Q VTPVLANVTP VLANVTP VLAN VLANVTPVTPVTP VLANVTP VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 358 359. VTPServerClientTransparent VLANVTPVLAN Server VLANVLANVLAN VTP ClientVLAN NVRAMVLANVLAN VTPVLAN VLAN TransparentVLAN VLANVLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 359 360. ABCVTP AVLANAVTP 1 BB VLANVLANVLANB CVLANVLAN AServerBTransparent CClient http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 360 361. VTPvtp domain domain_name vtpVLAN VTP domain_namevtp VLAN Switch(vlan)#vtp domain cisco VTPvtp [server|client|transparent] vlanVTP Switch(vlan)#vtp server http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 361 362. Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //VLANVLAN Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation isl dot1q Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all //VLAN Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 3 //VLAN 3 Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 4 //VLAN 4 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058362 363. Switch#show vtp status VTP Version :2 Configuration Revision: 10 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 68 Number of existing VLANs:8 VTP Operating Mode: Server VTP Domain Name : cisco VTP Pruning Mode: Disabled http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 363 364. Configuration Revision VLANApply 10 VTPVLANVLAN VTPVLANTrunk LinkAServer10BClient12 VLAN45678 Vlan23456 VLAN VLANVTP VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 364 365. VLANVLAN VLANVLAN VLAN VLAN Vlan1Vlan3Vlan2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 365 366. VLAN route on a stick FastEthernet 0.2 192.168.2.1 Vlan 2 192.168.2.0/24FastEthernet 0.3 192.168.3.1 Vlan 3 192.168.3.0/24Trunk PortFastethernet 0/0.1Fastethernet 0/0.2 Vlan2 Vlan3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058366 367. VLANIP IPVLAN VLANVLAN Trunkrouter(config-if)#int f0/0.1 Trunkrouter(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 1//VLAN 1 Trunkrouter(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 Trunkrouter(config-if)#int f0/0.2 Trunkrouter(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 2//VLAN 2 Trunkrouter(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 367 368. IP ASIC MAC IP VLAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 368 369. 1 / G bit/s / 2 IP/IPX http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 369 370. 3 AIPBMAC ARPMACAIPIP B AARPBMACA MAC MAC AARP B MACABMAC ARPBMAC A ABMAC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 370 371. PPP ISDNDDR Frame Relay NAT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 371 372. WANWide Area Network WAN ()WANOSI 3 ISPWAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 372 373. WAN T3/E345Mbit/s HDLCPPP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 373 374. ISDN WAN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 374 375. PVCSVC ATM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 375 376. HDLCPPPSLIP X.25FRATM ISPPPPSLIPHDLC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 376 377. HDLCCisco PPP PAPCHAP DHCP SLIPInternetTCP/IP PPP LAPBDTEDCE 1X.25 Frame-Relay ATM 53 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 377 378. PPP PPPPoint-to-Point Protocol PPPLCP NCPPPPNCPLCP WANLayer 3IPIPX NCP SublayerLayer 2LCP SublayerLayer 1EIA/TIA-232V.24V.35 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 378 379. PPPLCPPPP PAPCHAP Compression Error DetectionQualityMagic Number MultilinkIOS11.1 Callback LCP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 379 380. PPP PPP 1PPPLCP 2 3PPPNCP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 380 381. PPPRouterA#show int s0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) LCP Open Listen: IPXCP Open: IPCP, CDPCP, ATCP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 381 382. PPP PAPPassword Authentication Protocol NASNetwork Access Server CHAPChallenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol NASID Arbitrary Challenge String MD5ID http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 382 383. PPP PPP PPP PPP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 383 384. PPPPPP encapsulation PPP username username password password usernamepassword ppp authentication {chap | chap pap | pap chap | pap} [list-name ] [callin] compress mppc|predictor|stac http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058384 385. PPP PAP ABC 123456ABC ABC123456/123456 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 385 386. PPPRaRbra(config)#interface serial 0 ra(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 ra(config-if)#encapsulation ppp ra(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username roa password abcd rb(config)#username roa password abcd rb(config-if)#interface Serial0 rb(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 rb(config-if)#encapsulation ppp rb(config-if)#ppp authentication pap debug ppp authentication http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 386 387. PPP CHAP HashMD5 / ABC ABC 123456 123456 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 387 388. PPPRa Rb ra(config)#username rb password abcd ra(config-if)#interface Serial0 ra(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 ra(config-if)#encapsulation ppp ra(config-if)#ppp authentication chap rb(config)#username ra password abcd rb(config-if)#interface Serial0 rb(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 rb(config-if)#encapsulation ppp rb(config-if)#ppp authentication chap http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 388 389. ISDNDDRISDNIntegrated Service Digital Network IDN ISDNITU-TOSI ISDN dial-on-demandDDR http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 389 390. ISDNDDR ISDNRRISDN 134 ISDN ISDN 2 7B D /7 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058390 391. ISDNDDR B64Kbit/s ISDN DISDN BBRIBasic Rate Interface2B1D 2B+DD16Kbit/s BPRIPrimary Rate Interface30B+D D64Kbit/s23B+DD 64Kbit/s ISDN PRI23B+D1.544Mbps ISDN PRI30B+D2.048Mbps ISDN PRI30B+D http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 391 392. ISDNDDR CM U L7 L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058392 393. ISDNDDRISDNISDN C U MISDN CUMM CUCU http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 393 394. ISDNDDR B, BD BU DC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 394 395. ISDNDDRISDNISDN NT1 R R S NT2U STNT2 NT1 T UNT1 U ISDNISDN (Function Point) (Reference Point) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 395 396. ISDNDDR NT1Network Terminal 1OSIISDN NT1D NT2Network Terminal 2OSI TE1Terminal Equipment 1ISDN TE2Terminal Equipment 2ISDN TATerminal AdapterTE2ISDNTE2 ISDN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 396 397. ISDNDDR TNT1NT2 NT1NT2 STE1NT2ISDN U RTE2TAISDN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 397 398. ISDNDDR (NT) NT1 NT1 NT2 ISDN ISDN ISDNISDN ISDN TA128 ISDNISDN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 398 399. ISDNDDRISDN Router(config)# isdn switch-type //basic-net3 Router(config-if)# isdn switch-type SPID ISDN Router(config-if)#isdn spid1 [ ldn ] Router(config-if)#isdn spid2 [ ldn ] Router(config-if)#dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [dial-string] PPP Router(config-if)#ppp multilink http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058399 400. ISDNDDRB Router(config-if)#dialer load-threshold load ISDN Router#show isdn {active | history | memory | services | status [dsl | interface-type number] | timers} PPP Router(config-if)#ppp callback accept PPP Router(config)#map-class dialer classname dialer map Router(config-if)#dialer callback-server [username] PPP Router(config-if)#ppp callback request http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 400 401. ISDNDDR debug dialer debug isdn event debug isdn q921 debug isdn q931 debug ppp authentication debug ppp error debug ppp negotiation debug ppp packet show dialer show isdn status http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 401 402. ISDNDDR DDRDial on Dcmand Routing DDR DDR4 ; "" http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 402 403. ISDNDDRCorporateDallasPSTNChicago ISDN I need to send data to Dallas. PSTNISDN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058403 404. ISDNDDRInteresting 1 packet arrives 2 3 DCE 4 5DDR http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 404 405. ISDNDDRInteresting packet arrives Dial connectionDCEISDN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 405 406. ISDNDDR Router(config)#ip route [dest-network] [mask] [next-hop addressexit interface] dialer-list Router(config)# dialer-list protocol permit access-list Router(config)# dialer-list protocol list http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 406 407. ISDNDDR Router(config-if)# Dialer map [name ] [speed 56|64] [broadcast] dial-string Name Broadcast DDR Router(config-if)# dialer-group Router(config-if)#dialer load-threshold [outbound | inbound | either ] Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 120 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058407 408. ISDNDDR Router#show dialer Router#show isdn active Router#show isdn status http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 408 409. Frame RelayFrame RelayOSI CCITT ANSI X.25X.25 X.25 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 409 410. Frame Relay CPEDTE DCE DTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 410 411. Frame Relay LANWAN 64k 2M X.25SNADECNETTCP/IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 411 412. Frame Relay CAD/CAM/ http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 412 413. Frame Relay DTE DLCI SVC PVC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 413 414. Frame RelaySVC DTESVC4 DTE DTE DTE SVC DTE DTE SVCSVCDCE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 414 415. Frame Relay PVC DTESVCPVC PVC DTE DTE SVCPVC PVCDTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 415 416. Frame Relay DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier 10 DLCI DLCI DLCIDLCI 12 22 89Frame Relay 57 DTE DTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 416 417. Frame Relay FECN BECN FECNBECNFECN BECNDE DEDiscard Eligibility DTEDE1 DCEDE DE1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 417 418. Frame Relay Forward Explicit Congestion Notification FECN 1FECN DTEDCE FECN1 DTE1FECN DTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 418 419. Frame Relay Backward Explicit Congestion Notification BECN 1BECN FECNDCE BECN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 419 420. Frame Relay CRCCRC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 420 421. Frame RelayLMILocal Management Interface LMI CPE LMI LMIDLCI DLCIDTELMI Keepalives LMIDLCI10191022 LMIDLCI DTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 421 422. Frame RelayDTEDCE PVC PVC active inactiveup deletedLMI mapping LMIIOS 11.2 LMICisco LMIciscoansiq933a CiscoLMICiscoIOS11.2LMI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 422 423. Frame Relay CIRCommitted Information Rate Inverse ARP DLCI Committed BurstT Excess BurstT OversubscribeCIR oversubscribe http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 423 424. Frame Relay FlagsAddress DataFCSFlags 8bytes 16bytes (Variable)16bytes8bytes http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058424 425. Frame Relay Flags 01111110 Address DLCI10DLCI DTE DLCIDLCI FECNBECNDE 3 Data 16000 PDU FCSFCS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 425 426. Frame Relay IARPIP 1CSU/DSU 2 3PVCDLCI PVC 4DLCIIARP IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 426 427. Frame Relay5IARP DLCI IARPIARP 660SDLCIIARP 710Skeepalive http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 427 428. Frame Relay 1DLCI 2DLCI 3DLCI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 428 429. Frame Relay NBMANon-Broadcast MultiaccessRRR R RRR R R RRRR http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 429 430. Frame Relay IP DLCI LMIIOS11.1 LMIIOS11.2LMI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 430 431. Frame Relay encapsulation frame-relay [cisco|ietf] CiscociscoCisco ietf DLCI frame-relay interface-dlci dlci-number [broadcast] dlci-numberDLCI161007 DLCI frame-relay map protocol-type protocol-address dlci [broadcast] protocol-typeIPIPX protocol-address broadcast http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 431 432. Frame RelayLMI frame-relay lmi-type {ansi | cisco | q933a} LMI show frame-relay lmi show frame-relay map show frame-relay pvc show frame-relay route http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 432 433. Frame Relay FRR2R1SwitchR1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.2 102 cisco R2(config)#interface serial 0 R2(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 201 cisco http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 433 434. Frame RelayFR(config)#frame-relay switching// FR(config)#interface serial 0 FR(config-if)#no ip address FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay FR(config-if)#clockrate 64000 FR(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco FR(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1 201 FR(config-if)#interface serial 1 FR(config-if)#no ip address FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay FR(config-if)#clockrate 64000 FR(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco FR(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface serial 0 102 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 434 435. Frame Relay RaRc S1.1:20.0.0.1 dlci 100 FRS1.2 30.0.0.2 dlci 400 loopback 0:10.0.0.1S0 Switch S2loopback 0:40.0.0.1 S1S1.1:20.0.0.2 dlci 200S1.2:30.0.0.1 dlci 300Rb http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058435 436. Frame RelayRa(config)#interface loopback0 Ra(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Ra(config-if)#interface serial 1 Ra(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Ra(config-if)#interface serial 1.1 point-to-point Ra(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Ra(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 100 Ra(config)#router rip Ra(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 Ra(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 Ra(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 436 437. Frame RelayRb(config-if)#interface serial 1 Rb(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Rb(config-if)#interface serial 1.1 point-to-point Rb(config-if)# ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Rb(config-if)# frame-relay interface-dlci 200 Rb(config-if)#interface serial 1.2 Rb(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Rb(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 300 Rb(config)#router rip Rb(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 Rb(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 Rb(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.1 Rb(config-router)#neighbor 30.0.0.2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 437 438. Frame RelayRc(config)#interface loopback0 Rc(config-if)#ip address 40.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Rc(config-if)#interface serial 1 Rc(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Rc(config-if)#interface serial 1.1 point-to-point Rc(config-if)# ip address 30.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Rc(config-if)# frame-relay interface-dlci 400 Rc(config)#router rip Rc(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 Rc(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 Rc(config-router)#neighbor 30.0.0.1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 438 439. Frame Relay fr(config)#frame-relay switching fr(config-if)#interface Serial 2 fr(config)#interface Serial 0fr(config-if)#no ip address fr(config-if)#no ip addressfr(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay fr(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayfr(config-if)#clockrate 64000 fr(config-if)#clockrate 64000fr(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco fr(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco fr(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dcefr(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce fr(config-if)#frame-relay route 100 interface Serial 1 200 fr(config-if)#frame-relay route 400 interface fr(config-if)#interface Serial 1 Serial 1 300 fr(config-if)#no ip address fr(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay fr(config-if)#clockrate 64000 fr(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco fr(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce fr(config-if)#frame-relay route 200 interface Serial 0 100 fr(config-if)#frame-relay route 300 interface Serial 2 400 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 439 440. NAT NATNetwork Address TranslationIETF Intranet Internet NAT NATInternetNAT IPInternetNAT NAT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 440 441. NATNATADSL NAT NATStaticNATPooledNAT NAPTPort Level NAT NAT NAT NAT IPIP NAPTNetwork Address Port Translation IPNAPT IP NAT IPNATTCP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 441 442. NAT Inside Local AddressIP Inside Global AddressIP Outside Local AddressIP Outside Global AddressIP Internet InsideOutside http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 442 443. NAT Router(config-if)#ip nat { inside | outside } Router(config)#ip nat pool pool-name start-ip end-ip { netmask netmask | prefix-length prefix-length } pool-name start-ipend-ip netmask prefix-length http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 443 444. NAT Router(config)#ip nat inside source { list access-list-number pool name [overload] | static local-ip global-ip } access-list-number overload static local-ip global-ip Router(config)#ip nat inside source list access-list-number interface interface-type [overload] http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 444 445. NAT NAT Router(config)#ip nat translation timeout seconds NATRouter(config)#show ip nat translations NAT Router(config)# show ip nat statistics NAT Router(config)# clear ip nat translation * NAT Router(config)# clear ip nat translation http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058445 446. NAT NATIP NAT NATNAT IP NAT NATIPS1192.168.0.1S120.0.0.2 R1 R2 R3S0192.168.0.2 S020.0.0.1R2NATR3R1 NAT192.168.0.220.0.0.2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058446 447. NAT R2(config)#interface serial 1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#ip nat inside// R2(config-if)#interface serial 0 R2(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 R2(config-if)#ip nat outside // R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.0.2 20.0.0.3 //192.168.0.220.0.0.3 R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0 // http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 447 448. NAT R1 (config)#no ip routing // R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1 // R3(config-if)#interface serial 1 R3(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 448 449. NAT R1#ping 20.0.0.2 R2#debug ip nat R2# 02:15:51: NAT*: s=192.168.0.2->20.0.0.3, d=20.0.0.2 [509] 02:15:51: NAT*: s=20.0.0.2, d=20.0.0.3->192.168.0.2 [509] R2R1192.168.0.2IP20.0.0.3IP 20.0.0.2 R320.0.0.3 R2R320.0.0.3IP 192.168.0.2IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 449 450. NATR2#show ip nat statistics Total active translations: 1 (1 static, 0 dynamic; 0 extended) Outside interfaces:Serial0 Inside interfaces:Serial1 NAT11 0S1S0 R2#show ip nat translations Pro Inside global Inside local Outside localOutside global --- 20.0.0.3192.168.0.2 ------ http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058450 451. NATNAT Inside Global Address 20.0.0.3 ~ 20.0.0.4 S1192.168.0.1R1R2 R3 S0S020.0.0.1 S120.0.0.2 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.4 R2(config)# ip nat pool test 20.0.0.3 20.0.0.4 netmask 255.0.0.0 //testNAT R2(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool test //1testIP R2(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 //192.168.0.0/24 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058451 452. NAT R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.3 255.255.255.0 secondary R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.4 255.255.255.0 secondary R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1 R1(config)#no ip routing R3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 452 453. NAT R1#ping 20.0.0.2 R2#debug ip nat R2# 00:28:00: NAT*: s=192.168.0.2->20.0.0.3, d=20.0.0.2 [25] 00:28:00: NAT*: s=20.0.0.2, d=20.0.0.3->192.168.0.2 [25] R2#sh ip nat translation Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global --- 20.0.0.3192.168.0.2 ------ http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 453 454. NAT R1ping192.168.0.3 R2#sh ip nat translation Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global --- 20.0.0.3192.168.0.2--- --- --- 20.0.0.4192.168.0.3--- --- NAT R1ping192.168.0.4 R2debug http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 454 455. NAT R2#clear ip nat translation * //24 NATR3 ping NAT R2#clear ip nat translation inside 20.0.0.3 192.168.0.2 NAT R2(config)#ip nat translation timeout 60 //NAT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 455 456. NATNAPTInside Global Address20.0.0.3 ~ 20.0.0.3S1192.168.0.1 R1R2 R3S0S020.0.0.1 S120.0.0.2192.168.0.2192.168.0.3192.168.0.4 overloading inside global addresses PATPort Address Translation IP IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058456 457. NAT R2(config)#ip nat pool test 20.0.0.3 20.0.0.3 netmask 255.0.0.0 //testNAT20.0.0.3 R2(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool test overload //overload1 IPlabNAT IP R2(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 R1R3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058457 458. NATR1#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 20.0.0.2 Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: 192.168.0.3 R2#show ip nat translations Pro Inside global Inside local Outside localOutside global icmp 20.0.0.2:2032 192.168.0.3:2032 20.0.0.3:2032 20.0.0.3:2032 20.0.0.3 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058458 459. AAARPAppleTalk AppleTalk AC Access listCisco/ Access server ACKacknowledgment Active hub Adapter Address http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 459 460. AAddress mapping X.25IP IPX.25IPX.25 Address mask Address resolution Address Resolution Protocol Adjacency Adjacent nodes1SNA 2DECnetOSI FDDI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 460 461. AAdministrative distance Cisco0255 Advertising Algorithm AppleTalk Application layerOSIOSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 461 462. AAreaCLNS-DECnet-OSPF Area border router ARPIPMAC ARPANET1969 BBNARPANETARPA DARPAARPANETARPANET 1990 ARQ ASautonomous system ASBROSPFOSPF ASBRsOSPFRIPASBR OSPF ASCII87 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 462 463. AAsynchronous Transfer ModeATM 53 ATME3SONETT3 Asynchronous transmission Attachment unit interface MAUNIC IEEE 802.3AUIAUI AUI Attenuation Autonomous system LANA 16 Autonomous system boundary router http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 463 464. BBack bone Backbone cablingPOP Back off Backward explicit congestion notification Backward learning A CBA CB Bandwidth Bandwidth reservation http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 464 465. BBasebandEthernet broadband Baud 1bps Bc CIR B channelBISDN64Kbps BeBc Be DEBeBc BECN DTEBECN Bellman-Ford routing algorithm- http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 465 466. BBGPEGP BGP44.0BGP4.0 4CIDR Binary101=0 BISDNITU-T BISDNSONETATM 155622Mbps Bit01 Bit ratebps Bits per secondbps Blocking http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 466 467. BBNC connectorBNCIEEE 802.3 10Base2 MAU BOOTPIP Boot PROM Border gateway Border Gateway Protocol BPDU BRIISDN BD Bridge OSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 467 468. BBridge protocol data unit Broadband ISDN Broadcast Broadcast address Broadcast domain Broadcast storm Buffer Bus http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 468 469. BBus topology Byte8 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 469 470. C Cable Cable television CAM Content-addressable memory Carrier Carrier Detect Carrier sense multiple access collision detect Category 1 cablingEIA/TIA-568B Category 2 cablingEIA/TIA-568B 4Mbps http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 470 471. CCategory 3 cablingEIA/TIA-568B 10BaseT 10Mbps Category 4 cablingEIA/TIA-568B 16Mbps Category 5 cablingEIA/TIA-568B CDDI 100Mbps CCITT CD CDDICopper Distributed Data Interface FDDI 100100Mbps http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 471 472. CCDPCisco Cisco Cisco CiscoSNAP ATM CellATM 548 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Channel1 2IBM Channel service unit http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 472 473. CCHAP Checksum CIDRBGP4 CIDRIP CIR CIR tariff metrics Circuit http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 473 474. CCircuit switching Class of service1 SNACOS COS TOSTOS 2 OSI CLIATM Client Coaxial cable 50-ohm 75-ohm Coding http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 474 475. CCollision Collision detection Collision domain Committed information rate Concentrator Conductor Configuration register 16 16 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 475 476. CCongestion Congestion avoidance LightStreamATM CA Connectionless Connection-oriented Connection-Oriented Network Protocol ConsoleDTE Convergence/ Core gateway http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 476 477. C Core router Cost/ Count to infinity CPE CRCCyclic redundancy check http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 477 478. CCross talk CSMA/CD CSMA/CDIEEE 802 CSU DSUCSU/DSU CTS1EIA/TIA-232DCEDTE 2IBM APIAPPNOSITCP/IP Cut-through packet switching on-the-fly http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 478 479. DData communications equipment EIAITU-T DCEDTE Datagram Data-link connection identifier PVC SVC LMI Data link layerOSI IEEE MACLLC SNA http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 479 480. DData set readyDCE EIA/TIA-232 Data service unit DTET1E1 CSU CSU/DSU Data stream Data terminal equipment Data terminal readyDTE EIA/TIA-232DCE DB Decibels http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 480 481. D DC D channelD16-kbps BRI 64-kbpsPRIISDN2SNA DDRDial-on-demand routingCisco ISDN ISDN DE Deadlock12 APPN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 481 482. DDECnetDEC Dedicated line Default route Delay DemarcCPE Demodulation DESNBS Designated bridge http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 482 483. D Designated routerLSAs OSPFOSPF OSPF OSPF Hello Destination address Destination MACMAC MAC Dial backupCisco Dial-up line http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 483 484. DDifferential encoding Differential Manchester encoding 0IEEE 802.5 Diffusing Update Algorithm Digital Network ArchitectureDEC DECnet Digital signal Direct memory access Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 484 485. D Distance vector routing algorithm Bellman-Ford DMA DNS Domain Naming System Domain1 2SNA 3IS-IS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 485 486. DDot addressa.b.c.dIP 4IP DRAM SRAM DUALIGRP Dual homing Dynamic routing http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 486 487. EE12.048 Mbps E1 E334.368 Mbps E3 EDIElectronic data interchange EEPROMElectrically erasable programmable read-only memory EPROM EGPExterior Gateway Protocol RFC 904 BGP EIA Electronic Industries Association TIA EIA/TIA-232EIA/TIA-449 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 487 488. EEIA/TIA-232 64 kbps V.24 EIA/TIA-449 EIA/TIA-2322 MbpsRS-449 EIA/TIA-568 EIA/TIA-606 EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Cisco Electronic mail() http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 488 489. EEncapsulation Encryption Error control Error-correcting code Error-detecting code EthernetXeroxXeroxIntelDEC CSMA/CD 10 Mbps http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 489 490. EExcess Burst Excess rate http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 490 491. FFast Ethernet100M MACMTU 10Base-T10 10Base-T IEEE802.3 FCC FCS Frame check sequence HDLC FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface ANSIX3T9X9.52100 (100Mbps) FECN Forward explicit congestion notification DTE http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 491 492. FFiber-optic cable File Transfer ProtocolTCP/IP Filter Firewall FirmwareROM Flash memoryIntel http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 492 493. FFlooding Flow Flow control IBM FM Forwarding Forwarding priority Fourier transform http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 493 494. FFragment Fragmentation Frame OSI Frame Relay HDLC X.25X.25 Frequency Full duplex Full mesh http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 494 495. GGatewayIP router Get Nearest Server GNSIPX IPX GNS GNSIPX SAP GRECISCOIP CISCO IP GRE GUIGraphical user interface http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 495 496. HHalf duplex Handshake HDLC High-Level Data Link Control ISO SDLCHDLC Header Hierarchical routing IP IP Holddown http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 496 497. HHop Hop count RIP Host nodehost Hot Standby Router Protocol HSRT HTML Hypertext markup language WWW http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 497 498. HHub1 2 3IEEE 802.3 concentrator Hypertext HTML WWW IANAInternetIABISOC IANAIP NICIANATCP/IP ICMPICMP Router Discovery ProtocolInternet IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 498 499. IIEEE IEEE LANLAN IEEE 802.1IEEE Digital Equipment Corporation DigitalIEEE 802.1 IEEE 802.12IEEE LANMAC IEEE 802.12100 Mbps IEEE 802.2IEEE LANLLC IEEE 802.2IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.5 LAN IEEE 802.3IEEE LANMAC IEEE 802.3CSMA/CD IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3 10Base210Base510BaseF10BaseT 10Broad36 100BaseT100BaseT4 100BaseX http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 499 500. IIEEE 802.3iIEEE 802.3 10 IEEE 802.4IEEE LANMAC IEEE 802.4LAN IEEE 802.5IEEE LAN MACIEEE 802.5416 Mbps SIPIBM IEEE 802.6DQDPIEEE MAN IEEE 802.61.5155Mbp IETF80 IETFISOC IGMPIP IGP IGRPOSPRRIP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 500 501. IIGRPInterior Gateway Routing Protocol CiscoIGP In-band signaling Infrared Insured burst Integrated Services Digital Network Interface12 3 4OSI Intermediate systemOSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 501 502. IInternational Standards Organization Internetinternetwork APRA DARPA Internet Internet address Internetwork Interoperability Inverse ARPInverse Address Resolution ProtocolARP IPInternet protocolTCP/IP IP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 502 503. IIP addressIPTCP/IP32 IPABCDE IP multicastIPIP IP IPXNetWare IPXIPXNS ISAIntel16 ISDN IS-ISIntermediate System-to-Intermediate System DECnet Phase VOSI IS IS-IS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 503 504. I ISO ISOOSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 504 505. JJumper12 ) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 505 506. LLAN( ) OSI FDDI LAN switch MAC LAPBLink Access Procedure, Balanced X.25LAPBHDLC LAPDLink Access Procedure on the D channelD DISDNLAPDLAPB ISDNITU-T Q.920Q.921 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 506 507. LLaser SONET Laser SONET Latency1 2 Leased line LEDlight emitting diode LLCIEEE MAC IEEE 802.2 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 507 508. LLMILocal Management Interface DLCIDLCI DLCIs DLCIs Load balancing Logical address Logical channel Loop Loopback test http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 508 509. LLSALink-state advertisement LSP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 509 510. MMACIEEE MAC MAC addressMAC MAC IEEE MANMetropolitan-area network Manchester encodingIEEE802.3 1 Mask MAUIEEE802.3 AUIMAU MAU MAUMSAU http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 510 511. MMaximum burst ATM PVC Maximum rate / / MD5Message Digest 5SNMP v.2 MD5 Media ( ) Media access unit Media attachment unit http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 511 512. MMesh Message) datagram()frame() packet()OSI Microsegmentation Modem- Modulation AMFMPAM MTUMaximum transmission unit http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 512 513. M Multicast Multimode fiber http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 513 514. NNAK Narrowband NBMANonbroadcast multiaccess (X.25)(SMDS ) Neighborhood discovery Neighboring routersOSPF OSPF Hello NetBIOSNetwork Basic Input/Output System/ IBM LANAPI NetWareNovellNOS NetWare Link Services ProtocolNetware http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 514 515. NNetwork Network address Network analyzer Network layerOSI SNA NFSNetwork File SystemSun Microsystem NFSNFSNFSRPCXDR SUNONC NICNetwork interface card http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 515 516. NN-ISDNNarrowband ISDNISDNITU-T 64-kbpsB16- 64kbpsD Node1 device2SNA Noise Non-stub areaOSPF OSPFASBR NOSNetwork operating system NOSLAN ManagerNetwareNFS VINES Null modem http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 516 517. N NVRAMNonvolatile random-access memoryRAM CiscoNVRAM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 517 518. OOpen shortest path first Open System Interconnection Optical fiber OSIOSIITU-T OSI reference modelISOITU-T () OSI SNA OSPFIGP RIPOSPF OSPFISIS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 518 519. O Out-of-band signaling http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 519 520. PPacket OSI Packet switching PAPPassword Authentication Protocol PPP CHAPPAP PAP PAPPPP Parallel transmission Parity check 1 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 520 521. PPartial mesh PDUProtocol data unitOSI Peak cell rate Peak rate / Permanent virtual circuit Permanent virtual connection Permanent virtual path PGPPretty Good Privacy http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 521 522. PPhysical layerOSI SNA physical control layer PIMProtocol Independent Multicast IPIPPIM PIM DMPIM dense modePIM PIMPIM DM PIM SMPIM sparse modePIMPIM RP RP PIMPIM SM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 522 523. PPingICMP Polling Port1)2IP 3 4RJ45 LAN POSTPower-on self test PPPPoint-to-Point ProtocolSLIP PPP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 523 524. PPresentation layerOSI SNA Presentation services layerSNA OSI PRIISDN 64KbpsD23T130E1B Protocol Protocol converter Protocol stackOSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 524 525. PProtocol translator Proxy Proxy ARPProxy Address Resolution ProtocolARPARP ARPAPRWAN PSDN PSEPSE X.25 PSN PSN1 packet-switched data networkPSDN2 PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network plain old telephone servicePOTS http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 525 526. PPVCPVC permanent virtual connection() PVPPVC http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 526 527. QQOS Quality of service Query Queue12 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 527 528. RRAMRandom-access memory RARPReverse Address Resolution Protocol TCP/IPMACIP Reassembly IP RedirectICMPES-IS RedistributionRoute redistribution Redundancy1 2 RelayOSI ()() http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 528 529. RReliability ReloadCisco Repeater RFCRequest For Comments RFCIAB RFCTelnetFTP Ring FDDICDDI RIPRouting Information ProtocolUNIX BSD IGPIGP ROMRead-only memory http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 529 530. RRoot bridge Route Routed protocol AppleTalkDECnetIP Route map Route summarizationOSPFIS-IS Router Routing http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 530 531. RRouting metric Routing protocol Routing table Routing update RPRendezvous point/Route Processor1 CPU 2PIM http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 531 532. RRPCRemote-procedure call/ RPMReverse Path Multicasting RS-232EIA/TIA-232 RSPRoute/Switch Processor/ RTPRapid Transport Protocol/Routing Table Protocol 1RIPVINES VINES 2APPNAPPN http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 532 533. RRTSReady To SendEIA/TIA-232 RTT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 533 534. S SAPService access point/Service Advertisement Protocol1 IEEE 802.2 DSAPSSAP2 IPX SDHSynchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH SONETSDH155.52MbpsSTM-1 SDLCSynchronous Data Link ControlSNA HDLCLAPB Segment1 2 3TCP datagramframemessagepacket OSI http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 534 535. SSerial transmission Server Session12 SNANAU Session layerOSI SNA Shielded cable Signaling Simplex Single-mode fiber () http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 535 536. SSLIPSerial Line Internet Protocol TCP/IP SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol SNASystems Network ArchitectureIBM 1970OSI SNA SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol TCP/IP Socket SONETSynchronous Optical Network Bellcore(2.5 Gbps)STS-1 1988 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 536 537. SSPAN SPANSPAN SPAN Catalyst SpanSwitched Port Analyzer Spanning tree Spanning-tree algorithm STA Spanning-Tree Protocol BPDU STP SPFShortest path first algorithm Dijkstra's algorithm(Dijkstra ) http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 537 538. SSPIDService Profile Identifier ISDN ISDNSPID Split-horizon updates Spoofing1Cisco DDR 2 SPXSequenced Packet Exchange ()Novell XNSSPPNetWare SS7Signaling System number 77ISDNISDN Bellcore http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 538 539. SStatic route Store and forward packet switching CRC STPShielded twisted-pair1STP EMI2Spanning-Tree Protocol Stub area OSPF ASBR Stub network Subinterface Subnet Subnet addressIP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 539 540. SSubnet maskIP32 IP mask Subnetwork1IP 2OSIESIS Super Frame SVCSwitched virtual circuit/switched virtual connection SVCATMswitched virtual connection Switch1 OSI2 Synchronization http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 540 541. SSynchronous transmission (start bitsstop bits http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 541 542. TT1-DS-1 1.544 MbpsAMIB8ZS T3-DS-3 44.736 Mbps TCPTransmission Control Protocol TCPTCP/IP TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol /70 TCPIP TelnetTCP/IPTelnet Terminal http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 542 543. TTerminal adapterISDN BRI EIA/TIA-232ISDN Terminal emulation Terminal server TCP/IPX.25 LAT Terminator TFTPTrivial File Transfer ProtocolFTP ThinnetIEEE 802.3 10Base2 Throughput http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 543 544. TTIATelecommunications Industry Association TIAEIA EIA/TIA-232 Time-out Token Token bus IEEE 802.4 Token passing Token RingIBM- 416 MbpsIEEE 802.5 Topology TOSType of service http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 544 545. TTraffic shaping ATM Trailer Transceiver TrapSNMPNMS TrunkATM ATMATM TTLTime To LiveIP Tunneling http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 545 546. TTwisted pair http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 546 547. UUDPUser Datagram ProtocolTCP/IP Unicast Unicast address UPS URLUniversal Resource LocatorWWW UTPUnshielded twisted-pair 123 ,4 5STP http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 547 548. V VCVirtual circuit VPI/VCI PVCSVCX.25ATM virtual channel() VectorSNA VLANVirtual LAN VLSMvariable-length subnet mask http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 548 549. WWAN SMDS X.25 Wildcard maskIP32 IPIPIP WWW World Wide Web WWW http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 549 550. XX.121X.25ITU-TX.121 IDNS X.21ITU-TX.21 X.25ITU-TPDNDTEDCE X.25 LAPBPLPX.25 XNSXerox Network SystemseroxPARC PC3ComBanyanNovellUB Networks XNS X WindowsMIT XUNIX http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 550 551. Num10Base25010-Mbps IEEE 802.3185 10Base55010-Mbps IEEE 802.3 500 10BaseF10-Mbps 10BaseFB10BaseFL10BaseFP 10BaseFB10-MbpsIEEE 10BaseF 10BaseFB2000 10BaseFL10-MbpsIEEE 10BaseLFOIRL FOIRLFOIRL10BaseFL 100010BaseFL10BaseFL 2000 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 551 552. Num10BaseFP10-Mbps IEEE 10BaseF 10BaseFP500 10BaseT345 10-Mbps IEEE 802.3 100 10Broad3610-Mbps IEEE 802.33600 100BaseFX100-Mbps 100BaseFX 400IEEE 802.3 100BaseT100-Mbps 10BaseT 100BaseT 10BaseT http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 552 553. Num100BaseT4(345) 100-Mbps 100BaseT4100IEEE 802.3 100BaseTX 100-Mbps 100BaseTX 100IEEE 802.3 100BaseX100-Mbps 100BaseFX 100BaseTXIEEE 802.3 100VG-AnyLAN(345) 100 MbpsHewlett- PackardIEEE 802.12 10BaseT 24th channel signaling24 370 block mux channel370 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 553 554. CCNA CCNA125 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 554 555. CCNA 15 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 555 556. CCNA How long have you been installing, configuring, supporting or troubleshooting small to medium-sized multi-protocol enterprise networks on a daily basis? A. I have not worked with networks on a daily basis. B. less than 6 months C. 6 months to 18 months D. 18 months to 3 years E. 3 years to 5 years F. more than 5 years http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 556 557. CCNA Flash http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 557 558. CCNA 5531/55 5531 http://www.celticrover.com http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 558 559. CCNA select the bestchoose three How do you express the binary number 11111000 in decimal? A. 220B. 224C. 240 D. 248E. 256 http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058559 560. CCNA You have the binary number 10011101. Convert it to its decimal and hexadecimal equivalents. (Select two) A. 158B. 0x9d C. 156 D. 157E. 0x19 F. 0x9f http://www.330000.cn 0791-85261323800058 560 561. CC


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