54195839 Internal Combustion Engine

8/3/2019 54195839 Internal Combustion Engine

1/8

Internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion ofa fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustionchamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and-pressure gases produced by combustion applies directforce to some component of theengine, such as pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the componentover a distance, generating useful mechanical energy

The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion isintermittent, such as the more familiarfour-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, alongwith variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. Asecond class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gasturbines,jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustionengines on the same principle as previously described.

Animated two stroke engine in operation

The internal combustion engine (or ICE) is quite different from external combustionengines, such as steamorStirling engines, in which the energy is delivered to a working

fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working

fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized wateror even liquid sodium, heated in some

kind ofboiler.

A large number of different designs for ICEs have been developed and built, with a

variety of different strengths and weaknesses. Powered by an energy-dense fuel (which

is very frequently gasoline, a liquid derived from fossil fuels). While there have been and

still are many stationary applications, the real strength of internal combustion engines isin mobile applications and they dominate as a power supply for cars, aircraft, and boats,

from the smallest to the largest.

cylinder block are as the following :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine_bladehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsive_nozzlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arbeitsweise_Zweitakt.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arbeitsweise_Zweitakt.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine_bladehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsive_nozzlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine


2/8

Internal combustion engines are made from various parts.Each part has its

own location and function for proper working of engine.Some important

parts and its function is as described below.

01) Cylinder Block:-

Function- In the bore of cylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is

ignited,compressed by piston and expanded to give power to piston.

02) Cylinder Head:-

Function-It carries inlet and exhaust valve.Fresh charge is admitted through

inlet valve and burnt gases are exhausted from exhaust valve.In case of

petrol engine,a spark plug and in case of diesel engine,a injector is also

mounted on cylinder head.

03) Piston:-

Function-During suction stroke,it sucks the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture

through inlet valve and compresses during the compression stroke inside

the cylinder.This way piston receives power from the expanding gases after

ignition in cylinder.Also forces the burnt exhaust gases out of the cylinder

through exhaust valve.


3/8

04) Piston Rings:-

Function-It prevents the compressed charge of fuel-air mixture from leaking

to the other side of the piston.Oil rings,is used for removing lubricating oil

from the cylinder after lubrication.This ring prevents the excess oil to mixwith charge.

05) Connecting Rod:-

Function-It changes the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion at

crankshaft.This way connecting rod transmits the power produced at piston

to crankshaft.

06) Gudgeon Pin:-

Function-Connects the piston with small end of connecting rod.

07) Crank Pin:-

Function-hand over the power and motion to the crank shaft which come

from piston through connecting rod.

08) Crank Shaft:-

Function-Receives oscillating motion from connecting rod and gives a rotary

motion to the main shaft.It also drives the camshaft which actuate the

valves of the engine.

09) Cam Shaft:-

Function-It takes driving force from crankshaft through gear train or chain

and operates the inlet valve as well as exhaust valve with the help of cam

followers,push rod and rocker arms.

10) Inlet Valve & Exhaust Valve:-

Function-Inlet valve allow the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture to enter the

cylinder bore.Exhaust valve permits the burnt gases to escape from the

cylinder bore at proper timing.


4/8

11) Governor:-

Function-It controls the speed of engine at a different load by regulating fuel

supply in diesel engine.In petrol engine,supplying the mixture of air-petrol

and controlling the speed at various load condition.

12) Carburettor:-

Function-It converts petrol in fine spray and mixes with air in proper ratio as

per requirement of the engine.

13) Fuel Pump:-

Function-This device supply the petrol to the carburettor sucking from the

fuel tank.

14) Spark Plug:-

Function-This device is used in petrol engine only and ignite the charge of

fuel for combustion.

15) Fuel Injector:-

Function-This device is used in diesel engine only and delivers fuel in fine

spray under pressure.


5/8

Automobile Fuel Supply System

The fuel supply system of the vehicle constitutes an important element of an engine. Its

core function is to ensure the smooth and uninterrupted supply of fuel to otherperipherals of an engine. An automobile fuel supply system comprises of various

components and devices like fuel cells, carburetor, fuel pump, fuel tank, fuel coolers,

automobile filters which are used for storing fuel and distributing it

to internal combustion engine as in when needed. Today, almost every automobile has

a pressurized fuel supply system equipped with a pump that is used for pushing fuel

from the fuel tank to engine of the vehicle.

Carburetor

Carburetor is an integral device or apparatus of an internal combustion engine that isused for blending air fuel mixture in the correct proportion thereby resulting in smooth

combustion. It is that types of device which also controls and monitors the speed of the

vehicle. These are usually of two types namely surface carburetor and float-feed

carburetor. As displayed in the figure, the leading components of a carburetor are

throttle valve, venturi, air bleed, choke valve, fuel metering orifice, intake valve, exhaust

valve, manifold, fuel chamber and combustion chamber. Most of the modern vehicles
http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/


6/8

make use of a carburetor that is used for blending accurate amount of vaporized fuel

with air so that the internal combustion engine works efficiently. The carburetors

available in the market accentuate several features such as highest quality standards,

lifetime warranty, engine tested, improved performance, economical, excellent

drivability, versatility, better fuel economy, greater throttle response, quick installation,

highly modifiable and easy to maintain. Carburetors supplied in the market provide

greater calibration capabilities and comprise of central float chamber and a

unique throttle body that comprises of throttle body spacers, throttle cables and more.

The carburetor manufacturing industry presently sizes around US $ 2.4 billion. Its major

manufacturers are AML Carburetor Company, Edelbrock AVS Carburetor, Lectron

Carburetors, Walbro and Tillotson Carburetors, Zenith UK, Holley, Keihin and Rochester

Products Division.

Fuel Injection System

Fuel Injection System is a mechanism through which fuel is injected or metered into the

different components of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle. Under this

system, atomized fuel is directly forced into the engine cylinders without making use of

carburetors. Fuel injection components improve and enhance the efficiency of the

engine improves its performance and lessons polluting exhaust emissions. Modern fuel

injection systems, used in most of the vehicles, control the whole process with the help

of computers. Major components of fuel injection system are fuel injection nozzle,

airflow regulator, fuel pressure regulator, throttle valve, intake valve, piston, cylinder,

crankshaft etc. Increasing inventory management costs and proliferation of stock

keeping unit counts are the two major factors affecting profitability in the fuel injection

system industry. Major key manufacturers such as Denso Corporation, Orbital

Corporation Ltd., Bosch Rexroth AG, Siemens VDO Automotive, Visteon Corporation,Westport Innovations Inc, Duap AG, and Keihin Corporation are dominating this

industry. Fuel injection system is a modern and automated phenomenon that assists in

getting cut throat gas mileage along with extra horsepower and safer emissions. The

key component of fuel injection system is fuel filterthat ensures stable supply of clean

gasoline to the engine. Even a small piece of dirt could ruin the whole fuel injection

system but the presence of standard fuel injectors can save them from getting
http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/throttle-body.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/throttle-cables.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filters.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/throttle-body.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/throttle-cables.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filters.html


7/8

damaged. The other vital components of fuel injection system includefuel filter

seal, inline filter, air filter assemblies, fuel pump assembly and more.
http://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filter-seal.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filter-seal.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/inline-filter.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-pump-assembly.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filter-seal.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-filter-seal.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/inline-filter.htmlhttp://www.automotive-online.com/fuel-system/fuel-pump-assembly.html


8/8

54195839 Internal Combustion Engine

Documents

Transcript of 54195839 Internal Combustion Engine