5.3 Representative Groups

Continue looking over the next questions.

CW/HW: Complete Study guide questions....CW: Drawing Atomic Structures & talk about Lewis Dot Structures for valence electrons... due Monday...

Test next Wednesday on ch. 4-5...

3rd block - projects due today... e-mail me from blog when you have all of the requirements including your video presentation or keynote presentation either embedded or linked from podcast (vannstudent) page....

(Make up quiz/tests if you have been absent from element-symbol test AND also the atomic number/atomic mass quiz....)

Progress reports are being printed with your current grade today.

5.3 Representative Groups

Opener #9 - Friday - April 23, 2010Write in complete sentences.

Answer questions Sect. 5.1 pg.129 #1-8.All projects should be finished and submitted today.

PIZZA PARTY QUALIFIERS - BRING $3 - (I HOPE TO HAVE NEXT FRIDAY)ALL STUDENTS

1. Study Guide questions are due today. TEST next Wednesday (1st block students will meet in Mrs. Woodall’s Class for Tuesday-Wed. next week during Biology EOC.2. Speedy Gonzales Vocab. competition Activty3. CW/HW: Drawing Atomic Models Lab Activity - due Monday...4. CW: Ch.4-5 Activity Games from computer - see podcast page & explanation (optional assignment for those who are testing only in 1st block.) - Required for others.

5.3 Representative Groups

Opener #8 - Thursday - April 22, 2010Write in complete sentences.

Answer questions Sect. 4.3 pg. 118 #5-8.GEOMETRY STUDENTS WHO TESTED:1. Notes 5.2 using podcast presentation including video...including 4 sets of problem sets that should be recorded in notes or with openers ( plus textbook may be needed for a couple of answers...)2. Notes 5.3 using podcast presentation and/or textbook. (no video connections for this short set of notes...)3. Finish and submit projects...PIZZA PARTY QUALIFIERS - BRING $3 - (I HOPE TO HAVE NEXT FRIDAY)ALL STUDENTS1. Study Guide questions are due today. (*CLASS POLL!) TEST next Wednesday (1st block students will meet in Mrs. Woodall’s Class for Tuesday-Wed. next week during Biology EOC.2. CW/HW: Drawing Atomic Models Lab Activity - due Monday...3. CW: Ch.4-5 Activity Games from computer - see podcast page & explanation (optional assignment for those who are testing only in 1st block.) - Required for others.

5.3 Representative Groups

Opener - WEDNESDAY - 4/21/10 - NO OPENER due to testing 1st-2nd block.Pick up computers.

CW: Quick Notes on Lewis Dot Structures...CW: Notes 5.3 (from podcast page) AND/or textbook as reference... (no videos, so you can use both book and clip to find answers...)CW: Projects should be finished today (except for those testing...)HW: Complete study guide questions... due tomorrow...CW: Drawing atomic models skills Lab due Friday...3rd block - turn in scientific drawing if not previously done... Check grades for missing assignments...

Test ch. 4-5 next Wednesday... Be prepared!

Pizza Party list on board for those who made an A on ch.2-3 including essay averaged in...

5.3 Representative Groups

Friday, October 29, 2010 - 3rd/4th/5th/7th periods - Opener #8 - Trade and Grade quiz from yesterday... Write this down in your openers. Keep quiz with openers.

CW: Grade Quiz from yesterday...HW: Study Guide questions due Monday.TEST ch. 4 (2 sets of notes) - PAP (ch.4-5) WEDNESDAY, Nov.3!LAST DAY to take element-symbol retake quiz (or make-up)...

CW: Notes 5.3 on computer. START WITH SLIDE #5 & GO TO END.CW: Finish atom project. No more class time will be given for project. You will need to come in at lunch, before or after school except when you might finish up other assignments early...All poster pages will need to be turned in my new DROP BOX by next Thursday.

5.3 Representative Groups

MONDAY - NOVEMBER 1, 2010 - 6TH PERIOD ONLY.

1.

5.3 Representative Groups

MONDAY - NOVEMBER 1, 2010 - 3RD/4TH/5TH/7TH PERIODS.Have out study guide questions and answers....1. Opener #9 - Speedy Gonzales competition...

CW: Answer any questions on study guide questions...CW: http://chemthink.com instructions... computer lab....CW: Check to see that you how much of study guide questions you have completed... I will pick up answers tomorrow and send out answers for the test.

HW: Study for test ch. 4 (2 sets of notes) (ch.4-5 Pre-AP) WEDNESDAY!

Work on projects before school, lunch, or after school. Turn interactive Pages Poster in the DROP BOX no later than Thursday for full credit... Be sure to name the project with your full name and then you can add element name.

No school Friday.

5.3 Representative Groups

PROJECT CHECKLIST - WORK ON THIS AFTER TAKING 5.3 NOTES....INTERACTIVE POSTER in PAGES APPLICATION:Do you have these items on your poster?*BASIC FACTS...*ACROSTIC/POEM/SLOGAN*BOHR DRAWING FROM GOOGLE DRAW*1 picture of your model you made...*2 other pictures that relate to your element*video of you explaining your model including the location of electrons, protons, neutrons, their respective charges and number of them; point them out... REG/CWC - use Photo Booth video to do the video - drag to poster...

Is your poster page neat, easy to read, and the general look is colorful/interesting...? Make sure there are no typing or spelling errors.. Have you pulled in your presentation into the poster to play it?Did you turn in the 11 questions from computer to me yet? Also, you will give me the facts sheet when you are done with turning in poster in DROP BOX on computer.Pre-AP may use either iMovie OR Photo Booth & keynote with voice override.... or combination ...*video link from internet - is optional now since too many things are blocked...

5.3 Representative Groups

Why is hydrogen located on the left side of the periodic table with the active metals, even though it is a gas? Hydrogen’s location is related to its electron configuration, not its properties. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in automobiles because it is flammable.

5.3 Representative Groups

Why do the elements in a group have similar properties?

Valence Electrons

Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.A valence electron is an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

5.3 Representative Groups

When the A groups in the periodic table are numbered from 1 through 8, the group number matches the number of valence electrons in the electron configuration of an element in that group.

• Valence electrons play a key role in chemical reactions.

• Properties vary across a period because the number of valence electrons increases from left to right.

Valence Electrons

5.3 Representative Groups

Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. The properties are not identical because the valence electrons are in different energy levels.

Hydrogen is located in Group 1 even though it is a nonmetal, because it has a 1 valence electron. It is grouped with other elements, such as lithium, that have only one valence electron also.

Valence Electrons + H

5.3 Representative Groups

The elements in Group 1A or 1 are called alkali metals. These metals have a one valence electron and are extremely reactive. Because they are so reactive, alkali metals are found in nature only in compounds, example: NaCl (salt)

The Alkali Metals

The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of Group 1A to the bottom. The most reactive metal then is at the bottom left of Group 1 which is Fr (francium).

5.3 Representative Groups

Sodium reacts violently with water and releases enough energy to ignite the hydrogen gas that is produced.

Sodium and potassium are stored under oil to keep them from reacting with the oxygen and water vapor in air.

Cesium is so reactive that it is usually stored in a sealed glass tube containing argon gas.

The Alkali Metals - record several examples and uses...

5.3 Representative Groups

A Unlike most metals, the alkali metal sodium is soft enough to cut with a knife. B When sodium reacts with water, enough energy is released to ignite the hydrogen that is produced.

The Alkali Metals

5.3 Representative Groups

Uses of Alkali Metals include:

Na - table salt which we get from evaporation of seawater or salt deposits on Earth.

5.3 Representative Groups

The elements in Group 2A or 2 or Roman numeral II are called alkaline earth metals. All alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons.

Metals in Group 2A are harder than metals in Group 1A. The melting point of magnesium is 650°C, which is much higher than the melting point of sodium—98°C.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

5.3 Representative Groups

Differences in reactivity among the alkaline earth metals are shown by the ways they react with water.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

• Calcium, strontium, and barium react easily with cold water.

• Magnesium will react with hot water but not cold water.

• No reaction occurs when beryllium is added to water.

5.3 Representative Groups

MagnesiumMagnesium plays a key role in photosynthesis. The compound at the center of this process is chlorophyll, and at the center of chlorophyll is a magnesium atom.

A mixture of magnesium and other metals can be as strong as steel, but much lighter. The frames of bicycles and backpacks often contain magnesium.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

5.3 Representative Groups

CalciumCalcium carbonate—a compound of calcium, carbon, and oxygen—is the main ingredient in chalk, limestone, and coral.

Your toothpaste may contain the compound calcium carbonate because this hard substance can polish your teeth.

Magnesium and calcium have essential biological functions, and they provide materials used in construction and transportation.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

5.3 Representative Groups

Chlorophyll molecules in spinach contain magnesium. An oyster shell and a pearl are both made from calcium carbonate. A plaster cast contains the compound calcium sulfate.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

Spinach plant

Oyster shell with pearl

Plaster cast

5.3 Representative Groups

Group 3A or 3 (III) contains the metalloid boron, the well-known metal aluminum, and three less familiar metals (gallium, indium, and thallium).

All these elements have three valence electrons.

The Boron Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust.

The Boron Family

• Aluminum is less reactive than sodium and magnesium.

• Aluminum is strong, lightweight, and malleable.

• Aluminum is a good conductor of electric current.

5.3 Representative Groups

A compound of boron, silicon, and oxygen is used to make glass that does not shatter easily when its temperature changes rapidly. Glass that contains boron is used to make laboratory glassware and cookware that can go directly from the oven to the refrigerator.

The Boron Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Group 4A or 14 or IVA contains a nonmetal (carbon), two metalloids (silicon and germanium), and two metals (tin and lead). Each of these elements has four valence electrons.

Notice that the metallic nature of the elements increases from top to bottom within the group. Germanium is a better conductor of electric current than silicon.

The Carbon Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain carbon which makes up organic compounds.

The Carbon Family

Life on Earth would not exist without carbon. Reactions that occur in the cells of your body are controlled by carbon compounds.

5.3 Representative Groups

Silicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. The clay used to produce this pottery contains silicon compounds called silicates.

The Carbon Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Group 5A or 15 or VA contains two nonmetals (nitrogen and phosphorus), two metalloids (arsenic and antimony), and one metal (bismuth).

Group 5A includes elements with a wide range of physical properties. Nitrogen is a nonmetal gas, phosphorus is a solid nonmetal, and bismuth is a dense metal. All of the elements in Group 5A have five valence electrons.

The Nitrogen Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus.

The Nitrogen Family

When air is cooled, the oxygen condenses before the nitrogen because nitrogen has a lower boiling point than oxygen. Much of the nitrogen obtained from air is used to produce fertilizers. Nitrogen makes up the largest percent of gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.

5.3 Representative Groups

The numbers on the bags of fertilizer are, from left to right, the relative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

The Nitrogen Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Group 6A or 16 or VIA has three nonmetals (oxygen, sulfur, and selenium), and two metalloids (tellurium and polonium). All the elements in Group 6A have six valence electrons.

The Oxygen Family

5.3 Representative Groups

Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.

The Oxygen Family

Complex forms of life need oxygen to stay alive because oxygen is used to release the energy stored in food.

Ozone is another form of the element oxygen. At upper levels of the atmosphere, ozone absorbs harmful radiation emitted by the sun.

5.3 Representative Groups

Sulfur was one of the first elements to be discovered because it is found in large natural deposits.

The Oxygen Family

5.3 Representative Groups

The elements in Group 7A or VII or 17 are called halogens. Each halogen has seven valence electrons. At room temperature, chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.

The Halogens

5.3 Representative Groups

Despite their physical differences, the halogens have similar chemical properties.

Halogens are highly reactive with most metals. This photograph shows chlorine reacting with steel wool.

The Halogens

5.3 Representative Groups

The noble gases are colorless and odorless and extremely unreactive because their outer energy levels are full.

The Noble Gases

The elements in Group 8A or VIIIA or 18 are called noble gases. Helium has two valence electrons. Each of the other noble gases has eight valence electrons.

5.3 Representative Groups

When electric current passes through noble gases, they emit different colors. Helium emits pink, neon emits orange-red, argon emits lavender, krypton emits white, and xenon emits blue.

The Noble Gases

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

1. Why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties?a. They have the same number of valence electrons.

b. They have the same ratio of protons to neutrons.

c. Their atomic masses are multiples of the least massive element of the group.

d. They have the same number of total electrons.

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

1. Why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties?a. They have the same number of valence electrons.

b. They have the same ratio of protons to neutrons.

c. Their atomic masses are multiples of the least massive element of the group.

d. They have the same number of total electrons.

ANS: A

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

2. Which Group 2A element would you expect to react most readily with water?a. beryllium (Be)b. calcium (Ca)c. barium (Ba)d. radium (Ra)

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

2. Which Group 2A element would you expect to react most readily with water?a. beryllium (Be)b. calcium (Ca)c. barium (Ba)d. radium (Ra)

ANS: D

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

1. In general, the metallic characteristics of A group elements within a period decreases from left to right.

TrueFalse

5.3 Representative Groups

Assessment Questions

1. In general, the metallic characteristics of A group elements within a period decreases from left to right.

TrueFalse

ANS: T

5.3 Representative Groups

PROJECT CHECKLIST - WORK ON THIS AFTER TAKING 5.3 NOTES....INTERACTIVE POSTER in PAGES APPLICATION:Do you have these items on your poster?*BASIC FACTS...*ACROSTIC/POEM/SLOGAN*BOHR DRAWING FROM GOOGLE DRAW*1 picture of your model you made...*2 other pictures that relate to your element*video of you explaining your model including the location of electrons, protons, neutrons, their respective charges and number of them; point them out... REG/CWC - use Photo Booth video to do the video - drag to poster...

Is your poster page neat, easy to read, and the general look is colorful/interesting...? Make sure there are no typing or spelling errors.. Have you pulled in your presentation into the poster to play it?Did you turn in the 11 questions from computer to me yet? Also, you will give me the facts sheet when you are done with turning in poster in DROP BOX on computer.Pre-AP may use either iMovie OR Photo Booth & keynote with voice override.... or combination ...*video link from internet - is optional now since too many things are blocked...