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G.. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi18(2): 289-301 (2005)

ISSN 1303-9709 G.U. Journal of Science18(2):289-301 (2005)

THE URBAN AND PUBLIC LOCATIONAL FEATURES OF THE SHOPPING

CENTERS/ANKARA AS EXAMPLE

Nuray BAYRAKTAR*Gazi University, Engineering and Architecture Faculty Department of Urban and Regional

Planning 06570 Ankara, TURKEY, e-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The urban public locations are the places where the various groups of city dwellerscan be together. These places have gone through a process parallel to thedevelopment of the cities. Shopping activity concentrated at open areas at thestage of the establishment of city .It has been partially transferred to the closedareas. Nowadays, shopping centers where the shopping activity is carried out havea special meaning in terms of public life.

In this research the features of the shopping centers as urban public locations hasbeen evaluated. Ankara has been selected as the research area for this assessment.The shopping centers that have been established in the recent years plays a ratherdistinguishing role for determinies to the development of city. It is a compellingreason to consider the urban and public locational features of these places due tothe fact that these centers are a visiting place for almost all inhabitants.From thisrespect the research findings that will be discussed in the text seem to be soimportant. This research was realized under the Research Fund Project of GaziUniversity between the years 2000-2002.

Key Words:The urban public places, the shopping centers, Ankara

ALIVER MERKEZLERNN KENTSEL-KAMUSAL

MEKAN ZELLKLER/ANKARA RNE

ZET

Kentsel-kamusal mekanlar, kentte yaayan farkl gruplarn bir aradaolabilecekleri ortamlardr. Bu ortamlar, kentlerin gelimelerine parelel bir gelimeizlemilerdir. Kentler ilk kurulduklarnda ak alanlarda younlaan alverieylemi , giderek kapal alanlarda gerekletirilir olmutur. Gnmzde ise bueylemin gerekletii alveri merkezleri kamusal yaam asndan zel biranlam iermeye balamlardr.

Bu aratrmada alveri merkezlerinin kentsel- kamusal mekan zelliklerideerlendirilmeye allmtr. Bu deerlendirme iin Ankara kenti aratrmaalan olarak seilmitir. Son yllarda alan alveri merkezleri kentin geliiminde

olduka belirleyici bir rol stlenmilerdir. Bu merkezlerin neredeyse tm kentlilertarafndan ziyaret ediliyor olmas kentsel-kamusal mekan zelliklerinin gznnealnmasn zorunlu klmtr. Metin iinde tartmaya alacak olan aratrmabulgular bu adan olduka nemlidir. Aratrma, 2000-2002 yllar arasnda,Gazi niversitesi Aratrma Fon Projeleri kapsamnda gerekletirilmitir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel-Kamusal Mekanlar, Alveri Merkezleri, Ankara.

1. GR

Kent; aile yaps, nfus bykl, kltrel veekonomik yap olarak birbirinden farkl gruplarn bir aradaoluunun ifadesidir. Bu bir arada olu kentin en nemlizenginlik kaynadr.

Gnmzde, zellikle byk kentlerimizde 1950sonras balayan hzl g nedeniyle ikili bir yap

1. INTRODUCTION

The city is the expression for the assembly of groupsthat differ from each other in terms of the familycomposition, population size and economic structure. Thisdiversity is a source of wealth.

A dual structure can be observed in our cities as aresult of the intense migration to the cities that took place

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G.U. J. Sci., 18(2):289-301 (2005)/ Nuray BAYRAKTAR*290

grlmektedir. Bu ikili yap imarl alanlar ve bu alanlardayaayan nfus, imarsz alanlar ve bu alanlarda yaayannfustan olumaktadr.

Birbirlerinden farkl bu gruplarn bir arada olmakoullarnn yaratlmas bugn iin nemli bir tartmaalandr. Bu tartmann olumlu sonulanmas kentinoulculuunun bir gstergesi olacaktr.

Aratrmada rnek mekan olarak seilen Ankara,kentleme srecinde dier kentlerden farkl bir gelimegstermitir.Bakent olmasnn ardndan kentin yerlileri ileou stanbuldan gelen nfusun temas etmelerinisalayacak mekansal kurgu merkeziyeti bir tavrla elealnmtr. Resmi ideoloji tarafndan desteklenenetkinlikler ve bunlarn gerekleme mekanlarnn -meydanlar, yeil alanlar vb.- yapm kentte hzl birdeiim yaratmtr. Ankarada dier kentlerden dahaerken tarihlerde balayan g nedeniyle nfus yaps dadeimi ve var olan ikili yapya g eden nfus dakatlmtr. Birbirlerinden farkl bu gruplarn bir aradaolmalarn salayacak araylar kentte giderek nemkazanmaya balamtr. Ankara da bugn de var olan ikiliyap nedeniyle ayn araylar srmektedir.

Bu aratrmada temel problemlerden birisi, kentsel-kamusal mekanlarn kentteki farkl gelir gruplarnn birarada olularn salayacak temas noktalar olupolmadklarnn saptanmas biiminde belirlenmitir. Konualveri merkezleri zelinde ele alnm ve kentlininyoun olarak kulland alveri merkezlerinin buanlamda bir rol stlenip stlenmedikleri kamusal yaamnitelikleri asndan deerlendirilmeye allmtr. Birdier problem, bu merkezlerin kentsel-kamusal mekanlarolarak kullanm eitliliinin ve younluunun saptanmasbiiminde belirlenmitir.

Aratrmada elde edilen bulgularn planlama ve tasarmortamlarnda tartlmas ve bu merkezlere ilikin tasarmsrelerinde veri olarak deerlendirilmesi oldukanemlidir.Sonular, bu merkezlerin kentte var olanayrmay yaamsal zenginlie dntrmenin aralarolarak ele almlalar gereini ortaya koymaktadr.Aratrmann temel yaklam, kentin farkl gruplar

a

s

ndan kapsay

c

, btnletirici ve gelitirici olmas

vetm insanlar asndan yaanabilir ve paylalabilir birnitelie kavumasdr.

2. ARATIRMA YNTEM

Alveri merkezlerinin kamusal yaam niteliklerini,kentte yaayan farkl gruplarca kullanm eitliliklerini veyounluklarn saptamay ve buna ilikin bir tartmaortam yaratmay hedefleyen bu aratrmada, veri toplamayntemi olarak anket yntemi benimsenmitir. Aratrmaanketi tasarlanrken ncelikle elde edilmesi gerekenbilgilerin neler olduu belirlenmi, daha sonra anketin ilkbiimi oluturulmutur.Bu ilk biimdeki sorularincelenerek gerekli deiiklikler yaplm ve n testsonucunda kesinletirilmitir. Elde edilmesi gereklibilgilere karar verilmesi aamasnda, aratrmadaki

particularly after the 50s. This dual structure consists ofthe regions developed according a settlement plan and thepopulation living in this area and the regions established

without any plan and the population living in this region.The controversial issue at the time being is the creation ofthe suitable conditions for these differing groups to livetogether. A favorable result of this controversial would bethe sign of the pluralism of the city.

Ankara that has been chosen as the example for thisresearch has exhibited a different path of development inthe urbanization process as compared to the other cities.The space configuration of the city necessary ensure thecontact between the indigenous population and the people,of whom most came from Istanbul, following thedeclaration of the city as the capital of the new republichas been dealt with in a centralized manner. The activitiessupported by the official ideology and the locations ofthese activities squares, green areas, etc. have led to afast paced change of the city. The population structure haschanged as a result of the migration waves starting at anearlier date than the other cities and this third group ofpopulation was added to the already existing dualstructure. The efforts to ensure the co-existence of thesediffering groups have gained on importance. The sameefforts are currently on the agenda as a result of theexisting dual structure of the city.

Determining as to whether or not the public urbanlocations would serve as the contact points for bringingtogether the differing income groups in the city has beenspecified as one of the basic problems in this research. The

issue has been dealt with as based particularly on theshopping centers and the attempt has been made to assesswhether or not or to which extent the shopping centersused intensively by the urban population would play a rolein this context. Determining the diversity and intensity ofthe utilization of these centers as public urban locationwas specified as another problem.

It is rather important that the findings obtained withthis research should be the subject of discussion conductedin planning and design environment and be evaluated asdata in the design processes pertaining to these centers.The results point at the requirement to handle these centersas a tool to transform the existing fragmentation into avital richness. The basic approach of the research is that

the city should have an all-embracing, integrating anddeveloping nature with respect to the different groups andfurthermore encourage the inhabitants to live in and sharethe wealth of the city.

2. THE RESEARCH METHOD

The survey method has been used in this research, inwhich the aim is to specify the public life characteristicsof the shopping centers, the diversity and intensity of theutilization of these shopping centers by the differentgroups living in the city and to establish a discussionforum pertaining to these issues. As the research methodwas designed, we have in the first place determined whatkind of information is required in this research and

subsequently the initial form of the survey has beenestablished. The necessary changes have been carried outfollowing an in-dept examination of the questions in the

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The Urban and Public Locational Features of the Shopping / Alveri Merkezlerinin Kentsel-Kamusal. 291

problem tanmlar esas alnmtr.

Anket; birbirini takip eden drt blmdr. lk blmanket yaplan kiiye ilikin sorulardan olumaktadr. kinciblm hane halk bilgilerine ait sorular kapsamaktadr.nc blm sorular yaanlan konuta ilikindir. Sonblm ise anket yaplan alveri merkezine ait sorulariermektedir. Sorular, cevaplayan zor durumdabrakmayan, ne sylemesi gerektii hakknda herhangi birtelkinde bulunmayan, basit szcklerle hazrlanm;varsaymlardan, tahmin ve genellemelerden kanancevaplamalara olanak salayacak biimde dzenlenmitir.

Anket sorular serbest cevaplamal ve oktansemelidir. Kiilerin kendi cevaplar ile elde edilecekbilgilerin daha salkl olaca dnlen durumlardaserbest cevaplamal sorular sorulmutur. Kiilerincevaplamakta glk ekecei dnlen durumlarda iseolas btn cevap eitlerini kapsayan seenekli sorularsorulmutur. Anketin yere ve zamana ball nedeni ileyzyze grme teknii benimsenmitir.

Sz konusu anketin hazrlanmas iin yaplan ndeerlendirmeler ve saptanan kriterler anket yaplacakgruplarn, anket yaplacak alveri merkezlerinin ve

kullanm younluklarnn belirlenmesi biiminde elealnmtr.

a) Anket Yaplacak Gruplar in ndeerlendirmeler veSaptanan Kriterler:

1-Bu gruplar aratrma projesi balnda belirtildiizere anlaml farkllklar gstermelidir.2-Bu farkl gruplarn yerleim yerleri nemlidir.3-Bu gruplar gelir dzeyi ortalamalarna gresralanabilmelidir.4-Gruplarn kltrel durumlarn saptamakyararldr.Ancak, proje i ykn arttracagerekesiyle bundan kanlmtr.

b) Anket Yaplacak Kentsel-Kamusal Mekanlarn /Alveri Merkezlerinin Belirlenmesi inndeerlendirmeler ve Saptanan Kriterler:

1.Merkezlerin konumlar dikkate alnmaldr.2.Seenek alveri merkezleri ayrdedilebilir vekarlatrlabilir olmaldr.3.Merkezlerin anlamlar, eriilebilirlik durumlar,mekansal zellikleri ve kullanm eitliliklerinemsenmelidir.

c) Kentsel-Kamusal Mekanlarn / Alveri MerkezlerininKullanm Younluklarnn Belirlenmesi in

ndeerlendirmeler ve Saptanan Kriterler:

1- ncelikle, gzlem ve grsel saptama yntemleri ile

first design and have been finalized as a result of the pre-test that was then conducted. The problem definitions inthis research have been taken as the basis at the stage of

decision making related to the necessary information to beobtained.

The survey consists of four consecutive parts. Thequestions pertaining to the responding person are includedin the first part. The second part encompasses thequestions related to the information on the household. Thequestions in the third part relate to the residence. The lastpart consists of the questions related to the shoppingcenter. The text of the questions has been prepared usingsimple terminology and in such a way as to preventputting the responding person in a difficult position, toavoid suggesting any answers and arranged in order toavoid responses containing predictions andgeneralizations.

The survey questions are freely answerable with amultitude of alternatives. The questions with free answershave been posed in the cases where obtaining theinformation from the own answers of the respondingpersons was regarded as more appropriate. Questions withmultitude choices as answers have posed in the caseswhere it would probably be difficult for the persons togive their own answers. The face-to-face technique hasbeen used as aresult of the dependence of the survey to thetime and place.

The preliminary assessments and the criteria set out forthe preparation of the survey have been based on thegroups to be surveyed, the shopping centers and the

intensity of their utilization.

a) The Preliminary Assessments and the Criteria for theGroups to be Surveyed:

1-As has been mentioned in the heading of this project,the groups should exhibit meaningful differences,2-The place of settlement of these different groups isimportant,3-These groups must be listed according to the incomelevel,4-It would be useful to determine the cultural situationof the groups. However, we have refrained from doingthis because that would increase the work load of the

project.b) The Preliminary Assessments and Criteria for

determining the Public Urban Places / ShoppingCenters where the Survey is to be conducted:

1-The location of the centers must be taken intoaccount,2-The alternative shopping centers must bedistinguishable and comparable.3-The meaning, accessibility, the features related to thespace and the diversity of utilization of the centers isimportant.

c) The Preliminary Assessments and Criteria for theintensity of the utilization of the Public Urban Places /

Shopping Centers:

1- In the first place, the utilization and intensity must be

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kullanm ve younluk karlatrmas yaplmaldr.

2- almann rneklem bir nfus zerinde, hafta ii

normal iki i gnnn len tatiline denk gelensaatinde, hafta sonu Cumartesi leden sonrayaplmas, bu tr incelemelere temel oluturanvarsaymlar asndan uygundur.3- Gzlem ve grsel saptama yntemleri ile eldeedilen sonulara gre her merkez iin bellideerlendirmeler yaplabilmelidir.4- Anket sorular, bu yaklamlarnda bir kez dahagzden geirildikten sonra uygulanmaldr. Anketuygulanmadan nce anketrlerin eitimisalanmaldr.5- Anket uygulamasnn hem denek, hem evre, hemde anketr iin rahatszlk vermeyecek biimdegerekletirilmesine dikkat edilmelidir.

6- Dnme ve cevap verme sresinin uzayacadurumlarda denek iin anket braklabilir. Bunun iinhem anketr hem de denek iin gvenli bir ortamgereklidir. Bu ortam olumaz ise samimi olmayancevaplar almak olasdr.

7- Anketin uygulanmasnda grup farkllamas nemgsterdiinden hareket ortam ile toplanma ortamdikkate alnmaldr.

Aratrma yukarda belirlenen kriterlernda;

* Aratrma alanlar olarak saptanan alverimerkezlerinin hangi gruplar tarafndan ve ne amal

kullan

ld

n

saptamak zere haz

rlanm

anketuygulamasnn gerekletirilmesi,* anket sonularnn SPSS program paketine gredeerlendirilmesi,* merkezlerin kullanm farkllklarnn sosyal veekonomik yap ile balarnn ortaya konulmas,* kentsel-kamusal mekanlar olarak alverimerkezleri tasarmna ilikin veriler oluturulmasbiiminde srdrlm ve sonulandrlmtr.

3.ARATIRMA ALANLARININ ZELLKLER

Jansen Plannda Ankarann en nemli aks olarakbelirlenen ve eski kent ile yeni kenti birbirine balayanAtatrk Bulvar zerinde yer alan alverimerkezlerinden;

** ankaya merkezde; * Atakule,** Eski kent merkezinde; * Yznc Yl ars

kullanm farkllklar gsteren merkezler olarak aratrmakapsam iinde yer almlardr.

Bu merkezler yaamsal ve mekansal bir ayrmannodaklar olarak ele alndklarnda yeni kent merkezi olaraktanmlanan Kzlay ve evresi daha da nemkazanmaktadr. Bu nedenle; Kzlayda; Beendik,kentlilerin youn kullandklar bir merkez olarak aratrmakapsamna dahil edilmitir.

Kentliye sunduklar alternatif kullanm olanaklarnedeniyle farkllaan kent d merkezlerden;

** Eskiehir Yolun da; * Real**Akkprde ; * Migros

compared by using method of observation and visualinspection,2- Conducting the study on a sample population, on two

normal work days during the week at the noon hoursand on Saturdays in the afternoon hours is appropriatewith respect to the assumptions constituting the basis ofsuch examinations.3- It must be possible to make certain assessments foreach center according to the results obtained with themethods of observation and visual inspection,4- The survey questions must be implemented after theyhave reviewed in light of these approaches. Thesurveyors must undergo a training prior to conductingthe survey.5- Attention must be paid that the conduct of the surveywill not cause any inconvenience to the respondingpersons, the environment and the surveyors,

6- The survey document can be given to the respondingperson in cases where time for thinking is necessary.An environment of confidence for both the respondingpersons and the surveyor is needed for this. Obtaininginsincere answers would be possible if this cannot beachieved.7- Since the group diversity is of importance withregard to the implementation of the survey, theenvironment of action and gathering must be taken intoaccount.

The research has been conducted and completed inlight of the criteria set out above by;

* accomplishing the survey that was prepared to

determine which groups use the shopping centers setout as the research area for which purpose,* evaluating the survey results according to the SPSSprogram package,* specifying the links of the differences in theutilization of the centers to the social and economicstructure,* by establishing the data related to the design of theshopping centers as public urban places.

3. THE PROPERTIES OF THE RESEARCH AREAS

The two shopping centers located on AtatrkBoulevard connecting the old city with the new city thathas been specified as the most important axis of Ankara inthe Jansen Plan

*Atakule Shopping Center in ankaya at the city center* Yznc Yl Shopping Center at the old city center

have been included in the research as the centersexhibiting utilization differences.

When these centers are examined as focus points of alife and space divide, Kzlay and the surrounding areathat are defined as the new city center gain even moreimportance. Therefore the shopping center Beendiklocated at Kzlay has also been included in the research asa shopping center with intense use.

The shopping centers that are different as a result of thealternative utilization they offer to the city inhabitants

* Real on the Eskiehir Highway and* Migros at Akkpr

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kentlilerin alveri yannda farkl etkinlikler iin dekullandklar merkezler olarak aratrma kapsam iindeyer almlardr.

3.1. Aratrma Alanlarnn Ortak zellikleri;

-Aratrma alan olarak saptanan tm merkezlerdetemel fonksiyon alveritir.-Tm merkezlerde alveriin yansra farklfonksiyonlar da yer almaktadr. Bunlar arasndakltrel aktiviteler ve gastronomi nde gelmektedir.-Tm merkezlerde ulam kolaylatrc bir zmolarak otopark olana bulunmaktadr.-Farkl zaman dilimlerinde ina edilmi olan tmmerkezlerde dnemlerinin ada yapm yntemlerive malzemeleri kullanlmtr.

3.2. Aratrma Alanlarnn Farkl zellikleri;

*Aratrma alanlarnn sahip olduklar kullanmolanaklar:-Atakule; nikah salonu,oyun ve elence merkezinesahiptir.-Yznc Yl ars; farkl etkinlikler iin bir toplantsalonu vardr.-Real; sinema ve oyun merkezi ile ilikilidir.-Migros; sinema, oyun ve elence merkezi olarak danemlidir.-Beendik; kentin en nemli dinsel mekan iledorudan balantldr.

* Aratrma alanlarnn kentte bulunduklar yerler :-Atakule; kentin st gelir grubunun yaad birevrede yer almaktadr.

-Yznc Yl ars; alt ve alt orta gelir grubununyoun olarak yaad eski kent merkezindedir.-Real; st gelir grubunun yaad gelimeblgesindedir.-Migros; ok farkl gelir gruplar ve yerleimlerleilikilenebilecek bir yerdedir.-Beendik; kentin st-orta gelir grubunun yaad vekentlinin en youn kulland yeni kentmerkezindedir.

* Aratrma alanlarnn mekansal zellikleri:-Atakule; farkl ticari fonksiyonlardaki kk birimleribiraraya toplayan tek ve bamsz bir merkezdir.Ankara iin simgesel bir anlama sahiptir.

-Yznc Yl ars; farkl ticari fonksiyonlardakikk birimleri biraraya toplayan tek ve bamsz birmerkezdir.-Real; farkl ticari fonksiyonlar bir araya toplayantotal bir merkezdir.Bir alveri kompleksinin iindeyer almaktadr.-Migros; farkl ticari fonksiyonlardaki kk birimleribiraraya toplayan tek ve bamsz bir merkezdir.-Beendik; farkl ticari fonksiyonlar biraraya toplayantotal bir merkezdir. Kentteki en nemli dinsel yapnnalt arsdr.

* Aratrma alanlarnn ulam olanaklar:-Atakule; otobs, zel oto, taksi ve dolmu ile ulamolanana sahiptir.-Yznc Yl ars; otobs, zel oto, taksi vedolmu ile ulam olanana sahiptir.

have also been included in the research as centers used bythe city inhabitants for different activities.

3.1 The Common Properties Of The Research Areas

-The basic function of all places selected as researchareas is shopping,-There are other functions in all centers other thanshopping. The cultural activities and gastronomy areat the fore front among these activities,-Parking lot is present at all centers as a facilitator forthe transportation,-Contemporary construction methods and materialshave used in all these centers that were constructed atdifferent times.

3.2 The Deviating Properties Of The Research Areas

* The opportunities presented by the research areas:-There is a wedding center, games saloon andentertainment center at Atakule-There is meeting hall used for different activities atYznc Yl Center-Real is related to movie houses and game centers-Migros is also important as a center for movies,games and entertainment-Beendik is closely connected to the most importantreligious space of the city.

* The locations of the shopping centers in the city:-Atakule is located at a region where the upperincome group of the city resides

-Yznc Yl shopping center is located in the oldcity where the lower and middle income groupresides-Real is located in a developing settlement areawhere the upper income group resides-Migros is located in a region that can be related tohighly different income groups and settlements,-Beendik is located in the new city center where themiddle-upper income group of the city lives and usedvery intensively

* The properties related to the place of the research areas:-Atakule is a single and independent center bringingtogether small units with different commercialfunctions. It has a symbolic meaning for Ankara.-Yznc Yl shopping center is a single andindependent center bringing together small units withdifferent functions.-Real is a total center bringing together units withdifferent commercial functions. It is located within ashopping complex.-Migros center is a single and independent centerbringing together small units with different functions.-Beendik is a total center bringing together unitswith different functions. It is located below the mostimportant religious building of the city.

* The transportation to the research areas;-Bus, private car, taxi and dolmu can be used to

get to Atakule.-Bus, private car, taxi and dolmu can be used toget to Yznc Yl shopping center.

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-Real; zel oto, taksi, otobs , dolmu ve servis ileulam olanana sahiptir.-Migros; zel oto, taksi, dolmu, metro ve servis ile

ulam olanana sahiptir.-Beendik; zel oto ve taksi ile ulam olananasahiptir. Ancak merkezde olmas nedeniyle Ankaray ,metro ve otobs ile de ulalabilir bir konumdadr.

4. DEERLENDRME

Ankarann nemli 5 alveri merkezindegerekletirilen bu aratrma sonular, bu tr merkezlerintasarm srelerine yol gsterici birok ipucunubarndrmaktadr. Aratrma kapsamnda nceliklealveri merkezleri ayr ayr ele alnm ve ardndanmerkezler arasnda karlatrmal bir deerlendirmeyaplarak her bir merkezin kentsel-kamusal mekan olarakkullanm zellikleri saptanmaya allmtr.

Kiiye Ait Bilgiler:

- Ya ortalamalar asndan bakldnda tmmerkezlerde hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullancgruplarnn ounlukla 21-50 ya arasnda olduklar tesbitedilmitir. Buna karn 16-20 ya aras grup ve 50 ya stgrup kullanclar en dk orandadr.

- Doum yerleri asndan Real kullanclarnn diermerkezlerdeki kullanclardan farkllatklar grlmtr.Hafta ii ve hafta sonu Ankara doumlu kullanclarnounluu oluturduu tek merkez Realdir. Diermerkezlerde Ankara doumlu kullanclar en dkorandadr.

- Ankaradaki yaam sreleri asndan hafta ii ve haftasonu kullanclarnn merkezler arasnda farkllkgsterdikleri tesbit edilmitir. Atakule, Real ve Beendikhafta ii ve hafta sonu 16-30 yl aras; Yznc Ylars hafta ii 6-15 yl aras, hafta sonu 0-5 yl aras;Migros hafta ii 0-5 yl aras, hafta sonu 30 yldan fazla birsredir Ankarada oturan kullanclar tarafndan tercihedilmektedir.

- renim durumlar asndan bakldnda hafta iikullanclarnn Real dnda dier merkezlerde liseeitimli olduklar grlmtr. Real hafta iikullanclarnn ounluu rencidir. Hafta sonu,

Atakule, Migros ve Beendik niversite eitimli, YzncYl ars ise lise eitimli kullanclar tarafndan tercihedilmektedir. Real kullanclarnn ounluunu haftasonunda da renciler oluturmaktadr.

- Meslek dalmlar asndan kullanclar arasndafarkllklar tesbit edilmitir. Real dnda tm merkezlerdehafta sonu kullanclar serbest meslek sahibidir.Atakulede retmen ve akademisyenler de nemli orandakmtr. Realde renci ounluun yannda younkullanc grubu memurdur. Hafta ii kullanclarnabakldnda Atakule, Yznc Yl ars veBeendikde ounluun memur, Realde ounluunrenci olduklar anlalmaktadr. Migros kullanclarnnounluu ise renci, memur, teknik eleman biimindebir dalm gstermektedir.

-Bus, private car, taxi and dolmu and servicevehicles can be used to get to Real shopping center-Bus, private car, taxi, dolmu, service vehicles

and underground can be used to get to Migros.-Private car and taxi can be used to get to Beendik.However, since it is located at the center, Ankaray,underground and bus can also be used.

4. THE ASSESSMENT

The results of this research conducted at 5 importantshopping centers of Ankara contain numerous guidingclues for designing such centers. In the first place,particularly the shopping centers have been dealt withseparately in the scope of the research and then acomparative evaluation has been carried out for eachshopping center in an attempt to determine the utilizationproperties of each center as a public urban place.

The Information Related To The Person:

- As far as the average age is concerned; it was observedthat the majority of the persons using the centers duringthe week and on the weekends were between 21 50 yearsof age. The number of the users between 16 20 years andover 50 was at the lowest level.

- As far as the place of birth is concerned; it could beobserved that the users of Real were different than theother centers. Real is the only center where the personsborn in Ankara constitute the majority of users during theweek and at the weekend. The persons born in Ankaraconstitute the smallest group in the other centers.

- As far as the period passed in Ankara is concerned; it hasbeen observed that there is difference between the userduring the week days and on weekends. Atakule, Real andBeendik are preferred during the week days and on theweekends by the persons who have lived 16-30 years inAnkara, Yznc Yl shopping center by the persons whohave lived 0-5 years and Migros during the week days bythe persons who have lived 0-5 years and at weekend bythe persons who have been living in Ankara for more than30 years.

- As far as the education is concerned; the users during theweek days the users of the centers have high schooleducation with Real as the exception. Most of the users ofReal during the week days are university students.

Atakule, Migros and Beendik will be preferred at theweekend by persons with university education andYznc Yl by persons with high school education. Thestudents constitute the majority of the users of Real atweekends.

- As far as professions are concerned; differences betweenthe users have been observed. The weekend users, exceptfor Real, are in all centers are independent employers. Alarge proportion of the users in Atakule were teachers andacademicians. The second biggest group, the largest groupbeing the student group, in Real is public servants. As faras the users during the week days are concerned, themajority of the users in Yznc Yl and Shopping Centerand Beendik are public servants and in Real the students.The majority of the users in Migros is divided between thestudents, public servants, technical employees.

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- allan yerler asndan kullanclar arasndaeitlenme grlmtr. Realin hafta ii kullancounluunu renciler oluturmaktadr. Hafta sonu ise

Real kullanclar rencilerin yannda kamu alanarlkldr. Dier merkezlerde hafta sonunda zelsektrde alanlar ve serbest alanlar ounluktadr.Hafta ii en yksek oranda kamu alan Beendikkullanclar arasndadr. Beendik merkezdedir ve ulamrahat olduu iin zellikle tercih edilmektedir. Aynekilde dirt merkezlerde de kamu alan kullanclaryksek oranda kmtr.

- Serbest zaman deerlendirmeleri asndanbakldnda merkezler arasnda farkl eilimler tesbitedilmitir. Serbest zamann TV izleyerek geiren hafta iikullanclar Atakule, Real ve Beendikte ounluuoluturmaktadr. Migros kullanclar ounlukla

kahvehaneye gitmeyi, Yznc Yl ars kullanclarise ounlukla kitap okumay tercih etmektedirler.Atakule, Migros ve Yznc Yl arsnda kullanclarnounluu hafta sonlar TV izlediklerini ifade etmilerdir.Bu kez kitap okuyan kullanc ounluu Real veBeendiktedir.

Hane Halkna Ait Bilgiler:

- Hanede yaayan kii says asndan bakldndaAtakule ve Migros kullanclarnn hafta ii 4 kiilik ailesays ile farkllatklar grlmtr. Dier merkezlerdehafta ii ve tm merkezlerde hafta sonu kullanclarounlukla 3 kiilik ailelerden olumaktadr.

- ocuk say

s

a

s

ndanbak

ld

nda Realde hafta ii vehafta sonu kullanclarnn ocuk sahibi olmadklar tesbitedilmitir. Atakule ve Migros hafta ii kullanclarnnocuk sahibi olmadklar, hafta sonu kullanclarnn ise 1veya 2 ocua sahip olduklar; Yznc Yl ars haftaii kullanclarnn 2, hafta sonu kullanclarnn 1 ;Beendik hafta ii kulanclarnn 1 ve hafta sonukullanclarnn 2 ocua sahip olduklar ortaya kmtr.

- ocuklarn renim durumlar asndan bakldndatm merkezlerde hafta ii ve hafta sonu kulanclarnnocuklarnn ounlukla renci olduklar anlalmtr.

- Hanede alan kii says asndan bakldndaMigros ve Beendik hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclarnnhanede 1 kii; Atakule kullanclarnn hanede 2 kii;Yznc Yl ars hafta ii kullanclarnn hanede 2,hafta sonu kullanclarnn 1; Real hafta ii kullanclarnnhanede 1, hafta sonu kullanclarnn hanede 2 kiialtklar tesbit edilmitir.

- Aylk gelirleri asndan bakldnda kullanclararasnda farkllklar grlmtr. Atakule hafta ii vehafta sonu kullanclarnn aylk geliri 501-750 milyon TLaras iken; Yznc Yl arsnda hafta ii 501-750milyon TL, hafta sonu ise 251-500 milyon TL arasndadeimektedir. Realde hafta ii 751 milyon-1 milyar TL

aras

, hafta sonu 1 milyar TLden fazla gelire sahipkullanc says fazladr. Migros ve Beendik hafta iikullanclarnn geliri 251-500 milyon TL iken, hafta sonu

- As far as the place of employments is concerned;diversity has been observed. The students constitute themajority in Real during the week days. There is a large

group of persons working in the public sector at theweekends in Real. The majority in the other centers atweekends is constituted by the persons working in privatesector and independent employers. The largest number ofpersons working in the public sector during the week dayscan be seen in Beendik. is located at the center and willbe preferred because it is easy to get there. In the sameway, a high rate of the persons working in the publicsector has been observed in the other shopping centers.

- As far as using the free time is concerned; deviatingtendencies have been observed in the different centers.The week day users who pass their free time watching TVconstitute the majority in Atakule, Real and Beendik.The majority of the users of Yznc Yl Shopping Centerusually prefer reading. The majority of the users inYznc Yl, Atakule and Migros have stated that theyusually watch TV at weekends. The majority of the usersat weekends in Real and Beendik read books.

The Information Related To Persons n The Household

- As far as the number of persons in the household isconcerned; The users in Atakule and Migros are differentwith families of four persons. Most of the users in theother centers during the week days and at weekendsbelong to families with three persons.

- As far as the number of children is concerned; it hasbeen observed that the users in Real during the week daysand at weekends do not have children. The users inAtakule and Migros during the week days usually have 1or 2 children, the users in Yznc Yl Shopping Centerduring the week have 2 children and those at the weekendshave one child, the users in Beendik during the weekdays have 1 child and at the weekends 2 children.

- As far as the education of the children is concerned; ithas been observed that in all centers both during the weekdays and at the weekends the children are students.

- As far as the number of the working family members inthe household is concerned; in Migros and Beendikduring the week days and at weekend there is one workingperson in the household, in Atakule there are 2 persons inthe household, of the users during the week days inYznc Yl Shopping Center there are 2 working personsin the household and 1 person working in the household atthe weekend, of the users in Real at weekends there is 1working person in the household and 2 persons of theusers at the weekend.

- As far as the monthly income is concerned; the monthlyincome of the users in Atakule during the week days andat weekends is 501-750 millions TL, the monthly incomeof the users in Yznc Yl Shopping Center during theweek days 501-750 millions TL and at the weekends 251-500 millions TL. The monthly income in Real during the

week days is 751-1 billion and at weekends over 1 billionTL. While the monthly income of the users in Migros andBeendik during the week amount to 251-500 millions

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Beendik ayn kalmakta, Migrosda ise kullanclarngelir dzeyleri 501-750 milyon TL ye ykselmektedir.Gelir dalm asndan bakldnda aylk geliri en

yksek kullanc grubunun Realde olduu grlmektedir.Dier merkezler arasnda Atakulenin kullanc grubunungelir durumu Reale yakndr.Yznc Yl arskullanclar bir ara grup oluturmaktadrlar. Migros veBeendik kullanclar ise gelir dalm asndan bir altkategoride yer almaktadrlar.

TL, at the weekends the monthly income in Beendikremains the same but it increases to 501-750 million TL inMigros. With regard to the income distribution, the user

group with the highest monthly income is in Real. Themonthly income of the users in Atakule is similar to Real.The users of Yznc Yl Shopping Center establish anintermediary group. The users of Migros and Beendik arelocated in the lower group with respect to incomedistribution.

Table 1.Income Distribution of Users of Shopping Centersizelge 1.Alveri Merkezleri Kullanclarnn Gelir Dalm

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0-250 million/milyon 251-500 million/milyon 501-750 million/milyon 751mil.-1 billion/milyar 1 billion/milyar

%Atakule Yznc Yl ars Real Migros Beendik

Konuta Ait Bilgiler:

- Yaanlan yerleim alanlar ile merkezler arasndakiiliki ilgin sonular ortaya karmtr. Hafta iinde vehafta sonunda tm merkezlerin ortak kullanc potansiyeliEmek-Baheli, Etlik-Keiren ve Batkent yerleimleriolarak saptanmtr. Atakule yakn evresince hafta ii vehafta sonu en az kullanlmaktadr. Yznc Yl ars isehafta ii ve hafta sonu yakn evresince hemen hikullanlmamaktadr. Real hafta ii youn biimde yaknevresince tercih edilirken, hafta sonu ounlukla uzakyerleimlerde oturanlar tarafndan tercih edilmektedir.Migros kullanclar hafta ii yerleim yerleri asndangeni bir dalm gsterirken, hafta sonu belirli saydayerleim yerinden gelen kullanclar tarafndan tercihedilmektedir. Beendik ise hafta ii ve hafta sonu yaknevresi de dahil en geni kullanc potansiyeline sahiptir.

Bu sonulara gre Ankarada hafta ii ve hafta sonundayerleim yerlerinde alveri arlkl bir kullanchareketlilii yaanmakta; merkez tercihlerinde yerleimyerlerine yaknlk dikkate alnmamaktadr.

- Oturulan konutun nitelii ile ilgili soruya verilencevaplardan tm merkezlerde hafta ii ve hafta sonukullanclarnn ounluunun apartman dairesindeoturduklar tespit edilmitir.

- Oturulan konutun oda says farkllamaktadr.Atakule ve Real hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclar

ounlukla salon+3 odal; Yznc Yl ars veBeendik hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclar ounluklasalon+2 odal; Migros hafta ii kullanclar ounlukla

The Information Related To The Residence:

- The relationship between the settlement areas andcenters has yielded interesting g results. The common userpotential of all centers during the week days and atweekends is located in Emek-Baheli, Etlik-Keiren andBatkent settlements. The persons living in the vicinity ofAtakule use this shopping center the least. Yznc YlShopping Center is almost not used at all during the weekdays and at the weekends by the persons living in thevicinity. While Real will be preferred intensively duringthe weekdays by the persons living in the vicinity, it ismostly preferred by the persons living in far awaysettlements at the weekends. The users of Migros exhibit awide distribution with respect to the settlements during theweek days but it will be preferred by persons coming fromcertain settlement areas. Beendik has the largest potential

of users including the persons living in the vicinity bothduring the week days and at the weekends. According tothese results, a user mobility related mostly to shoppingcan be observed in Ankara during the week days and at theweekends and the distance to the shopping centers will notbe taken into consideration with regard to the choice of theshopping center.

- It has been observed in the answers to questionsregarding the type of the residence that most of the usersduring the week days and at the weekends live inapartment houses.

- The number of the rooms in the residence exhibitsdifferences. Most of the users in Real and Atakule during

the week days and at weekends live in residences withthree rooms and 1 saloon, most of the users in YzncYl Shopping Center and Beendik during the week days

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salon+2 odal, hafta sonu salon+3 odal konutlardaoturmaktadrlar. Bu sonular, gelir dalm bulgularndorulamaktadr.

- Oturulan konutun mlkiyeti ile ilgili soruya verilencevaplardan tm merkezlerde hafta ii ve hafta sonukullanclarnn ounlukla oturduklar konuta kirademedikleri tesbit edilmitir.

- Konutun sahiplilik durumu deiken olup Realhafta sonu kullanclar dnda tm merkezlerde mlkiyetounlukla ahsa aittir. Real hafta sonu kullanclarnda isebu durumun anne-baba mlkiyeti olarak arlk kazandanlalmtr. Real kullanclarnn ounluunun renciolmalar bu sonuca yol amtr.

Mekana Ait Bilgiler:

- Merkezlere ulam konusuna ilikin soruya verilencevaplardan ilgin bir sonu kmtr. Merkezler arasndaservis olana olan 2 merkez Migros ve Realdir. AncakRealde dk oranda kullanc servisi tercih etmektedir.Seenekler arasnda yer alan yryerek cevab sadeceRealde anlamn bulmutur. Real hafta ii ounluklayakn evreden tercih edilmektedir. Merkezlerde hafta iikullanclar asndan ounlukla tercih edilen ulambiimi toplu tam iken, hafta sonu kullanclar asndanzel oto, Beendik dnda tm merkezlerde tercih edilenulam biimi olmutur. Beendikte ise, merkezde olmasnedeniyle, Ankaray ve metro ile ulam arlk

kazanm

t

r.

- Merkezlere geli skl ile ilgili deerlendirmedehafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclar tarafndan Atakule veYznc Yl arsnn ayda bir ve pek seyrekkullanld ortaya kmtr.Bu sonu her iki merkezdegda zerine bir kullanmn olmamasna balanmaktadr.Realde hafta ii; haftada bir ve onbe gnde bir kullanmyoun iken, hafta sonu; ayda bir kullanm younlamtr.Real hafta ii ounlukla yakn evreden kullanclarntercih ettikleri bir merkez konumundadr. Migros veBeendik ise hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclartarafndan onbe gnde bir tercih edilen merkezlerdir. Heriki merkezin de kolay ulalabilir olmalar bu sonuca yol

amtr. Merkezlerin haftalk kullanm iin tercihedilmemeleri kullanclarn toplu alveri yapmaistemlerinin bir sonucudur.

- Merkezlere geli durumu ile ilgili soruya verilencevaplardan hafta sonu Atakule ve Real kullanclarnnneredeyse tamamnn merkeze yalnz gelmedikleri,Yznc Yl ars , Migros ve Beendikte ise bu orannyar yarya dt tesbit edilmitir. Hafta ii oranlardeise de tm merkezlerde yalnz kullanmn ok tercihedilmedii anlalmaktadr.

- Merkezlere kimlerle gelindii sorusu hafta ii tmmerkezlerde, hafta sonu Yznc Yl ars dnda diermerkezlerde ounlukla e olarak cevaplanm, Yznc

Yl ars hafta sonu kullanmnda arkada tercihi arlkkazanmtr. Bu sonu merkezlerde, alveriinounlukla aileler tarafndan gerekletirildiini ortaya

and at the weekends live in residences with 2 rooms and asaloon, the users in Migros during the week days and atweekends live in residences with 2 rooms and a saloon.

These results corroborate the findings related to theincome distribution.

- It has been observed in the answers to the questionrelated to the ownership of the residence that most of theusers in all centers during the week days and at theweekends do not pay rental fee for the residence they livein.

- The ownership of the residence is variable and in allcenters except the users in Real at the weekends usuallythe persons own the residence. It has been observed withregard to the users in Real at the weekends that the parentsof the users have the ownership of the residences. The factthat most of the users were students has led to this result.

The Information Related To ThePlace

- An interesting result has been obtained from thequestions regarding the means of transport to the centers.Two of the centers, Migros and Real, have servicevehicles but only a minority prefers to use the servicevehicle of Real. The choice of walking was onlymeaningful with regard to Real. Real will be preferredduring the week days by the persons living in the vicinity.Most of the users in the centers during the week daysprefer the public transportation vehicles but at theweekends private car replaces the public transportationand will be preferred by the users in all centers except forReal. Ankaray and underground were the preferred means

of transportation for Beendik because it is centrallylocated.

- It has been observed in the assessment with respect tothe frequency of visits to the centers that Atakule andYznc Yl Shopping Center will be used once a monthand rather seldom. This result is connected with the factthat in both centers food is not sold. While visits once aweek or every two weeks are intensive for the week daysin Real and once a month for the weekends. Real is acenter that will be preferred by the users in the vicinityduring the week days. Migros and Beendik are centersthat will be visited both during the week days and theweekends once every two weeks. The location of thesecenters has led to this result. The fact that the centers will

usually not be used once a week means that the consumersmake large scale purchases.

- It has been observed from the answers given to thequestion related to how the user s come to the centers thatalmost none of the users of Atakule and Real at theweekends were not alone but half of the users of YzncYl, Migros and Beendik were alone. The proportionschange somewhat for the weekends but coming as a singlewill not be preferred in any of the centers.

- The question related to the persons accompanying theusers was mostly answered as the spouse in all centersexcept in Yznc Yl Shopping Center during the week

days and the friend was the preferred accompanyingperson in Yznc Yl Shopping Center at the weekends.This shows that the shopping activity will usually be

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koymaktadr.

- Merkezlere geli amac ile ilgili soruya verilen

cevaplardan Yznc Y

l ar

s

, Real ve Beendikinhafta ii ve hafta sonu alveri ; Migrosun hafta iidolama, hafta sonu alveri ; Atakulenin ise diermerkezlerden ayr olarak hafta ii ve hafta sonu dolamaamal kullanld anlalmtr. Yznc Yl ars,Real ve Beendikde var olan yeme-ime, sergi, sinema-tiyatro, buluma v.b kullanmlar ikincil aktiviteler olarakkalmtr. Beendik ve Yznc Yl arsnn bu adankullanclara sunduklar olanaklar snrldr. Ancak Realkullanclar sunulan tm olanaklara karn merkezialveri ncelikli tercih etmektedirler.

- Merkezlerin mekansal etkisi kullanc yorumlarndaeitlilik gstermektedir. Ancak, tm merkezlerde hafta iive hafta sonu kullanclarnn cevaplar olumlu mekansal

etkiler ieren rahatlk verici, deiik ve heyecan verici,keyif verici ve toplayc yantlarda younlamtr.

-Merkezlerde yeni ilikiler kurulamamaktadr.Haftaii ve hafta sonu kullanclarnn neredeyse tamamnnmerkezlerde herhangi birisi ile tanmadklar grlmtr.Merkezlerin kullanclar tarafndan ounlukla alveriiin tercih edildikleri, herhangi bir iletiim ortam olarakdeerlendirilmedikleri anlalmaktadr.

- Merkezlerin tanma olanasalamas konusundahafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclar ounlukla olumsuzdnmektedirler. Yznc Yl ars kullanclar bu

a

dan en tutucu gruptur. Dier merkezlerde ise olumludnen kullanclar da nemli bir oranda kmtr.

- Merkezlerde tanma ilikisi olmal biimindednenler var olan aktivitelere ek baz aktiviteler mzik,elence, spor, sergi vb. nermilerdir. Migros hafta iive hafta sonu kullanclarnn istemleri ise yallaramekan, ak mekan, oturma mekan biimindeeitlenmektedir. Pek ok farkl aktiviteye olanak salayanMigros, kamusal kullanm asndan dier merkezlerdenfarkllamaktadr.

- Merkezlerin olanak saladklar aktiviteler katlm

a

s

ndan tm merkezlerde s

n

rl

d

r. Al

veri d

ndamerkezlerde yer alan sergi-konferans, sinema- tiyatro,yeme-ime vb. bir ok aktivite birbirlerinden yaltlmmekanlarda gerekletirilmekte ve bu durum kullanckatlmn snrlandrmaktadr.

- Merkezlerde dnlen farkl aktiviteler ile ilgilisoruya verilen cevaplardan tm merkezlerde hafta ii vehafta sonu kullanclarnn aktivitelerin eitlenmesikonusunda gr birlii iinde olduklar anlalmtr.nerilen aktivitelerden ncelikli olan spordur. ArdndanYznc Yl ars kullanclar dnda, tmmerkezlerdeki kullanclarn ortak istemi olarak yazlk

sinema gelmektedir. Kahvehane, Beendik hafta iikullanclar hari tm merkezlerde kullanclarn ortak veyoun istemidir. Beendik kullanclar iin merkezde pek

carried out by the families.

- It has been observed from the answers given to the

question related to the purpose of the visit at the centerthat Yznc Yl, Real and Beendik are used forshopping during the week and at weekends, Migros willbe used for looking around during the week and shoppingat the weekend, unlike the others, Atakule will be used forlooking around during the week and at weekends.

- Activities such as eating, exhibitions, movie, theater,meeting with other people are secondary activities withregard to Yznc Yl Real and Beendik. Beendik and

Yznc Yl Shopping Center do not offer many suchopportunities. However, the visitors at Real still do notmake much use of these opportunities although they areoffered there and prefer in the first place shopping in Real.

- The interpretation of the visitors with regard to theeffect of space in the centers deviates. However, theanswers given by the visitors in all centers both during theweek days and the weekends are fraught with positivespace effects comforting, different and exciting,pleasant.

- When the centers are evaluated with respect to humanrelationships, it can be observed that almost none of thevisitors both during the week days and at weekends has

met anybody new in the centers. Obviously the centers areused and preferred by the visitors mainly for shoppingare not considered to be a place conducive forcommunication.

- Most of the visitors during the week days and atweekends have a negative opinion with regard to thecenters as providing opportunities for meeting new people.The visitors of Yznc Yl Shopping Center constitute inthis respect the most conservative group. A relatively largegroup has emerged in the other centers that has a positiveopinion in this respect.

- Those who think that it should be possible to get toknow new people in the centers have suggested additionalactivities such as music, entertainment, sports, exhibition,etc. The desire of the visitors during the week days and atweekends in Migros was diversification such as places forelderly people, open spaces, sitting places. Migros that hasa lot of activities has differentiated itself from the otherswith respect to public utilization.

- The participation in the activities offered by thecenters is of a limited nature in all centers. The activitiesother than eating such as exhibition, conference, movie,theater, gastronomy locations are all insulated from eachother, which is a limiting factor regarding the participationof the visitors in these activities.

- It has been observed from the answers given to the

question regarding the opinion of the visitors on thedifferent activities in the centers that there is a consensusamong the visitors both during the week days and at the

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ok kahvehane olmas bu istemi snrlamtr. Dierneriler azalan oranda TV izleme ve kitap okuma,ardndan sergi biiminde eitlenmektedir. Ortaya kan

bu sonular, merkezlerin kamusal kullanm olanaklarasndan gznne alnmas gereken nemli verilerdir.

weekends related to the diversification of the activities.The activity suggested most is sports. This is followed bysummer movie house in all centers except Yznc Yl

Shopping Center. The establishment of cafes is thecommon and intensive desire of all visitors in all centersexcept in Beendik. The presence of a large number ofcafes in the vicinity of Beendik has limited this desire.Among the other suggestions in diminishing numbers arewatching TV, reading books and exhibitions. These resultsare important data, which should be taken intoconsideration with respect to the public utilization ofcenters.

Table 2. The activity desiresizelge 2. Aktivite istemleri

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Cinema/Yazl k

sinema

Sport/Spor Reading/ Kitap

okuma

TV watching/Tv

izleme

Cafe/Kahvehane Exhibit ion/Sergi Other/Dier

%

Atakule Yznc Y

l ar

s

Real Migros Beendik

t

- Benzer merkezlere gitme durumu ile ilgili soruyaverilen cevaplardan hafta ii ve hafta sonu kullanclarnnneredeyse tamamnn benzer merkezlere gittiklerianlalmtr. Merkezler bu anlamda belirlibir kullancprofiline sahip deillerdir.

- Merkezler arasnda en youn kullanlan merkezBeendikdir. Beendik ulam olanaklar nedeniylencelikli tercihtir. Ardndan , Migros, Real, Atakule veYznc Yl ars gelmektedir.

5.SONU

Alveri merkezleri kentsel-kamusal mekan zellikleriile gnmzde kentte yaayan farkl gruplarn en nemliiletiim ortamlardr. Ankara rneinde, 5 alverimerkezi zelinde gerekletirilen aratrma sonular buyaklam asndan ilgin bulgular ortaya koymaktadr.Farkl kullanm olanaklarna sahip olmalarna karnmerkezlerde ncelikli aktivite alveritir. Belirliaralklarla- merkezlerin ziyaret edilme zaman aral enerken on be gndr- ve ounlukla ailece yaplanalveri amal bir eylem biimidir. Hafta sonlarnda,zel otolar ve genellikle aileleri ile gelen kullanclartoplu alverii tercih etmektedirler. Alveri ksa birsrede gerekletirilmekte ve ardndan merkezterkedilmektedir. Kullanclarn ounluu merkezlerdegerekletirilen dier aktivitelere katlmamaktadr.Merkezlerin alveri arlkl olarak kurgulanmalar

- It has been observed from the answers given to thequestion related to going to the centers that almost allvisitors during the week days and at weekends go tosimilar centers. The centers do not have in this meaning acertain user profile.

- Obviously, Beendik is the shopping center that willbe used most compared to the centers. Beendik will bepreferred as a result of the means of transport followed byMigros, Real, Atakule and Yznc Yl Shopping Center.

5. CONCLUSION

The shopping centers with their public urban placeproperties must be considered as the most importantcommunication environment of our time for the differentgroups. In the example of Ankara, the results of theresearch conducted on the basis of 5 shopping centershave led to interesting findings with respect to thisapproach. Although they offer different opportunities, theimportant activity in the centers is shopping. This is a typeof activity with the aim of shopping carried out usually bythe family in certain intervals the visiting interval of thecenters is 15 days or more. The visitors who come withtheir own cars and generally together with families at theweekends prefer shopping regarding their needs for a fewweeks. The shopping will be accomplished in short periodof time and the family leaves the center. Most of the usersdo not take part in the activities. The activities are isolated

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nedeniyle aktiviteler birbirlerinden kopuktur ve alverieylemi ile btnleememektedir.

and cannot be integrated with the shopping as a result ofthe fact that the centers are considered as just shoppingplaces.

Table 3. The comparison of the purpose of the visit at the shopping centre and activities carried outizelge 3. Alveri Merkezleri Geli Amac Olanak Salad aktiviteler karlatrmas

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Purposeof

coming/Geli

amac

Activities

offered/Ol.Sa.A

k.

Purposeof

coming/Geli

amac

Activities

offered/'Ol.Sa.A

k.

Purposeof

coming/Geli

amac

Activities

offered/Ol.Sa.A

k.

Purposeofcoming/

Geli

amac

Activities

offered/Ol.Sa.A

k.

Purposeof

coming/Geli

amac

Activitiesoffered/

Ol.Sa.A

k.

Atakule Yznc Yl Real Migros Beendik

Other/ Dier

Movie and Theatre/ Sinema

TiyatroExhibition/ Sergi

Food/ Yeme ime

Straying around/ Dolama

Shopping/ Alveri

Meeting/Buluma

Merkezler kentlilerin bir arada olabilecekleri mekansaldonatlar asndan da yetersizdir. Bu yetersizlikkullanclar tarafndan dile getirilmekte, ancak bu donatlararaclyla gerekleecek yeni ilikiler konusunda

ekimser bir tavr sergilenmektedir.Oysa merkezlerdeolmas istenen yeni aktivitelerin yeni ilikilere yolamalar kanlmazdr.

The centers are insufficient with respect to the placeequipment where the city dwellers can be together. Thisinsufficiency will be stated by the users but they exhibit ahesitant attitude toward the new relationships to be

realized by this equipment whereas the new activitiesdesired to be carried out in the centers would inevitablylead to new relationships.

Table 4. The comparison between the relationship of getting to know and the oppotunity to get to knowizelge 4. Tanma ilikisi tanma olana karlatrmas

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Rel.OfGet.To

Know/Tan

ma

likisi

Opp.

ToGetto

Know/Tan

ma

Olana

Rel.OfGet.To

Know/Tan

ma

likisi

Opp.

ToGetto

Know/Tan

ma

Olana

Rel.OfGet.To

Know/Tan

ma

likisi

Opp.

ToGetto

Know/Tan

ma

Olana

Rel.OfGet.To

Know/Tan

ma

likisi

Opp.

ToGetto

Know/Tan

ma

Olana

Rel.OfGet.To

Know/Tan

ma

likisi

Opp.

ToGetto

Know/Tan

ma

Olana

Atakule Yznc Yl ars Real Migros Beendik

No/Hayr

Yes/Evet

Kullanm younluu ve eitlililiine ilikin sonularagre merkezler sadece yakn evre kullanclar tarafndandeil, kentin farkl yerleimlerinden gelen kullanclartarafndan da tercih edilmektedirler (ekil-1). Kentteyaamsal ve mekansal ayrmay giderebilecekaraylarda alveri merkezlerinin nemi bu ekilde ortayakmaktadr. Farkl gruplar asndan tketim ortakeilimdir ve eilimin karland mekanlar aslnda hergruptan insan iin ncelikle bir iletiim

According to the results related to the insensitivity anddiversity of the utilization, the centers are not onlypreferred by the users living in the vicinity but also by theusers coming from different settlements of the city (Figure1). The importance of the centers for the elimination of thedifferentiation of life and place in the city can be seenfrom these results. The consumption is the commontendency with regard to the different groups and the placesthat satisfy these inclinations establish in the first place a

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ortamdr.Alveri merkezlerinin tm kentliler asndankullanlabilir olmas aratrmada ortaya konulan savdorulayan nemli bir sonutur.

Kenti; ayrmann deil, birarada oluun zenginliiolarak ele alabilmek iin alveri merkezlerinin kenttebirbirleri ile iletiim kurma olana bulamayan farklyerleimlerdeki nfusu bir araya getiren kamusalkullanm niteliklerinin yeniden deerlendirilmesi zorunluve gereklidir. Bu deerlendirme asndan yukarda yeralan bulgular olduka nemli ve yol gsterici niteliktedir.Bu tr merkezlerin her biri birer paylam mekan olarakkurgulandnda, kent, farkllklarylazenginleebilecektir.

communication environment for the people from thedifferent groups. The fact that the shopping centers can beused by all city dwellers is a significant result confirming

the argument put forward in the research.

In order to be able to consider the city as a placeexhibiting the wealth of integration instead of thedifferentiation it is necessary and obligatory to reassessthe public utilization characteristics that bring together thepeople in different settlements who do not have theopportunity to communicate with each other. The findingsabove are important and guiding with respect to thisassessment. When each of these centers is designed as aplace of sharing, the city will be richer with its diversity.

Figure 1. Shopping centers and residence area relationekil 1. Alveri Merkezleri Yerleim yerleri ilikisi

Received/ Geli Tarihi: 06.11.2003 Accepted/Kabul Tarihi: 10.11.2004

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