51. BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA OF LEG 48 MATERIAL · 2007. 5. 14. · 51. BASIC ORGANIC...
Transcript of 51. BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA OF LEG 48 MATERIAL · 2007. 5. 14. · 51. BASIC ORGANIC...
51. BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA OF LEG 48 MATERIAL
T. Doran, P.G. Johnson, P.J.D. Park, G.C. Speers, and J. Williams, Exploration and Production Division, BP ResearchCentre, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, England
INTRODUCTION
Composite samples from each of the sites drilled onDS DP Leg 48 were selected for examination by the ship-board geochemist. The samples were placed in carefullycleaned containers, supplied by British Petroleum Corpora-tion. The canned samples were frozen immediately andmaintained in this state throughout the leg and thereafter,prior to analysis. A list of the samples collected is given inTable 1 together with relevant characterization data from thesummary log.
Additional samples from Site 402 were obtained from theIFP Laboratories in order to extend our coverage of thesampled intervals, particularly the more organic-rich Cre-taceous shales. Details of these samples are also includedin Table 1. Additional material supplied by the IFP Labora-tories was in the form of dry, ground sediment.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTSThe bulk of the water in the frozen samples was removed
by freeze-drying, without disruption of the core material;residual water, remaining after this treatment, was removedby drying the samples over phosphorus pentoxide in a des-iccator. Small portions of the dried cores were removed,mounted in resin and polished, and the reflectance of vitrini-tic material present was determined by standard oil immer-sion procedures (Table 2). At this stage, small amounts ofsample were also removed and used for kerogen preparationby hydrochloric acid/hydrofluoric acid treatment undernonoxidizing conditions. Visual microscopic examinationsof the kerogen concentrates were made, the results of whichare summarized in Table 3. Examination of the gross lithol-ogy and a brief X-ray diffraction analysis of each samplewere made, the results of which are summarized in Table 4.
The remainder of each sample was then ground to <106µm BSS and stored for further use in clean, dry bottles. Thebottles, and all other glassware used throughout the work,were thoroughly cleaned by washing first with methylenechloride, then by immersion in chromic acid and, finally, bywashing with doubly distilled water; drying in an oven fol-lowed.
If sufficient sample was available, 100 g of core materialwas solvent extracted. This operation was carried out for 48hours in a Soxhlet extractor fitted with a glass fiber thimble.The thimble had been extracted extensively with methylenechloride, followed by heating at 450°C for 16 hours. Thesolvent used in these extractions, and at all other stages ofthis work, had been previously redistilled from Analar Rea-gent grade material in a 40-plate distillation apparatus. Eachsolvent was tested prior to use by evaporating 300 ml to
dryness, dissolving in 10 µ\ of solvent, and injecting 0.4 µ\of the solution directly into a gas chromatograph running atmaximum usable sensitivity. Only solvents giving no peaksother than that of the solvent were used for this work.
The Soxhlet extracts were treated with copper powder toremove any elemental sulfur and filtered through a glasssinter. They were then evaporated to dryness by gentleblowing with filtered, dry nitrogen on a heated block main-tained at 35°C. The residual total soluble extract (TSE) wasweighed and then fractionated by liquid chromatographyover silica gel. The n + p (saturate alkane) fraction waseluted by n-heptane and the combined aromatics +heterocyclics (A + H) and residual material were eluted bybenzene/methanol (3:1 v/v). The per cent weight TSE foreach sample is given in Table 5 together with other dataobtained on the sediment extracts.
Three grams of unextracted material from each core wasdecarbonated using the following procedure: 30 ml IN HC1was added to the sample and the bulk of the liquid decantedafter effervescence had ceased. A further 30 ml of 2/V HC1was added until no further effervescence occurred. A finaltreatment with 10 ml concentrated HC1 (13/V) was givenwith the container in an ultrasonic bath for 2 hours at 40°C.The mixture was diluted with distilled water and repeatedlywashed until neutral. The residue was dried in a vacuumoven and, finally, in a desiccator over phosphorus pent-oxide. The difference in weight between the initial andfinal material was used to calculate the per cent weight HC1soluble material given in Table 5. The total organic carboncontent (TOC) of the decarbonated sediment was then de-termined by a standard combustion procedure, and the val-ues used to calculate the various indexes are given inTable 5.
The n + p fractions obtained from the liquid chromato-graphic separations of the TSE were examined by gaschromatography. The columns used were SGE SCOT typewith SE 30 as stationary phase and totally splitless injectionwas employed. Conditions for all runs were: initial hold for12 minutes at 100°C, followed by programming at 3°C/minute up to the final hold at 290°C. Flame ionization detec-tors and injectors were maintained at 35O°C. Examples ofthe chromatograms obtained are shown in Figures 1 to 8.Carbon preference indexes (CPI) were calculated for n-a\-kanes in the Cis to C32 range, together with the pristane/phytane ratio (Pr/Ph); these values are also included inTable 5. Distribution profiles of the rc-alkanes were obtainedfrom the quantitative date of the gas chromatograms and areillustrated in Figures 9 to 18.
A more detailed examination of a limited number of the n+ p fractions was undertaken by capillary column gaschromatography/mass spectrometry, in order to obtain data
977
T. DORAN ET AL.
TABLE 1Samples Examined
Hole 399
Hole 400A
Hole 401
Hole 402
Hole 402A
Hole 403
Core
222
00
OO
00 O
O
00
00
18
29
393939
494949
5
1414141414
111
5555
4444
11
1616
18A18A
18B18B18B18B
323232
333
14
14
26262626
292929
Section
123
123456
1-7
1
123
234
1-5
12345
123
1234
1234
1
12
12
1234
236
123
1
2
1234
124
Interval(cm)
5-7; 60-6238-40; 114-11620-22; 104-106
27-2927-2927-2926-2831-3331-33
(composite)
0-22
0-100-100-10
0-100-100-3
All 0-5
1-81-81-61-61-7
1-51-51-7
15-2310-170-90-9
6-150-6122-1250-6
53-60126-13137-45
63-67, 125-129,144-150
0-8
0-60-10-60-6
9-1778-836-13
Depth(m)
63.05-63.6264.88-65.6566.20-67.06
141.27-141.29142.77-142.79144.27-144.29145.77-145.79147.31-147.32148.81-148.83
236.0-245.5
340.50-340.77
435.50-435.60437.0-437.1438.50-438.60
532.0-532.1533.5-533.6535.0-535.3
198.51-198.58200.01-200.08201.51-201.56203.01-203.06204.01-204.07
40.01-40.0541.51-41.5543.01-43.05
127.65-137.73129.10-139.17130.50-130.59132.00-132.09
165.06-165.15167.00-167.06169.72-169.75170.00-170.06
14.53-14.6016.76-16.8117.37-17.45
119.13-117.17,119.75-119.77,119.97-120.0120.0-120.08
232.50-232.56234.0-234.01235.50-235.56237.00-237.06
261.09-261.17263.28-263.33265.56-265.63
Stage
Pleistocene
Upper Pliocene
Upper Miocene
Middle Miocene
Lower Miocene
Middle Eocene
Middle Eocene
Upper Palaeocene
Pleistocene
Upper Eocene
Middle Eocene
Lower Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Upper Miocene
Middle Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lithological DescriptionFrom Summary Report
Marly calcareous ooze
Nannofossil ooze
Nannofossil chalk
Nannofossil chalkMarly nannofossil chalk
Marly nannofossil chalk
Nannofossil chalk
Siliceous marly chalk
Nannofossil chalk
Nannofossil chalk
Nannofossil marly ooze
Siliceous marly nannofossil chalk
Siliceous marly nannofossil chalk
Calcareous mudstone
Marly chalk
Carbonaceous marly limestone
Dolomitic marly limestone
Carbonaceous calcareous mudstone
Calcareous mudstone
Nannofossil ooze
Marly nannofossil chalkSiliceous nannofossil chalk
Mudstone
978
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 1 - Continued
Hole 404
Hole 405
Hole 406
Core
35353535
40
40
171717
212121
222222
4
I0
131313
17171717
40
42
222
13131313
2424
32
3232
3939393939
474747
Section
1234
2
3
123
234
235
1
1-7
235
2345
1
2
13
234
1234
12
3
45
12345
123
Interval(cm)
72-8289-96128-13639-46
10-13, 50-53105-109
0-5, 88-91
87-9020-330-11
0-100-100-6
16-24110-12035-42
0-22
All 0-5
1-976-850-10
110-120110-12050-6050-60
7-12, 144-150
29-33, 141-150
7-1718-27, 100-112
98-107107-1220-7
138-14054-5932-38104-112
33-4367-75
17-26, 12-15
133-14146-56
0-759-7426-3417-2469-70
100-10440-5193-99
Depth(m)
318.72-318.82320.39-320.46322.28-322.36322.89-322.96
375.10-375.13,375.50-375.53,376.05-376.09378.00-378.05,378.88-378.91
294.87-294.90295.70-295.83297.00-297.11
333.50-333.60335.00-335.10336.00-336.06
343.16-343.24345.60-345.70347.35-347.42
36.50-36.72
84.00-93.5
114.01-114.09116.25-116.35118.50-118.60
162.10-162.20162.60-162.70164.50-164.60165.50-165.60
369.07-369.12370.44-370.55370.79-370.83371.41-371.50
388.07-388.17391.18-391.27392.00-392.12
64.48-64.5766.07-66.2266.50-66.57
452.88-452.90453.54-458.59454.82-454.88467.04-467.12
556.83-556.93558.67-558.75
633.67-633.76633.62-633.65637.83-637.91638.46-638.56
698.50-698.57700.09-700.24701.26-701.34702.67-702.74704.69-704.70
775.00-775.04776.40-776.51778.43-778.49
Stage
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Pleistocene
Middle/LowerEocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lower Eocene
Pleistocene
Upper Miocene
Middle Miocene
Upper/MiddleOligocene
Upper Eocene
Lower Eocene
Lithological DescriptionFrom Summary Report
Mudstone
Mudstone
Mudstone
Mudstone
Mudstone
Marly nannofossil ooze
Nannofossil ooze
Siliceous marly nannofossil chalkmudstone
Siliceous calcareous mudstone
Siliceous calcareous mudstone
Siliceous calcareous mudstone
Marly nannofossil ooze
Nannofossil chalk
Siliceous chalk
Calcareous and siliceous chalk
Calcareous and siliceous chalk
Calcareous claystone
979
T. DORAN ET AL.
TABLE 2Vitrinite Reflectance Measurements
Core
399-2400A-8400A-18400A-29400A-39400A-49401-5401-14402-1402-5402A-4402A-11402A-16402A-18A402A-18B402A-32403-3403-14403-26403-29403-35403-40404-17404-21404-22405-4405-10405-13405-17405-40405-42406-2406-13406-24406-32406-3940647
Mean Vitrinite Reflectance
Autochthonous
N.D.
0.32(5)
N.D.
N.D.0.33(19)0.30(2)0.34(4)0.37(9)0.34(19)
N.D.0.34(20)0.37(21)
N.D.N.D.
0.28(20)0.25(10)0.32(19)0.33(3)0.33(2)0.34(20)
N.D.
0.28(2)0.33(5)0.36(9)0.26(1)
N.D.0.37(19)0.32(2)
N.D.
Allochthonous
0.49(1)
0.57(1)0.59(2)0.58(2)
0.45(7)
0.59(2)0.46(4)
0.58(2)0.45(5)
0.86(6)
0.82(9)
0.89(3)
0.63(1)0.92(1)0.85(2)0.84(9)
0.81(1)0.60(1)0.86(2)0.80(7)
0.71(6)
0.77(1)0.71(1)
0.70(14)
0.82(1)
1.27(10)
1.38(1)
1.08(3)
1.20(5)
1.13(1)
1.02(1)1.06(1)
Note: Figures in parentheses are the number of separate deter-minations. N.D. = no determination possible.
on sterane and pentacyclane distributions. The results ofthese analyses are summarized in Tables 6 and 7.
The amount of soluble extract obtained from the variousfrozen composite shipboard samples was insufficient forstable carbon isotope determinations (Ö13CPDB-I) as well asfor the other analyses normally undertaken. However, in thecase of the larger samples subsequently made available fromthe IFP, sufficient extract was available for a comparison ofthe δ1 3C values of the TSE and sediment kerogen, withoutprecluding the other analyses. Extracts and kerogen concen-trates were therefore quantitatively combusted to carbondioxide and their 13C/12C ratios determined on a VG Micro-mass 602C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. Results ofthese measurements are given in Table 8.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL SUMMARIES
Bay of Biscay
Site 399: Only shallow Pleistocene calcareous oozeexamined. Low organic carbon content (~ 0.2 % wt.) Verylow maturity, indicated by visual kerogen studies. Evidence
for significant amounts of terrestrial plant debris as well asalgal matter. Highly immature n-alkane distribution.
Site 400: Deepest sample collected by shipboard geo-chemist in middle Eocene at —535 meters. Little au-tochthonous vitrinite evident in samples examined. Samplefrom Core 18 indicated low maturity with some evidence ofreworked vitrinite present. Pliocene Core 8 showed evi-dence of terrestrial debris as well as algal matter, all of verylow maturity. Very low organic carbon contents in highlycalcareous samples. Generally low TSE/TOC ratios and lowhydrocarbon contents, but«-alkanes had fairly low CPI val-ues.
Site 401: No indications of autochthonous vitrinite. Bothsamples highly calcareous with very low organic carboncontents; «-alkanes had quite low CPI values.
Site 402: Shipboard samples only extended to middleEocene, but were supplemented by IFP Lower Cretaceoussamples. Low reflectivity autochthonous vitrinite present innearly all samples indicating low maturity. Some evidenceof reworked organic matter. Middle Eocene sample showedevidence of terrestrial debris and low maturity by visualkerogen studies. Lower Cretaceous shales showed markedevidence of terrestrially derived components and increasedmaturity compared with shallower samples. Organic carboncontents were moderate to good but hydrocarbon contentswere low; n-alkanes still showed marked signs of immatur-ity. Sterane distribution patterns supported immature indica-tions as did the pentacyclane distributions, with 17/3Hhopane as a major component. Extract/kerogen δ1 3C valuessuggested a coaly-type component was present in significantquantities.
Rockall Plateau
Site 403: Low reflectivity autochthonous vitrinite inlower Eocene samples. Visual kerogen studies indicatedsome terrestrially derived components to be present. Colormeasurements suggested maturity fairly high, but stillbelow level for significant hydrocarbon generation. Organiccarbon contents all low to very low with generally lowSAC/TOC values; n-alkanes generally had CPI values>l.O. Sterane and pentacyclane distributions indicatedhigher maturity than Site 402 Cretaceous samples withthe pentacyclanes having 17αH hopane as the majorcomponent.
Site 404: Samples confined to lower Eocene mudstones.Low reflectivity autochthonous vitrinite suggested lowmaturity. Visual kerogen studies indicated significant con-tributions of terrestrial organic debris and maturity levelcomparable to Site 403. Organic carbon contents were verylow with low extracts and very low hydrocarbon contents.CPI values of n-alkanes supported maturity indications.
Site 405: Little evidence of autochthonous vitrinite.Low reflectivity of lower Eocene material indicated im-maturity. Visual kerogen studies again suggested significantcontribution of terrestrially derived detritus, with maturitycomparable to, or possibly slightly lower, than Sites 403and 404. Organic carbon contents all very low, but somehigh TSE/TOC values were present. Hydrocarbon contentswere generally quite low, butn-alkane CPI values supportedimmaturity, with a much more mature value in the deepestsample examined.
980
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 3Visual Kerogen Descriptions
Site Core
Site 399
Core 2
Hole 400ACore 8
Site 402
Core 1
Hole 402ACore 4
Core 18B
Core 11
Core 16
Core 18A
Core 32
Site 403
Core 29
Core 40
Site 404
Core 21
Core 22
Site 405
Core 40
Core 42
Site 406
Core 24
Miospores
Tra
ce/R
are
Co
mm
on
Fre
qu
ent
Ab
un
da
nt
1-2 3 4 5
•
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Barren
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
C
o
| j |
1-2 3 4 5
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
•
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
tid
sT
asm
an1 2 3
Rew
ork
ing
Φ
Φ
Vascular Plant Debris
Cuticles
1-2 3 4 5
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Bro
wn
"Wo
od
"
(lig
nit
e)
1-2 3 4 5
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
usa
in)
Bla
ck"W
oo
d'
(vit
rain
1-2 3 4 5
late
dF
inel
yD
isse
mir
1 - 2 3 4 5
lize
dS
apro
pe
1-2 34 5
Φ Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ Φ Φ
Φ Φ Φ
Φ Φ Φ
• Φ ?Φ
Am
orp
h
1-2 3 4 5
tio
nP
rese
rve
a l l
Φ Φ
Φ Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ Φ
Φ?
Color/Maturation
Th
resh
old
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
SourcePotential
—
'/GAS?GAS?GAS
?GAS
GASGAS
GASGAS
-
DepositionalEnvironment
tiat
edri
ne
Un
dif
fere
r
sn M
arin
e
ir-s
ho
re M
arin
e
tric
ted
Mar
ine
nm
arin
e
cno
wn
« O. <u α> o c
S O Z ai 2 D
Φ?
Φ
* '
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
Φ
•?
•?
•?
•?
Φ
Φ
Φ
Site 406: Autochthonous vitrinite reflectance valuessuggested some increase in maturity with depth, but allsamples examined were immature. Visual kerogen studieson middle Miocene siliceous chalks indicated some terres-trially derived components as well as significant amounts ofalgal matter. Maturity of middle Miocene samples appearedquite low. Organic carbon contents were very low with lowextracts and hydrocarbon contents. CPI values of n-alkanes
were > 1, but sterane/pentacyclane distributions were simi-lar to Site 403.
Generally, all samples displayed immaturity and kero-gens were dominantly gas prone. Eocene organic matter atSites 403, 404, 405, and 406 appeared mature, or possiblyin some components, more mature than organic matter inthe Lower Cretaceous shales/mudstones from Site 402.
981
T. DORAN ET AL.
TABLE 4Observed Core Lithology (major components) of Selected Samples
North Margin,Bay ofBiscay
West Margin,RockallPlateau
SouthernMargin,RockallPlateau
Hole
399
400A400A400A
400A
400A
401
401
402
402
402A
403403403403
403
403
404404
404
405
405405405
405
405
406406406406
406
406
Core
2
81829
39
49
5
14
1
5
4
3142629
35
40
1721
22
4
101317
40
42
2132432
39
47
Description of Hand Specimen
Mudstone, calcareous, soft, gray
Mudstone, calcareous, soft, light grayMudstone, calcareous, soft, gray-whiteLime mudstone, argillaceous, soft, chalky,
light gray-whiteLime mudstone, argillaceous, soft, chalky,
light gray-whiteLime mudstone, argillaceous, soft, chalky,
flaky, light gray-green to buff
Lime mudstone, slightly argillaceous, soft,chalky, light greenish white
Lime mudstone, slightly argillaceous, soft,chalky, light buff
Lime mudstone, argillaceous, soft, chalky,light gray
Lime mudstone, slightly argillaceous,soft, greenish white
Lime mudstone, slightly argillaceous, soft,greenish white
Mudstone, calcareous, gray, soft, chalkyLime mudstone, chalky, soft, whiteLime mudstone, chalky, soft, creamMudstone, gray, friable, slightly micaceous
and calcareousMudstone, gray-green friable, silty texture,
calcareousIn thin section, abundant devitrified
volcanic glass debrisMudstone, gray, calcareous
Mudstone, dark gray calcareousMudstone, dark gray, calcareous
Mudstone, mid gray, (calcareous),micaceous
Lime mudstone, buff, soft, chalky,fossiliferous, argillaceous
Lime mudstone, light buff brown, chalkyLime mudstone, buff, chalky, argillaceousMudstone, light gray, calcareous, chalky,
softShale, calcareous, hard, light gray green
with silicified bandsShale, light gray-green, calcareous, hard,
fissile (XRD42S) with burrows füledwith green swelling clay (XRD42G)
Clay, highly calcareous, light grayLime mudstone, white, chalky, compactLime mudstone, gray, soft, chalkyMudstone, calcareous, light gray, hard,
fissileMudstone, light gray, calcareous, micro-
fossiliferous with black clay-filledburrows and patches (SEM)
Shale, (47 Gy) mid gray, soft, goodfissility with thin black clay füledtrace fossil tracks. Patches of greenmudstone (47 Grn)
Abundant
Calcite, quartz
naCalciteCalcite
na
na
Calcite
Calcite
Calcite, quartz
na
Calcite
CalciteCalciteCalcitePlagioclase, quartz
Plagioclase, quartz
Plagioclase, quartz
naQuartz
na
Quartz, calcite
Calcitena
Calcite
Calcite
42S Calcite
42G Montmorillonite(?nontronite)
CalciteCalciteCalciteCalcite
(47 GY) Calcite
(47GRN) Plagioclase
<-Ray Diffraction Results
Present
Mite, kaolinite
na--
na
na
Quartz, illite
Quartz, illite
Illite, kaolinite
na
Quartz, illite
Quartz, illite--
Illite/montmorillonite(M.L.) and heulanditeIllite/montmorillonite(M.L.) and heulandite
Illite/montmorillonite(M.L.) and heulandite
naIllite/montmorillonite(M.L.) Plagioclase
na
Illite, Plagioclase
Plagioclasena
Montmorillonite
Plagioclase, mont-morillonitePlagioclase, mont-morillonite
-
Plagioclase, illite---
Montmorillonite/illite
Montmorillonite/illite
Trace
Dolomite
naQuartz, illite
-
na
na
-
Kaolinite, dolomite
Chlorite, dolomite
na
-
Kaolinite---
Calcite
Calcite
naKaolinite,heulandite
na
Kaolinite
Heulanditena
Plagioclase
-
-
Kaolinite---
_
Note: na: not analyzed.
982
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 5Organic Carbon and Soluble Extract Data
Core
399-2400A-8400A-18400A-29400A-39400A-49401-5401-14402-1402-5402A-4402A-11402A-16402A-18A402A-18B402A-32403-3403-14403-26403-29403-35403-40404-17404-21404-22405-4405-10405-13405-17405-40405-42406-2406-13406-24406-32406-39406-47
HC1 Solu-bles (% wt.)
59.358.771.386.661.921.458.256.033.762.745.134.824.993.329.922.058.297.485.516.138.424.123.619.217.551.047.542.430.020.635.231.388.567.679.575.430.5
TOC(% wt.)
0.2240.2440.0950.0460.0840.0630.0620.0550.4310.1310.1480.7001.210.0091.351.230.1290.0220.0280.3940.0680.3420.0920.1050.2390.0740.0420.0920.1540.1590.2070.1170.0510.2140.0330.0590.090
TSE(% wt.)
0.01090.00330.00130.00190.00260.00170.00190.00170.00360.00230.00040.00270.00530.00200.00520.00650.00170.00210.00240.00160.00120.00300.00100.00110.00120.00250.00450.00560.00160.00110.00200.00560.00100.00290.00050.00040.0006
TSE/TOC (%o)
4914144231273130
818
344
22245
1394874
179
1010
534
1086010
79
4820141412
7
n +p(% wt.)
16.816.515.714.317.8030.920.213.823.3
8.610.71
5.710.2
6.36.84.4
11.835.116.112.89.65.8
10.45.17.2
26.45.6
14.423.0
3.42.6
35.010.411.314.3
8.39.3
SAC/TOC (%°
82266864220.80.20.4
140.30.21.5
3314
0.51.70.51.00.50.49692.30.20.2
172.11.62.01.00.7
) CPI
2.451.221.241.081.301.131.111.132.341.121.271.261.650.971.791.901.771.181.151.891.431.261.111.461.521.761.151.181.321.131.081.361.271.231.191.201.29
Pr/Ph
0.890.190.430.400.520.600.430.471.190.590.341.051.551.091.701.540.410.770.780.360.370.290.480.380.660.390.480.490.570.540.720.850.630.520.320.470.50
31 29
Figure 1. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Site 399, Core 2.
983
29 2827
31
33 32
41 40 39 SSSlliL
30
26
100 80 60 40MINUTES
Figure 2. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Hole 400A, Core 49.
27 26 2529 28
31
33 32
41 40 39 3837 36
35 34
30
U/J
24
23
22 21 2 0
19
< 18 LU
80 60 40MINUTES
Figure 3. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Site 401, Core 5.
27
29 28
31
33 32
38 37 3635 34
30
26 25
24
23 22 21 20 19
20
20
17
100 80 60 40MINUTES
20
Figure 4. Gas chromatogram o/n + p fraction, Site 402, Core 5.
28
30
32
40 39 38 37 "» 35
3436 oR I 33
31
29
26
2725 2,4 23 22 21 20 19 < <
17
100 80 60 40MINUTES
Figure 5. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Site 403, Core 29.
20
984
T. DORAN ET AL.
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
80 60 40 20
MINUTES
Figure 6. Gas chromatogram o /n + p fraction, Site 404, Core 21.
29
MINUTES
Figure 7. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Site 405, Core 42.
36
MINUTES
Figure 8. Gas chromatogram ofn + p fraction, Site 406, Core 47.
985
T. DORAN ET AL.
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
50-
Core 399-2
C P I 2.45
100π
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 400A-8C P I 1.22
- M - -U100η
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core400A-18CP I 1.24
100-1
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 400A-29
CP I 1.08
"i 1 r12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 9. Distribution profiles of n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 399-2, 400A-8, 400A-18,and 400A-29.
rt-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS100-,
Core 400A-39C P I 1.30
+-L+12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 400A-49C P I 1.13
—i 1 1 —12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 401-5C P I 1.11
—•—I—•—1—•—(
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 401-14CP I 1.13
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36CARBON NUMBER
Figure 10. Distribution profiles of n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 400A-39, 400A-49, 401-5,and 401-14.
986
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
n-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS100-,
50i
Core 402-1C P I 2.34
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 402-5CP I 1.12
-U100-,
50
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 402A-4
CP I 1.27
100-,
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 402A-11
CP I 1.26
4-J-r-12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 11. Distribution profiles of n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 402-1, 402-5, 402A-4,402A-11.
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
a- 50 πLU>
Core402A-16
CP I 1.65
100-,
5 0 -
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core402A-18A
C P I 0.97
I I I
100-,
50-
Core402A-18BCP I 1.79
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 402A-32
CP I 1.90
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36CARBON NUMBER
Figure 12. Distribution profiles of n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 402A-16, 402A-18A,402A-18B, and 402A-32.
987
T. DORAN ET AL.
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
100-,π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
Core 403-3
CP I 1.77
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 403-14
CP I 1.18
-M-12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 403-26
CPI 1.15
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Core 403-29
C P I 1.89
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36CARBON NUMBER
Figure 13. Distribution profiles for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 403-13, 403-14, 403-26,and 403-29.
1 0 0 π
50-
Core 403-35
CP I 1.43
5 0 -
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 403-40
C P I 1.26
100-,
50-
—•—I—"―r—12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 404-17
CP I 1.11
100-,
5 0 -
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 404-21
C P I 1.46
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 14. Distribution profiles for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 403-35, 403-40, 404-17,404-21.
988
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
100 π
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
5 0 -
Core 404-22
CP I 1.52
α+±100-,
50-
"i2 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 405-4
CP I 1.76
100-1
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 405-10
CPI 1.15
1 0 0 η
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 405-13
CP I 1.18
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 15. Distribution profiles for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 404-32, 405-4, 405-10,405-13.
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS100-π
50-
Core 405-17
C P I 1.32
100-,
50-
14 I^ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 405-40
CP I 1.13
100-,
50-
~\2 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 405-42
C P I 1.08
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 406-2
C P I 1.36
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 16. Distribution profiles for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 405-17, 405-40, 405-42,and 406-2.
989
T. DORAN ET AL.
100-,n-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS
50-
Core 406-13
CP I 1.27
-M-f-
100-1
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 406-24
CP I 1.23
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 406-32
CP I 1.19
100-,
50-
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Core 406-39
CP I 1.20
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 17. Distribution profiles for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatograms for Cores 406-13, 406-24, 406-32,and 406-39.
π-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS100
5 0 -
Core 406-47
C P I 1.29
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CARBON NUMBER
Figure 18. Distribution profile for n-alkanes derived fromgas chromatogram for Core 406-47.
990
BASIC ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 6Relative Distributions of 5α Type Steranes in Selected Samples From Leg 48
RelativeCarbon Sterane
No.a Designation
Core
402A-16 402A-32 402A-18B 402-1 403-35 403-14 406-32
20.8
21.1
21.6
21.7
22.6
23.6
24.0
24.4
24.75
24.9
26.0
26.3
26.6
26.75
26.8
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.65
27.8
28
28.25
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.9
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.8
30.65
30.8
31.1
31.6
Sssss
sssss
ss
sssssssssssssssssssssss
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
43
19
61
26
56
27.5
24
33
17
10
100
18
16
36
21
18
30
39
36
55
24
56
32
54
42.5
31
17
49
40
100
32
20
17
21
32
29
46
43
21
60
37
52
32
22
16
51
62
74
36
21
26
13
65
38
6
13
21
29
35
48
29
28
42
19
32
18
51
35
100
30
22
40
18
90
15
14
40
33
36
35
76
34
62
62
65
29
32
41
18
82
76
100
20
58
52
23
23
49
100
48
58
72
64
45
40
35
68
88
74
99
20
20
37
21
15
12
14
40
13
24
98
81
40
61
57
46
100
45
45
58
83
79
47
40
46
52
59
63
74
63
50
19
36
31
30
70
61
51
77
41
68
43
37
50
50
59
62
100
Values in relation to normal alkane eluting on 20-meter OV1 Jaeggi column; temperature programmed80 to 260 at 4°C/min, 12 psi He.
991
T. DORAN ET AL.
TABLE 7Relative Distributions of Pentacyclic Triterpanes From Selected Samples From Leg 48
RelativeCarbon
No. a
27.0027.2127.3927.4327.7628.1129.1129.2029.6930.0530.2130.3430.4331.0531.1931.4031.5331.9031.2032.4632.6332.8733.1733.58
Tentative Identification
C~η Mono unsaturated triterpeneUnknownUnknownUnknown17-α H-Trisnorhopane17-/3 H-TrisnorhopaneC~Q Mono unsaturated triterpene17-α H-Norhopane30-Normoretine17-α H-HopaneMono unsaturated triterpene17-/3 H-NorhopaneC2Q Saturated triterpaneC_22 Diastereoisomer of 17-α H-homohopaneC22 Diastereoisomer of 17-α H-homohopane17-/3 H-HopaneHomomoretaneC22 Diastereoisomer of 17-α homohopane17-α H-BishomohopaneUnknown17-/3 HomohopaneC22 Diastereoisomer of 17-α H-trishomohopaneC22 Diastereoisomer of 17-α H-trishomohopane17-jß H-Bishomohopane
402A-16
26
113855262435275422
672
10012
68
15
402A-32
23
93456
1521273816
45100
53
10
402A-18B
21
144541112635196415
807815
100
15
Core
402-1
1227
824174110311118
10047
9
83
403-35
20202625
7332
100
19223374372826
30402835
403-14
24
279
7216
100
153123
1112
77
406-32
919
193320
7826
100
1624336237122321
521412
aValues in relation to normal alkane eluting on 20-meter OVl Jaeggi column temperature programmed 80 to 260 at 4°C/min, 12 psi He.
TABLE 8Stable Carbon Isotope Values of Kerogens and Extracts
From Hole 402A, Leg 48
IFP Sample No.
2416824169241712417224176
Core
1811161832
Section
1-41
1-21-2
2,3,6
δ 1 3 %o of TotalSoluble Extract
-28.1-27.1-27.6-26.1-26.4
δ 1 3 C % o ofKerogen
-22.9-23.4-23.7-24.0-22.7
992