50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar

wigni 1

gamomcemloba palitra L

Tbilisi, 2010

UDC (uak) 821.133.1-31b-20

`50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar~

es proeqti msoflios araerT qveyanaSia popularuli.

sxvadasxva gamokiTxvis saSualebiT, mkiTxveli irCevs

50 saukeTeso wigns msoflio literaturis saganZuridan.

saqarTveloSi `kviris palitris~ am proeqts mravali aTa-

si adamiani gamoexmaura. swored maTi dadgenilia im rCeuli

wignebis nusxa, romelic `palitramediam~ realur bibli-

oTekad aqcia.

es wigni msoflio literaturis am unikaluri bibli-

oTekis nawilia.

© gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010

yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia.

ISSN 1987-9628

ISBN 978-9941-422-52-2

3

Sagrenis tyavigeronti qiqoZis Targmani

onore de balzaki

5

baton savaris,

mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrs

Tavi pirveli

Tilisma

1829 wlis oqtombris miwuruls erTi axalgazrda kaci

pale roialSi Sevida swored im dros, roca samorineebi

iReba, Tanaxmad kanonisa, romelic mfarvelobs am arsebiTad

dasabegrav adamianur gatacebas. man TiTqmis uyoymanod aiara

im samorines kibe, romelic 36 nomriT iyo aRniSnuli.

_ batono, Tqveni qudi miboZeT, _ dauZaxa mas mkvaxe xmiT Cia,

fermkrTalma berikacma, romelic ijda moajiris iqiT, bnel

kuTxeSi, da uceb wamodga, raTa Tavisi ujiSo saxe gamoeCina.

roca samorineSi SedixarT, kanoni, uwinares yovlisa,

quds garTmevT. ra aris es? saxarebisa da gangebis igavi? Tu

es saSualebaa jojoxeTuri xelSekrulebis dadebisa, romel-

ic Tqvengan erTgvar sawindars moiTxovs? an, SeiZleba, qudi

imisaTvis unda moixadoT, rom mokrZalebiT moepyroT imaT,

vinc fuls mogigebT? an, SeiZleba, policias, romelic

sazogadoebis yvela xvrelSi Zvreba, surs Tqveni mequdis an

sakuTriv Tqveni saxeli gaigos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven igi

waawereT sarCulze? dabolos, isic SeiZleba, rom es Tqveni

Tavis qalis gasazomad xdebodes, raTa sagulisxmo statis-

tika Seadginon moTamaSeTa niWsa da tvinis moculobaze. am

saganze samorineTa gamgeoba sruliad dums. magram icodeT _

sakmarisia erTi nabiji gadadgaT mwvane maudisaken da araTu

Tqveni qudi, Tqveni Tavic aRar gekuTvniT: Tqven mTlianad

TamaSSi xarT gadavardnili Tqveni qonebiT, TavsaburaviT,

joxiTa da wamosasxamiT. gareT gamosvlis win TamaSi erTgvari

moqmedi mkacri epigramis SemweobiT giCvenebT, Tu kidev rames

gitovebT Tqveni avladidebidan. esecaa, rom, Tu Tqven axali

6

Tavsaburavi gaqvT, iafi dagijdebaT imis gageba, rom moTamaSis

Sesaferi tanisamosi unda SeiZinoT.

roca axalgazrda kacma Tavisi, cota ar iyos, gacrecili

qudis magivrad nomeri miiRo, saxeze gakvirveba gamoexata,

rac mis miamitobas mowmobda; xolo Cia berikacma, romel-

sac, ueWvelia, axalgazrdobidanve guli gahqvaveboda moTama-

SeTa mRelvare cxovrebis cqeriT, mas mqrqali da usicocxlo

TvaliT Sexeda. am SexedvaSi filosofosi saavadmyofos sidux-

Wiresac dainaxavda, gaZarculi adamianis xetialsac, oqmeb-

sac TavismkvlelTa Sesaxeb, samudamo katorRaSi gagzavnil-

Ta muSaobasac, gvazakoalxoze1 gadasaxlebasac. es mogrZo

TeTrsaxiani berikaci, romelic, rogorc etyoboda, mxolod

darses* Jelatinis wveniT ikvebeboda, uaRresad gamartive-

buli vnebaTaRelvis mkrTal gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda.

mis naoWebSi warsul tanjvaTa kvali darCeniliyo. etyoboda,

Tavis jamagirs miRebis dResve mwvane magidaze debda. TiTqos

maTraxs SeCveuli jaglagi cxeni yofiliyos, mas aRaraferi

aRelvebda: igi yovelTvis gulgrilad xvdeboda wagebulTa

yru kvnesas, maT usityvo wyevla-krulvas, maT uazro Semoxed-

vas. igi TviT xorcSesxmuli TamaSi iyo. axalgazrda kacs rom

kargad SeeTvalierebina es beCavi cerberi, SeiZleba TavisTvis

Caelaparaka, mas gulSi araferi aqvs, garda erTi dasta saTa-

maSo qaRaldisao. magram ucnobma yuri ar daugdo cocxal

rCeva-darigebas, romelic, ueWvelia, gangebas daeyenebina aq,

rogorc gulisrevasa da zizRs ayenebs yoveli cudi adgi-

lis SesasvlelSi. ucnobi uyoymanod Sevida darbazSi, sadac

oqros wkriali ndomiT acaxcaxebul gonebaze damaTrobel

da momxiblav gavlenas axdenda. albaT, am axalgazrda kacs

win ubiZgebda Jan-Jak rusos erTi umWevrmetyvelesi frazis

logika, romlis sevdiani azri, mgonia, aseTi unda iyos: diax,

1 gvazakoalxo _ meqsikis mdinare, romlis xeobaSi safrangeTis mTavroba

samefo xelisuflebis aRdgenis Semdeg asaxlebda damnaSaveebs.

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me mesmis, rom kaci saTamaSod midiodes, magram es mxolod im

dros unda moxdes, roca Tavis Tavsa da sikvdils Soris igi

arafers xedavs, garda Tavisi ukanaskneli xuTfrankianisa.

saRamoTi samorineebis poezia, cota ar iyos, mdare xarisx-

isaa, magram misi gavlena uzrunvelyofilia iseve, rogorc

uzrunvelyofilia gavlena sisxliani dramisa. darbazebi sav-

sea mayureblebiTa da moTamaSeebiT, beCavi berikacebiT, romel-

nic aq gasarTobad mosulan, aRelvebuli saxeebiT, orgiebiT,

romelnic RvinoSi dawyebulan da mzad arian, senaSi damTa-

vrdnen. marTalia, aq vnebaTaRelva boboqrobs, magram msax-

iobTa simravle xels giSliT pirispir SexedoT TamaSis de-

mons. es saRamo namdvili ansamblia, sadac mTeli dasi yviris,

sadac orkestris yoveli sakravi Tavis hangs ukravs. Tqven iq

SexvdebiT mraval pativsacem adamians, romelnic gasarTobad

mosulan da amisaTvis fuls ixdian, rogorc gadaixdidnen

Teatris warmodgenisTvis an piris gemos dasakmayofileblad,

an mansardaSi avidodnen, raTa iq iafad eyidaT siyvaruli da

mwveli sinanuli, samiode Tvis sagzali. magram gesmiT Tu ara,

ra caxcaxiTa da vaJkacuri simtkiciT unda iyos gamsWvaluli

adamianis suli, romelic mouTmenlad elis samorinis gaRe-

bas? dilis moTamaSesa da saRamos moTamaSes Soris iseTive

gansxvavebaa, rogoric daudevar qmarsa da sayvarels Soris,

romelic ibnideba Tavisi mzeTunaxavis fanjris qveS. mxolod

diliT mJRavndeba mTrTolare vnebaTaRelva da SemaZrwune-

blad gaSiSvlebuli gaWirveba. am dros SegiZliaT namdvili

moTamaSis cqeriT datkbeT. mas ar uWamia, ar uZinia, ar ucx-

ovria, ar ufiqria, imdenad mwvaved amaTraxebda wageb-mogebis

ormagi Rvedi, imdenad mtanjveli iyo TamaSis qavili. rodis

gamova, bolos da bolos, `trant e karant?~1 am dawyevlil

saaTSi Tqven SexvdebiT Tvalebs, romelTa simSvide SegaZr-

1trant e karant _ (fr.) `ocdaaTi da ormoci~, banqos TamaSis erT-erTi

saxeoba.

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wunebT, saxeebs, romelnic mogajadoeben, gamoxedvas, romel-

ic saTamaSo qaRalds krefs da nTqavs.

erTi sityviT, samorineebi mxolod seansis dasawyisSia dide-

buli. Tu espaneTSi xarebis brZola imarTeba, Tu roms gladi-

atorebi hyavda, parizi samarTlianad Tavisi pale roialiT

amayobs, misi gamaRizianebeli Carxi SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs

sisxlis Rvris suraTiT davtkbeT ise, rom fexi ar dagvisxl-

tes gasisxlianebul parterSi. SediT da scadeT Tvali gadaav-

loT am asparezs... ra sititvlea! kedlebi adamianis simaRleze

gaWuWyianebuli qaRaldiTaa dafaruli, zed arc erTi suraTi ar

Cans iseTi, rom Tvalma wyali dalios. lursmanic ki arsad ar-

Wvia, rom TviTmkvlelobas xeli Seuwyos. iataki gafuWebuli da

usufTaoa. darbazis Suaguli mogrZo magidas uWiravs, misi mwvane

maudi oqro-vercxls gaucrecia. garSemo imdenad ubralo selis

skamebia Camwkrivebuli, rom mnaxveli gakvirvebiT ifiqrebs _ ra

gulgrilni unda iyvnen komfortisadmi es adamianebi, romelnic

aq Tavs iRupaven swored komfortis da simdidris gulisTviso.

es adamianuri winaaRmdegoba Tavs iCens yvelgan, sadac suli

Zalovnad moqmedebs Tavis Tavze. Seyvarebuls surs Tavisi

satrfo abreSumebSi gaaxvios, rbili aRmosavluri qsovilis

naoWebiT dafaros da, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mis sxeuls WuWyian

loginze eufleba. pativmoyvare kaci xelisuflebis mwver-

valze asvlas ocnebobs da mliqvnelobis talaxSi daxoxavs.

vaWari nestiani da usinaTlo duqnis kuTxeSia mikrunCxuli,

raTa farTo palati aagos, saidanac mis Svils, mis nakle-

bad Wkuadamjdar memkvidres, RviZli Zma gandevnis auqcionis

SemweobiT. bolos, arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaze raime ufro ar-

asasiamovno, vidre siamovnebaTa saxlebia? es ucnauri amoca-

naa! adamiani mudam Tavis Tavs ewinaaRmdegeba, igi Tavis imedebs

atyuebs Tavisi axlandeli ubedurebiT, xolo Tavis ubedure-

bas _ momavliT, romelic mas ar ekuTvnis, da yovel Tavis

moqmedebas meryeobisa da sisustis niSans aWdobs. am qveyanaze

araferia srulyofili, garda ubedurebisa.

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roca axalgazrda kaci darbazSi Sevida, iq ukve ramdenime

moTamaSe imyofeboda. sami meloti berikaci udardelad ujda

mwvanemaudian magidas; maTi saxeebi TiTqos TabaSiridan iyo

Camosxmuli. diplomatebis saxeebis msgavsad, gamoxatavdnen

ugrZnoblobas, magram, amasTanave _ nayrovan sulsa da TrTo-

las gadaCveul guls, romelic maSinac ki ar aZgerdeba, roca

bedis sasworze colis xeluxlebeli mziTevia dadebuli. ax-

algazrda SavTmiani da muqmwvanekaniani italieli wynarad

dayrdnoboda magidis erT kuTxes da TiTqos yurs ugdebda

farul winaTgrZnobas, romelic bediswerasaviT CasCurCulebs

moTamaSes: _ ho, _ ara! es samxreTeli Tavi oqrosa da cecx-

ls afrqvevda. Svidi Tu rva mayurebeli fexze idga, rogorc

Teatris baqanze, da im scenebs eloda, romelTac maT bedis

Carxis triali, msaxiobebis saxeebi, fulis da pawia focxe-

bis moZraoba umzadebda. es usaqmo adamianebi aq usityvod,

umoZraod idgnen da iseve yuradRebiT Sescqerodnen mwvane

mauds, rogorc parizelebi ucqerian grevis moedans, roca

iq jalaTi damnaSaves Tavs hkveTs. maRal, xmel mamakacs, gax-

unebul tanisamosSi gamowyobils, erT xelSi reestri eWira,

xolo meoreSi _ qinZisTavi, raTa aReniSna ramdenjer wiTeli

gamovida da ramdenjer _ Savi. es iyo erTi Tanamedrove tan-

talosTagani,1 romelic TiTqos Tavisi saukunis siamovneba-

Ta gareSe cxovrobs, erTi ganZarculi ZunwTagani, romelic

fuls Tavis fantaziaSi igebs da agebs. bankis damsmelis pir-

dapir ori Tu sami gamobrZmedili moTamaSe ijda, Zveli ka-

torRelebis msgavsi, romelTac veraviTari sasjeli veRar

SeaSinebs; isini aq mosuliyvnen, raTa riski zomierad gaewiaT

da pirveli mogebisTanave amdgariyvnen, radgan mxolod amiT

cxovrobdnen. ori xnieri msaxuri udardelad daseirnobda

gulxeldakrefili; isini drogamoSvebiT fanjaraSi icqire-

1 tantalosi _ berZnuli miTis mixedviT, zevsma tantaloss aseTi sasjeli ga-

nuCina: mSier-mwyurvals win udgas sasmel-saWmeli, magram vera da ver miswvdenia.

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bodnen, TiTqos imisaTvis, rom gamvlel-gamomvlelTaTvis Ta-

vianTi brtyeli saxeebi eCvenebinaT plakatis magivrad.

is iyo, qaRaldis damrigebelma da bankirma moTamaSeebs

mqrqali da momakvdinebeli Tvalebi miapyres da mkveTri xmiT

dauZaxes, ganagrZeT TamaSio, da axalgazrda kacma kari SeaRo.

dumili TiTqos kidev ufro gaRrmavda da darbazSi myofTa

Tavebi cnobismoyvareobis gamo axalmosulisken mobrunda.

saocari ram moxda! garindebulma berikacebma, gulqva

msaxurebma, mayureblebma, TviT fanatikosma italielma, raR-

ac SeZrwuneba igrZnes ucnobis danaxvaze. adamiani metismetad

ubeduri unda iyos, raTa Sebraleba gamoiwvios, an metis-

metad susti, raTa TanagrZnoba gaaRviZos, an metismetad pir-

quSi, raTa sulni SeaSfoTos, gansakuTrebiT aseT darbazSi,

sadac mwuxareba usityvo unda iyos, ubedureba _ mxiaruli,

sasowarkveTileba _ wesieri. hoda, yovelive es Tavmoyrili

iyo im axal SegrZnebaSi, romelmac gayinuli gulebi gaalxo

axalgazrda ucnobis SesvlisTanave. magram gana, xandaxan

jalaTebs ar utiriaT qalwulTa danaxvaze, romelTa qera

Tavebi giliotinis qveS unda dayriliyo?

pirveli SexedvisTanave moTamaSeebma raRac saSineli saidum-

loeba amoikiTxes axalmosulis saxeze; misi axalgazrda saxis

nakvTebs raRac momxiblavi nisli exvia, misi gamoxedva mravali

imedis gamtyunebas, mraval amao cdas mowmobda! TviTmkvlelis

pirquSi gulgriloba mis Subls avadmyofur elfers aZlev-

da, mware Rimili naoWebs qmnida misi piris kuTxeebSi, xolo

saxe iseT morCilebas gamoxatavda, rom mis Sexedvaze adamians

guli etkineboda. raRac faruli genia ciagebda am danislu-

li Tvalebis siRrmeSi, romelnic, SeiZleba, siamovnebaTa si-

WarbiT iyvnen daqanculi. SeiZleba, Rreobam Tavisi WuWyiani

daRi daaWdo am keTilSobil saxes, erT dros umwikvlosa

da anTebuls, axla ki esoden moTenTils? ueWvelia, eqimebi

gulis manks an filtvebis sisustes miawerdnen Tvalis quTu-

Toebze Semovlebul moyviTalo wreebsa da loyebis siwiTles,

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poetebi ki am niSnebSi mecnieruli Sromis mier moxdenil

ganadgurebas, sanaTurTan gatarebuli Rameebis kvals dain-

axavdnen. magram vnebaTaRelvas ufro momakvdinebels, vidre

avadmyofobaa, avadmyofobas ufro ulmobels, vidre swavla

da geniaa, Seecvala es axalgazrda Tavi, SeekumSa es cocxali

kunTebi, daeqanca es guli, romelsac mxolod odnav Sexebod-

nen Rreoba, mecnieruli Sroma da avadmyofoba. iseve rogorc

katorRelebi xvdebian mokrZalebiT saxelovan damnaSaves, es

adamianuri saxis mqone demonebic, gamobrZmedilebi tanjva-

wvalebaSi, miesalmnen auwerel mwu xarebas, Rrma Wrilobas,

romelic maTma Tvalebma gazoma, da am ucnobSi erT-erTi Ta-

vianTi mTavari icnes misi didebuli usityvo ironiisa da misi

moxdenili, Raribuli tanisamosis mixedviT. axalgazrda kacs

kargad Sekerili fraki ecva, magram misi Jileti da yelsaxvevi

ise moxerxebulad iyo SeerTebuli, rom Zneli safiqrebelia,

mas perangic scmoda. misi xelebi iseTi mSvenieri iyo, TiTqos

qalisa yofiliyos, magram sisufTave aklda; ukve mesame dRea

xelTaTmani ar hqonia! Tu TviT qaRaldis damrigebeli da msax-

urebi SekrTnen, es imitom, rom mis saTuT da naz agebulebaSi,

mis qera, Txel, bunebrivad daxuWuWebul TmaSi momxiblavi uza-

kveloba gamokrToda. igi ocdaxuTi wlisa iqneboda da biwi-

ereba misTvis SemTxveviTi movlena iyo. axalayvavebuli axal-

gazrda cxovreba aq jer kidev ebrZoda gamanadgurebel, magram

uZlur gulisTqmas. aq sinaTle da sibnele, aryofna da arse-

boba erTmaneTs Sestakeboda, raTa erTdroulad momxiblaoba

da saSineleba warmoeSva. axalgazrda kaci aq wardga, rogorc

uSaravandedo angelozi, romelsac TiTqos gza ahbneoda. da

ai, codvisa da biwierebis yvela es damsaxurebuli ostati, im

ukbilo dedabris msgavsad, romelic sibraluliT imsWvaleba

garyvnilebis gzaze Semdgari mSvenieri qaliSvilisadmi, mzad

iyo daeZaxa axalmosulisaTvis: `wadiT aqedan!~

axalgazrda pirdapir magidasTan mivida, SeCerda da maudze

oqros fuli daagdo, romelic Savisaken gagorda; Semdeg,

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rogorc Zlieri sulis adamians Seefereba, yovelgvari yoyman-

is gareSe, qaRaldis damrigebels gamgmiravi da wynari Tvalebi

miapyro. am svlam iseTi interesi gamoiwvia, rom berikacebma

araferi dasves; magram italieli vnebiani fanatizmiT CaeW-

ida axal ideas, romelmac mas gauRima, da mTeli Tavisi oqros

xvavi ucnobis sawinaaRmdegod dasva. bankirs daaviwyda eTqva

es fraza, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi xrinwian da gaugebar

Zaxilad gadaiqca: `dasviT! _ ukve dasmulia! _ gaTavda~. dam-

rigebelma qaRaldi gaSala da, Tumca igi gulgrilad ucqero-

da wageb-mogebas, TiTqos gamarjveba usurva axalmosuls. yo-

vel damswres surda am oqros fulis bedSi keTilSobiluri

cxovrebis drama da ukanaskneli scena daenaxa; maTi gabrwyineb-

uli Tvalebi misnur qaRaldebs dascqerodnen; magram verc iq,

verc ymawvilis ugrZnob da morCil saxeze veraferi amoikiTxes.

_ wiTeli, wyvili, pas, _ Tqva oficialuri toniT dam-

rigebelma.

italiels mkerdidan erTgvari yru xriali aRmoxda, roca

bankirma erTimeoris miyolebiT ramdenime dakecili qaRaldis

fuli gadmougdo. ucnobma axalgazrdam ki Tavisi daRupva

mxolod maSin gaigo, roca pawia focxi gamoiwia, raTa misi

ukanaskneli oqro daeTria. igi spilos Zvals moxvda, dai-

wkriala da SurduliviT Cqara SeuerTda bankSi daxvavebul

oqros. ucnobma wynarad daxuWa Tvalebi, tuCebi gaufiTrda;

magram maSinve Tvalebi gaaxila, tuCebi marjnisferi gauxda.

man miiRo ingliselis saxe, romlisTvisac araviTari said-

umloeba ar arsebobs, da wavida ise, rom nugeSi aravisTvis

uTxovia im gulis momkvleli TvalebiT, romlebsac moTama-

Seebi xSirad miapyroben xolme mayureblebs. ramdeni ambavi

xdeba erT wuTSi, ra didi Zala aqvs erTi kamaTlis gagorebas!

_ es ueWvelad misi ukanaskneli tyvia iyo, _ Tqva RimiliT

krupiem erTi wuTis dumilis Semdeg, romlis ganmavlobaSi

mas oqro cersa da salok TiTebs Sua eWira, raTa damswre-

TaTvis eCvenebina.

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_ igi ganwirulia, wyalSi gadavardeba, _ upasuxa erTma

stumarma da gadaxeda moTamaSeebs, romlebic, TiTqmis ukle-

bliv, erTmaneTs icnobdnen.

_ vah! _ wamoiZaxa erTma msaxurma da Tambaqo amoiRo.

_ netav, am batonisaTvis migvebaZa, _ Tqva erTma berikacma

da Tavis amxanagebs italielze aniSna.

yvelam bednier moTamaSes Sexeda, igi mTrTolare xelebiT

Tvlida qaRaldis fuls.

_ me momesma xma, romelic yurSi CamZaxoda: moigeb, Tu am

ymawvilis sasowarkveTilebis winaaRmdeg dasvamo, _ Tqva man.

_ igi ar unda iyos moTamaSe, _ dasZina bankirma, _ winaaRm-

deg SemTxvevaSi, samad gaanawilebda Tavis fuls, raTa mogebis

meti Sansi hqonoda.

ymawvili uqudod apirebda gareT gasvlas, magram beberma

mekarem SeamCnia am Tavsaburavis beCavi mdgomareoba da usi-

tyvod gadasca patrons; am ukanasknelmac, Tavis mxriv, meqan-

ikurad daabruna nomeri da kibeze daeSva; Di tanti palpiti-s1

ustvenda ise, rom Tavad Zlivs esmoda saucxoo melodia.

igi male pale roialis TaRebqveS aRmoCnda, sent-onores

quCamde mivida, tiulierisken Seuxvia da gaubedavi nabijiT

baRi gadaWra. TiTqos udabnoSi midioda, ver xedavda adami-

anebs, romelnic xvdebodnen an ejaxebodnen. quCis xmaurSi

mxolod erTi xma esmoda, sikvdilis xma; bolos igi savsebiT

gamaognebel fiqrSi Caeflo, rogorc eflobodnen damnaSavee-

bi, romelnic sabargo etls marTlmsajulebis palatidan

grevis moednisaken mihyavda, eSafotisaken, romelic wiTlad

SeRebiliyo 1793 wlis Semdeg daRvrili sisxlis wyalobiT2.

aris raRac didi da SemaZrwunebeli TviTmkvlelobaSi.

1Di tanti palpiti (ital.) _ aria italieli kompozitoris, rosinis, operidan

`tankredi~: `rogor Zgers guli!~ 2 igulisxmeba safrangeTis revoluciis dros gamefebuli sastiki terori,

romlis sulisCamdgmelni iakobinelebi iyvnen.

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bevria iseTi adamiani, romlis Zirs Camovardna araa saxifaTo,

rogorc bavSvisa, romelic iseTi simaRlidan vardeba, rom

ar Savdeba; magram didi adamianis daSavebisaTvis saWiroa, igi

didi simaRlidan gadmovardes, zecamde iyos asuli, raRac

miuwvdomeli samoTxe hqondes danaxuli. Seubralebeli unda

iyos qariSxali, romelic adamians aiZulebs sulieri simSvide

dambaCis lulas sTxovos. ramdeni axalgazrda niWi Wkneba da

iRupeba mansardebSi megobris, nugeSismcemeli qalis uyolo-

bis gamo, milionobiT adamians Soris, oqroTi daRlili da

mowyenili brbos Tvalwin! RmerTma icis, TviTmkvlelobasa da

ayvavebul imedebs Soris, romelTa xma axalgazrda kacs par-

izisken mouwodebda, ramdeni ganzraxva, ramdeni daumTavre-

beli poeturi nawarmoebi, ramdeni sasowarkveTileba da dax-

Suli Zaxili, ramdeni unayofo cda da udReuri Sedevri iyo.

yoveli TviTmkvleloba melanqoliis amaRlebuli poemaa. sad

naxavT, rom literaturis okeaneSi iseTi wigni amotivtivdes,

romelic genialobiT Seedreba aseT sagazeTo SeniSvnas:

`guSin, oTx saaTze, axalgazrda qali senaSi gadavarda

xelovnebaTa xididan~.

aseTi parizuli lakonizmis winaSe iCrdileba yovelive, drame-

bic, romanebic, TviT am Zveleburi wignis saTauric: `moTqma

saxelovani kaernavaneli mefisa, romelic misma Svilebma sat-

usaRoSi Caagdes~. esaa dakarguli wignis ukanaskneli kari. misma

wakiTxvam bevri atira sterni*, romelmac col-Svili miatova.

ucnobs aTasi amgvari azri mosdioda TavSi. es azrebi dafleTil

droSebs hgavdnen, romelnic brZolis velze frialeben. Tu igi

erTi wuTiT Tavisi azrebisa da mogonebebis tvirTs ixsnida,

raTa Seexeda yvavilebisaTvis, romelTac mwvane xaverdze neli

qari arwevda, maSin cxovrebis wyurvilis zegavleniT, romelic

TviTmkvlelobis mZime ideas ebrZoda, Tvalebs apyrobda zecas;

magram lega Rrublebi, mwuxarebiT damZimebuli qaris sisini,

SexuTuli haeri xelaxla TviTmkvlelobas urCevdnen. mefis xi-

disken gaemarTa da Tavisi winamorbedis fantaziebi gaixsena. gae-

15

cina, roca moagonda, rom lordma kastrifma* Tavisi umdablesi

moTxovnileba daikmayofila, sanam yels gamoiRadravda, xolo

akademikosma oJem* burnuTi monaxa, raTa gzadagza moewia, roca

Tavis mosaklavad midioda. am axirebul adamianTa qcevaze fiqrob-

da, roca instinqturad xidis moajirs mieyrdno, raTa gza mieca

bazridan momavali muSisTvis, romelmac Tavisi tvirTiT saxelo

odnav daumtveriana. man gulmodgined gaibertya saxelo. Semdeg

TaRis Suaguls miaRwia da pirquSad daacqerda mdinares.

_ cudi daria Tavis dasaxrCobad, _ uTxra siciliT ZonZe-

bSi gaxveulma dedaberma, _ sena mRvrie da civia.

man upasuxa gulubryvilo RimiliT, romelic misi vaJkacu-

ri gadawyvetilebis sigiJes mowmobda; magram tanSi Jruantelma

dauara, roca Soridan tiulieris navsadguris TavSi xis fanCa-

turi dainaxa erTi wyrTis sigrZis asoebiT: `wyalSi Cacvenil-

Ta daxmareba~. man warmoidgina am dawesebulebis meTauri, b-ni

daSe*, aRsavse kacTmoyvareobiT. igi Tavis koxta niCbebs swevda

zeviT da anavardebda, raTa TavSi Caekra morevSi CacvenilTaTvis,

Tu isini, saubedurod, amotivtivdebodnen; ai, b-ni daSe ukan ax-

evinebs cnobismoyvareebs, eZebs eqims, amzadebs Sesakmevs; ai, Ju-

rnalistebi samZimris sityvebs Txzaven qeifis Semdeg, moRimari

da mocekvave qalebis sazogadoebaSi; ai, senis prefeqti menavee-

bs vercxlis fuls uTvlis misi gvamis wylidan amoRebisTvis.

sikvdilis Semdeg igi ormocdaaTi franki Rirebula, sicocx-

leSi ki niWier kacs warmoadgenda, arc mfarveli hyolia, arc

megobrebi, moklebuli iyo Calis leibsac da sareklamo dafda-

fis xmasac, namdvili socialuri nuli iyo, gamousadegari

saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sruliadac ar it-

kivebda Tavs misTvis. dRisiT sikvdili uRirsad eCvena da gadaw-

yvita, RamiT momkvdariyo, raTa Tavisi usaxelo da gamoucnobi

gvami gadaeca im sazogadoebisaTvis, romelic ar cnobda misi

sicocxlis sidiades. gza ganagrZo da volteris sanapirosken

gaemarTa, amasTanave, iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos udardeli da us-

aqmo adamiani yofiliyo da drois mokvla ndomeboda.

16

sanapiro quCis kuTxeSi misi yuradReba galavanze gamofe-

nilma Zvelma wignebma miipyro; cota daaklda, kinaRam gamyid-

vels SeevaWra. saxeze mware sicilma gaurbina, filosofiurad

jibeebSi xelebi Caiwyo da gzis gagrZelebas apirebda, rom

uceb saxtad darCa: jibidan fulis fantastikuri wkriali

moesma. misi saxe imedis Rimilma gaanaTa, Tvalebi gaubrwyin-

da, Subli gaexsna, loyebi Seefakla. es imedis naperwkali

im cecxls hgavda, romelic erTxel gadaurbens damwvari

qaRaldis furcels; misi saxe xelaxla nacrisferi gaxda,

roca jibidan xeli amoiRo da sami spilenZis fuli dainaxa.

_ ah! Cemo gulkeTilo batono, la carita! La carita! Catarina!1 erTi groSi gviboZeT puris sayidlad!

am kacs ukanasknel groSs sTxovda buxris mwmendeli biWi, rom-

lis saxe da ZonZebiT dafaruli tani WvartliT iyo gamuruli.

buxris mwmendeli biWidan oriode nabijze beberma maTxo-

varma, romelsac morcxvi, avadmyofi, tanjuli adamianis saxe

hqonda da dafleTili Sali exura, dabali, yru xmiT uTxra: _

batono, momeciT, rac SegiZliaT, RvTis gulisaTvis... magram

roca axalgazrda kacma moxucs Sexeda, am ukanasknelma xma

Caikminda, SeiZleba imitom, rom am usicocxlo saxeze ufro

mZafri gaWirvebis niSani dainaxa, vidre misi, sakuTari iyo.

_ La carita! La carita! man Tavisi spilenZis fuli gadaugdo biWsa da moxucs da

sanapiros qvafenilidan saxlebisken ibruna piri, radgan

senis cqeras veRar itanda.

_ RmerTs SevevedrebiT, raTa dRegrZeloba moganiWos, _

uTxres maTxovrebma.

roca graviurebis erT savaWros miaRwia, am TiTqmis micva-

lebul adamians axalgazrda qali Sexvda: brwyinvale etlidan

gadmodioda. aRtacebiT daacqerda am momajadoebel pirovne-

1 La carita! La carita! Catarina! _ `moiReT mowyaleba! mowyaleba! wm. ekaterines

gulisaTvis!~ (ital.).

17

bas, romlis TeTri saxe harmoniulad iyo garemoculi moxde-

nili qudis atlasiT. vaJi moxibla qalis moqnilma tanma,

lamazma moZraobam. etlidan Camosvlis dros kaba odnav aiwia

da fexi gamoaCina, misi natifi konturebi naTlad gamoixata

TeTr, saluq windebSi.

axalgazrda qali maRaziaSi Sevida da albomebi da liTo-

grafiebis koleqciebi gadmoaRebina, zogi ram iyida da ram-

denime oqro gadaixada. fulma gaanaTa da daiwkriala dax-

lze. axalgazrda kacma, romelic TiTqos gareT gamofenili

graviurebis daTvalierebiT iyo gatacebuli, mSvenier ucnobs

gamgmiravi TvaliT Sexeda da, samagierod, erTi is uzrunveli

Sexedva miiRo, romliTac qali SemTxveviT gamvlels ajil-

doebs xolme. vaJis mxriv, es niSnavda gamoTxovebas siyvarul-

Tan da qalTan! magram es ukanaskneli, Zalovani SekiTxva ver

gauges, man ver aaRelva udardeli qalis guli, ver gaawiTla,

Tvalebi ver daaxrevina. ra iyo es am qalisTvis? erTi zedmeti

aRtaceba, erTi mis mier STagonebuli survili, romelic saR-

amoTi siamovnebiT aTqmevinebda: `ho, dRes sandomiani viyavi!~

axalgazrda kacma saCqarod meore fanjrisken gadainacvla

da ukan ar mouxedavs, roca ucnobi qali etlSi jdeboda. cx-

enebi daiZrnen, fufunebisa da silazaTis am ukanasknel suraTs

bindi gadaefara, iseve, rogorc efareboda mis sicocxles.

igi melanqoliuri nabijiT gauyva gzas maRaziebis gaswvriv;

gamofenili saqonlis nimuSebs uinteresod ucqeroda. roca

savaWroebis rigi dasrulda, luvris, institutis, RvTismSob-

lis taZris koSkebis, marTlmsajulebis palatis, xelovnebaTa

xidis daTvalierebas Seudga. es Zeglebi sevdianad gamoiyure-

bodnen, cis nacrisfer tonebs Sexamebodnen; es moRuSuli ca

raRac mrisxane gamometyvelebas aniWebda parizs, romelic,

lamazi qalis msgavsad, gaugebar kaprizebs eqvemdebareba, xan

maxinjia da xan mSvenieri. amrigad, TiTqos TviT buneba awyob-

da SeTqmulebas, ra Ta es momakvdavi adamiani gulistkivilis

eqstazs moecva. igi im mavne Zalas daepyro, romelic adamians

18

TiTqos arRvevs nervebis nakadis SemweobiT. igi grZnobda, rom

misi sxeuli SeumCnevlad siTxis mdgomareobas uaxlovdeboda.

am sulTmobrZaobis tanjva iseT moZraobas aniWebda, TiTqos

igi talRa iyo, xolo Senobebi, adamianebi, sagnebi nislSi iy-

vnen gaxveuli da irweodnen.

undoda Tavi daeRwia gaRizianebisaTvis, romelsac masze

fizikuri buneba axdenda, da antikvariatis maRaziisken Seux-

via im ganzraxviT, rom Tavisi grZnobebi esazrdoebina da daR-

amebamde dro gaetarebina mxatvruli nivTebiT vaWrobaze. es,

ase vTqvaT, is gamamxnevebeli da gulis momcemi sasmeli iqne-

boda, romelsac eSafotze mimavali damnaSaveebi Txouloben,

roca TavianTi Zalis imedi ara aqvT; magram moaxloebuli

sikvdilis Segnebam am ymawvils erTi wuTiT iseTive TviTrw-

mena mianiWa, rogoric aqvs hercogis meuRles, roca mas ori

sayvareli hyavs. maRaziaSi udardeli saxiT Sevida; saxeze Se-

zarxoSebuli adamianis Rimili uTamaSebda; da marTlac, gana

igi sicocxliT an, SeiZleba, sikvdiliT mTvrali ar iyo?

uceb xelaxla Tavbru daexva; sagnebi ucnaurad Seferadebuli

warmoudgnen. isini wynarad irxeodnen. amis mizezi, ueWvelia,

misi sisxlis uwesrigo moZraoba iyo. es sisxli xan CuxCux-

ebda CanCqeriviT, xan mdore da neli xdeboda Tbili wyaliviT.

maRaziaSi Sesvlisas ganacxada, mxolod sawyobis daTvalier-

eba minda, raTa gavigo, xom araferia iq Cemi gemovnebis Sesaf-

erio. axalgazrda saxegafurCqnilma da loyawiTelma noqarma,

romelsac qera Tma hqonda da wavis qudi exura, maRaziis Tva-

lyuris devneba beber glexis qals, erTgvar mdedrobiTi sqesis

kalibans1, miando, romelic wmendda buxars _ bernar palisis*

geniis nawarmoebs, Semdeg ucnobs uzrunveli toniT mimarTa:

_ daaTvaliereT, batono, daaTvaliereT!.. qveviT Cven mx-

olod Cveulebrivi nivTebi gvaqvs, magram, Tu zeda sarTulze

1 kalibani _ Seqspiris piesis `qariSxlis~ personaJi, naxevrad adamiani,

naxevrad mxeci.

19

abrZanebas inebebT, SemiZlia mSvenieri mumiebi gaCvenoT, kai-

rodan Camotanili, mravali mooWvili WurWeli, ramdenime

Savi xis CuqurTma _ namdvili renesansi. yovelive es am cota

xnis winaT miviReT, yvelaferi namdvilad mSvenieria.

saSinel mdgomareobaSi, romelSic ucnobi imyofeboda, am CiC-

erones ybedoba, es suleluri vaWruli frazebi mas im wvrilman

abezrobad eCveneboda, romlis SemweobiT gonebaSezRuduli ada-

mianebi klaven genioss. gadawyvita, Tavisi jvari bolomde ezida.

iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos yuradRebiT usmenda Tavis winamZRols

da an xelis moZraobiT, an erTmarcvliani sityvebiT upasuxeb-

da mis kiTxvebs; magram SeumCnevlad dadumebis ufleba moipova

da uSiSrad mieca Tavis ukanasknel SemaZrwunebel fiqrebs. igi

poeti iyo da misma sulma anazdeulad uxvi sakvebi ipova. mas

naadrevad aTasi msoflios sasaflao unda daenaxa.

Tvalis pirvel gadavlebaze sawyobebi bundovan suraTad

eCvena, sadac adamianuri da RvTaebrivi qmnilebani erTman-

eTSi areuliyo; CaliT gatenili niangebi, maimunebi, gvelebis

fitulebi ucinodnen eklesiis moxatul minebs, TiTqos gamo-

qandakebuli saxeebis kbenas, galaquli nivTebis gamodevnebas an

WaRebze acocebas apirebdnen. sevris larnaki, romelzec qalba-

tonma Jakotom* napoleoni daxata, moTavsebuli iyo faraon se-

zostrisisadmi1 Sewiruli sfinqsis gverdiT. samyaros dasawyisi

da guSindeli ambebi axirebuli gulubryvilobiT iyo SeuRle-

buli. Samfuri taZris kidobanze ido, respublikuri xmali _

saSualo saukuneebis SaSxanaze. qalbatoni diubari*, romelic

laturs* pasteliT daexata, varskvlaviT Tavze, gatitvlebuli

da RrublebSi gaxveuli, gulisTqmiT ucqeroda indur Cibuxs

da cdilobda gaego, ra sargebloba mohqonda mis gveliviT dak-

laknil xveulebs. sikvdilis iaraRebi, maxvilebi, xanjlebi,

ucnauri dambaCebi erT xrovad eyara sicocxlis iaraRebTan,

faifuris jamebTan, saqsonur TefSebTan, gamWvirvale Cinur fi-

1 faraoni sezostrisi _ igive ramzes II (Zv.w. 1300-1230).

20

alebTan, antikur samarileebTan, feodalur TasebTan. spilos

Zvlis xomaldi afragaSlili micuravda uZravi kus zurgze.

pnevmaturi manqana Tvalis davsebas upirebda mefurad SeuS-

foTebel imperator avgusts. ramdenime frangi qalaqis mour-

avi da ramdenime holandieli burgomistri, romelnic aqac, su-

raTebze, iseTive ugrZnobelni Candnen, rogoric sicocxleSi

iyvnen, civi da amoRamebuli TvalebiT zemodan dascqerodnen

am siZveleTa qaoss. TiTqos dedamiwis yovel kuTxes aq Tavisi

sibrZnis raime natexi, Tavisi xelovnebis raime nimuSi moetana.

es erTgvari filosofiuri sasuqi iyo, romelsac araferi akl-

da, arc veluris avgarozi, arc haramxanis movarayebuli mwvane

qoSebi, arc mavruli iatagani1, arc TaTruli kerpi. aq moipove-

boda yvelaferi: jariskacis qisac, mRvdlis barZim-feSxumic,

taxtis baliSic. sxivis aTasnairi TamaSi, sinaTlisa da sibnelis

mZafri Widili kidev ufro ucnaurs xdida am zRaprul sanax-

aobas. TiTqos yurs Sewyvetili Zaxili esmoda, suli daumTa-

vrebel dramebs grZnobda, Tvali naxevrad Camqral sinaTles

xedavda. bolos, Seupovar mtvers msubuqi leCaqi gadaefarebina

am sagnebze da maTi mravalferadi kuTxeebi, maTi xveulebi uaR-

resad mxatvrul STabeWdilebas axdendnen.

ucnobma Tavdapirvelad es sami darbazi, savse civilizaciiT,

kultebiT, RmerTebiT, SedevrebiT, samefoebiT, RreobiT, go-

nierebiTa da sigiJiT, Seadara mravalwaxnagovan sarkes, romlis

TiToeul waxnagSi mTeli samyaro isaxeba. am bundovani STabe-

Wdilebis Semdeg mas undoda arCeul sagnebze SeCerebuliyo

siyvaruliT; magram Zaldatanebulma cqeram, fiqrma, ocnebam

gaaZliera cieb-cxelebis caxcaxi, romelic, SeiZleba, Signeu-

lobis mRrRneli SimSilobiTac iyo gamowveuli. am uamravma

nacionalurma Tu individualurma arsebam, romelTa mowmobas

es adamianuri sabuTebi warmoadgendnen, sabolood gaarinda

ymawvili kaci; survili, romelmac maRaziaSi moiyvana, asrul-

1 iatagani _ aRmosavluri mokle maxvili, moxrili da orlesuli.

21

da: igi gamovida realuri cxovrebidan, safexurebiT avida ide-

alur qveyanaSi, miaRwia aRfrTovanebis mojadoebul palatebs,

saidanac samyaro Semusvrili eCvena cecxlis xazebSi, rogorc

erT dros alsa da kvamlSi Seblardnilma momavalma cxovrebam

patmosze1 Tvalwin gauara ioane maxarobels.

mis Tvalwin mwuxare, sandomiani an SemaZrwunebeli, bneli

an naTeli, Soreuli an axlobeli saxeebi aRimarTnen. isini

mTel masebs, miriadebs, Taobebs warmoadgendnen. udabnoebis

qviSidan aRdga gaqvavebuli, Sveti, idumali egvipte. igi war-

modgenili iyo Sav artaxebSi gaxveuli mumiis saxiT. Semdeg

modiodnen faraonebi, romelnic mTel xalxs asamarebdnen,

raTa TavianTi sasaflao aegoT; Semdeg kidev _ mose, ebraelebi,

udabno; da igi Wvretda mTel antikur da zviad qveyanas.

kvarcxlbekze marmarilos wyaljavariani da momxiblavi

qandakeba idga. misi mwyazari saxe saberZneTisa da ioniis2 vnebi-

an miTebs mouTxrobda. ah, vin ar gaicinebda iseve, rogorc

man gaicina, roca etruskuli Tixis larnakis wiTel fonze

Savgvremani axalgazrda qali dainaxa, romelic cekvavda Rmer-

Tis, priapis3 winaSe da mas mxiaruli saxiT salams uZRvnida?

iqve, axlos, laTinTa dedofali siyvaruliT elaciceboda

Tavis qimeras! aq imperatorTa romis sunTqva ismoda, ocne-

baSi isaxeboda nebieri, mibnedili iulias* abano, sareceli,

tansacmeli. es qali TiTqos Tavis tibuls* eloda. cicero-

nis Tavi, aRWurvili arabuli Tilismebis ZaliT, Tavisufali

romis mogonebebs iwvevda da titus liviusis* furclebs Sli-

da. axalgazrda kaci TiTqos romis senatsa da xalxs ucqero-

da. mis Tvalwin, sizmris nisliani saxeebis msgavsad, neli na-

1 patmosi _ kunZuli egeosis zRvaSi, sadac ioane maxarobelma momavlis gamocxade-

ba ixila da aRwera (cnobilia ioanes gamocxadebis, anu apokalifsis saxelwodebiT).2 ionia _ mcire aziis dasavleTi sanapiro, Zveli berZnuli tomebiT (gan-

sakuTrebiT ionielTa) mier dasaxlebuli.3 priapi _ berZnul miTologiaSi nayofierebisa da xorcieli siyvarulis

RmerTi, dionisesa da afrodites vaJi.

276

s a r C e v i

Tavi pirveli

Tilisma ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5Tavi meore

ugulo qali----------------------------------------------------------- 82Tavi mesame

sulTmobrZaoba--------------------------------------------------- 184epilogi----------------------------------------------------------- 264

SeniSvnebi--------------------------------------------------------- 266

277

`kviris palitris~ biblioTeka

wigni 1

redaqtori maia aludauri

koreqtorebi: natalia CimakaZe

marina inaniSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa giorgi asaTiani

ydis dizaini eTer gziriSvili

proeqtis menejeri TinaTin asaTiani

gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010

misamarTi: iosebiZis q. 49, tel.: 38-38-71

E-mail: book@palitra.gewww.50.kvirispalitra.ge

50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar

278

279

jek londoni

martin ideni

SoTa rusTaveli

vefxistyaosani

male gamova:male gamova: