55thth European Working Conditions European Working Conditions Survey Survey

Greet Vermeylenresearch manager Surveys and Trend Unit

Seminar for students of faculty of chemistry/chemical technology

Ljubljana, 4 October 2011

Monitoring activities : Monitoring activities : Our surveys and observatories (NEO)Our surveys and observatories (NEO)

European Working Conditions survey

(EWCS)1991, 95, 2000/01, 2005, 2010

European Industrial Relations

Observatory (EIRO)

European Restructuring Monitor

(ERM)/EMCC

European Working Conditions

Observatory (EWCO)

Monitoring living and

working conditionsin EU

European Quality of Life survey (EQLS)2003, 2007, 2011

European Company Survey (ECS)

2004/05 / 2009 / 2012

A few pointers on quality of workA few pointers on quality of work

• Quality of work, decent work, quality of work and employment, quality of employment Different frameworks Multidimensional

• Capture the ‘world of work’ for all employees Taking into consideration :

different sectors / public/private / different jobs / gender / different job status / self-employed and employees

• The context matters: legislation, labour market, employment policies, social protection and social provisions,…

• Context: Sustainability, ageing workforce, lifecourse, crisis…

PROTECTING HEALTH & WELL-BEING

• Health and safety outcomes

• Exposure to risks• Participation • Occupational Health and Safety prevention framework

• Healthy work organisation

Different dimensions of Different dimensions of quality of work and employmentquality of work and employment

BALANCING WORK with NON WORK LIFE• Organisation of working time• blurring fronteers between work and private life• Social infrastructures and provisions

HAVING A JOB WITH FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS & EMPLOYMENT SECURITY • Employment status• Wages• Access to social protection• Workers rights

QWE

USING and ACQUIRING SKILLS

•Initial education •Cognitive content of work

•Training & lifelong learning

•Career development•Learning organisation

European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)

• European wide survey – 5 waves already: 1991, 1995, 2000 (+01/02), 2005 and 2010

• 1 questionnaire / translated in all the languages 2010: 25 languages and 16 variants

• Country coverage: EU + neighbour countries 5th EWCS (2010): 34 countries covered : EU27 + NO + ACC3 + IPA3 43000 interviews in total (1000/4000 interview per country)

• Workers survey: employees and self-employed (15+) (LFS def) face to face interviews

• Covers many different aspects of the conditions of work and employment of European workers (more than 100 questions) Demographics, structure of workforce, job characteristics, household info (incl work at home) Working time : duration, organisation Physical and psychosocial work factors Nature of work / place of work / work organisation Job content and training Work-life balance Information and consultation Outcomes : health, job satisfaction Earnings

• Gender mainstreaming : central in reflection on questionnaire

Change over the last 20 yearsChange over the last 20 years

• Globalisation

• Structure of employment More in services, less in industry A wide variety of employment contracts (& blurring division between self-

employed and employees)

• A more diverse workforce More women on the labour market _-> but gender segregation remains Ageing workforce

• (National) policies aiming at modernising working life aimed at social progress and /or developing competitiveness

• Transformation in the management of companies adaptability and reactivity, HRM

Level of job segregation at the workplaceLevel of job segregation at the workplaceby gender, 2010, EU27 (%)by gender, 2010, EU27 (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Men Women All

Mostly men

Mostly women

More or less equal number ofmen and women

Some results of the EWCS

Employer-paid training by age of employee, Employer-paid training by age of employee, 1995 – 2010, EU15 and EU27 (%) 1995 – 2010, EU15 and EU27 (%)

((or paid by oneself if self-employed)or paid by oneself if self-employed)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

EU15 EU15 EU27 EU27 EU27

1995 2000 2005 2010

Under 30

30 to 49

50 and older

Training on increase, but big differences remain

Employer paid training by country, employeesEmployer paid training by country, employees

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Finl

and

Net

herla

nds

Slov

enia

Swed

enU

nite

d Ki

ngdo

mCz

ech

Repu

blic

Nor

way

Irela

ndD

enm

ark

Aust

riaBe

lgiu

mEs

toni

aSl

ovak

iaLu

xem

bour

gG

erm

any

Pola

ndM

alta

Spai

nPo

rtug

alCy

prus

Latv

iaH

unga

ryIta

lyFr

ance

Lith

uani

aRo

man

iaAl

bani

aKo

sovo

Croa

tiaG

reec

eFY

ROM

Mon

tene

gro

Turk

eyBu

lgar

ia

Employer paid training Asked for training but did not get it

Participation in improving the work organisation or Participation in improving the work organisation or processes, by country, 2010 (%)processes, by country, 2010 (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

NL

IE DK

MT

SI

EE

EL

CY

SE

FI

UK

FR

RO

LU

EU

27

BE

ES

IT LV

PT

CZ

AT

HU

PL

BG

LT

DE

SK

Always or most of the time Sometimes Rarely or never

Workers involved in workplace innovation

Use of technology, EU27, 2000-2010

17.6%

25.6%

28.8%

22.1%

10.5% 10.5%

8.5%

17.7%17.5%

20.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2000 2005 2010

Working with computers: PCs, network, mainframe (all the time or almost)

Using internet / email for professional purposes (all of the time or almost)

Exposed vibrations from hand tools, machinery, etc. (all of the time or almost)

Work dependent on automatic speed of a machine

Risk exposures:Risk exposures:- overall: little change- overall: little change

- differences however between different countries, sectors, occupation- differences however between different countries, sectors, occupation- gender differences in exposure to physical risks- gender differences in exposure to physical risks

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Vibrations

Noise

Breathing in smoke/ dust and/or vapours

Heavy loads

Low temperatures

High temperatures

Tobacco smoke

Standing

Chemical substances

Tiring or painful positions

Repetitive hand or arm movements

Infectious materials

Lifting or moving people

Men Women

Psychosocial risksPsychosocial risks

• Complex phenomenon: work related ‘stress’ can be related to many issues.

• Worrying developments: stable high levels of work intensity no increase in workers’ room for manoeuvre

• Work related stress factors : Work demands

work intensity, working long hours, cognitive demands, work-life balance

Emotional demands contact with people, emotional involvement, consequences of mistakes

Room for manoeuvre Social relations Value conflicts and work dissatisfaction Employment insecurity and lack of career prospects and insecurity in the work Violence, harassment and bullying

Threats and harassment by sectorThreats and harassment by sector

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

Agricu

lture

Indu

stry

Const

ructi

on

Whole

sale,

reta

il, fo

od, a

ccom

odat

ion

Trans

port

Financia

l ser

vices

Public

adm

inist

ratio

n and

def

ence

Educa

tion

Health

Oth

er se

rvice

sTot

al

Threaths or humiliating behaviour Unw ated sexual attention Bullying and harassment

‘‘I might lose my job in the next 6 months’I might lose my job in the next 6 months’

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

LT EECZ LV BG SI IE ES RO HU SE EL

CY MT PT PL BE FI

NL IT SK UK FR DEAT DK LU

EU27

Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

My work affects my health negativelyMy work affects my health negatively

my work affect my health negatively

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Able to work at 60, by countryAble to work at 60, by country

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

NL

DE IE DK

UK

SE FI

CY IT

EE

EU

27 LV

BE

AT

RO LT CZ

MT

SK

LU

BG PL

ES

HU

FR

EL

PT SI

ConclusionsConclusions• Quality of work remains important

Work matters, not only employment -> ‘Better’ may be even more needed now ! Needed for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth

• Challenge: Understand the phenomena No simple answers / explanation to most phenomena

Multilevel. Multi actions neededEuropean-wide comparative data

Workers and employers surveys

• Differences between groups of workers, economic activities and countries are important. Changes don’t go into the same directions for all groups of workers. Identification of groups of workers, situations of work which are of concern but also of groups and

situations which shall encourage us

• Context remains important

• Limited yet noticeable changes at global level

• Change is possible and actors have a role to play Evidence of change over time of a number of indicators. Are we heading into the right direction ? Do we

want to foster / nurture more changes ?

Thank youThank you

More info: www.eurofound.europa.eu

Survey Map Tool, overview report, secondary analyses

Data will be available through Essex Data Archive

gve@eurofound.europa.eu