5 Secondhand Smoke

7/30/2019 5 Secondhand Smoke

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Seconhand Smoke

An Avoidable ScourgeBy Elie Honore MD MPH MHA

April 2010


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What is Secondhand Smoke?

Secondhand smoke or environmentaltobacco smoke) involuntary smoking or

passive smoking is the combination of

sidestream smoke (the smoke given off

by the burning end of a tobacco

product) and mainstream smoke (the

smoke exhaled by the smoker)

It happens in homes, cars, the

workplace, public places such as bars,

restaurants, and other recreation

settings.


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How is secondhand smoke

exposure measured?

Secondhand smoke is measured by

testing indoor air for nicotineor

other smoke constituents. Exposureto secondhand smoke can be tested

by measuring the levels of cotinine

(a nicotine by-product in the body)in the nonsmokersblood, saliva, or

urine.
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How is secondhand smoke

exposure measured?

Nicotine, cotinine, carbon monoxide,

and other evidence of secondhand

smoke exposure have been found inthe body fluids of nonsmokers

exposed to secondhand smoke.
http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=chttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=c


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Does secondhand smoke contain

harmful chemicals?

Yes. Of the more than 4,000 chemicals

that have been identified in

secondhand tobacco smoke, at least

250 are known to be harmful, and 50

of these are known to cause cancer.


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harmful chemicals?

These chemicals include :

arsenic (a heavy metal toxin)

benzene (a chemical found in gasoline)

beryllium (atoxic metal)

cadmium (a metal used in batteries)

chromium (a metallic element)

ethylene oxide (a chemical used to sterilize

medical devices)
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harmful chemicals?

These chemicals include (2):

arsenic (a heavy nickel (a metallic element)

polonium210 (a chemical element thatgives off radiation)

vinyl chloride (a toxic substance used in

plastics manufacture)
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Does exposure to secondhand

smoke cause cancer?

Yes. The U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), the U.S. National

Toxicology Program (NTP), the U.S.Surgeon General, and the International

Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

have classified secondhand smoke as aknown human carcinogen (cancer-

causing agent).
http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=chttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=c


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smoke cause cancer? Inhaling secondhand smoke causes lung

cancer in nonsmoking adults.

Approximately 3,000 lung cancer

deaths occur each year among adultnonsmokers in the United States as a

result of exposure to secondhand

smoke. The Surgeon General estimates

that living with a smoker increases a

nonsmokers chances of developing

lung cancer by 20 to 30 percent.


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smoke cause cancer?

Some research suggests that

secondhand smoke may increase the

risk ofbreast cancer, nasal sinus cavity

cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer in

adults, and leukemia, lymphoma, and

brain tumors in children. Additional

research is needed to learn whether alink exists between secondhand smoke

exposure and these cancers.
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Secondhand Smoke

A Health Hazard to Children

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

AmericanAcademy ofPediatrics


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38 percent of children aged 2months to 5 years are exposed tosecondhand smoke in the home

Source: CDC

Secondhand Smoke


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Secondhand Smoke

Up to 2,000,000 ear infections each year Nearly 530,000 doctor visits for asthma Up to 436,000 episodes of bronchitis inchildren under five Up to 190,000 cases of pneumonia in

children under five

Source: Pediatrics


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Secondhand Smoke

Also known as environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) Smoke breathed out by a smoker Smoke from the burning end of cigarettes,cigars, pipes Composed of nearly 4,000 different chemicals

and chemical compounds Benzene, nickel, carbon monoxide, ammonia

and cyanideSource: National Research Council


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Miscarriage

Prematurity Low birth weight

Secondhand Smoke

Source: AAP


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Secondhand Smoke More upper respiratory infections More bronchitis and pneumonia More ear infections and hearing

problems Higher rate of SIDS More cases of asthma More severe symptoms in children

who already have asthmaSource: AAP


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Secondhand Smoke

Coughing and wheezing Sore throats and colds Eye irritation Hoarseness


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Infants whose mothers smoked were38 percent more likely to be admittedto the hospital for bronchitis andpneumonia

Secondhand Smoke

Source: Lancet


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Source: Acta Paediatr Scand

Secondhand Smoke

Children younger than one year whosemothers smoked were almost four times aslikely to be hospitalized


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Infants with twoparents who smokewere more than twiceas likely to have hadpneumonia andbronchitis

Secondhand Smoke

Source: Lancet


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Source: JAMA

Children living inhouseholds where morethan three packs ofcigarettes were smokedper day were more thanfour times as likely tobe hospitalized forplacement of ear tubes

Secondhand Smoke


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Asthma One out of thirteenchildren has asthma Asthma is a chronic

disease of thepassageways that carryair to the lungs

Asthma causes laboredbreathing, shortness ofbreath


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Indoor Asthma Triggers Secondhand smoke

Animal dander

Dust mites

Cockroaches

Mold


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What is a safe level of

secondhand smoke? There is no safe level of exposure to

secondhand smoke. Even low levels of

secondhand smoke exposure is harmful.

The only way to fully protect peoplefrom secondhand smoke exposure is to

completely eliminate smoking in indoor

spaces. Separating smokers fromnonsmokers, cleaning the air, and

ventilating buildings cannot completely

eliminate secondhand smoke exposure

Pl d k S k F H


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Pledge to keep a Smoke-Free Home

and Car

The best thing you can do is quit Until you quit:

Choose not to smoke in your home orallow others to do so

Choose not to smoke in your car orallow others to do so

Choose a smoke-freechild care provider


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Secondhand Smoke

A Health Hazard to Children

EPAs Secondhand Smoke Website www.epa.gov/smokefree

American Academy of Pediatrics Website www.aap.org

To take the Smoke-Free Home Pledge

call 1-866-SMOKEFREE

EPAs Indoor Air Quality InformationClearinghouse 1-800-438-4318

5 Secondhand Smoke

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