5 Scientists.docx

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Apj abdul kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam( i/bdlklm/;born 15 October 1931) is an

Indian scientist and administrator who served as the11thPresident of Indiafrom 2002 to 2007.

Kalam was born and raised inRameswaram,Tamil Nadu, studied physics at theSt. Joseph'sCollege, Tiruchirappalli,and aerospace engineering at theMadras Institute of Technology,

Chennai.

Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer withDefence Research andDevelopment Organisation(DRDO) andIndian Space Research Organisation(ISRO).

[1]Kalam

is popularly known as theMissile Man of Indiafor his work on the development ofballistic

missileandlaunch vehicletechnology.[2]

He played a pivotal organizational, technical and

political role in India'sPokhran-IInuclear tests in 1998, the first since theoriginal nuclear test byIndiain 1974.

[3]

Aryabhata

Aryabhata(Sanskrit: listen(helpinfo);IAST:ryabhaa) or Aryabhata I[1][2]

(476550CE)[3][4]was the first in the line of greatmathematician-astronomersfrom the

classical age ofIndian mathematicsandIndian astronomy.His works include the

ryabhaya(499 CE, when he was 23 years old)[5]and theArya-siddhanta.

The works of Aryabhata dealt with mainlymathematicsandastronomy.He also worked

on the approximation forpi.

Biography

Name

While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other

names having the "bhatta"suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every

astronomical text spells his name thus,[6]includingBrahmagupta's references to him "in
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more than a hundred places by name".[7]Furthermore, in most instances "Aryabhatta"

does not fit the metre either.[6]

Time and place of birth

Aryabhata mentions in theAryabhatiyathat it was composed 3,630 years into theKali

Yuga,when he was 23 years old. This corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was

born in 476.[4]

Aryabhata's birthplace is uncertain, but it may have been in the area known in ancient

texts asAshmakaIndiawhich may have beenMaharashtraorDhaka.[6]

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan(born 1952) is an Indian-born American and Britishstructural

biologist,who shared the 2009Nobel Prize in ChemistrywithThomas A. SteitzandAda E. Yonath,"for

studies of the structure and function of theribosome".[1]

He currently works at theMRCLaboratory of

Molecular BiologyinCambridge, England.[2

Career

Ramakrishnan began work on ribosomes as a postdoctoral fellow withPeter MooreatYaleUniversity.

[3]After his post-doctoral fellowship, he initially could not find a faculty position

even though he had applied to about 50 universities in the U.S.[6]

He continued to work on ribosomes from 1983-95 as a staff scientist atBrookhaven National

Laboratory.In 1995 he moved to theUniversity of Utahas a Professor of Biochemistry, and in

1999, he moved to his current position at the Medical Research CouncilLaboratory of Molecular

BiologyinCambridge,England, where he had also been a sabbatical visitor during 1991-92.
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ia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Research_Council_%28UK%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_E._Yonathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata#cite_note-sarma-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata#cite_note-Yadav2010-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yugahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yugahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata#cite_note-sarma-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata#cite_note-7


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Harish-Chandra

Harish-ChandraFRS[2]

(Harish Chandra Mehrotra[citation needed]

; 11 October 1923 16 October 1983) was

anIndian Americanmathematicianandphysicistwho did fundamental work inrepresentation theory,

especiallyharmonic analysisonsemisimple Lie groups.

Early life

Harish-Chandra was born inKanpur(then Cawnpore),British India.He was educated atB.N.S.D. College, Kanpur,and at theUniversity of Allahabad.After receiving his masters

degree in Physics in 1943, he moved to theIndian Institute of Science,Bangalore for further

studies in theoretical physics and worked withHomi J. Bhabha.

In 1945, he moved to University of Cambridge, Cambridge and worked as a research student under Paul

Dirac. While at Cambridge, he attended lectures byWolfgang Pauli,and during one of them pointed out

a mistake in Pauli's work. The two were to become lifelong friends. During this time he became

increasingly interested in mathematics. At Cambridge he obtained his PhD in 1947.

C.V. RAMAN

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman,FRS[2]

(Tamil:; 7 November

1888 21 November 1970) was anIndianphysicist, born in the formerMadras Province,whose ground

breaking work in the field oflight scatteringearned him the 1930Nobel Prize for Physics.He discoveredthat, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes inwavelength.

This phenomenon is now calledRaman scatteringand is the result of theRaman effect.[3]

In 1954, he

was honoured with the highest civilian award in India, theBharat Ratna.[4][5

Early years

Venkata Raman was born, to aTamilfamily, inThiruvanaikaval,Trichinopoly,present-dayTiruchirapalli,Madras Presidency,inBritish Indiato Parvati Amma he was self educated in the

field of science.

Career

In 1917, Raman resigned from his government service after he was appointed the firstPalit

Professor of Physicsat theUniversity of Calcutta.At the same time, he continued doing research

at theIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS),Calcutta,where he became theHonorary Secretary. Raman used to refer to this period as the golden era of his career. Many

students gathered around him at the IACS and the University of Calcutta.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple_Lie_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple_Lie_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple_Lie_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSD_Inter_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSD_Inter_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi_J._Bhabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi_J._Bhabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi_J._Bhabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvanaikavalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvanaikavalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvanaikavalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinopolyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinopolyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinopolyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Association_for_the_Cultivation_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Association_for_the_Cultivation_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Association_for_the_Cultivation_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Association_for_the_Cultivation_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinopolyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvanaikavalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi_J._Bhabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSD_Inter_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple_Lie_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society


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