5 Paint Types

Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /1

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Alkyd paintsAlkyd paints


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The word is divided in two parts to make it understandable:

AL KYD (Norwegian) AL CID (English)

AL is coming from alcohol, CID or “KYD” From the English word acid.

Alkyd is made from alcohol + acid + oil

AlkydAlkyd


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• Good application properties

• 1-component

• Good weather durability

• Good wetting properties

• Good recoatability

• Good levelling properties

• Good gloss retention

• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC.

• Poor chemical resistance (especially against alkaline)

• Limited water resistance (submerged)

• Limited solvent resistance

• Limited film thickness per coat

• Poor adhesion to CR

• Never to be used on Zinc

Alkyd PaintsAlkyd Paints

PropertiesProperties

Advantages

Limitations


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• Good application properties

• 1-component

• Good weather durability

• Good wetting properties

• Good recoatability

• Good levelling properties

• Good gloss retention

• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC.


AdvantagesAdvantages


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• Poor chemical resistance (especially against alkaline)

• Limited water resistance (submerged)

• Limited solvent resistance

• Limited film thickness per coat

• Poor adhesion to CR

• Never to be used on Zinc (Saponification)


LimitationsLimitations


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• Ships

• Industry

• Newbuildings / Maintenance

• All exterior and interior objects

• Only above water

• St 2 to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation

Alkyd paintAlkyd paint

Where to useWhere to use


? Alkyd paintAlkyd paint

ExperienceExperience

• Blistering and flaking on Zinc.

• May give flaking on CR


? Alkyd paintAlkyd paint

Typical SystemTypical System

Cromoprimer 1 x 40 microns

Pilot I 1 x 40 microns

Pilot II 1 x 40 microns

Total 120 microns


? Modified Alkyd paintModified Alkyd paint

• Styrene alkyds - Quicker drying

• Silicone alkyds - better gloss retention

• Urethane alkyds - Quicker drying, better water and chemical resistance. Can be applied in thicker coats (60-100 microns DFT)


? Modified Alkyd PaintModified Alkyd Paint

Typical Pre-treatment and SystemTypical Pre-treatment and System

Pre-treatment :

St 2 - Sa 2,5

System :

Mammut Primer 1 x 80 microns

Mammut Top coat : 1 x 80 microns


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Urethane Alkyd:Mammut PrimerMammut TopcoatRoyal White

Alkyd based products Alkyd based products from JOTUNfrom JOTUN

Alkyd:Alkyd primerAluflex Conseal PrimerCromoprimerDeckpaint Pilot I and IIEngine EnamelUltra Topcoat

Silicone Alkyd:CorrexUltra Topcoat White

Styrene Alkyd:Quick Step


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Glassflake

Polyester


?Glass-flake Reinforced PolyesterGlass-flake Reinforced Polyester

• For protection of steel and, in certain cases, Aluminium and concrete.

• The glass-flakes are 3-5 microns thick and 400 microns across.

• Potlife : Approximately 45 minutes.

• Curing time: Approximately 3 hours.

• Thickness 600 - 1500 microns per coat.


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• Hardness and wear resistance

- Few mechanical damages

- Low maintenance costs

- Long maintenance intervals

- Very good chemical resistance

• Perfect adhesion to steel

No undercutting

Excellent corrosion protection

• Very fast curing

Can be used after few hours

Gives short docking time

“Trouble shooter”

• One coat system

1500 microns dry film

• Solvent free

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester



? Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester


• Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes).

• Limited storage stability

(approximately 6 months at 23 oC).

• Film surface not entirely smooth

• Temperature limitations

Can be used from 10 oC to approximately 40 oC.

• Unfavourable working conditions because of the styrene content.

• Overcoating (with Baltoflake)

min. 2 hours and max.12 hours.


? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

System specificationSystem specification

• Normal exposure: 1 x 750 microns

• Tough exposure: 1 x 1000 microns

• Extra tough exposure: 2 x 750 microns

On blast cleaned steel Sa 2 ½Surface roughness 50 - 100 microns.


? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester


Advantages• Quick curing

• Variable curing time

• Application with airless

• Excellent mechanical strength

• Glass-flakes reduce shrinkage, increases mechanical strength and water resistance.

• Very good chemical resistance

Limitations• Temperature dependent

• Short potlife

• Recoating interval

2 - 12 hours

• Bad curing may be experienced on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.


? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free) Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free)

PropertiesProperties Advantages• Styrene free

• Dry to handle in 2 hours

• Cures down to 5 ºC

(2-component pump)

• Excellent mechanical strength

• Very good adhesion

• Very good water resistance.


Limitations• Temperature dependent

(Cures down to 10 ºC by

normal airless spray)

• Short potlife


1 hour to 2 weeks (23 ºC )

• Require Sa 2 ½ and a roughness of 50-100 microns

• Bad curing may be experienced on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.


? Glass Flake Filled Polyester Glass Flake Filled Polyester CoatingsCoatings

Baltoflake, Styrene containing

• Norpol Catalyst No.1– excellent steel protection

– excellent corrosion protection

– excellent water resistance

– compatible with Cathodic Protection

– excellent resistance to acids

– good resistance to many solvents

– superior abrasion resistant


? Jotun’sJotun’sGlass-flake Reinforced ProductsGlass-flake Reinforced Products

• Baltoflake

• Baltoflake Ecolife (Styrene free)


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0

20

80Hardness. Shore D units

Baltoflake Solvent free epoxy for concrete

Solvent less epoxy for steel Thixotropisk solvent free epoxy

0 2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50

Hours

60

40

Curing of two pack coatings at 23Curing of two pack coatings at 23ooC C


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Chlorinated RubberChlorinated Rubber


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Advantages• Physically drying

• Not temperature dependent

• Easy to recoat

• One component

• Very good water resistance

• Relatively good chemical resistance

Limitations• Poor solvent resistance

• Low solid content

• Relatively poor wetting properties

• Thermoplastic

• Dry heat resistant up to approx. 70 °C

Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints

Properties Properties


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•ALKYD Hardness, gloss retention,solid content

•ACRYL Light tolerance, gloss retention

Properties improved through modification with:

Modification of Chlorinated RubberModification of Chlorinated Rubber


? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints

ChemistryChemistry

Chlorinated Rubber:

Manufactured through chlorination of natural or synthetic rubber.



Key DataKey Data

• Used for all positions on ship and in industry

• Require blast-cleaned steel or intact shop primer

• Low volume solid content

• Not temperature dependent during application

• Good water and chemical resistance




• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• Below and above water

• All external surfaces

• Blast-cleaned to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation




• Physically drying

• 1-pack

• Not dependent on temperature

• Easy to recoat

• Chemical resistant

• Water resistant

• Good corrosion protection




• Poor resistance to solvents

• Low solids by volume (35 - 40%)

• Relatively poor penetrating properties

• Require good pre-treatment (Sa 2 ½)

• Thermoplastic

• Dry heat resistance up to approx. 70 °C


? Chlorinated RubberChlorinated Rubber


• Resoluble: Good intercoat adhesion

• Do not apply CR primers above 70 - 80 µm DFT. May have entrapped air in the film.

• No temperature limitation during application, but keep the paint warm at low temperatures.

• Decompose to release Chlorine at service temperatures above 70 °C

• Alkyd on top of CR may have poor adhesion


? Chlorinated RubberChlorinated Rubber

Typical Pre-treatment and SystemTypical Pre-treatment and System

Pre-treatment: Sa 2 ½

Primer: 3 x 75 microns

Topcoat: 1 x 40 microns

Total DFT: 265 microns


? JOTUN’sJOTUN’sChlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints

• Pioner Primer

• Pioner Topcoat


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Epoxy paints - GeneralEpoxy paints - General


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• Correct mixing ratio

• Good mixing

• Potlife

• Induction time

• Correct pre-treatment

• Correct film thickness

• Adequate ventilation

• Temperature dependent curing

• Avoid high humidity

• Minimum and maximum curing times

• Time for fully cured

• Use epoxy thinner

• Health and epoxy

Experience Experience When Using Epoxy PaintsWhen Using Epoxy Paints


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O2 H2O Salter

Barrikade med maling (min. 200 my)

STÅL

O2 H 2O Salt

STEEL

Acts mainly as a barrier.No active pigments

Epoxy PaintsEpoxy Paints Corrosion ProtectionCorrosion Protection

PaintBarrier


? Epoxy Paints in GeneralEpoxy Paints in General

Heating EquipmentHeating Equipment

Do not use Propane or Paraffin oil

• They produce Water and Carbon dioxide

• This may give Amine swetting and formation of Amine Carbamate (Blooming)

The consequence will be poor adhesion for

the subsequent coat


? Epoxy Paints in GeneralEpoxy Paints in GeneralSide-reactionsSide-reactions

Result:

• Sweating

• Uncured Epoxy

• Tacky film

• White stains

Amines may react with present Water and Carbon dioxide to give Carbamate:

R-NH2 + H2 O + CO2 Amine Carbamate


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Polyamides: Normal epoxy paints

Amine and amine adduct: Solvent free coatings

Tankcoating

Isocyanates: Low temperature curing

Reaction with -OH

Curing agents for Epoxy PaintsCuring agents for Epoxy Paints


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Temperature, ºC

Curing time, days

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10

20

30

40

2 4 7 14 28

Epoxy PaintsEpoxy Paints

Curing DiagramCuring Diagram


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Pure Epoxy paintsPure Epoxy paints


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Advantages

• Chemical curing • Very good chemical resistance• High alkali resistance• Moderate resistance to acids • Good adhesion • Very low permeability • High mechanical strength• Dry heat resistant up to 120 °

Limitations

• Chalking • Temp. dependent • 2 - component• Requires blast cleaning• Overcoating time

Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints



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• High water resistance

• Good chemical resistance • High alkali resistance

• Moderate acid resistance

• High mechanical strength

• High durability


Beneficial PropertiesBeneficial Properties

• Very low permeability

• Very good adhesion • Dry temperature resistant up to 120 ºC

• Corrosion protection

• Potable water tanks

• Easy to clean


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• Require blast-cleaning to Sa 2 ½• Chalking when exposed to sunlight • Temperature dependent during application (min. 10 ºC)• Two-component • Overcoating time• Health risk: Epoxy eczema or allergy




? Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints

Typical SystemTypical System

Pre-treatment: Sa 2 ½ or intact Shopprimer

1) Penguard HB 2 x 100micron

Penguard Topcoat 1 x 50micron

Total DFT 250 micron

2) Penguard Primer 1 x 50micron

Penguard HB 1 x 100micron

Penguard Topcoat 1 x 50 micron

Total DFT 200 microns

For better gloss retention: Use Hardtop AS


? Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy PaintsWhere to UseWhere to Use

• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• Chemical cargo tanks

• Blast-cleaned to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation


? Jotun’s Jotun’s Pure Epoxy ProductsPure Epoxy Products

• Epoxy Holdingprimer

• Penguard Clear Varnish

• Penguard HB

• Penguard HB WG

• Penguard Primer

• Penguard Special

Topcoats

• Penguard Topcoat

• Tankguard HB

• Tankguard Special Topcoat

Epoxy glass-flake

• Marathon

• Marathon IQGF

• Penguard Stayer

• Penguard Tiecoat

• Naviguard (Solvent free)

•Tankguard HB

• Tankguard Special

• Jotaspeed Mio

• Jotaspeed ZP

Primers and midcoats


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Tar Epoxy paints Tar Epoxy paints


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Advantages:

• Chemically curing • More flexible

• Excellent water resistance

• Better wetting properties

• Dry heat resistant up to 90 °C

Limitations:• Dark colour • Temp. dependent • 2-component


• Bleeding when recoated

• Coal Tar is carcinogenic

Epoxy Coal TarEpoxy Coal Tar



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• Reduced chemical and solvent resistance

• Reduced dry heat resistance

• Increased water resistance


Used for:

Submerged areas, cargo holds

and ballast tanks

Epoxy Coal Tar versus Pure EpoxyEpoxy Coal Tar versus Pure Epoxy


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Jotaguard 85

Jotaguard Special

Navitar AS (Solvent free)

Safeguard

Coal Tar Epoxy 82

Jotun’s Jotun’s Coal Tar Epoxy PaintsCoal Tar Epoxy Paints


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Epoxy Mastic paintsEpoxy Mastic paints


? Epoxy MasticEpoxy MasticKey DataKey Data

• Recommended use: Universally

• Very good penetrating properties

• High build; Can be applied in thick coats

• High solids by volume content

• Temperature dependent (WG: -5°C)

• Topcoat is recommended for outdoor exposures.


? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints

• Pre-treatment St2 - Sa 2½, Water jetting, Magnesium stripping or existing paint system.

• Dry film thickness: 150 - 300 µm/coat.

• Volume solid: 75 - 87 %.

• Environmentally friendly.–Reduced solvent content.

–No Isocyanate.

–No tar.


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Advantages

• Chemically curing • Surface tolerant • Light colours• Very good water resistance • Very good wetting properties • Good chemical resistance• High solid content• High build (Thick coats) • Winter curing agent• Dry heat resistant up to 90 ° C

Limitations

Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints


• Chalking• Temperature dependent• Not to be applied on thick coats of physically curing paints• Minimum DFT 150 m by airless spray



Important PropertiesImportant Properties1. Extended service life.

2. Penetration

3. Adhesion Surface tolerant

4. Elastic

5. Very low permeability

6. Volume solids (high)

7. High film thickness (curing)

8. Easy to apply

9. Suitable as a primer (easy to overcoat)

10. Good flow properties at specified WFT

11. No dissolving of old paint


? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints General Characteristics General Characteristics

• Surface tolerant.

• High solids.

• High build.

• Reduced application time (less cost).

• Environmentally friendly.


? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints AdvantagesAdvantages

• Surface tolerant (St 2, Sa 2 ½, Water jetting, exist. paint).

• Very good wetting properties.

• Chemically curing.

• Very good water resistance.

• Good chemical resistance.

• High solid content (87 - 70 %).

• High build: Can be applied to thick coats (150 - 300 µm).

• Winter curing agent available (-5ºC).

• Environmentally friendly

• No Isocyanate, no tar, less solvents.

• Dry heat resistant up to 90 °C

• Can be applied on top of most other paints




• Chalking. Not UV - resistant

• Temperature dependent for curing

• Do not apply it on thick layers of physically drying paints

• Minimum DFT 150 microns by airless spray




• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• Ballast tanks and Cargo tanks

• All exterior and interior surfaces, above and below water

• St 2 to Sa 2½ or Water jetted, Magnesium stripped or shopprimed steel

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation



High volume Solids: 70 % - 87 %High volume Solids: 70 % - 87 %

• Economical to use

• Reduced/eliminated compatibility risks

• More environmentally friendly

• Elimination of sandwich coats

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Vol. % solids

Vinyl CR Alkyd Poly- Epoxy Jotamastic urethane 87


? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87

• Pre-treatment:

St 2 - Sa 2 ½ , existing paint system, Water jetting.

• Dry film thickness:

150 - 300 µm

• Volume solid:

Wintergrade Jotamastic 87 : 70 %

Jotamastic 87 (Alu.) : 87 %

• Application:

Brush, Roller or Airless Spray

• Environmentally friendly:

High volume solid - less solvents.

No tar or isocyanates.


? Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87

Pre-treatmentPre-treatment

• Wirebrushing St 2 and St3

• Blast-cleaning Sa1 - Sa 2 ½

• Water Jetted surfaces.

• Magnesium descaled surfaces

• Existing, old paint, except thick physically drying paints.

Jotamastic 87 gives very good corrosion protection of steel on following substrates:


? Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87

CURINGCURING

• Jotamastic 87 Down to + 10 °C

• WG Jotamastic 87 Down to - 5 °C

(Recommended from +15 to -5°C)


? Jotun’s Jotun’s Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints

Balloxy HB Light Also as Winter Grade version

Balloxy NB Light Also as Winter Grade version

Jotamastic 87 Also as Winter Grade version

Jotamastic 87 Aluminium Also as Winter Grade version

Jotamastic 87 GF Also as Winter Grade version

Primastic Also as Winter Grade version

Primastic Universal Also as Winter Grade version

Polymastic 100

Polyguard SS


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Vinyl paintsVinyl paints


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Advantages

Limitations

• Low solid content • Poor resistance against Strong solvents• Dry heat resistant up to approximately 80 ºC

Used for:

Vinyl paintsVinyl paints


• Physically drying • High chemical resistance• Good water resistance• Quick drying• Not temperature dependent• One-component

Exterior objects above water Offshore on top of Zinc-ethylsilicate


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Advantages• Higher content of solids

• Higher water resistance


• Cost advantages

Disadvantages• Bleeding

• Dark colours

• Tar on cancer list

Used for: Under water areas

Vinyl Tar - Modified typeVinyl Tar - Modified type



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ProductVinyproof PrimerVinyproof HBVernyl Topcoat

Vinyguard BlackVinyguard Brown

Vinyguard Silvergrey 88

TypeVinyl Tie-coatVinylVinyl-Acrylic

Vinyl/TarVinyl/Tar

Al.pigmented Modified vinyl

Area of use Above waterlineShips and Chemical industry

Below waterline onships-offshoreconstructions etc.

Below waterlineprimer/sealer

Jotun’s Jotun’s Vinyl Based PaintsVinyl Based Paints

(Redtoned)


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Polyurethane paintsPolyurethane paints


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• Very good weather resistance

• Excellent gloss durability


• Very good solvent resistance

• Cures down to 0 °C

• 2-pack

• May cause skin irritation

• Overcoating time

Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints


Advantages Limitations


? Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints


• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• All exterior substrates above water (Also internal at times)

• On top of Epoxy, Epoxy Mastic and Polyester coatings

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation


? Jotun’s Jotun’s Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints

Hardtop AS (High gloss)

Hardtop HB (Semi gloss)

Futura AS (High gloss)


? UV - LightUV - Light

Gloss Retention for Various PaintsGloss Retention for Various Paints

0102030405060708090

100

400 800 1200 1600 2200

Weatherguard

Polyurethane

Epoxy

Alkyd

Gloss

Hours accelerated testing


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Zinc rich paintsZinc rich paints


? Zinc EpoxyZinc Epoxy


• Chemically curing


• Good adhesion

• Require min. Sa 2 ½

• Good mechanical strength

• May be recoated with all types of paint, except Alkyd

• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC

• Temperature dependent

• 2-component

• Film thickness: 25 - 50 m

• Not acid- and alkaline resistant

(Resistant between pH 5-9)



? Zinc Epoxy PaintsZinc Epoxy Paints



• Good adhesion


• May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds

• Chemically curing

• Short overcoating time

• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC




• Temperature dependent (10 ºC)

• 2- component

• DFT: 20 - 50 m (20-30 m for underwater use)

• Not acid and alkaline resistant

(Resistant at pH range 5 - 9)




• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• All exterior and interior objects above and below water (as holding primer for underwater use 20-30 microns).

• Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2½

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation


? Zinc Ethyl-silicate PaintsZinc Ethyl-silicate Paints



• Very high heath resistance

(max 400 oC)

• Very high mechanical strength

• Very good adhesion to blast cleaned steel

• Relatively good recoatability

• Requires humidity for curing

• 2-pack

• Max. DFT: 100 µm

At higher DFT tendency of mud-cracking or checking





• Very good solvent resistance (Tankcoating)

• Very good corrosion protection

• Very good adhesion to blast-cleaned steel


• May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds

• Very good heat resistance (max. 400 ºC)




• Require humidity for curing

• 2-Pack

• Maximum DFT approximately 100 m

(At higher DFT tendency of checking or cracking)

• Curing has to be checked (ASTM 4752) before overcoating

• Use a tie coat or mistcoat / fullcoat technique for the first subsequent coat.

• Short shelf life : 6 months at 23 ºC

• Very good heat resistance (max. 400 ºC)


? Zinc Ethyl-silicate Paints Zinc Ethyl-silicate Paints


• Ships

• Offshore

• Industry


• All exterior objects above the waterline.

• Tank coating and Water ballast tank (No paint on top)

• Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2½

Segments

Objects

Surface preparation


? Organic Zinc CoatingsOrganic Zinc Coatings

ChemistryChemistry

Mainly carbon atoms

consisting of crosslinked polymers

in a 3-dimensional network.

Molecule structure:Molecule structure:


? Inorganic and Organic Zinc CoatingsInorganic and Organic Zinc Coatings

ChemistryChemistry

Molecules : Silica, Oxygen and Zinc

Inorganic : Small molecules of metallic silicates such as sodium silicate

Organic : Small molecules of metallic silicates such as Ethyl-silicate cross-linked in a 3-dimensional network which is very insoluble and resistant


? Jotun’s Jotun’s Zinc Rich PaintsZinc Rich Paints

• Barrier (Epoxy)

• Jotabar ZEP (Epoxy)

• Jotacoat 5 (Alkali-silicate, inorganic)

• Prosil ZSP (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)

• Resist GTI (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)

• Resist 78 (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)

• WaterFine Zn Primer (Alkali-silicate, inorganic)


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Heat resistant paintsHeat resistant paints


? Aluminium Silicone PaintsAluminium Silicone Paints

PropertiesProperties• Pure aluminium silicone:

Resistant up to approximately 600°C

• Modified aluminium silicone:

Resistant up to approximately 400°C

• To be applied in thin coats only (20 µm)

Heavier coats may give blistering

Remember:

To be applied on Sa 2 ½

Overcoating only on fully cured Zinc silicate


? Jotun’s Jotun’s Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints

• Aluminium Paint HR (modified) : 250 º C

• Hot Temp Aluminium (modified): 600 º C

• Hot Temp Zinc (modified): 500 º C

• Sølvalitt (modified): 600 º C

• Sølvalitt Zinc (modified): 400 º C


? Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints


• Pure and modified Aluminium Silicone paints are heat resistant from 250 and up to 600 ºC.

• The exact temperature limit depends on the degree of modification

• Addition of Zinc pigments will improve the temperature resistance. Usually, up to 400 ºC.



Surface Preparation and Typical SystemsSurface Preparation and Typical Systems

Surface preparation: Blast-cleaning to Sa 2 ½

Dry conditions at 600 ºC:

2 x 20 m Sølvalitt

Corrosive environments at 400 ºC:

1 x 30 m Sølvalitt Zn + 2 x 20 m Sølvalitt

or

1- 2 x 20 m Sølvalitt on 50 to 80 m Resist GTI (Zinc -ethylsilicate)



Where to UseWhere to Use

• On objects exposed to high temperatures. Temperature range: 120 - 600 ºC.

• In corrosive environments:

Use a Zinc primer (Zinc -ethyl silicate or heat resistant Zinc primer




• Apply only thin coats, approx. 20 - 25 m

• Thicker coats may give blistering

• Pure Aluminium Silicone is tacky at ambient temperature. Becomes hard after 1 hour at 230 ºC. (post curing)


?What Is Waterborne Paint?What Is Waterborne Paint?

Binder can be dissolved in water (stoving enamel)

Binder can be dispersed in water (air drying paints)


? Why Water Borne Coatings ?Why Water Borne Coatings ?

Concern about pollution of the environment

Reduce the emission of solvents


? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints

Is water the only solvent ?Is water the only solvent ?

No !No !

Dependant on the choice of binder small amounts of special solvent (coalescing agent), emulsifiers or plastizers are added.



Advantages of Water as Main DiluentAdvantages of Water as Main Diluent

• Lower emission of solvents

• Improved working environment

• Thinner and cleaner coming out of the water tap



Generic Binders UsedGeneric Binders Used

• Acrylic (styrene acrylic)

• Alkyd

• Epoxy

• Polyurethane

• Styrene - butadiene

• Vinyl chloride


? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics Drying Mechanism Dispersion PaintsDrying Mechanism Dispersion Paints

• Evaporation of water

• The coalescing (melting together) of the

binder


? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics

What is a dispersion ?What is a dispersion ?

The binder is present in the shape of small, droplets (insoluble “balls”) that, by special chemistry, are kept suspended in water without melting together.

Size of droplets: 0,1 - 1 microns



Addition of Solvents and PlasticizersAddition of Solvents and Plasticizers

• If particles are soft at application temperature, they will melt together to a coherent film.

• When hard at this temperature, they will not melt together and give a cracked film.

Why do we need small amounts of special solvents / plasticizers?


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Wet condition

Progressed drying

Perfect film formation Insufficient film formation

Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics Film Formation From DispersionsFilm Formation From Dispersions


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Aqueous dispersionon surface

Steel

Steel

Steel

Close packed spheres with water filled voids

Continuous polymer coating

Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics

Drying process / film formationDrying process / film formation

Drying process/film formationfrom aqueous dispersion



Technical PropertiesTechnical Properties

• Properly chosen formulations may provide corrosion protection as good as solvent borne acrylics.

• Excellent adhesion to metals such as aluminium, galvanised steel and stainless steel.

• Gloss and colour retention may be better (acrylics).

• High degree of flexibility (acrylics).





• Reduce the emission of solvents

• Low VOC content

• Flash point above 100 ºC

• Water as thinner / cleaner

• Good water resistance

• Good UV - resistance

• Good adhesion to other generic type of paints

• No risk of saponification




• Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion)

• Slower drying compared to solvent based types

• Need air flow (good ventilation)

• Need good pre-treatment

• Less chemical resistance


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1 2 3 40

Litres of solvent

5101520253035

1. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + solvent borne acrylic, 80 microns 2. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + waterborne acrylic 80, microns 3. Vinyl coating, 2 x 60 microns 4. Waterborne primer, 60 microns + waterborne topcoat, 60 microns

Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics

Comparable Solvent EmissionComparable Solvent Emission


?How to Make Epoxy HydrophilicHow to Make Epoxy Hydrophilic

The epoxy resin and the curing agent is made hydrophilic by adding

an emulsifier


?Film FormationFilm Formation

• Evaporation of water

• The paint film has to flow together (coalescence) before evaporation of solvents

• Crosslinking

Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy


? Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy



• Reduce the emission of solvents

• Low VOC content

• Flash point above 100 ºC

• Water as thinner / cleaner (up to 20 %)

• Good water resistance

• Cures down to 5 ºC

• Good adhesion to steel, galvanized steel, Aluminium and concrete

• Good sprayability with airless spray


? Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy


• Need air flow (good ventilation at high humidity)

• Must be stored above 0 ºC• Shorter potlife compared with solvent borne

• The same health hazards as solvent borne related to Epoxy

• Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion)

• Dependent on temperature and humidity for drying and curing


? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints ApplicationApplication

It is important that the application, drying and coalescing conditions are

controlled.

Important parameters

• Temperature

• Relative humidity

• Ventilation


? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints Ideal Guidelines for ApplicationIdeal Guidelines for Application

1. To avoid dry spraying• Relative humidity 40 - 60 %

• Temperature 10 - 25 oC

2. Drying stage• Relative humidity < 60 %


• Ventilation

Sufficient to keep relative humidity below 60 %

near the surface


? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints Compromise guidelinesCompromise guidelines

• Relative humidity 30 - 85 %


• Ventilation:

1. Sufficient to keep the relative humidity between 30 and 85 % close to the surface.

2. Better ventilation is required at a relative humidity in the range of 60 - 85 %

NOTE:NOTE: Product dependent


?

Recommende conditionsduring application anddrying

Application anddrying possible

Application notrecommended

10 20 30 40 50 6010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Temperature ( oC)

Relative humidity (%)

Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints

Conditions during applicationConditions during application



Typical SystemsTypical SystemsThe WaterFine system (Corrosion class 4)

1 x 40 m DFT WaterFine Zn Primer

1 x 90 m DFT WaterFine Special


1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat

Example of a hybrid system:

1 x 200 m DFT Jotamastic 87 Al





Typical SystemsTypical Systems

System for Corrosion class 3 - 4:

2 x 100 m DFT WaterFine Primer


System for Corrosion class 1 - 2:

1 - 2 x 60 m DFT Ferrotex Primer



? JOTUN’S JOTUN’S Water Borne ProductsWater Borne Products• Ferrotex primer

(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Topcoat

(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Topcoat, semi-gloss

(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Primer

(2-component epoxy)• WaterFine Zn Primer

(2-component, inorganic Zinc silicate)• WaterFine ZEP

(3-component epoxy Zinc primer)• WaterFine HB

(2-component epoxy intermediate coat)• WaterFine Special

(2-component epoxy intermediate coat)


?

Reinforced Vinyl esterReinforced Vinyl ester


? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings

Glass-flake reinforced Vinylester coating

for protection of steel and concrete

in aggressive environments.




• Very fast curing

• Very good adhesion

• Very good abrasion resistance



• Can be applied by normal airless spray

• Glass-flakes improve abrasion resistance




Very good chemical resistance

Especially at higher temperatures• Acids

• Alkalies

• Oils

• Lead free petrol

• Drilling mud

• Process waste water

• Brine




• Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes)

• Overcoating interval:

- Min. 2 hours, max. 24 hours.

• Limited shelf-life

- Approximately 6 months at 23 ºC

• Dependent on temperature during application

• Only to be applied on blast-cleaned steel (Sa 2 ½ )


? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester CoatingsWhere To Use Where To Use

• Storage tanks

• Cargo tanks

• Pipelines

• Concrete reservoirs

• Chemical plants– interior

– exterior


? ChemflakeChemflake

Temperature and Degree Temperature and Degree of Cureof Cure

Product Degree ofcure (%)

Curingtime(days)

Curing

temp (°C)

Degree ofcure (%)

Product

Chemflake Special and

Chemflake CV

ChemflakeClassic

77828796989899

1727172717

25

65

82

78858895979999

At 25 °C , 27 days of curing is needed to reach 90 % cureAt 65 °C , one day of curing gives 95 % cure

Fully cured Chemflake is only obtained by one day curing at 82 °C

The resistance to strong solvents and small molecules improves with the degree of cure


? Application ofApplication ofPolyester and Vinyl ester coatingsPolyester and Vinyl ester coatings

• Capacity of pump, min. 12 l/min (airless)

• Material hose: 3/8”

• Use teflon packings

• Nozzle: 0,035-0,053

Angle 40 - 80 o

• Remove filters

• Check the W.F.T.

• Check ventilation, light etc.

• Thinner No. 17 or 15, Acetone for flushing or cleaning

• Only on blast-cleaned steel

• Proper mixing

• Short potlife



Potlife PotlifeVinyl esters are more reactive than epoxy coatings• shorter pot life

• faster cure

• temperature sensitive

Pot life is adjusted according to ambient temperature

• low temperature applications (15-20 oC) increase amounts of Acc. 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11 type)

• high temperature applications (25-35 oC) decrease amounts of Acc 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11) add Norpol Inhibitor No. 9853.


? Norpol Norpol CatalystsCatalysts

• Norpol Catalyst No. 1– longer gel time

– some foaming

– Baltoflakes/Chemflakes

• Norpol Catalyst No. 11– shorter gel time

– less foaming

– Chemflakes


? The Function of Glass The Function of Glass FlakesFlakes

• Multilayers of flakes in the film

– approx. 100 layers in a 1000 microns film

• Barrier against water and chemicals

• Minimize volumetric shrinkage

• Improves adhesion to substrate



Touch-Up Set Touch-Up Set

• Added to Vinyl esters to provide brush quality

• For stripe coating– sharp edges

– corners

– welding seems

• Delivered as 0,5 kg in 3 litre tin


? Exposure Environments Exposure Environments for a Paint Systemfor a Paint System

Storage tanksStorage tanks

• Long time exposure

Cargo tanksCargo tanks

• Short time exposure to different chemicals



Clear VarnishClear Varnish

• Clear, thixotropic and pre-accelerated vinyl ester

• Sealer for concrete application

• Laminating resin– repairs

– reinforcement

• Improved Chemflake Clear– adhesion

– application



Required Pre-treatment and Typical SystemRequired Pre-treatment and Typical System

• Blast-cleaning to min. Sa 2 ½ (ISO 8501)

Roughness approximately 75 microns (50-100 µm)

• Typical system (Chemflake): 2 X 750 m

• Potlife: Approximately 45 min.


? Advantages of a Vinyl ester Advantages of a Vinyl ester compared with a Polyestercompared with a Polyester

• Slightly better acid resistance than Polyester

• Much better alkalie resistance than Polyester

• Better solvent resistance than Polyester

• Better resistance at elevated temperatures


? Jotun’sJotun’sVinyl Ester Coatings Vinyl Ester Coatings

• Chemflake Classic

• Chemflake Special

• Chemflake CV

• Chemclear

• Chemflake Touch-Up Set

The Jotun family of Vinyl esters consist of:


? Paint SystemsPaint Systems

• The selection of paint system based on the following:

• Substrata

• Surface Preparation

• Exposure

• Design Life

• Budget


?

• Thank You !

5 Paint Types

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