5. Environmental Regulations and Standards

5 - 1

5. Environmental Regulations and Standards

5.1. Environmental Standards Related to the Plant

5.1.1. Emission and Atmospheric Limitation

(1) Cambodian Standards

On 10 July 2000, the draft sub-decree on air pollution and noise control was

signed by the Prime Minister and entered into force. The sub-decree (a) sets

limits on emissions of air polluting substances and noise from stationary and mo-

biles sources, (b) sets standards for pollutant and noise levels in ambient air and

(c) sets standards for polluting substances in fuels.

Selected emission limits that are presented without reference to allowable quan-

tities of excess oxygen (that in World Bank guidelines are 15 % for gas turbines)

and pressure/temperature conditions for volume, are the following:

Parameter Allowable EmissionNOx 1000 mg/m3

SOx By separate substance SO2 500 mg/m3

SO3 35 mg/m3

H2SO4 35 mg/m3

Dust (SiO2) 100 mg/m3

VOC By separate substanceCO 1000 mg/m3

Selected ambient air quality standards are the following:

Parameter1-hr average

mg/m38-hr average

mg/m324-hr average

mg/m31-yr average

mg/m3

NO2 0.3 - 0.1 -SO2 0.5 - 0.3 0.1TSP - - 0.33 0.1CO 40 20 - -Ozone 0.2 - - -VOC (one by one)

5 - 2

The standard for maximum allowable concentration of sulfur in diesel oil is 0.2

percent. However, according to advice from the Director of the Air Pollution

Control Department of the Ministry of Environment, this standard can be relaxed

if emissions can be controlled to the levels specified above.

(2) Other International Standards of Possible Interest

The World Bank’s position on emission guidelines for new thermal power plants

of 50 MWe or larger is stated as follows in the “Pollution Prevention and Abate-

ment Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants” beginning on page

416:

“Emission levels for the design and operation of each project must be estab-

lished through the EA process on the basis of country legislation and the

Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, as applied to local condi-

tions. The emission levels selected must be justified in the EA and ac-

ceptable to the World Bank Group.…

“In general, for low-sulfur (less than 1 % S), high-calorific-value fuels,

specific controls may not be required….

“The maximum emissions levels given here can be consistently achieved by

well-designed, well-operated, and well-maintained pollutions control sys-

tems…The maximum emissions levels are expressed as concentrations to fa-

cilitate monitoring. Dilution of air emissions to achieve these guidelines is

unacceptable. Compliance with ambient air quality guidelines should be as-

sessed on the basis of good engineering practice (GEP) recommenda-

tions…Plants should not use stack heights less than the GEP recommended

values unless air quality impact analysis has taken into account building

downwash effects…Normally GEP stack height = H + 1.5L, where H is the

height of nearby structures and L is the lesser dimension of either height or

projected width of nearby structures….

“The guidelines presented in…[the following table] are to be used only for

carrying out an environmental assessment in the absence of local ambient

standards. They were constructed as consensus values taking particular ac-

5 - 3

count of WHO, USEPA, and EU standards and guidelines. They do not in

any way substitute for a country’s own ambient air quality standards.

Particulate matter (PM). “For all plants or units, PM emissions (all sizes)

should not exceed 50 mg/Nm3. The EA should pay specific attention to par-

ticulates smaller than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) in the airshed,

since these are inhaled into the lungs and are associated with the most seri-

ous effects on human health. Where possible, ambient levels of fine par-

ticulates (less than 2.5 µm in diameter) should be measured.”

Sulfur dioxide. “Total sulfur dioxide emissions form the power plant or unit

should be less than 0.20 metric tons per day (tpd) per MWe of capacity for

the first 500 MWe, plus 0.10 tpd for each additional MWe of capacity over

500 MWe. In addition, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gases

should not exceed 2,000 mg/Nm3…(For oil, flue gas dry 3 % excess oxygen

– assumes 270 Nm3/GJ. The oxygen level in engine exhausts and combus-

tion turbines is assumed to be 15 % dry.), with a maximum emissions level

of 500 tpd.”

Nitrogen oxides. “The specific emissions limits for nitrogen oxides

are…460 mg/Nm3…[or 130 nanograms per joule (ng/J), or 225 parts per

million parts (ppm)] for an oil-fired plant….For combustion turbine units,

the maximum NOx emissions levels are 125 mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen)

for gas, 165 mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen) for diesel (No. 2 oil); and 300

mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen) for fuel oil (No. 6 and others)…Where there

are technical difficulties, such as scarcity of water available for water injec-

tion, an emissions variance allowing a maximum emissions level of up to

400 mg/Nm3 dry (at 15 % oxygen) is considered acceptable, provided there

are no significant environmental concerns associated with ambient levels of

ozone or nitrogen dioxide.”

Monitoring and reporting. “Maintaining the combustion temperature and

the excess oxygen level within the optimal band is which particulate matter

and NOx emissions are minimized simultaneously ensures the greatest ener-

gy efficiency and the most economic plant operation. Monitoring should

therefore aim at achieving this optimal performance as consistently as possi-

5 - 4

ble. Systems of continuous monitoring of particulate matter, sulfur oxides,

and nitrogen oxides in the stack exhaust can be installed and are desirable

whenever their maintenance and calibration can be ensured. Alternatively,

surrogate performance monitoring should be performed on the basis of initial

calibration…” and supported direct measurements to validate surrogate

monitoring results. Automatic air quality monitoring systems measuring

PM10, SOx and NOx should be installed outside the plant boundary where

maximum ambient concentrations are expected or where there are sensitive

receptors.

As part of the Framework Convention Climate Change, countries should es-

timate their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) on the basis of chemical

composition of the fuel (or by direct measurement)

There are special limitations (including offset requirements) for plants in degrad-

ed airsheds, plants larger than 500 MW and areas where long-range transport of

acid pollutants is concern. These limitations do not appear to be applicable to the

proposed project.

In the General Environmental Guidelines chapter of the Pollution Prevention and

Abatement Handbook, the World Bank states that “to ensure that ambient air

conditions are not compromised, concentrations of contaminants, measured im-

mediately outside the project property boundary [for projects in general] should

not exceed the limits shown in the following table:

Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3)

Particulate matter

Annual arithmetic mean

Maximum 24-hour average

50

70

Nitrogen oxides

Maximum 24-hour average 150

Sulfur oxides

Annual arithmetic mean

Maximum 24-hour average

50

125

5 - 5

More specific standards for ambient ground-level concentrations of pollutants as-

sociated with power plant projects (e.g., particulates, SOx, NOx, and ozone) are

not established by World Bank. Instead, the Bank cites reference values of other

organizations such as WHO, European Union and USEPA; and recommends that

“trigger values” (i.e., threshold level concentrations) be agreed on by the country

and the World Bank prior to the carrying out of the environmental assessment. A

trigger value should be lower than the county’s ambient standard and should not

be exceeded as a result of the project. If it is predicted to be exceeded as a result

of project implementation, then mitigation alternatives must be sought on a re-

gional or sectoral basis (e.g., through tradeoffs). Initial expectations are that trig-

ger values for ambient air quality will not be a problem for the proposed project

because of its clean fuel, small size and expected good design as well as the scar-

city of other major air pollution sources in the region.

5.1.2. Liquid Effluent Limitation

(1) Cambodia Standards

Cambodian general standards for liquid effluent discharges and for ambient con-

ditions are set forth in an April 6, 1999 Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control.

Special standards for protected areas are promised in a subsequent guideline to be

produced by the Ministry of Environment.

The Sub-Decree prohibits the discharge of untreated sewage, solid waste, garba-

ge or hazardous substances into public waters or drainage systems.

The Sub-Decree lists industries for which permits are required for the discharge

or transport of wastewater and power plants are included on that list. However, it

appears from Article 12 that new sources that have an approved EIA report are

exempt from the permitting process.

The Sub-Decree lists hazardous substances. Oil and petroleum are included on

the list in two ways; (i) as persistent mineral oil and hydrocarbons of petroleum

origin and (ii) as non-persistent mineral oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum ori-

gin.

5 - 6

Discharge limits for selected substances that are applicable to the proposed pro-

ject are summarized in the following table:

Allowable Limits for PollutantSubstance Discharging to

Parameters UnitsProtected Public

Water AreaPublic Water Area

And Sewer

Temperature °C < 45 < 45

PH 6-9 5-9

BOD5 mg/l < 30 < 80

COD mg/l < 50 < 100

Total Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 < 80

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 1000 < 2000

Grease and Oil mg/l < 5.0 < 15

Detergents mg/l < 5.0 < 15

Nitrate mg/l < 10 < 20

Chlorine (free) mg/l < 1.0 < 2.0

Chloride (ion) mg/l < 500 < 700

Sulfate (as SO4) mg/l < 300 < 500

Phosphate (PO4) mg/l < 3.0 < 6.0

Iron (Fe) mg/l < 1.0 < 20

Chromium (Cr+3) mg/l < 0.2 < 1.0

Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l < 0.05 < 0.5

Copper (Cu) mg/l < 0.2 < 1.0

Lead (Pb) mg/l < 0.1 < 1.0

Nickel (Ni) mg/l < 0.2 < 1.0

Zinc (Zn) mg/l < 1.0 < 3.0

Ammonia (NH3) mg/l < 5.0 < 7.0

Dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/l > 2.0 >1.0

Ambient water quality standards for public water areas and for bio-diversity con-

servation that are relevant for the proposed project are presented in the following

tables:

a) River

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Parameters Units Standard Value

PH 6.5 – 8.5

BOD5 mg/l 1 – 10

Suspended Solids mg/l 25 – 100

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l 2.0 – 7.5

Coliform bacteria MPN/100 ml <5000

b) Lakes and Reservoirs


PH 6.5 – 8.5

COD mg/l 1 – 8

Suspended Solids mg/l 1 – 15



Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.1 – 0.6

Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.005 – 0.05

c) Coastal Water


PH 7.0 – 8.3

COD mg/l 2 – 8



Oil content mg/l 0

Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.2 – 1.0

Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.02 – 0.09

Selected water quality standards in public water areas for public health protection

include the following substances, which could be relevant for the project:


Lead µg/l < 10

Chromium (Cr+6) µg/l < 50


5 - 8

The World Bank’s effluent limitations for power plants are set forth on page 419

of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as follows:


PH 6 – 9

TSS mg/l 50

Oil and grease mg/l 10

Total residual chlorine mg/l 0.2

Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5

Copper mg/l 0.5

Iron mg/l 1.0

Zinc mg/l 1.0

Temperature increase ° C ≤ 3

“Chlorine shocking may be preferable [to continuous chlorination] in certain cir-

cumstances. This involves using high chlorine levels for a few seconds rather

than a continuous low-level release. The maximum value is 2 mg/l for up to 2

hours, not to be repeated more frequently than once in 24 hours, with a 24-hour

average of 0.2 mg/l. (The same limits apply to bromine and flourine.)

“The effluent temperature should result in a temperature increase of no more than

3°C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place. Where

the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge when there

are no sensitive aquatic ecosystems within this distance.

“The pH and temperature of the wastewater discharges should be monitored con-

tinuously. Levels of suspended solids, oil and grease, and residual chlorine

should be measured daily, and heavy metals and other pollutants in wastewater

discharges should be measured monthly if treatment is provided.”

5 - 9

5.1.3. Solid Waste Disposal Limitation


Cambodian general guidelines on solid waste management are set forth in an

April 27, 1999 Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management. The sub decree speci-

fies that:

- Hazardous waste materials include "oil waste from oil refinery, used of lubri-

cation oils, washing oils", "acid waste", "alkali waste", "combustion residues

from coal-fired power plants" and "soot and dust waste from incineration fa-

cilities, treating exhaust gas".

- Hazardous wastes shall be stored, transported and disposed of separately form

household wastes.

- The owner of the hazardous wastes shall be responsible for (i) temporary stor-

age in proper technique and safe manner; (ii) submitting quarterly reports of

the waste under storage; (iii) cooperating with authorities to monitor the

waste; and (iv) paying the analytical costs of the monitoring.

- Guidelines on the management of hazardous waste (and other solid wastes)

shall be established by the Ministry of Environment. However, such guideli-

nes are not included in the sub-decree and apparently do not yet exist.


The World Bank’s position on solid wastes from power plants is set forth on page

419 of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as

follows:

“Solid wastes, including ash and FGD sludges that do not leach toxic sub-

stances or other contaminants of concern to the environment may be dis-

posed in landfills or other disposal sites provided that they do not impact

nearby water bodies. Where toxics or other contaminants are expected to

leach out, they should be treated by, for example, stabilization before dis-

posal.”

5 - 10

5.1.4. Noise Limitation


Cambodian noise standards are included in the draft sub-decree on air pollution

and noise that was describe above in Section 5.1.1.

The sub-decree does not propose standards for stationary sources.

For limits on vehicles, all permissible levels are between 80 and 91 decibels

(dB(A)). Cars for less than 12 passengers are 80 decibels. Cars for more than 12

passengers are 85 decibels. Motorcycles are between 85 and 90 decibels. All

trucks are between 85 and 91 decibels.

Ambient noise levels are proposed for daytime, evening and nighttime as follows:

Period of TimeArea

06:00-18:00 18:00-22:00 22:00-06:00Quiet areas - Hospitals - Libraries - School - Kindergarten

45 40 35

Residential areas - Hotels - Administrative Offices - Houses

60 50 45

Commercial / service areas 70 65 50

Small industrial factoriesIntermingling in residential Areas

75 70 50

Noise control standards for workshops, factories and industries are proposed as

follows for noise levels and time intervals:

5 - 11

Noise Level (dB(A))Maximum Period of Time

(Hours)Level for Protective

Equipment

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

32

16

8

4

2

1

0.5

0.25

0.125

In areas with levels

above 80 (dB(A))


The World Bank’s position of noise control for power plants is set forth on page

419 of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as

follows:

“Noise abatement measures should achieve either the levels given below or a

maximum increase in background levels of 3 decibels (measured on the A

scale) [dB(A)]. Measurements are to be taken at noise receptors located out-

side the projected property boundary.

Maximum allowable log equivalent (hourlymeasurements, in dB(A)

ReceptorDay

07:00 – 22:00Night

22:00 – 07:00

Residential, institutional, educational

55 45

Industrial, commercial 70 70

5 - 12

5.2. Environmental Standards Applied to the Plant

(1) Emission and Atmospheric Limitation

The following Cambodian standards will be applied to the Plant.

Parameter Allowable Emission Comparisons

NOx 1000 mg/m3*IBRD = 125 mg/Nm3 for gas fuel, 165mg/Nm3 for diesel oil dry at 15% oxygen

Sox By separate substance*IBRD = 2,000 mg / Nm3 & 0.20 tpd /MWe

SO2 500 mg/m3*

SO3 35 mg/m3*

H2SO4 35 mg/m3*

Dust (SiO2) 100 mg/m3* IBRD total PM = 50 mg/Nm3

VOC By separate substance*

CO 1000 mg/m3*

* Dry at 15 % oxygen, 1.013 bar and 0 °C will be used although it is not specified

For ambient air quality the following Cambodian standards will also be applied,

with IBRD guideline values compared below in brackets:

Parameter1-hr average

mg/m38-hr average

mg/m324-hr average

mg/m31-yr average

mg/m3

NO2 0.3 - 0.1 -

SO2 0.5 - 0.3 0.1

TSP - - 0.33 0.1

CO 40 20 - -

Ozone 0.2 - - -

VOC (one by one)

Comparison using IBRD guideline values

NOx - - [0.150] -

SOx - - [0.125] [0.050]

TSP - - [0.070] [0.050]

5 - 13

Stack height minimum requirements to be applied, unless air quality simulations

demonstrate that plume downwash effects can be avoided with shorter stacks, are

World Bank’s good engineering practice (GEP) for minimum stack height. GEP

stack height = H + 1.5 L where H is the height of nearby structures and L is the

lesser dimension of either height or projected width of nearby structures. For the

present project description, H = 15 m, L = 15 m and GEP stack height would be

37.5 m.

(2) Liquid Effluent Limitation

The following Cambodian standards will be applied to the Plant.

Allowable LimitsParameters Units

Public Water Area and Sewer Comparisons

Temperature °C < 45 IBRD = change ≤ 3

PH 5-9 IBRD = 6-9

BOD5 mg/l < 80 -

COD mg/l < 100 -

Total Suspended Solids mg/l < 80 IBRD = 50

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 2000 -

Grease and Oil mg/l < 15.0 IBRD = 10

Detergents mg/l < 15.0 -

Nitrate mg/l < 20 -

Chlorine (free) mg/l < 2.0 IBRD = 0.2

Chloride (ion) mg/l < 700 -

Sulfate (as SO4) mg/l < 500 -

Phosphate (PO4) mg/l < 6.0 -

Iron (Fe) mg/l < 20.0 IBRD = 1

Chromium (Cr+3) mg/l < 1.0

Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l < 0.5IBRD = 0.5 total

Copper (Cu) mg/l < 1.0 IBRD = 0.5

Lead (Pb) mg/l < 1.0 -

Nickel (Ni) mg/l < 1.0 -

Zinc (Zn) mg/l < 3.0 IBRD = 1.0

Ammonia (NH3) mg/l < 7.0 -

Dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/l > 1.0 -

5 - 14

Discharge to waste water to Prey Treng Pond should be avoided. Ambient water

quality standards to be applied to coastal receiving waters are the following:

Coastal Water

Parameters and Units Standard Comparisons

PH 7.0 – 8.3 -

COD (mg/l) 2 – 8 -

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (mg/l) 2.0 – 7.5 -

Coliform bacteria (MPN/100 ml) <5000 -

Oil content (mg/l) 0 -

Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 0.2 – 1.0 -

Total Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.02 – 0.09 -

The size of the mixing zone for the thermal plume of the cooling water should

follow the recommendation of IBRD, so that the area of 3 ° C temperature rise

should not extend more than 100 m from the point of discharge of the cooling wa-

ter.

Chlorination of the cooling water should proceed as intermittent shocking rather

than continuous chlorination, unless shocking is demonstrated to be inadequate for

the Sihanoukville marine environment. With shocking, chlorine concentrations of

up to 2 mg/l are allowable for up to 2 hrs/day, with a maximum allowable 24-hour

average concentration of 0.2 mg/l. With continuous chlorination, the chlorine is

applied continuously at the concentration of 0.2 mg/l.

(3) Solid Waste Disposal Limitation

Cambodian guidelines for solid waste disposal remain to be developed. In the ab-

sence of these guidelines the following general approaches should be applied to the

project.

Efforts should be made to reduce the volume of solid waste requiring disposal by

sorting, salvaging and selling potential waste materials as much as possible. Ex-

amples of such materials are wood removed from the site by clearing and grubbing,

scrap metal, wooden form work, cement bags, and tires.

5 - 15

Further efforts should be made to reduce the volume of solid wastes by incinerat-

ing as much non-salvageable material as possible.

Solid waste that cannot be salvaged or incinerated should be sorted on the basis of

physical and chemical stability and risk of generating toxic leachates after disposal.

Stable material should be landfilled without treatment. Materials likely to generate

toxic leachates (for example, unused cement additives or spend resin cartridges)

should be separated on the basis of treatment requirement and chemically stabi-

lized before disposal in a landfill, to reduce the risk of leaching.

(4) Noise Limitation

Cambodian standards for noise limitation do not address noise emissions from sta-

tionary sources. Standards for ambient noise levels are very similar to World Bank

guidelines, and are applied to the project as follows:

At site boundaries and in adjacent areas that are dedicated to commercial and in-

dustrial uses, project- induced sound levels should not exceed 70 dB(A) at any

time of the day.

At the house that is nearest to the site boundary, project-induced sound levels

should not exceed 50 dB(A) between 22:00 and 6:00, 70 dB(A) between 18:00 and

22:00 and 75 dB(A) between 06:00 and 18:00.

There are no quiet areas such as hospitals, schools or libraries near the project site.

5.3. Environmental Guidelines Applied to EIA Preparation

The legal framework and specific mandates for carrying out environmental impact as-

sessment studies and reports in Cambodia are specified in the Ministry of Environ-

ment’s August 11, 1999 Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process.

The following provisions of the sub-decree should be addressed in the EIA and mitiga-

tion and monitoring plans:

- The sub-decree has three objectives. (Article 1)

5 - 16

One of these is “to encourage public participation in the environmental assessment

process in recognition that their [the public’s] concerns should be considered in the

project decision making process.” The other objectives involve defining the projects

to which EIA applies and determining that EIAs are approved by MoE before pro-

jects are submitted to the Royal Government for decision.

- The sub-decree requires an EIA for power plants of 5 MW or larger. (Annex)

- The project owner is required to prepare an Initial Environmental Impact Assess-

ment (IEIA) and submit an Environmetnal Application, with the pre-feasibility study

and IEIA, to MoE. (Articles 6 and 7)

A copy is to be provided to the Investment Approval Institution. (Article 14)

- For projects with serious impact, the owner is required to prepare an Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) and submit an Environmental Application, with the feasi-

bility study and EIA, to MoE at the same time that the investment application is

submitted to the Investment Approval Institution. (Articles 8, 9 and 16)

- MoE has responsibility to “evaluate and review the environmental impact assess-

ment reports in collaboration with other government ministries and agencies con-

cerned” and to take action to ensure that the Environmental Management Plan is im-

plemented during project construction, operation and closure. (Article 3)

- The project will be implemented by the project owner only after the receipt of the

IEIA or a full-scale EIA report approved by MoE. (Article 20).

- The Approval Institution shall give instructions to the project owner for the imple-

mentation of the Environmental Management Plan. (Article 27)

- MoE shall cooperate with relevant agencies to stop the activity of those projects

which fail to implement the Environmental Management Plan contained in the ap-

proved EIA report. (Article 28)

- Guidelines for IEIA and EIA will be developed by MoE. (Article 10)

5 - 17

- The project owner is required to submit a fee for reviewing EIA reports and moni-

toring project implementation. The amount of the fee is specified by the Ministry of

Economy and Finance according to the proposal of the MoE. (Article 11)

- The project owner is required to make a contribution to the Environmental Endow-

ment Fund. (Article 12)

Flow diagrams of the EIA approval process for existing and proposed projects have

been prepared by the Director of the EIA Department. The diagrams for proposed

projects are presented in Figures 4.3-1 through 4.3-3. A copy of the Environmental

Examination Application that must be submitted along with the EIA is presented in

Figure 4.3-4.

A draft guideline for the table of contents of an EIA (Table 5.3-1) report has been pre-

pared by the EIA Department, but remains to be approved.

Guidelines for payment of fees for reviewing EIA reports, monitoring project imple-

mentation and contributing to the Environmental Endowment Fund remain to be devel-

oped.

5 - 18

Table 5.3-1 Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports

(as specified by the Ministry of Environment draft guideline that was available in June 2001)

1. Executive Summary [called “Project Summary” in Cambodia guideline]

The project’s owner should describe in short form with identification of project’s goals

and main objectives, methodologies and key measures for reduction of environmental

impacts in the EIA Report.

2. Introduction

- Type, size and location of the project

- Background of the project’s location

- Within the framework of national and international laws and legislation standards

3. Purpose of the Project

Project’s owner should clearly explain about purpose of the project for present and future.

4. Project Description.

- Briefing alternatives: size, location, time frame (stages of project construction, project

operation, and project abandon or closure) and sources of labor forces.

- The production process: sources and quantity of raw materials to be used and finished

products.

- Machinery requirement to run the project.

- Methodologies wastes disposals in order to determine any environmental impacts.

- Descriptions about the quantity and quality of solid and liquid waste to be disposed

and discharged, sources of noise and vibration resulting from the process of this proj-

ect (construction, operation) and the emission of particles into the atmosphere.

- Project planning

5. Description of the Environment

This part should be described all environmental resources needed such as:

Table 5.3-1 Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports (continued)

5 - 19

5.1 Physical Resources

- Air (speed, quality, regime, climate, meteorology)

- Water (groundwater, surface water, water quality, water quantity, currents).

- Land (soil quality, relief, geology)

5.2 Ecological Resources

- Biodiversity

- Fauna

- Flora

- Forests, etc.

5.3 Socio-Economic Resources

- Population and settlements

- Infrastructure

- Land use

- Public health and welfare

- Economic conditions [livelihood, profession and community]

- Custom, tradition and other group ethnic, etc.

6. Public Participation

All opinion given by the public in EIA process should be addressed for all of which can

be contributed to the decision making process. Public participation includes:

- Local authorities and institutions involved

- Opinion of the public towards the development project

- Consultation

- Company interpretation

7. Evaluation of Environmental Impact

All significant environmental impacts resulting from the project should be described in

this part which include:


5 - 20

7.1 Methodologies to identify the scope of the Environmental Impacts (by using the

matrix table)

7.2 Construction Stage Impacts

- Physical

- Biological

- Socio-Economic

7.3 Operation Stage Impacts

- Physical

- Biological

- Socio-Economic

7.4 Impacts of Decommissioning

- Physical

- Biological

- Socio-Economic

7.5 Extent and Type of Significant and Cumulative Environmental Impacts

8. Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures

Of the all environmental impacts stated above should be assessed by the project’s owner

in order to define a specific environmental impact mitigation measures.

- Construction Stage

- Operation Stage

9. Economic Analysis and the Environmental Value

10. Environmental Management Plan

The environmental management plan is an important program implemented by the proj-

ect’s owner and other institutions involved. These plans include:


5 - 21

10.1 Mitigation Program

- Construction stage

- Operation stage

- Decommissioning

10.2 Monitoring Program

- Construction stage

- Operation stage

- Decommissioning

10.3 Training Program

11. Institutional Capacity

In this part, the project’s owner should demonstrate that he has the institutional capacity

to carry out the work associated with the execution of the EIA, and the implementation

of the mitigation measures such as:

- Organization structure

- Budget / Schedule

- Staff skills

- Methodological tools and equipment

12. Conclusions and Recommendations

In this part, the project’s owner has to include over the assessment of environmental im-

pacts both positive and negative aspects with full accountability and responsibility in the

process of reporting the EIA as well as addressing some possible suggestions implicated

in the project.

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vest

men

t App

lica

tion

EE

A :

Env

iron

men

tal E

xam

inat

ion

App

lica

tion

Pre

pare

d by

: D

r. T

ea C

hup,

Dir

ecto

r E

IA D

epar

tmen

t, M

inis

try

of E

nvir

onm

ent

Fig

.5.3

-1

EIA

Pro

cess

for

Pro

pose

d P

roje

ct A

ppro

ved

by R

oyal

Gov

ern

men

t or

CD

C

PO

Sub

mit

sE

EA

& I

EIA

Rep

ort

to M

oEP

O S

ubm

its

to I

AC

DC

& S

ubm

its

Rev

ised

IE

IA o

rE

IA R

epor

t to

MoE

PO

Rev

ises

IEIA

Rep

ort o

rP

repa

re E

IA R

epor

t

IEIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

s

EIA

Rep

ort

Req

uire

d

IEIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

MoE

Rev

iew

sIE

IA R

epor

t

IAC

onse

nts

IA n

eed

Rev

isio

n

CD

CC

DC

PO

Rev

ises

IA &

EIA

Rep

ort

Roy

alG

over

nmen

tor

CD

CA

ppro

val

PO

Impl

emen

tsP

roje

ct&

EM

P

MoE

Rev

iew

sR

evis

edIE

IA o

r E

IAR

epor

t

IEIA

or

EIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

EIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

30 d

ays

30 d

ays

5 - 22

Not

e :

PO

:P

roje

ct's

Ow

ner

EIA

:E

nvir

onm

enta

l Im

pact

Ass

essm

ent

IEIA

:In

itia

l Env

iron

men

tal I

mpa

ct A

sses

smen

tE

MP

:E

nvir

onm

enta

l Man

agem

ent P

lan

EE

A :

Env

iron

men

tal E

xam

inat

ion

App

lica

tion

MoE

:M

inis

try

of E

nvir

onm

ent

Pre

pare

d by

: D

r. T

ea C

hup,

Dir

ecto

r E

IA D

epar

tmen

t, M

inis

try

of E

nvir

onm

ent

Fig

.5.3

-2

EIA

Pro

cess

for

Pro

pose

d P

roje

ct A

ppro

ved

by P

roje

ct's

Ow

ner

as

Min

istr

y an

d In

stit

uti

on

PO

Sub

mit

sE

EA

& I

EIA

Rep

ort

to M

oE

PO

Sub

mit

sR

evis

ed I

EIA

or

EIA

Rep

ort t

o M

oE

PO

Rev

ises

IEIA

Rep

ort o

rP

repa

re E

IA R

epor

t

PO

Rev

ises

EIA

Rep

ort

PO

App

rova

l

PO

Impl

emen

tsP

roje

ct&

EM

P

MoE

Rev

iew

sR

evis

edIE

IA o

r E

IAR

epor

t

IEIA

or

EIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

EIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

IEIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

s

EIA

Rep

ort

Req

uire

d

IEIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

MoE

Rev

iew

sIE

IA R

epor

t

30 d

ays

30 d

ays

5 - 23

Not

e :

PO

: P

roje

ct's

Ow

ner

EE

A :

Env

iron

men

tal E

xam

inat

ion

App

lica

tion

IEIA

: I

niti

al E

nvir

onm

enta

l Im

pact

Ass

essm

ent

EIA

: E

nvir

onm

enta

l Im

pact

Ass

essm

ent

EM

P :

Env

iron

men

tal M

anag

emen

t Pla

nP

UA

: P

rovi

ncia

l Urb

an A

utho

riti

esP

UE

D :

Pro

vinc

ial U

rban

Env

iron

men

tal D

epar

tmen

tP

repa

red

by :

Dr.

Tea

Chu

p, D

irec

tor

EIA

Dep

artm

ent,

Min

istr

y of

Env

iron

men

t

Fig

.5.3

-3

EIA

Pro

cess

for

Pro

pose

d P

roje

ct A

ppro

ved

by P

rovi

nci

al-U

rban

Au

thor

itie

s

PO

Sub

mit

sE

EA

& I

EIA

Rep

ort

to P

UE

D

PO

Sub

mit

sR

evis

ed I

EIA

or

EIA

Rep

ort t

oP

UE

D

PO

Rev

ises

IEIA

Rep

ort o

rP

repa

re E

IA R

epor

t

PO

Rev

ises

EIA

Rep

ort

PU

AA

ppro

val

PO

Impl

emen

tsP

roje

ct&

EM

P

PU

ED

Rev

ises

Rev

ised

IE

IA o

rE

IAR

epor

t

IEIA

or

EIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

s

EIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

IEIA

Rep

ort

Con

sent

s

EIA

Rep

ort

Req

uire

d

IEIA

Rep

ort

need

sR

evis

ion

PU

ED

Rev

iew

sIE

IA R

epor

t

30 d

ays

30 d

ays

5 - 24

5. Environmental Regulations and Standards

Documents

Transcript of 5. Environmental Regulations and Standards