Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel

Efficiency through the

Introduction of Eco-Drive

Management System (EMS)

ALMEC CORPORATION

under MOEJ/GEC

Feasibility Study Program on Bilateral Offset Credit

Mechanism (BOCM) in 2012

23 August 2012

Melia Hotel, Hanoi City

Due to rapid motorization, the number of passenger cars and

taxis have grown 10 times in the past 10 years in Hanoi.

Mobile phones, especially smart phones have been

popularized in Hanoi City.

Japan has much experience and know-how on eco-drive. In

addition, Eco-drive Management System (EMS) has

undergone much technology development in recent years.

Background

1. Conduct of Feasibility Study on improvement of vehicle/ fuel

efficiency through the introduction of EMS to taxis in Hanoi

2. Development of a Measurement, Reporting, Verification

(MRV) scheme applicable to Bilateral Offset Credit

Mechanism (BOCM) for improvement of vehicle/ fuel

efficiency of taxis

Objective

Number of registered cars in Hanoi

Rapid increase is seen in recent years

Source: Hanoi Traffic Police, 2011

From 2007 to present,

registered cars are rapidly

increasing due to the increase

of people’s income and

affordability.

Number of registered taxis in Hanoi

Source: Hanoi Department of Transport, 2011

From 2003 to 2012,

registered taxis have

increased by about 10 times.

2003 06 07 08 09 2012 11 10

2000

10000

18000

0

6000

14000

10 times increase in past 10 years

2,000

1,2001,000

700500 500

300

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Hanoi

Taxi Group

Mai Linh

JSC

Thien

Phong Ltd.

Ba Sao

Group

Manh

Truong Binh Ltd.

Thanh

Nga JSC

PV Trans

Number of taxis by company

There are 114 taxi companies and

17,500 taxis in Hanoi City.

The top 7 companies account for

35% of the total share.

Hanoi Taxi Group has the largest share

Growth of mobile phone subscribers

The number of subscribers is

1.34 times higher than the

number of population

(population in Vietnam is

87.84 million people).

Source: MIC and General Statistics Office, 2011

117.6

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Mobile phone subscribers have increased

by 6 times in the past 5 years

Share of Smart Phone OS in

First Quarter of 2012 in Vietnam

- Smartphone’s share

goes up from 10% in

2010 to 34% in 2011.

- Android leads the smart

phone operating system

market, accounting for

79% of total share.

Source: Information Development Center Vietnam, 2012

Android

79%

Symbian,

iOS,Windows…

21%

“Android” is leading the Smart Phone

Operating System market in Vietnam

Driving patterns and Eco-driving In Japan, eco-driving training is conducted for

4 driving modes: starting, accelerating,

decelerating, and stopping

What is the effect of Eco-Drive ?

According to the case in Japan, 26% of

mileage improvement can be expected

Project Activities

Conduct of Feasibility Study on

mileage improvement project

through the introduction of EMS

to taxis in Hanoi

Introduction of EMS to taxis

Conduct of Eco-drive training

Development of a Measurement,

Reporting, Verification (MRV)

scheme applicable to Bilateral

Offset Credit Mechanism (BOCM)

for improving mileage and

efficiency of taxis

Assessment of feasibility

Study of applicability

Study of reference scenario

Monitoring

Quantifying emission reduction

effects

6 3L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E

Study scheduling

(1) Site Survey

(2)Data and InformationsCollection

(3) MRV Methodology

(4)Quantify GHGemission Reduction

(5) Feasibility Study

(6) Reporting

Monthly Report ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Interim Report(2012/9/20)

▲

DF/R(2013/1/10) ▲

F/R(2013/3/44) ▲

Interim Review(2012 early Nov.)

▲

2012 20137 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

Overall Study Schedule

Part I

Conduct of Feasibility Study on

improvement of vehicle/ fuel

efficiency through the introduction

of EMS to taxis in Hanoi

Improve vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis in Hanoi by

introducing Japanese Eco-drive management system

(EMS) device and Eco-drive training to taxi drivers.

10 units of EMS devices were installed in the Study.

Monitoring Emission Reduction

1.install EMS device

CO2 EMS

Collect and analyze

driving records (Before)

Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel Efficiency through the

Introduction of Eco-Drive Management System

Outline of GHG Mitigation Activities

2.Eco-drive training

Improve driving skills and enhance

awareness of eco-driving

3.Eco-drive in practice

CO2 EMS

Collect and analyze

driving records (After)

Outline of EMS Device

Android smart phones are used to collect and display the fuel

consumption (FC) and other driving situation data (DSD) on real-time

basis.

Using popular smart-phones as an EMS device offers inexpensive

and effective eco-drive system to taxi companies in developing

countries.

1. OBD2 Scanner (Bluetooth)

Install OBD2 scanner (Bluetooth) device to OBD2 (On Board

Diagnosis II) connector (located under driving handle)

Data is transmitted from the connector to Andriod smart phones

via Bluetooth system (wireless)

OBD2 Scanner EMS Device (Smartphone)

Outline of EMS Device

Outline of EMS Device

2. Smart phones

EMS is an application tool for Android smart phones.

The EMS device can help drivers to practice Eco-Drive by

providing information on driving situations and alerting for

sudden acceleration or breaks.

Example of data that can be provided (total 55): instantaneous

fuel consumption, average fuel consumption, acceleration,

GPS location, eco-drive diagnosis points, etc.

(Ex.) display FC and DSD

Eco-Drive Training Example of Eco-Drive Training program in Japan managed by ECCJ. (Energy Conservation Centre Japan)

Review Session

Lecture

Learning Eco-Drive

Part II

Development of a MRV scheme

applicable to BOCM for improving

vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis

Framework of GHG Emission Reduction

Activities in Transport Sector

Scope: Passenger Transport

To be considered separately

Indicator：pkm/tkm Increased transit efficiency Indicator: pkm/tkm

Increased vehicle/ fuel efficiency Indicator: km

Comparison: Operating vehicles of same transport mode

Comparison:

Operating transport

modes

Comparison: Comparable vehicles

Operating Modus : Urban or suburban passenger transit

Increase Efficiency Shift to Low Carbon

Modes

Reduce Traffic

Volume

Source: Draft of Guidelines Standardized Baselines For The Transport Sector (July 2012, Grutter Consulting AG, UNFCC)

Possible activities

for taxi Increase occupation rate

Optimal vehicle arrangement

Route selection

Reduce vacant cars

Usage of low carbon fuel

Vehicle improvement

Driver training (Eco-drive)

Emission reductions are calculated as the difference between the

reference emission factor (EF) and the monitored project EF multiplied

with the activity level (driving distance) of the project vehicle.

Table Monitoring Data Requirements and Sources

Preliminary MRV Methodology

i

x

ixyxCOyxyxiyiVE NNEFNCVSFCREF /,,,2,,,,, 　

Where REFVEi,y = Reference emission factor for vehicle/fuel efficiency measures

SFCi,x,y = Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category I using fuel type x

NCVx,y = Net calorific value of fuel type x in year y

EFCO2,x,y= Carbon emission factor for fuel type x in year y

Ni = No. of vehicles of category I reference scenario

Nx,i = No. of vehicles in vehicle category i using fuel type x reference

Parameter Description Data source(s)

Ni,x/Ni Share of vehicles of category i using fuel type x Vehicles registration statistics

SFCi,x Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category i Company data, surveys, default

NCVx Net calorific value of fuel type x IPCC default value

EFCO2,x CO2 emission factor of fuel type x IPCC default value

In case of 1,000 taxi practices, Eco-Drive results in 10% of fuel

efficiency improvement and nearly 1,000 tonCO2/ year of GHG

emission reduction is expected.

It equivalent to 400 KL/ year or 400 L/ year/ taxi of fuel consumption

reduction

parameter unit value source

SFCi,y l/km 0.08 assumption (HTG Vios)

NCVy J/g 42,500 IPCC default value lower boundary

d g/l 783 assumption

EFCO2,y gCO2/j 67.5x10-6 IPCC default value lower boundary

REFVE,i,y gCO2/km 179.70

Annual mileage(km)

Effect of Eco-Drive

Number of vehicles

Fuel saved (KL)

GHG Emission Reduction (tCO2/y)

50,000 10% 1,000 400 898.5

50,000 5% 20,000 4,000 8,985

50,000 10% 20,000 8,000 17,970

Expected GHG Reductions

Vehicle/ fuel efficiency in urban and

suburban areas

The level of vehicle/ fuel efficiency improvement is different by area.

Normally efficiency improvement is greater in suburban areas.

The city is divided into a 1km mesh for detailed analysis.

Urban

Suburban

Village

National

Provincial

Driving route

Vehicle/ fuel efficiency in urban and

suburban areas

Comparison of vehicle/

fuel efficiency in urban

and suburban areas

zone2

zone1

5.34.5

0

3

6

zone1 zone2

mileage(km)

15.6

29.2

0

15

30

zone1 zone2

speed(km/h)

6.75.2

0

4

8

zone1 zone2

fuel efficiency(L/100km)