4GReport Summary

8/6/2019 4GReport Summary

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The 4G report

2.3.6 Overlay NetworksAn overlay network is a virtual network that is implemented "on

top of" another network, typically for the purpose of performing a

specific function. Examples of overlay networks in the Internet

include virtual private networks (VPNs) and Peer-to-Peer

networks. The purpose of an overlay-network approach in 4G is to

integrate the variety of network access methods, providing

seamless communications access to users.

2.3.6.1 UAPsUniversal access points (UAPs) make up the primary point-of-

presence of an overlay network. When a user accesses a UAP,

the user's device selects a wireless network based on availability,

QoS specifications, and any other user-defined choices if

required. The UAP may store user, network, and device

information, capabilities, and preferences, and performs protocol

and frequency translation, content adaptation, and QoSnegotiation-renegotiation on behalf of the user. The overlay

network also performs handoffs as the user moves from one UAP

to another. Because UAPs can track resource usage by user, this

architecture provides one way of enabling single-source billing

and subscription.

Figure 3, on next page, provides an outline of an overlay

network.

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Table 2: Comparative specifications, WiMAX and WLAN technologies

Source: visiongain

Frequency Range Data transfer Number of

802.16a 2-11GHz 3-10km Fixed: up to 40Mbps Business: hundreds

(WiMAX) per channel

Mobile: up to 15 Mbps Residential: thousands

per channel

802.11 2.4GHz 100m 11 Mbps to 55 Mbps Dozens

(WLAN)

802.15 Varies ~10m 20Kbps to 55 Mbps Dozens

(Bluetooth)



The 4G reportnetwork, such as Wi-Fi, other 802.11 methods, Bluetooth and

other access methods yet to be developed. As long as the access

method in question supports addressable devices, it can be used

to access the network.

2.4.2 IPv6 Enables Wide Variety of AccessDevicesThe adoption of IPv6 will allow the acceptance of a wide variety of

devices onto the network. Devices will be developed for an

unlimited variety of tasks, of which voice-related applications will

be but one variant.

These heterogeneous devices will provide specialized functions

- that is, future mobile devices may perform only some of the

roles that today's mobile devices perform and several devices

(some mobile, some not) will work in concert to the benefit of the

user. For example, a stationary large-screen device may be

designed to sense the presence of a nearby mobile terminal

(known today as a "cell phone") and serve as its display on an

ad-hoc basis - depending on the preferences, capabilities, and

pre-existing business arrangements associated with the ownerof the mobile terminal.

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Table 3: Possible types of Access Devices in a 4G Environment

Source: visiongain

Type Of Device Architecture Application

General-purpose CPU, RAM, media and/or ports for Many possible applications enabled

mobile computer loading software by loaded software

Communications Baseband processor and DSP, Telephony

Device (phone) with FPGA and/or ASIC. Optimized

for voice and data communications.Advanced SDR for roaming.

Application - Lowest-cost processor and circuitry Used in the delivery of a specific

Specialized Device designed for specific application. service, such as health monitoring.

Software possibly burned in ROM.

Component SDR and logic required to provide Addition of communications

connectivity and data transfer capabilities to other devices, such as

consumer electronics, machinery,

automotive.



The 4G reportWireless Business Solutions (WBS), a South Africa mobile data

solutions provider, announced during July 2004 that it plans to

deploy ArrayComm's iBurst broadband wireless system

throughout the country. WBS expects to cover more than 80% of

the 45 million population of South Africa within three years,

through a phased deployment of iBurst base stations being

manufactured by Kyocera Corporation. WBS expects to begin

service during 2005 in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town and

Durban, with expansion to other urban areas soon thereafter.

3.1.3 NTT DoCoMo

DoCoMo, NEC and Fujitsu have proposed a technology for anorthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM)

system as a candidate for 4G which increases throughput to

1Gbps at a bandwidth of 100MHz. DoCoMo is also currently

experimenting with Variable Spreading Factor-Orthogonal

Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM).

DoCoMo expects VSF-OFCDM to enable transmission at up to

100Mbps outdoors and up to 1Gbps indoors.

During October 2002, DoCoMo announced the

completion of indoor experiments achieving data

transmission speeds of 100Mbps downstream and

20Mbps upstream. During June 2004, DoCoMo

announced the results of tests in which the

company had achieved an average rate of

135Mbps downstream, with a maximum data rate

of 300Mbps downstream, in a car running at the

speed of 30 kilometers per hour in areas 800m to 1km away from

the 4G wireless base stations. The test system used VSF-OFCDM

for the downstream link, and direct spread code division multiple

access system (DS-CDMA) for the upstream link. DoCoMo aims to

realize faster communication speeds by using MIMO technology.

The target wireless data rate is 1Gbps when in an isolated cell

and 100 Mbps when in the multi-cell environment. According to

DoCoMo, the companies aimed to achieve 1Gbps because the

conventional throughput of 100Mbps is inadequate for base

stations where there is a high concentration of communications

traffic in small areas, including the hotspot environment. An

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Table 7: DoCoMo details

Source: NTT DoCoMo

2004 Sales ($ millions): 48,455.2

1-Year Sales Growth: 19.0%

2004 Net Income: 6,239.3

2004 Employees: 21,241



The 4G report

5.4 4G Services and ApplicationsServices uniquely enabled by 4G can be categorized into three

broad classes, corresponding to the distinctive differences of 4G

over 3G:

• High-Bandwidth-Based services;

• Peer-To-Peer-Based Services and

• Metadata-Based-Services.

5.4.1 High-Bandwidth-Based servicesHigh-bandwidth-based are directly enabled by the increased

bandwidth provided by 4G technologies.

• Mobile Teleconferencing. Teleconferencing services will

be enhanced by the ability to hold conferences while

mobile, and by the ability of each participant to select from

among a variety of available transport networks as

appropriate.

• Tele-Working. 4G will bring mobility capabilities to tele-

working. This will allow workers to conduct business in a

fully mobile fashion, as compared to today's nomadic

usage mode (wherein users connect at remote locations

but not while traveling from location to location).

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Content / SvcProvider

MVNO

End User

InfrastructureProvider

Content

Mone

Figure 5: MVNO Business Model

Source: visiongain

4GReport Summary

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