4.A.3 Cell Specialization Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result...
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Transcript of 4.A.3 Cell Specialization Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result...
![Page 1: 4.A.3 Cell Specialization Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result in specialization of cells, tissues and organs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d355503460f94a0c9e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
4.A.3 Cell Specialization
Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result in
specialization of cells, tissuesand organs.
![Page 2: 4.A.3 Cell Specialization Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result in specialization of cells, tissues and organs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d355503460f94a0c9e9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
During the development of an embryo, cells differentiate into specialized cell types that perform specific functions
within tissues and organs.
Stem Cells
Specialized Cells
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Genomic Equivalence: Nearly all the cells of an organism have the same genome. Cells differentiate through differential gene
expression.
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This process is initiated by external and internal cues that trigger regulation of
gene expression.
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Cell signaling helps direct daughter cells down the appropriate pathways, a process called induction. Cells induce neighboring
cells to differentiate.
4
Anterior
EMBRYO
Posterior
ReceptorSignalprotein
Signal
Anteriordaughtercell of 3
Posteriordaughtercell of 3
Will go on toform muscle and gonads
Will go on toform adultintestine
12
43
3
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During induction, signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells.
Early embryo(32 cells)
NUCLEUSSignaltransductionpathway
Signalreceptor
Signalmolecule(inducer)
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Structural and functional
divergence of cells is due to
expression of genes specific to a particular tissue or
organ type.
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Environmental stimuli can affect gene expression in a mature cell by
triggering changes in transcription factors.
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Learning Objectives:
• LO 4.7 The student is able to refine representations to illustrate how interactions between external stimuli and gene expression result in specialization of cells, tissues and organs. [See SP 1.3]