4/6/20061 Are Sociologists Different? Findings from Social Science PhDs- 5+ Year Out: A National...
-
Upload
reynard-fields -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of 4/6/20061 Are Sociologists Different? Findings from Social Science PhDs- 5+ Year Out: A National...
4/6/2006 1
Are Sociologists Different? Findings from Social Science PhDs- 5+ Year Out: A National Study of PhDs in Six Social
Science Fields
Panel: Satisfaction with work in Sociology
Are Sociologists Different? Findings from Social Science PhDs- 5+ Year Out: A National Study of PhDs in Six Social
Science Fields
Panel: Satisfaction with work in Sociology
Emory MorrisonMaresi Nerad
Elizabeth Rudd
University of Washington, Seattle, Graduate School College of Education
American Sociological Association 2008 Annual Meeting, Boston , MA August 4, 2008
Center for Innovation and Research in Graduate Education
Source: CIRGE, University of Washington, ASA 2008 Annual Meeting, August 4, 2008 2
1. PhDs—Ten Years Later [1997]• 5,864 PhDs from 1983-1985 cohort: 66% response rate • Bio-Chemistry, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering,
English, Mathematics, Political Science• 61 doctoral granting institutions
2. PhDs in Art History—Over a Decade Later [2002]• 792 PhDs from 1985- 1991 cohort: 70% response rate• All 54 doctoral programs
3. Social Science PhDs—Five+ Years Out [2006]• 8,716 PhDs from 1995-1999 cohort: 45% response rate• Anthropology, Communication, Geography, History, Political
Science, Sociology• 65 doctoral granting institutions
CIRGE National PhD Career Path and Program
Evaluation Studies
3
Sociology in Comparison
1. Do career outcomes of sociology PhDs differ from those of other social science fields?
2. How well does sociology prepare doctoral students for fulfilling careers that make use of their graduate education?
3. Is there a gender difference in career outcome? If so, how can we explain it?
• Experience in graduate school• Marital and parental status
4
Social Science PhDs—Five+ Years Ford Foundation Funded
Survey Sample N (% women)
Anthropology 432 (56.5)Communication 343 (52.2)Geography 164 (32.3)History 839 (43.4)Political Science 701 (35.9)Sociology 546 (59.2)
Total 3025 (46.8)
5
Social Sciences PhDs 5+ Years OutJob Types at Survey
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Anth Comm Geog Hist Poli Sci Soc
Business
Gov't
Non-profit
Acad. Other
NTT
Ten track
Tenured
6
Job SatisfactionRatings of Intrinsic Job Dimensions
Sociology vs other 5 SS Fields
0
25
50
75
100S
oci
olo
gy
5 S
SF
ield
s
So
cio
log
y
5 S
SF
ield
s
So
cio
log
y
5 S
SF
ield
s
So
cio
log
y
5 S
SF
ield
s
So
cio
log
y
5 S
SF
ield
s
So
cio
log
y
5 S
SF
ield
s
IntellectualChallenge of
Work
Autonomy ofWork
Level ofResponsibility
Contributionto Society
Use ofDoctoral
Education
Fit WithAbilities
andInterests
Per
cen
t
Very Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied
7
Career Trajectory Years from PhD Completion to Stable Employment
Sample with Professorial Career Goal (78%): Sociology vs other 5 SS Fields
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Years From PhD
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
rop
ort
ion
To Stable Emp. (5 SS Fields) To Stable Emp. (Sociology)
To Ladder Faculty (5 SS Fields) To Ladder Faculty (Sociology)
8
Question 2
• How well does sociology prepare doctoral students for fulfilling careers that make use of their graduate education?
9
Importance of Skill at Current Job versus Quality of Training* in this Skill during PhD Studies
Academic Research Skills: Sociology
0
25
50
75
100
Thinking critically Analyzing/synthesizing data Writing/publishing reports Research design Writing proposals forfunding
Per
cen
t
Very Important Excellent Quality
10
Importance of Skill at Current Job versus Quality of Training* in this Skill during PhD Studies
Transferable Skills: Sociology
0
25
50
75
100
Presentationskills
Working w/diversity
Working ininterdisciplinary
context
Workingcollaboratively
Managingpeople/budgets
Per
cen
t
Very Important Excellent Quality
11
Question 3
Is there a gender difference in career outcome? If so, how can we explain it?
• Experience in graduate school• Marital and parental status
12
Employment Outcomes by Gender at ½, 2, 4, and 6 Year post-PhD: Sociology vs. 5 SS Fields
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100M
en
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Me
n
Wo
me
n
Sociology 5 SSFields
Sociology 5 SSFields
Sociology 5 SSFields
Sociology 5 SSFields
6 months 2 years 4 years 6 years
Pe
rce
nt
Ladder Faculty Stable Secure Non-Ladder
13
Sociology Faculty: Prestige* of Institutions of Employment by Gender
*Measure derived from U.S. News and World Report Data, 2005
14
Sociologists Likelihood of Rating Quality of Training “Excellent” or being “Very Satisfied” with Mentoring
by Gender (Based on Ordinal Logistic Regression Controlling for 12 Individual-level Traits)
38.9%
74.9%
40.8%
53.7%
25.3%
78.1%
33.4%
45.2%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Writing andPublishing Reports
and Articles
Thinking Critically Socializing StudentsInto an Academic
Community
Overall Mentoring
Men Women
15
Marital Status and Education of Spouse/Partner at Time of PhD: Sociology vs.
5 SS Fields
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Men Women Men Women
Sociology . 5 SS Fields
Married/Partnered -- Spouse PhD JD MD MBA
Married/Partnered -- Spouse MA or Less
Single
16
Likelihood of Being Ladder Faculty at 2 Years Post-PhD by Gender, Marital, and Parental Status
Sociology (Model With 12 Controls)
0
25
50
75
100
No Child Fathers No Child Mothers
Men Women
Single
Married/Partnered -- Spouse MA or Less
Married/Partnered -- Spouse PhD JD MD MBA
17
Sociologists’ Likelihood of Being “Very Satisfied” with “Fit of Job With Abilities and Interests” by Gender and Evaluation of
Quality of Training in Publishing Based on Ordinal Logistic Regression Controlling for 15 Individual Level Traits
39.3%
49.3%
59.3%
48.0%
58.1%
67.5%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Poor Adequate Excellent
Training in Writing for Publication
Men Women
4/6/2006 18
CIRGE website
http://www.cirge.washington.edu
Thank you!
4/6/2006 Source: CIRGE, University of Washington, ASA 2008 Annual Meeting, August 4, 2008 19
Career Goal at PhD Completion and % Tenured or Tenure-Track 5+ Years Later
(1)
% Wanted to Be Professor
(2)
% Tenured + TT of (1)
(3)
%Tenured+T-T of All PhDs
N of All PhDs
Anthropology 72 64 52 (407)
Communication 75 84 71 (319)
Geography 65 74 53 (155)
History 84 76 66 (789)
Political Sc. 76 80 66 (674)
Sociology 75 78 63 (521)
Source: CIRGE, University of Washington, ASA 2008 Annual Meeting, August 4, 2008 20
The Context PhD Careers – Gender & Family- Program Evaluation
1. “We . . . conclude that students’, professors’, and mentors’ lack of accurate, timely, and accessible data on employment trends, careers and sources of student support is a serious flaw in our education system.” (COSEPUP, 1995. page vi)
2. “Marriage and family are the most important factors differentiating the labor force participation of male and female scientists and engineers.” (From Scarcity to Visibility, 2001. page 4)
3. The NRC doctoral program evaluations include “flawed measures of educational quality.” (page 1) “Universities should track career the career outcomes of PhD recipients both directly upon program completion and at least 5-7 years following degree completion.” (page 34) (Committee to Examine the Methodology to Assess Research Doctoral Programs, 2003)
21
Percent Agree that Item Is a Crucial Consideration in Decision to Pursue a PhD
0
25
50
75
100
Best O
ptio
n at
Tim
e
Unable
to F
ind
Wor
k
It W
as a
Nec
essa
ry C
rede
ntial
Caree
r Opp
ortu
nitie
s In
Field
Desire
to H
ave
Impa
ct In
the
Field
New D
evel
opm
ents
--Exc
item
ent
Inte
nse
Inte
rest
in F
ield
For T
he C
halle
nge
(Own
Sake)
Encou
rage
men
t Fro
m F
amily
and
...
Encou
rage
men
t fro
m U
ngra
duat
e...
Sociology All Other Fields
22
Geographic Mobility of Respondents and Spouses for Career Reasons by Educational Level of Spouse:
Sociology
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Moved ForSpouse
SpouseMoved For
Respondent
Moved ForSpouse
SpouseMoved For
Respondent
Ever Partnered . Ever Partnered With PhDSpouse
Pe
rce
nt
Men Women
Source: CIRGE, University of Washington, ASA 2008 Annual Meeting, August 4, 2008 23
Sociology Respondents
Women 59.2%
Minority 10.0%
U.S. Citizen/Permanent Res. 95.5%
Younger than 30 Yrs. at PhD 22.5%
Older than 40 Yrs. at PhD 21.9%
Married/Partnered at PhD 68.8%
Married/Partnered at Survey 76.1%
Parent at PhD 28.3%
Parent at Survey 63.6%
NRC (1995) Program Faculty Scholarly Reputation > 4 (“Strong”)
33.0%
NRC (1995) Program Faculty Scholarly Reputation < 3 (“Good”)
41.8%•