* GB785008 (A)

Description: GB785008 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Process for manufacturing veneer panels

Description of GB785008 (A)

PATENT 8 S li AT 'N I Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 2, 1954. No 16280154. -(i, O Application made in United States of America on July 9, 1953. '; Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 140, A( 2 C: 2 H: 5 G 1 B: 5 G 4: 16 C). International Classification: -B 271. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process' for Manufacturing Veneer Panels I, ARMIN ELMENDORF, a citizen of the United States of n America, of 322, W. Washington Street, Chicago, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and thle method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to an improved process for manufacturing veneer panels Its aim is the production of an improved panel having "thin" veneer faces, in this specification the word "thin" refers to veneers having a thickness of 1/30th of an inch or less, and a core consisting of fine wood particles generally derived from wood waste, such as sawdust and shavings, the resultant panel having substantially the same physical properties as plywood and serving the same purposes as plywood In the past some of the problems incident to the use of very thin veneers on the faces of a fibrous wood particle core gave rise to disadvantages such as checking and discolouration of the veneers Checking is a particularly serious problem when thin, green veneers are bonded to a relatively low density core, that is, a core having a density of about 0 3 to O 5 When green veneers are bonded to fibrous wood particle cores in the normally accepted manner other difficulties also rise Among these is the frequent formstion of steam pockets under the veneer or in the core, that result in blisters or

explosions when the pressure is released The problem, therefore, has several aspects, including:(a) the prevention of veneer checking when thin, green veneers, that is, veneers having a moisture content over 25 % and a thickness of /,30th of on inch to /10 oth of an inch, are bonded to a core made of fibrous, lignocellulose particles; (b) the prevention of explosions when thin green veneers are bonded to a ligno-cellulose, fibrous core, simultaneously with the bonding of the core particles to each other; and (c) the prevention of veneer discolouration. It is to be understood that this invention is lPrice 3 s, 6 d 1 concerned with overcoming the difficulties which arise from using thin green veneers and that all references throughout the specification 5) to the use of veneers in carrying out the invention are to be construed as references relating to the use of thin green veneers to the exclusion of conventional veneers. Experience in the manufacture of veneered' 55 panels, having a core of wood chips, even when these are mostly fine, has shown that another objectionable result of applying veneer to such cores is the telegraphing through the veneers of the coarser particles When conventional 60 finishes are applied to such panels, many of the core particles can be detected through light reflection from the veneer surface This is particularly true when thin, green veneers are glued to such a core in a hot plate press Using 65 wood particles, of which at least 50 % will pass through a 20-mesh screen, and rejecting all the particles retained on a 10-mesh screen, solves this problem when the particles are bonded together simultaneously with the 70 bonding of the veneer to the particle core. I have found by extensive experimentation in the manufacture of large panels that the problems listed under (a) and (b) above are solved by the producing of a dense zone 75 similar to the cross-binding zone of a conventional 5-ply panel under the face veneers, that is, a zone that is harder and stronger than the centre of the core, simultaneously with the bonding of the particles to each other and 80 with the bonding of the face veneers to the core I achieve this result by locating against at least one face of the core in uncompacted or loosely compacted condition a layer of veneer with a layer of adhesive in amount in excess 85 of that required for bonding the veneer to the core, and applying heat and Pressure thereto effective (a) to force adhesive between at least the surface layer particles of the core, (b) to bind the particles of the core to each other, 90 and to compact the core, and (c) to bind the veener layer to the firmly compacted care. The excess adhesive is conveniently applied to the upper face of a veneer and if two ,3 5,008 785,008 veneers are to be used then a sandwich may be made which consists of two face veneers and the core

particles, with their binder, between the veneers In this latter case a layer of adhesive is applied to the upper surface of the core particles I then subject the assembly or sandwich thus formed to heat and pressure, and thereby force some of the adhesive into the spaces between the particles of the core while the core is being compacted Thus, I employ the adhesive not merely to bond the face veneers to the fibrous core, but to form a dense surface zone in the fibrous core which corresponds to cross-banding veneer of conventional plywood manufacture, and while simultaneously bonding the face veneers to the dense or surface zone of the core, there is caused the bonding the particles of the core to each other by the binder contained in the particles. A satisfactory result can be achieved with either a powdered adhesive or a liquid adhesive Good bonding in a case with which this specification is not concerned can be obtained with a urea glue line of 10 to 15 pounds of adhesive (dry basis) when bonding thin veneers to a fibrous core, to obtain a cross-bonding effect, however, 20 pounds to 25 pounds of adhesive per 1000 square feet should be used. Powdered adhesives are preferred, to avoid an excess of moisture in the panel and to eliminate penetration of the adhesive through the veneers when thin veneers are used The use of fillers or extenders in the adhesive, such as wheat flour, also reduces strike-through. Discolouration of the veneer, I find, takes place with almost all species of veneer when high pressures are used in combination with high moisture contents, either in the veneer or in the core, or in both By high pressures I mean pressures in excess of about 100 pounds per square inch However, both high moisture content and high pressure result in the best bonding of particles to each other, so that the conditions which produce the best results in several respects produce the poorest results in other respects The solution of these problems in their entirety has required thousands of tests. With thin green veneers, that is veneers from '/J 00th to 1/,0th of an inch thick, the best results are achieved with extended powdered synthetic resin adhesives, such as powdered urea-formaldehyde adhesive or powdered phenol-formaldehyde adhesive Pressure and heat is maintained until much of the adhesive has been forced between the particles from the veneer surface, and the veneer has dried, the two results taking place simultaneously with the bonding together of the particles of the core For overcoming all of the problems listed, a sequence of steps must be followed, and certain limitations must be set upon the pressing conditions. I find also, that in order to obtain good partide bonding without the formation of steam pockets within the core, most of the moisture required should come from the green face veneers For example, in

making a panel '/, of an inch thick, with '/oth of an inch face 70 veneers, the veneers should be green, with a moisture content generally in the range of from %o to 100 %, while the moisture of the core is only from 5 %i to 10 % X When this is done, some of the inner (veneer) moisture is first 75 driven into the core, thereby facilitating the bonding of the particles Thereafter, under certain conditions, much of it again leaves the core, while the pressure is maintained, by escaping between the face veneer and the hot 80 press plates I have found that if the temrperature of the press is substantially above that normally used for setting urea-formaldehyde adhesive, and the pressure of the hot plates on the veneer, during part of the pressing cycle, 85 is below the pressure of saturated steam at that temperature, steam will escape between the veneer and the hot press plate T Under these conditions, steam pockets containing high pressure steam are not formed in the board, 90 and the problem of explosions upon the release of pressure is solved If these pressing conditions are not observed, the steam generated by the moisture in the veneer invariably causes explosions when thin panels are 95 pressed Such explosions are less frequent when thick panels, such as -/: of an inch panels, are pressed, apparently due to the greater steam abscrbing capacity of the core of the thick panels 100 For proper bonding of t;he particles to each other, the plate pressure should exceed about pounds per square inch I therefore use a press temperature of about 300 F to 350 ' F., to get a high saturated steam pressure, and 105 a plate pressure well below the saturated steam pressure during part of the pressing cycle For example, if such low pressures are used in this temperature range, in making a panel '/, of an inch thick, with '/G th of an inch thick 110 green veneer faces, and the low plate pressure is maintained at about 50 pounds per square inch for 15 to 60 seconds to dry the veneer and to force the excess resin between the particles near the veneer, and the pressure is then 115 increased to 200 to 300 pounds per square inch for 2 to 5 minutes, to compact and bind the particles, good results are obtained Thereby the discolouration incident to the use of high pressures and high moisture contents is 120 elinminated, and the natural colour of the veneers is maintained No checking of the veneers takes place The press may then be opened quickly or slowly without causing blistering or explosions 125 It will be noted that the pressure of saturated steam at 3200 F is 89 rounds per square inch, and at 350 ' F it is 135 pounds per square inch By using a plate pressure appreciably below these saturated steam pros 130 785,008 sures for part of the pressing cycle, steam generated due to the free moisture in the veneer will escape between the panel and the platen, apparently because the expansion force of the steam generated exceeds the constraining force

of the plate pressure There is no sacrifice in the strength of the bond of the particles to each other due to the use of the low pressure part of the time, provided that a much higher pressure is also used during part of the pressure cycle. In order to constrain the veneer adequately to prevent veneer shrinkage checks during drying in the press, when green veneers are used, I find, that the pressure should be ke Dt from falling below about 20 pounds per square inch. The plate pressure during the initial period during which the moisture is driven out of the veneer should therefore be well below 100 pounds per square inch During the particle bonding period the plate pressure should be well above 100 pounds per square inch. I prefer the conventional 5 % to 10 % of resin in the core, based upon the weight of the fibrous particles This apulies to the use of urea resins The binder may also be introduced as a fine spray of liouid adhesive, or each particle may be coated, by other conventional means, as by precipitating a resin on the particle or fibre when it is supported in an aqueous solution, and subsequently drying the particle as in a flash drier to the desired moisture content I prefer a core density of 0 6 to 0.9. Experience in the conventional manufacture of resin-particle boards with dry powdered resin binders and without face veneers has shown that the moisture of the wood particles should preferably be relatively high in order to get good bonding of the particles For the above reason, in the past the particle moisture used has generally been in the region of about 12 % to 15 % I have found that, with green veneers such high care moisture contents result in explosions due to the fact that steam pockets were formed, and that much lower moisture contents in the core material may be used successfully to reduce substantially the risk of explosion Core moistures of only 5 % result in excellent panels in my process with green face veneers, but in very poor particle bonding in conventional particle board manufacture. The invention is not restricted to the specific details above referred to For example, the steps may be varied to include (a) placing a layer of veneer or a veneer substitute on a caul; (b) applying to its surface a layer of adhesive in excess of that required for bonding the veneer to the core; (c) placing upon the veneer and adhesive the mass of core particles, with their binder, and compacting the core mass, without binding the particles to each other; and (d) distributing over the exposed surface of the compacted core a layer of adhesive and then applying heat and plate pressure to the assembly so formed The end result is to produce a panel with my above described hard surface layer If two veneers are used then the further step of placing the 70 second veneer on the exposed adhesive is required before subjecting

the sandwich so formed to heat and pressure It will be understood, of course, that I employ a suitable press, and that, in some suitable press or pressure 75 zone, I subject to simultaneous heat and pressure the assembly or sandwich above described The assembly or sandwich thus formed I subject preferably, to hot plate pressure, and simultaneously force excess adhesive between 80 particles of the core, during the operation of bonding the veneer or veneers to the surface particles, and while bonding the particles of the core to each other. I illustrate diagrammatically, in the attached 85 figure, a typical sequence of mechanical operations for carrying out the above-mentioned steps A sequence of cauls 1 are suitably conveyed through a series of operating zones The initial step, shown at the left of the figure, is 90 to place on a caul a layer of veneer Such a layer is indicated at 2 After it is positioned on the caul I distribute an adhesive on the veneer The distributing device for the adhesive may, for example, be a jigged or 95 vibrated sieve or screen such as that diagrammatically indicated at 3 Thereafter I place the loose particles of the core, with any suitable binder, upon the layer of adhesive Such a mass is indicated at 4, and may be evened up 100 by a vibrating bar or knife 5 Thereafter, the particles may be compacted without bonding them I illustrate, diagrammatically, in the figure, a roller 6, but it will be understood that momentary plate pressure may be 105 employed After the comminuted lignocellulose fibrous Darticles have been compacted, without binding them, I distribute an adhesive over the loosely compacted particles. Any suitable jigged or vibrated sieve or screen 110 may be employed as shown at 7 in the diagrammatic figure Thereafter, I place a top layer 8 of green veneer upon the layer of adhesive Then I subject the sandwich thus formed to hot plate pressure I illustrate, dia 115 grammatically a press having a lower member 9 and an upper member 10. Whereas the above diagrammatic showing indicates a practical sequence of steps and of mechanisms for carrying them out, it will be 120 understood that a variety of mechanisms may be employed. In considering the characteristics and advantages of the above-described method, I wish to emphasise that I am able, by my process, to 125 produce an improved veneer panel in which, by a single application of heat and pressure, the fibrous particles of a ligno-celullose core are compacted and are bound to layers of veneer with the surface layer particles of the 130 785,008 core being more firmly bound to each other than the normal binding action of the binder employed with the fibrous particles Thus the core is formed with a harder surface layer. The present application describes and claims the process for obtaining the product described and claimed in my co-pending Application No

13180/54, (Serial No. 785,007) and it will be evident that by the above process the material of the core serves to fill lknot-hloles or open flaws in the layers of veneer When the veneer layers have flaws or knot-holes, the comminuted ligno-cellulose particles flow into and fill the flaws When heat and pressure are applied, the result is the formation of a panel, the surface of which lies in a single plane, with the hard surface layer of the particles filling whatever flaws or holes would otherwise be present in the veneer, the density of the core surface at the openings being substantially the same as the density under the veneer No such filling of open defects takes place when defective veneers are bonded to the surface of previously made fibrous hard boards. If only one layer of veneer has open defects, I prefer to place this sheet on top of the loosely compacted core, as I have found that in doing so I can more easily avoid the lodgment of particles between the veneer and the caul. Thus, when hot pressure is applied, the core bulges up and fills the flaws of the veneer or veneer substitute and the particles are bonded together in this position No particles are present between the veneer and the caul during the application of hot plate pressure.

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* GB785009 (A)

Description: GB785009 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to pressure-fluid-actuated apparatus forindicating and controlling the magnitude of a variable condition

Description of GB785009 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION

785,009 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov I, 1954. l|,:i No31491/54. Application made in United States of America on Dec 31, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Classes 97 ( 3), 03 (A: BX); 106 ( 4), II(Bl: C: J), I( 2 A 1 C: 5: 7); and 135, P( 1 E: 5: 7: 16 C: 16 E 3: 18: 24 F: 24 KX). International Classification:-G 01 d, k G 05 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Pressure-Fluid-Actuated Apparatus for Indicating and Controlling the Magnitude of a Variable Condition We, THE BRISTOL COMPANY, a corporation organised under the laws of the State of Connecticut, United States of America, of Waterbury, State of Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, land the method by which it is to be performed, to 'be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to pressure-fluidapparatus for indicating and controlling the magnitude of a variable condition. According to the invention there is provided pressure-fluid-actuated apparatus for control'ling the magnitude of a variable condition and of the type comprising a control valve for regulating the admission of a condition-affecting agent and having a fluidoperated, motor element, condition-sensitive means and means actuated thereby for producing a first fluid pressure representative of said magnitude, an adjustable regulator adapted to produce a second fluid pressure adjustable at will, a control device sensitive to said first and second fluid pressure 'and having a fluid outlet and responsive to the difference of said pressures to produce at said outlet a third fluid pressure representative of said difference, a first conduit adapted to carry fluid at said first pressure and to admit the same to said control device, a second conduit adapted to carry fluid at said second pressure and to admit the same to said control device to be pressurewise opposed to said first fluid, a third conduit communicating with the outlet of said device, and a fourth conduit adapted to apply pressure fitlud to the motor element of said control valve to operate the same, a three-position valve connected to said second, third and fourth conduits and having a first position providing communication between said third and fourth conduits, a second position wherein said second, third and fourth conduits are mutually isolated and a third position providing communication between said 45 second and fourth conduits, individual pressure-actuated deflcotable elements operatively connected with said first, second

land fourth donduits respectively, and having discrete exhibiting members deflectable in proportion to 50 the respective pressures therein, said exhibiting members in their excursions following substantially a common path whereby at any portion of said path their deflected positions may be compared and matched 55 In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is an isometric representation of a recording instrument emnbodying the present invention. Figure 2 is an isometric representation of a 60 portion of the enclosing case in which the instrument shown in Figure 1 is normally positioned for operation. Figure 3 is a diagram of a pneumatic conirol systenm incorporating the principles of the 65 invention. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate alternative positions of certain elements shown in Figure 3. Figures 6, 17 and 18 illustrate the indicating scales of the instrumnent, respectively showing 70 the several inter-related pointers or indexes in three characteristic relative positions. Figures 9, 10 11, 12 and 13 illustrate positions of a manually actuated member of the apparatus corresponding respectively to differ 75 ent stages in transition from one to another of several possible operating positions (Figures 12 and 13 are duplicates respectively of Figures 10 and 9, and are repeated in order to maintain a sequence of views corresponding g O to a sequence of events in manipulation of the apparatus)'. Figure 14 is a sectional view of certain mechanical elements of the apparatus embodying the invention 85 Figures 15, 16 and 17 are bottom views, showing the removable instrument in three possible positions relative to its enclosing case. 2 785,009 Figures 18 and 19 are side elevations showing respectively two possible relative positions of certain elements of the instrument and its casing. Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23 are bottom views to a slightly enlarged scale showing relative positions of certain coacting members corresponding to different positions of the removable instrument assembly relative to its enclosing casing. Referring now to the drawings, an indicating and recording instrument assembly, generally designated as 31 in Figure 1, is adapted for removable mounting in an enclosing case 32 normally forming a permanent part of a panel member As indicated by way of example, the instrument 31 comprises an elongated sheet metal base-plate 33 having upon its upper surface near one extremity (hereinafter to be known as the rear end), three mounting members 34, 35 and 36, carrying three energy translating means comprising respectively three

fluid-pressure-responsive elements 37, 38 and 39 While said pressure responsive elements are here shown as bellows members, it will be apparent that they may take the form of Bourdon tubes or equivalent devices whereby a fluid pressure may be caused to affect the position of a mechanical element Each of the mounting members 34, and 36 includes a portion projecting through the base plate 33 t its lower side, as indicated in Figures I 5, 16 and 17, and also contains an internal passage, not shown in the drawings, whereby the interior of the corresponding pressure element may be placed in communication with exterior conduit means hereinafter to be described. A bearing pedestal 40 mounted upon the base-plate 33 carries a shaft or spindle member 41 upon which are freely pivoted three J-shaped lever members 44, 45 and 46, each having a short arm and a long arm The short arms of the lever members 44, 45 and 46 are linked respectively to the pressure-responsive elements 37, 38 and 39, whereby displacement of any of the latter due to variations of internal fluid pressure will produce a corresponding angular deflection of the corresponding lever member about the spindle 41. Carried by the base-plate 33 at the extremity thereof remote from the mounting of the pressure-responsive elements (said extremity hereinafter to be known as the front end) are indicating and recording means, which, together with juxtaposed recording pen and indicator pointers, hereinafter to be described, form exhibiting means The said indicating and recording means comprise a calibrated scale member 50 and a juxtaposed strip chart member 51 The scale member is vertically disposed and may carry 'two sets of graduations adapted to cooperate with index and pointer members hereinafter to be described in providing a plurality of indications of measured variables The graduations at the left side of the scale are preferably calibrated in terms of the measured and regulated variable, and those at the right side of the scale in terms of fluid pressure existing in certain 70 parts of thz control system with which the instrument assembly will be operatively associated The general nature of the scale graduations will be understood from Figures 6, 7 and 8; and, as indicated in Figure 1, the 75 right-hand edge of the scale may expediently be bent into a different plane from its front surface, rendering inconspicuous the usually less important control pressure readings and facilitating uninhibited determination of the 80 significant magnitudes of the controlled variable. The chart member 51 is disposed to lie in a vertical plane and is backed by a platen member 52, whereby to present a flat surface 85 occupying substantially three quarters of the front elevation of the instrument The chart is supplied from a stock roll 53, passes around a guide member 54 and a curved portion of the platen 52, between said

platen and the 90 scale 50 and around a drum 55 adapted for continuous rotation by means of a timing motor or clock, not shown in the drawings. The chart paper is preferably provided with uniformly spaced perforations 56 near one 95 edge and adapted to be engaged by correspondingly spaced pins 57 on the periphery of the drum 5,5, whereby to assure positive driving After leaving the driving drum 55 the chart is collected on a receiving roll 58, or 100 oo other suitable receptacle, from which it may be removed as required. The long arm 44 a of the lever member 44 extends from the rear to the front end of the instrument, near one side thereof, passes be 105 tween the scale 50 and the platen 52 and carries on its extremity exhibiting means comprising a recording pen or stylus 60, which bears upon the chart 51 near the right-hand edge of the platen With changes in pressure 110 values within the element 37, the lever member 44 will be correspondingly deflected, resulting in vertical displacement of the recording member 60, whereby there will be inscribed on the chart a graphic record of said 115 pressure values The long arm 44 a of the lever fnember 44 also carries exhibiting means in the form of an index or pointer 61 movable with the recording member 60, and providing upon the scale 50 an indication of the pres 120 sure value as recorded upon the chart 51. The long arm 45 a of the lever member 45 is extended in substantial parallelism to that of the lever 44 and in non-interfering relationship thereto, and terminates in an exhibit 125 ing means, in this case an indicating member 62 cooperating, like the pointer 61, with the scale 50 to provide an indication of its deflected position, and hence of the pressure within the element 38 The indicating member 62, 13 ( 785,009 the bottom of the assembly, and as shown in various figures of the drawings Said latch member is provided with a finger piece 80 normally enclosed within the casing 32, but projecting through an opening in the edge por 70 tion 72 when the instrument assembly is partially withdrawn, and thus accessible for manual operation of the latch Several possible positions of the latch member 7 Y in its caction with the slot 76 are shown in Figures 75 20, 21, 22 and 23, and will hereinafter be more fully discussed. The base-plate 33 is provided at its front end with a downwardly projecting lug 81 and the front portion of the case 32 carries a thumb 80 screw 82 having a mutilated head, whereby as the instrument is inserted in the case the lug will pass over the screw, after which the latter may be rotated through a portion of a turn, securing and clampling the instrument 85 assembly in its operating position A manually operable knob 83 projecting through the lower portion of the front of the case 32 is carried by a rotatable rod 84, whereby to

actuate regulating instrumentalities presently 90 to be described A manually operable indicating handle 18,5 carried by a rotatable rod 86, whereby to establish the position of a threeway valve also subsequently to be described, projects through the front of the case, may at 95 will be set in any one of three positions designated "AUTOMATIC," " SEAL" and "MANUAL," or by equivalent abbreviations. The quick releasable mounting adapted to releasably secure the apparatus mounted thereon 100 n a panel so far described and as further described hereinafter forms the subject of divisional application No 121672 of 1956 (Serial

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* GB785010 (A)

Description: GB785010 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to panel-mounted instruments and particularly to quickreleasable mountings therefor

Description of GB785010 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,010 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 1, 1954. No 12672/56. Application made in United States of America on Dec 31, 1953. (Divided out of No 785,009). Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 44, ED 1, BE( 332 B: 3 C: 13 D 1); and 106 ( 4), I 1 (B 1: C: J), I 1 ( 2 A 1 C: 5: 7). International Classification:-A 45 c E 05 c FO 6 b G O ld.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Panel-Mounted Instruments and particularly to Quick Releasable Mountings therefor We, THE BRISTOL COMPANY, a corporation organised under the laws of the State of Connecticut, United States of America, of Waterbury, State of Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention' relates to panel-mounted instruments, and more especially to "miniature" indicators, recorders and controllers, or combinations of the same, adapted for removable and, interchangeable installation in suitable mounting spaces provided in a common and standardized panel structure. The complexity of control functions in many modern industrial processes, as, for example, oil refining, has led to an accumulation of controlling and recording instruments; and attempts to centralize these in a common loca:tion have tended toward large and cumbersome panels, occupying a prohibitive amount of valuable space, and likely to prove confusing to operators, Such considerations have led to a policy of "miniaturizationa," involving a decrease in the size-especially in the panel area-of instruments, and also provision for maximum flexilbility and interchangeability making it possible to install indicators, recorders or controllers (or units combining any or all of these functions), as required, and, with a minimum of manipulation or adjustment, to remove one or more such instruments for replacement by a perfect instrument of the same type in case of damage or by a corresponding instrument of another type, as might by dictated by a change in process or procedure. Since, in many instances, the interacting elements necessary to an instrument performing its allotted function cannot practicably be reduced below certain critical dimensions, and therefore the volume of an instrument cannot always be decreased, in correspondence with lPrice 3 s 6 d l the desired reduction in panel area, it follows that redesign for miniaturization will result in a tendency to increase the length of an instrument in a sense measured perpendicular to the face of the mounting panel, so that the trend of design is toward a long and relatively slender instrument, having a substantially square panel projection and a depth of the order of double the panel width or height. It will be apparent that with a device of such proportions little in the way of servicing or adjustment can be done while the instrument is in place on the panel, necessitating its withdrawal for even such routine matters as inking the pen or changing the chart It will

further be apparent that such withdrawal and all manipulations involved in securing the instrument in place or releasing it for removal must be effected from the front Otherwise, work on one instrument might require removal of one or more adjacent units ito permit of necessary access, to the elements. It is an object of the present invention to provide an instrument, alternatively of the indicating, recording or controlling form, or of a combination of two or more of the above functions, adapted for removable and interchangeable installation in a standard panel mounting. It is a further object t provide an instrument of the above nature which shall be adapted to non-interfering installation in immediate proximity to other, and similar, instruments and with a minimum of mechanical clearance therefrom. It is a further object to provide an instrument of the above nature which may be securely and rigidly mounted in its operating location, and readily removable therefrom with a minimum of interference with measured or controlled functions or with the functioning of adjacent instruments. It is a further object to provide an instrument of the above nature which may be partially withdrawn from its normal operating , 1 1 position for routine servicing and without in any way interfering with its normal functioning, and which may be further and completely withdrawn, and removed from the installation, without the need for manipulating electrical or piping connections. It is a further object to provide an instrument of the above nature wherein the control function may readily be transferred from automatic to manual, or manual to automatic, without a "bump" due to sudden transition from one to another of pressures in the control system, and without the necessity for comparing or coordinating readings on different gauges. According to the invention there is provided the combination of a quick releasable mounting and indicating apparatus adapted to be releasably secured to said mounting, said apparatus having exhibiting means as well, as energy translating means in a panel member having actuating means for connection with said exhibiting means in energy transfer relation, guide means being provided in said panel member defining a predetermined path along whilch said indicating apparatus is movable into and out of said panel member through an intermediate partially withdrar' position, separable coupling means including one portion mounted on said panel member and another portion on said indicating apparatus, said another portion of said separable coupling means being movably mounted on said indicating apparatus, yieldable means coupling said another portion of said separable coupling means

with said exhibiting means so that said indicating apparatus is movable along said path from its inserted position in said panel member to at least said partially withdrawn position while said, portions of said separable coupling means remain engaged and maintain said exhibiting means and said actuating means in energy transfer relation. According to the invention claimed in the parent application No 31491/54 (Serial No. 785,009) there is provided pressure-fluid-actuated apparatus for indicating and controlling the magnitude of a variable condition and of the type comprising a control valve for regulating the admission of a condition-affecting agent and having a fluid-operated motor element, condition-sensitive means and means actuated thereby for producing a first fluid pressure representative of said magnitude, an adjustable regulator adapted to produce a second fluid pressure adjustable at will, a control device sensitive to said first and second fluid pressures and having a fluid outlet and responsive to the difference of said pressures to produce at said outlet a third fluid pressure representative of said difference, a first conduit adapted to carry fluid at said first pressure and to admit the same to said control device, a second conduit adapted to carry fluid at said second pressure and to admit the same to said control device to be pressure-wise opposed to said first fluid, a third conduit communicating with the outlet of said device, and a fourth conduit adapted to apply pressure fluid to the motor element of said 7 ( control valve to operate the same, a threeposition valve connected to said second, third and fourth conduits and having a first position providing communication between said third and fourth conduits, a second position 75 wherein said second, third and fourth conduits are mutually isolated and, a third position providing communication between said second and fourth conduits, individual pressure actuated deflectable elements operatively connected 80 with said first, second and fourth conduits respectively and having discrete exhibiting members deflectable in proportion to the respective pressures therein, said exhibiting members in their excursions following sub 85 stantially a common path whereby at any portion of said path their deflected positions may be compared and matched. According to the invention claimed in the further divisional application No 12673/56 90 (Serial No 785,011) there is provided controlling and indicating apparatus for controlling and indicating the magnitude of a variable condition, comprising a control valve for regulating the admission of a condition 95 affecting agent, a fluid-operated motor element coupled to said control valve, condition-sensitive means and means actuated thereby for producing a

first fluid pressure representative of said magnitude, an adjustable regulator 100 adapted to produce a second fluid pressure adjustable at will, pressure-sensitive control means responsive to said first and second fluid pressures for producing at an outlet thereof a third, fluid pressure representative of the differ 105 ence between said first and second pressures, a first conduit for carrying fluid at said first pressure and coupled to the input side of said pressure-sensitive control means, a second conduit for carrying fluid at said second pressure 110 and coupled to the input side of said pressure-sensitive control means where said first and second fluid, pressures are opposed one to the other, a third conduit communicating with said outlet, a fourth conduit coupled to said 115 motor element, valve means for selectively coupling said fourth conduit with either of said second and third conduits, a casing, support means, releasable means quick detachably securing said support means in said casing, 120 exhibiting means on said support means and for independently indicating the magnitudes of said first and second fluid pressures as well as the fluid pressure in said fourth conduit, coupling means for connecting said exhibiting 125 means in energy transfer relation with sources of said last mentioned respective fluid pressures and including quick disconnect means and yieldable connecting means on said support means for maintaining said exhibiting 130 785,010 members, it will be apparent that they may take the form of Bourdon tubes or equivalent devices whereby a fluid pressure may be caused to effect 'the position of a mechanical element. Each of the mounting members 34, 35 and 36 70 includes,a portion projecting through the base plate 33 to its lower side, as indicated in Figures 15, 16 and 17, and also contains an internal passage, not shown in the drawings, whereby the interior of the 'corresponding pres 75 sure element may be placed in communication with exterior conduit means hereinafter to be described, A bearing pedestal 40 mounted upon the base-plate 33 carries a shaft or spiindle mem 80 ber 41 upon which are freely pivoted three J-shaped lever members 44, 45 and 46, each having a short arm and a long arm The short arms of the lever members 44, 45 and 46 are linked respectively to the pressure 85 responsive elements 37, 38 and 39, whereby deflection of any of the latter due to variations of internal fluid pressure will produce a corresponding angular displacement of the corresponding lever member about the spindle 41 90 Carried by the base-plate 33 at the extremity thereof remote from the mounting of the pressure-responsive elements (said extremity hereinafter to be known as the front end) is indicating and recording means, which together 95 with juxtaposed recording pen and indicator pointers, hereinafter to be described, form exhibiting means The said indicating and recording means comprise a calibrated scale

member 50 and a juxtaposed strip chart mem 100 her 51 The scale member is vertically disposed and may carry two' sets of graduations adapted to cooperate with index and pointer members hereinafter to be described in providing a plurality of indications of measured 105 variables The graduations at the left side of the scale are preferably calibrated in terms of the measured and regulated variable, and those at the right side of the scale in terms of fluid pressure existing in certain parts of the 110 control system with which the instrument assembly will be operatively associated The general nature of the scale graduations will be understood from Figures 6, 7 and 8; and, as indicated in Figure 1, the right-hand edge of 115 the scale may expediently be bent into a different plane from its front surface, rendering inconspicuous 'the usually less important control pressure readings and facilitating uninhibited determination of the significant magnitudes 120 of the controlled variable. The chart member 51 is disposed to lie in a vertical plane and is backed by a platen member 52, whereby to present a flat surface occupying substantially three quarters of the 125 front elevation of the instrument The chart is supplied from a stock roll 53, passes around a guide member 54 and a curved portion of the platen 52, between said platen and the scale 50 and around a drum 515 adapted for 130 means in operative and in energy transfer relation with said sources of fluid pressure when said support means is in its fully mounted position relative to said casing and when said support means is at least partially withdrawn therefrom In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is an isometric representation of a recording instrument embodying the principles of the invention. Figure 2 is an isometric representation of a portion of the enclosing case in which the instrument shown in Figure 1 is normally positioned for operation. Figure 3 is a diagram of a pneumatic control system incorporating the principles of the invention. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate alternative positions of certain elements shown in Figure 3. Figures '6, 7 and 8 illustrate the indicating scales of the instrument, respectively showing the several interrelated pointers or indexes in three characteristic relative positions. Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 illustrate posilions of a manually actuated member of the apparatus corresponding respectively to different stages in transition from one to another of several possible operating positions (Figures 12 and 13 are duplicates respectively of Figures 10 and 9, and are repeated in order to maintain a sequence of views corresponding to a sequence of events in manipulation of the

apparatus). Figure 14 is a sectional view of certain mechanical elements of the apparatus embodying the principles of the invention. Figures 15, 16 and 17 are bottom views, showing the removable instrument in three possible positions relative to its endlosing case. Figures 18 and 19 are side elevations showing respectively two possible relative positions of certain elements of the instrument and its casing. Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23 ' are bottom views to a slightly enlarged scale showing relative positions of certain coaoting members corresponding to different positions of the removable instrument assembly relative to its enclosing casing. Referring now to the drawings,,an indicating and recording instrument assembly, generally designated as 31 in Figure 1, is adapted for removable mounting in an enclosing case 32 normally forminga permanent part of a panel member As indicated by way of example, the instrument 31 comprises an elongated sheet metal base-plate 33 having upon its upper surface near one extremity (hereinafter to be known as the rear end), three mounting members 34, 35 and 36, carrying three energy translating means comprising fluid-pressure-responsive elements 37, 3,8 and 39 respectively While said pressureresponsive elements are here shown as bellows 785,010 continuous rotation by means of a timing motor or clock, not shown in the drawings. The chart paper is preferably provided with uniformly spaced perforations 56 near one <edge, and adapted to be engaged by correspondingly spaced pins 57 on the periphery of the drum 55, whereby to assure positive driving After leaving the driving drum 55 the chart is collected on a receiving roll 58, or other suitable receptacle, from which it may be removed as required. The long arm 44 a of the lever member 44 extends from the rear to the front end of the instrument, near one side thereof, passes between the scale 50 and the platen 52 and carries on its extremity exhibiting means comprising a recording pen or stylus 60, which bears upon the chart 51 near the right-hand edge of the platen With changes in pressure values within the element 37, the lever member 44 will be correspondingly deflected, resulting in vertical displacement of the recording member 60, whereby there will be inscribed oan the chart a graphic record of said pressure values The long arm 44 a of the lever member 4-, also carries exhibiting means in form of an index or pointer 61 movable with the rezording member 60, and providing upon the scale 50 an indication -of the pressure value as recorded upon the chart 51. The long arm 45 a of the lever member 45 is extended in substantial parallelism to that of the lever 44 and in non-interfering

relationship thereto, and terminates in exhibiting means in this case an indicating member 62 co-operating, like the pointer 61, with the scale 50 to provide an indication of its deflected position, and hence of the pressure within the element 38 The indicating member 62, while reading on the sane scale as the pointer 61, moves independently thereof, and may occupy any position with respect thereto, including a position of coincidence between the two In order to avoid confusion of reading, the member 62 (hereinafter, for reasons which will become apparent, referred to as the spatter) is made of a different shape from the pointer 61, a preferred form being that in wlci C kt is prcvided with flanking wings as indicated, so that it will at no time be wholly concealed by said pointer 61. The long arm 46 a of the lever member 46 is extended in a manner similar to those of the levers 44 and 45 and terminates in an index 63, passing preferably on the side of the scale 50 remote from the pointer 61 and the spotter 62, and so formed as to follow a path substantially coincident with that followed by said pointer and spotter, whereby its deflected position may be matched with that of either of the same without reference to actual scale readings It will be understood that any or all of the long arms of the lever members 44, 45 and 46 may be replaced by straight-line motions, well known in the art and forming no part of the present invention, whereby to eliminate the need for curvature from the scale 50 and from the surface of the chart 51. For an understanding of the manner of sup 70 porting and securing the instrument assembly 31 within the case 32, reference may be had to Figures 1 and 2 taken in conjunction with the sectional view of Figure 14 To the opposed inner faces of the side walls of the case 32 75 are secured parallel rail members 70 and 71, extending for a considerable portion of the length of the casing The base-plate 33 of the instrument assembly 31 is provided with turned-down edge portions 72 and 73 adapted 80 to engage said rails, whereby to support said assembly in longitudinally sliding relationship. Secured to the inner faces of the edge portions 72 and 73 respectively, and preferably spaced inwardlytherefrom, are angle strips 74 85 and 75, disposed in a manner to project outward beneath the rails 70 and 71, forming longitudinal grooves or slots wherein said rails may lie, and constraining the plate 33 and parts carried thereby to longitudinal displace 90 ment relative to the enclosing casing 32. Formed in the rail 70 at a location near its front end is a gap or slot 76, seen in Figure 2, and clearly shown in Figures 2023, inclusive Said slot is positioned for en 95 gagement by a latch member 77 carried by the base-plate 33 and having a detent portion 78 adapted

to enter said slot as the plate 33 attains a predetermined longitudinal displacement with respect to the casing 32 The latch 100 member 77 is pivotally mounted on the lower face of said base-plate, and by means of a spring member 79 is urged for angular displacement in a clockwise sense as seen from the bottom of the assembly, and as shown in 105 various figures of the drawings Said latch member is provided with a finger piece 80 normally enclosed within the casing 32, but projecting through an opening in the edge portion 72 when the instrument assembly is par 110 tially withdrawn, and thus accessible for manual operation of the latch Several possible positions of the latch member 7,7 in its coaction with the slot 76 are shown in Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23, and will hereinafter be 115 more fully discussed. The base-plate 33 is provided at its front end with a downwardly projecting lug 81 and the front portion of the case 32 carries a thumb-screw 82 having a mutilated head, 120 whereby as the instrument is inserted in the case the lug will pass over the screw, after which the latter may be rotated through a portion of a turn, securing and clamp'ng the instrument assembly in its operating position 125 A manually operable knob 83 projecting through the lower portion of the front of the case 32 is carried by a rotatable rod 84, whereby to actuate regulating instrumentalities presently to be described A manually oper 130 785,010 and 104 connected thereto, and thereby to supply from the source 99 to a connected outlet conduit 105 an air pressure regulated in accordance with said pressure difference. A three-way valve 106, operable from the 70 handle 8 '5 through the rod 86, has connected thereto the conduits 103, 104 and 105 in such a manner that conduit 103 may at will be connected to either of the conduits 104 and or that all three of said conduits may be 75 simultaneously sealed The three positions of said valve are indicated in Figures 3, 4 and 5, respectively, While the apparatus of Figure 3, as thus far described, comprises a complete automatic control system, the manner of oper 80 atively associating the recording instrument 31 therewith will be briefly set forth before considering the performance of the controlling apparatus. The conduits 100, 104 and, 103 are indi 85 vidually and respectively connected to selfsealing pneumatic receptacles 10,7, 108 and 109 in a block 110 mounted in the rear portion of the enclosing case 32 The internal passages within the mounting members 34, 35 90 and 36 of the instrument 31 are respectively connected to tubular plug members 114, 115 and 116, carried by the base-plate 33 in a manner hereinafter to be set forth, and adapted to be removably inserted in the receptacles 95 107, 108 and 109 whereby to provide separable connection of the respective conduits 100, 103 and 104 to the interiors of pressureresponsive bellows members 37, 39 and 38.

Thus, it will be seen that the pen 60 will 100 provide on the chart 51 a continuous record, and the pointer 61 on the scale 50 a continuous indication, of the pressure in the conduit 100, 'and therefore of the temperature to which the sensitive element 91 105 is exposed Similarly, the spotter '62 willl provide on the scale 50 a continuous indication of the adjusted pressure in the conduit 104, against which the pressure in the conduit 100 is balanced in the control unit 98 Likewise, 110 the index 63 will provide an indication of the control pressure existing in the conduit 103 and applied to the motor element of the valve 96. As previously stated, the scale 50 is pro 115 vided with two sets of graduations, those at the left, as, seen in the drawings, being common to the pointer 61 and the spotter 62, and those at the right cooperating with, the index 63 to provide an indication of its deflected 120 position It will be further observed that the index 63 extends across its allotted graduations so that its tip follows a path substantially coincident with those of said pointer and spotter, thus facilitating comparison of 125 the physical position of said index with that of either of said last named elements The graduations on the Ieft-hand side of the scale are in terms of the controlled variable-in the present instance, temperature-while those 130 able indicating handle 85 carried by a rotatable rod,86, whereby to establish the position of a three-way valve also subsequently t O be described, projects through the front of the case, may at will be set in any one of three positions designated " AUTOMATIC," "SEAL" and " MANUAL," or by equivalent abbreviations. Attention may now be directed to Figure 3, wherein is diagrammatically shown a pneumatic control system of the class with which the invention is especially useful The pressure-fluid-actuated apparatus described here-

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* GB785011 (A)

Description: GB785011 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for controlling and indicating themagnitude of a variable condition

Description of GB785011 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Apparats for Controlling and Indicating the Magnitude of a Variable Condition We, THB BRISTOL COMPANY, a. corporation organise under the Daws of the State of Con necticut, United States of America, of Water 'bury, State of Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and ithe method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- This invention relates to apparatus for con trolling and indicating the magnitude of a variable condition and more especially to "miniature"indicators, recorders and con- 'trolleys, or combinations of the same, adapted for removable and interchangeable installation 'in suitable mounting spaces provided in a common and Standardized panel structure. The complexity of control functions in many modern industrial processes, as for example, oil refining, has led to an accumu- lation of controlling and recording instru ments, and attempts fo centralize these in a common location have. tended toward large and cumbersone panels, occupying a prohibi eve amount of valable space, and likely to prove confusing to operators.'Such considera- tions have led to a policy of"miniaturiza tion,"involving a decrease in the size-especi- ally in the panel area-of instruments, and also provision for maximum. flexibility and inter- changeability, making it possible. to install . indicators, recorders or controllers (or units

combining any or all of these functions), as required, and, with a minimum of manipula- tion or adjustment, to remove one or more such instruments for replacement by a perfect instrument of the same type in case of damage or by a corresponding instrument of another type, as might be dictated by ; a. change in process or procedure. Since, in many instances, the interacting elements necessary to an instrument perform ing its allotted function cannot practicably be reduced below certain critical dimensions and therefore, the volume of an instrument cannot always lie decreased in correspondence with the desired reduction in panel area, it follows that redesign for miniaturization will result in a tendency to increase the length of an instrument in a sense measured perpendicular to the face of the mounting panel, so that the trend of design is toward a long-and relatively slender instrument, having a substantially square panel projection and ja depth of the order of double the panel width or height. It will be apparent that with a device of such proportions little in the way of servicing or adjustment can be done while the instrument is in place on the panel, necessitating its withdrawal for even such routine matters as inking the pen or changing the chart. It will further be apparent that such withdrawal. and all manipulations involved in securing the instrument in place or releasing it for removal must be effected from the front. Otherwise, work on. one instrument might require removal of one or more adjacent units to per- mit of necessary access to the elements. It is an object of the present invention to provide ac instrument, alternatively of the indicating, recording or controlling form, or of a combination of two or more of ithe above functions, adapted for removable and inter- changeable installation in a standard panel mounting. It is further object to provide an instru- ment of theabovenaturewhichshall be iadap- ted to non-interfering installation in immediate proximity to other,andsimilar,instru- ments and with a minimum of mechanical clearancetherefrom. It is a further object to. provide an instru- ment of the above nature which may be se- curely and rigidly mounted in its operating location, and readily removable therefrom with a minimum of interference with measured or controlled functions or with the function- ing of adjacent instruments. It is a further object to provide'an instru- ment of the above nature

which may be partially withdrawn from. its normal operating position for routine servicing and without ; any way interfering with its normal functioning, and which may be further and com. pletely withdrawn, and removed from the installation, without the need for manipulating electrical or piping connections. It is a further object to provide an instrument of the above nature wherein the control function may readily be transferred from automatic to manual, or manual to automatic, with out a"bump"due to sudden transition from one. t ano : ther cf pressures in thecontrol system and without the necessity for comparing or coordinating readings on different gauges. According to, the invention claimed in divisional application No. 12672/56 (Serial No. 785, 010) there is provided the combina- tion of a quick releasable mounting and indicating apparatus adapted to bereleasablysecuredto said mounting, said apparatus having exhibiting means as well as energy translating means in a panel member having actuating means for connection with said exhibiting means in energy transfer relation guide means. being provided in said panel member defining a predetermined path along which said indicating apparatus is movable in. to and out of said panel member through an : intermediate partially withdrawn position, separable coupling means including one porfion mounted on said panel member and another portion on said indicating apparatus, said another portion of said separable coup- ling means being movably mounted on said indicating apparatus, yieldable means coupling said another portion of said separable coupling means with said exhibiting means so that said indicating. apparatus is movable along said path from its inserted position in said panel member to at Ieast said partially withdrawn position while said portions of said separable coupling means remain engaged and maintain said exhibiting means and said actuating means in energy transfer relation. According to the invention claimed in the parent application'No.31491/54(SerialNo. 785, 009) there is provided pressure-fluid- actuated apparatus for indicating and controlling the magnitude of a variablecondition and of the type comprising a control valve for regulat, ing ! rhe admission of a condition-affect- ing agent and having a fluid-operated motor element, condition-sensitive means and means actuated thereby for producing a first fluid pressure representative of said. magnitude, an ajustable regulator adapted to produce a. second fluid pressure adjustable at will, a control device sensitive to said first and second fluid pressures and having a fluid outlet and responsive to the difference of said pressures to produce at said outlet a third fluid

pressure representative of said dlifference, a frst con- duit adapted to carry fluid at said first pressure and to admit the same to said control device, a second conduit adapted to carry fluid at said second pressure and to admit the same to said control device, to be pressure-wise opposed to said first fluid, a third conduit communicating with the outlet of said device, and a fourth conduit adapted to apply pressure fluid. to the motor element of said control valve, to operate the same, a three-posi- tion valve connected to said second, third and fourth conduits and having a first position providing communication between said third and fourth conduits, a second position wherein said second, third and fourth conduits are mutually isolated and a third position providing communication between said second and fourth conduits, individual pressure-actuated deflectable elements operatively connected with said first, second and fourth conduits respectively and having discrete exhibiting members deflectable in proportion to the respective pressures therein, said exhibiting members in their excursions following substantially a common path whereby at any portion of said path their deflected positions may be compared and matched. According to the present Invention there is provided centrolling and indicating apparatus for controlling and indicating the magnitude of a variable condition, comprising a control valve for regulating the admission of a condition-affecting agent, a fluid-operated motor element coupled to said control valve, condition-sensitive means and means actuated . theredy for producing a first fluid pressure re. presentative of said magnitude, an adjustable regulator adapted to produce a second fluid pressure ajustable at will, pressure-sensitive control means responsive. to said first , and. second fluid pressures for producing at an outlet thereof a third fluid pressure representative of the difference between said first and second pressures, a first conduit for carrying fluid at said first pressure and coupled to the input side of said pressures. nsit. lve control means, a second conduit for carrying fluid at said second pressure and coupled to the input side of said pressure-sensitive control means where said first and second fluid pressures are opposed one to the other, a third conduit communicating with said outlet, a fourth conduit coupled to said motor element, valve means for selectively coupling said fourth conduit with either of said second and third conduits, a casing, support means, releasable means quick detachably securing said support means in said casing, exhibiting means on said support means and for independently indicating the magnitudes of said first and second fluid pressures as well as. the fluid pressure in said fourth conduit, coupling means for connecting said exhibiting means in energy transfer relation with sources of said last mentioned

respective fluid pressures and including quick disconnect means and yieldable connecting means on said support means for maintaining said exhibiting means in operative and in energy transfer re Menwithsaidsourcesoftnuidpressure when said support means is in its fully moun- ted positionrelativetosaidcasingandwhen said support means is at least partially withdrawn therefrom. Intheaccompanyingdrawings' : Figure 1 is an isometricrepresentationof a recording instrument embodying the principlesof.theinvention. Figure 2 is an isometric representation of a portion of the enclosing case in which the instrument shown in. Figure 1 is normally position for operation. Figure 3 is adiagramofapneumatic control system incorporating the principles of the invention. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate alternative positions of certain elements shown in. Figure 3. Figures 6, s7 and 8 illustrate the indicating scales of the instrument, respectively showing the several. miter-related pointers or indexes in. three charactemstics relative positions. Figures 9, 10, 11,12 and 13 illustrate positions of a manually actuated member of the apparatuscorrespondingrespectivelytodiffer- ent stages in transitionfromonetoanother of several possible operating positions. (Figures 12 and 13 are duplicates respectively of Figures 10 and 9, and are repeated in order to maintain a sequenceof views corresponding to a sequence of events in manipulationofthe apparatus). Figure 14 is a sectional view of certain mechanical dements of ithe apparatus embody- ing the principles of the invention. Figures 15, 16 and 17 are bottom views, showingtheremovableinstrumentin. three possible.positionsrelativetoitsenclosingcase. Figures 1'8and 19 are side elevations showing respectively. two possible relative positions'ofcertainelementsof the instrument and its casing. Figures 20,21,22 and 23 are bottom views to a slightly enlarged scale showing relative positionsofcertaincoastingmembers corresponding to different positions of the removable instrument assembly relative to its enclosing casing. Referringnowtothedrawings,an.Indicat- ing and recording instrument assembly, generally designatedas31mFigure 1, is adapted for removable mounting in an enclosing case 32 normally forming a permanent part of a panel member. As indicated by way of example, the instrument 31 comprises an elongated sheet metal base-plate 33 having upon its upper surface near one extremity (herein- after to be Imown as the feMy

end), three mounting members 34, 35 and 36, carrying three energy translating means comprising Md-pressure-responsive elements 37, 318 and 39 respectively. While said pressure-respon- sive elements are here shown,as bellows members, it will be apparent that they may take the form ouf'bourdon tubes or equivalent deviceswherebya.'Suid pressure may be caused to, affect. the position ; of Each of the mounting members 34, 35 and 36 includes a portion projecting through the base plate 33toitslowerside, as indicated inFigures13,16and17, and also oontains an'internalpassage,notshown'in.the.draw- ings, whereby. the interior of the correspond- ingg pressure element may be placed in communication with exterior conduit means herainaiBter to. be described. A bearing pedestal 40 mounted upon the base-plate 33 carries a shaft or spindle member 41 upon.whicharefreelypivotedthree Jshaped lever members 44, 45 and 46, each having a short arm andalongarm. The short arms of the lever members 44,45 and 46 are linked respectively, to the pressure-responsive elements 317, 38 ! and 39, whereby defection, of any of the latter due M variations of internal fluid pressure will produce a corresponding angular displacement of the corresponding lever member about the spindle 41. Carmedbythebase-plate33.at the extrem- ity thereof remote from the mounting of the pressurerespcnsive elements (said. extremity hereinafter to be known, as the ffoet end) is mdicating and recording means, which together with juxtaposed recording pen and indicator pointers, hereinafter to be described, form exhibiting means. The said indicating and recording means comprise a calibrated scale member 50 and a juxtaposed strip chart member 51. The scale member is vertically dispose and may carry two sets of graduations adapted ito cooperate with index and pointer members hereinafter to. be described in providing a plurality of indications of measured variables. The. graduations at theleft side of the scale are preferably calibrated in terms of. the measured and regulated variable, and those at the righ : t side of the scale in terms of fluid pressure existing in certain parts of.thecontrolsystemwithwhichtheinstru- ment assembly will be operadvdyassociated. The general nature of the scale graduations will be understood from Figures 6, 7 and 8; ! and, as indicated-iti, Figure 1, the right-hand edge of the scale may be expediently bent into a diff rent plane from its front surface, rendering inoonspicuous. the usually less important control pressure readings and facilitating uninhibiteddetermination of the significant magnitudes of the controlled variable. The chart member 51 is s disposed to lie in a vertical plane and is backed by a platen member 52, whereby to presenta.Satsurface occupying

substantiallythreequartersof.the front elevationoftheinstrument. The chart is supplie from a stock roll 53, passes round a guide member 54 and a curved portion of the platen 52, between said platen and. the scale 50 and around a drum 55 adapted for continuous rotation by means of a timing motor or clock, not shown in. the drawings. The chart paper is preferably provided with uniformly spaced perforations 56 near one edge, and adap ; ted to be engaged by correspondingly spaced pins 57 on the periphery of the drum 55, whereby to assure positive driving. After leaving the driving drum 55 the chart is collected on a receiving roll 5o5 or other suitable receptacle from which it may be removed as required. The long arm 44a of the lever member 44 extends from the rear to the front end of. the instrument, near one side thereof, passes between the scale 50 and the platen 52 and carNes on its extremity exhibiting means comprising a recording pen or stylus60,which bears. upon. the chart 51 near the right-hand edge of the platen. With changes in pressure values within. the element 37, the lever member 44 will be correspond, ingly deflected, resulting in vertical displacement of the recording member 60, whereby there will be inscribed on. the chart a graphic record of said pressure values. The long arm 44a of the lever member 44 also carries exhibiting means in form of an index or pointer 61 movable with the recording member 60, and providing upon the scale 50 an indication of. the pressure value as recorded upon thechart 51. The long arm 45a of the lever member 45 is extended in substantial parallelism to that of the lever 44 and in non-interfering relationship zthereto, and terminates in exhlbiting means in this case an indicating member 62 co-operating, like the poin. ter 61, with the scale 50. to provide an indication of its deflec- ted position, andhence of the pressure within the element38. The indicating member 62, while reading on the same scale as the pointer 61, moves independently thereof, and may occupy any position with respect thereto, including a position. of coincidence between the two. In order to avoid confusion of reading, the member'62(hereinafter,forreasonswhich will become apparent, referred to as. the o') is made of a different shape from the. pointer 61, a preferred form ibeing that in which it is provided with flanking wings as indicated, so. that it will at t time be wholly concealed by said pointer ^ The long arm 46a of the lever member 46 is extended in a manner similar to those of the levers 44 and 45 and terminates in an index 63, passing preferably on the side of the scale 50 remote from the pointer 61 and the spotter 62, and so formed as to follow a path substantially coincident with that followed by said. pointer and spotter, whereby its deflected position may be matched with that of

either of the same without reference to the actuel scale readings. It will be understood. that any or all of the long arms of the lever members 44,45 and 46 may be replaced by straight- Une motions, well known in the art and form ing no part of the present invention, whereby lo eliminate the need for curvature from. the scale 50 and from the surface of the chart 51. For an understanding of the manner of supporting and securing the instrument assem bly 31 within the case 32, reference may be had. ta Figures 1 and 2 taken in conjunction with the sectional view of Figure 14. To the opposed inner faces of the side walls of the case 32 are secured parallel rail members 70 and 71, extending for a considerable portion of the length of the casing. The base-plate 33 of the instrument assembly 31 is provided with turned-down edge portions 72 and 73 adapted to engage said rails, whereby to support said assemblyinlongitudinallyslidingrelation- ship. Secured to the inner faces of the edge por tions 72 and 73 respectively, and preferably spaced inwardly therefrom, are angle strips 74 and 75 disposed in a manner to project out ward beneath the rails 70 and 71, forming longitudinal grooves or slots wherein said rails may lie, and constraining the plate 33 and parts carried thereby to longitudinal displace ment relative to the enclosing casing 32. Formed in the rail 70 at a location near its fromt end is a gap or slot. 76, seen in Figure 2, and clearly shown in Figures 20-23, inclu sive. Said slot is position for engagement by a latch member 77 carried by the base plate 33 and having a detent portion 78 adap ted to enter said slot as the plate 33 attains a predetermined longitudinal displacement with respect to the casing 32. The latch member 77 is pivotally mounted on the lower face of said base-plate, and by means of a spring member 79 is urged for. angular displacement in a clockwise sense as seen from the bottom of the assembly, and as shown in various figures of the drawings. Said latch member is provided

with a finger piece 80 normally enclosed within the casing 32, but projecting through an open ing in the edge portion 72 when the instru ment assembly is partially withdrawn, and thus accessible for manual operation of the latch. Several possible positions of the latch member 77 in its coacting with the slot 76 are shown in Figures 20,21,22 and 23, and will hereinafter be more fully discussed. The base-plate 33 is provided at its front end with a down vardly projecting lug 81 and the front portion, of the case 32 carries a thumb screw 82 having a mutilated head, whereby as theinstrumentis inserted in the case the lug will pass over the screw, after which the latter may be rotated through a portion of a turn, securing and clamping the instrument assem- bly init!operatingposition. A manually oper 'able knob 83 projecting through the lower por tion of the front of the case 32 is carried by a rotatable rod 84, wherebv to actuate regulating instrumentalities presentlytobe described. A manually operable indicasing handle 85 carried by a rotatable rod 86, whereby to establish the position of a three-way valve also subsequently to be described, projects through the front of the case, may at will be set in any one of three portions designated"AUTOMATIC" "SEAL"and"MANUAL,"or by equivalentabbreviations.Thequickreleasablemount- ing and the indicating apparatus adapted to be releas'ably secured to said mounting so far described and as further describedhereinafter from the subject of divisional application No. 12672/56-(Serial No. 785, 010) and are claimed in combination therein. Attention may now be directed to Figure 3, wherein is diagrammatically.shown a pneumatic. control system in accordance with the invention of. the'parentapplicationwherein is claimed per se the pressure-fluid-actuated apparatusdescribedherein.Theexpress purpose ofthecontrolinstallation used as an example is to measure the temperatureof material within a container or enclosure 90, as determinedbyatemperature-sensitive ele- ment 91 position therem, and on the basis of such measurement to regulate said temperature to a predetermined value by controlling the admission of ; a temperature-affecting agent from a source 92 to heat-exchange relation with said material. The control system embodies additional energy translating means, in form of four more or less mutually distinct

units. These units may be identified as(1)apressure transmitter 95, (2) a control valve 96, (3) a pressure regulator 97, and (4) a force-balance control unit 98. The pressure transmitter 95 is a device adapted to develop a fluid pressure representative of the magnitude ofa measured vari- able. In the formshown, the device 95 is provided with an inlet connected to. a source of substantially constant air pressure 99, and with an outlet connected to a conduit 100, while connection to the temperature-responsive element 9Z1 is provided by means of a capillary tube 101. Transmitters of this class are well known in the. art of telemeteringand.automatic control, and may be of either the force-balance or the position-balancetype.The forcebalance type of pressuretransmitterconsists of a measured fluid pressurebalanced by a pressure of a secondary fluid on opposite sides of a diaphragm sensing element, movements of said diaphragm directly controlling. the supply of secondary nuit tu a balancing chamber and to a pressure transmission system. An exam- ple of such a system is described in detailina paper by C. B. Moore, Instruments Magazine, Volume 18,pages59'S-605(September, 1945). A position-balancetypeoftransmitter can be utilized such as has beenshownin British Patent No. 525,674 issued November 21,1940. Thecontrolvalve96is of a conventional form'well known in the art, and here needs no description. It is provided with a body portion connected to a conduit 102, whereby to regulate the Sow. of heat-affecting agent there- through from the source 92. to container 90. It is further provide with au fluid-pres- sure motor element operatively responsive to fluid pressure in a. conduit 103 connected thereto, whereby to close or open the passage through. the body portion in accordance with the magnitude of said pressure. The pressure regulator 97. and the control unit 98 are both described, in the"Instru- ments"publication by Moore. The regulator is connected to receive a supply of, air from the source 99. and. to deliver it to a connected conduit 104, and at a constant pressure as established by adjustment ejected by the knob 83 through the rod 84. The control unit 98 is adapted to respond to the difference between the pressuresin the conduits 100 and 104 connected thereto, and thereby to supply from the source 99 to a connectedoutletcon- duit 105 an air pressure regulated in accordance with said pressure difference. A three-way valve 106, operable from the handle 85 through the rod 86, has connected thereto the conduits 103,104 and 105 in such a manner that conduit 103 may at will be

connectedtoeitherof.theconduits104and105 or that all three of said conduits may be simul- taneously sealed. The three positions of said valve are indicated in Figures 3, 4 and'5, res- pectively.WhiletheapparatusofFigure3, as thus far described, comprises a complete automaticcontrolsystem,.themannerofoperatively associattingtherecordinginstrument31there- with will be briefly set fort. before considering, the performance of. the controlling, apparatus. The conduits 100,104 and 103 are individually and respectively connected to selfsealing pneumatic receptacles 107, 108 and 109in'a.block 110 mounted in. the rear portison of the enclosing case 32. The internal passages within the mounting members 34,35 and 36 of the instrument 31 are respectively connected to tubular plug members 114, 115 and 116, carried by the base-plate 33 in a manner hereinafter to be set forth, and adapted-to be removably inserted in. the receptacles 107, 108 and 109 whereby to provideseparable connection of the respective conduits 100, 103 , and 104 to the interiors of pressure-responsive bellows members37,39and3.8.Thus,itwill be seen that the pen 60 will provide on the chart51acontinuousrecord,and.thepointer 61 on t-lie scale 50 a continuous indication, of the pressure in the conduit 100, and therefore of the temperature. to which the sensitive element 91 is expose. Similarly, the spotter 62 will provide on. the scale 50 a continuous indication of the adjusted pressure in the conduit 104, against which the pressure in the , conduit 100 is balance in. the control unit 98. Likewise,theindex 63 will provide an indication of the control pressure existing in the conduit 103 and applied to. the motorelementof the valve 96. As previously stated, the scale 50 is pro vided with two sets of graduations, those at the left, as seem in. the drawings, being common. to the pointer 61 and. the spotter 62, and those. at the right cooperating with the index 63 to provide an indication ot itS deflected position. It will be further observed that the index 63 extends across its aliotted graduations so that its tip follows a path substantially coincident with.those of said pointer and spotter, thus facilitating comparision of. the physical positionofsaidindexwith that of either or said last named elements. The graduations on the left-hand side of the scale are in terms of. the controlled variable-in the present instance, temperature-while those on ifhe right-hand edge are in units of pressure applied to the motorelementofthevalve 96. Attention may now be directe te the per- formance of the control system under normal operating conditions. With the three-way valve set

to the "AUTOMATIC" position, as shown in Figure 3, and.asindicated by the manually operable handle 85, the conduit 105 will be placed in direct communication with the conduit 103, so that the output pressure of the control unit 98 will beappliedto the motor element of the valve 96. the pressure in the conduit 104, as adjusted by the regulator 97 according to its manual setting by means of the knob 835 and as indicated by the spotter 62 on the scale 50 ; will be impressed upon one side of the differentially responsive ele- ment forming a part of the control unit 98. The pressure in. the coaduit 100, representa- itive of the temperature in the enclosure 90, will be opposed in the control unit to said ad- justed pressure, whereby there will be produced at. the ; outlet of said unit. and impressed through the conduits 105 and 103 up. on the motor ele- ment of. the valve 96 a pressure representing the. difference of said opposed pressures. By suitable interrelation of elements, and by adjustments well known in. the art, but forming no part of the present invention, the performance of the valve 96 may be made such that its admission of temperature-effecting agent-to the enclosure 90 will be of a sense and magnitude to tend. to reduce to zero the difference between the opposed pressure applied to the control unit 98, and thus to maintain the tem- perature in said enclosure at a value predetermined by the setting of the regulator 97 through manual adjustment of the knob 83. If the valve 106 be turned to the position shown in Figure 4, with the handle 85 opposite "SEAL"on the associated plate, the conduits 103,104 and 105 will become mutually isolated, and sWaled. Thuss ffuid in the conduit 103 will be trapped, so that the pressure applied to the motorelementofthevalve96 will remain constant, and the valve will rest in its established position. Pressure in the conduit 105 will continue to be regulated by the control unit 98 but will be ineffective to produce any operative result. Pressure in. the conduit 104 will continue subject to adjustment by the regulator 97, and will be indicated by , the spotter 62 in the instrument 31, but will produce no effect on. the operation of the system. If the valve 106 be turned to the position shown in Figure 5, designated"MANUAL" the conduit 105 will remain cut off from the control valve and the pressure in the conduit 104 will be directly applied. through the conduit 103,io the motor element of the valve 96. Since said pressure iis adjustablebysettingof the regulator 97, the operation of the control -valve 96 thus becomes directly subject to the knob 83, whereby the opening of said valve may be manually established at any desired value. Attention may now be directed to details of the mechanical features characterizing. the mounting of the removable instrument 31 in the

enclosing casing 32, and to the manner of its removal and replacement. Referring to Figures 15-19 inclusive, it will be seen that the mounting members 34, 35 and 36 which extend through the base-plate 33 are provided with short pipe or, tubular projections 120, 121 and 122 respectively, interiorly communicating with said mounting member and thus with the interiors of the respectively attached Suid-pressure-responsive elements.'JL'he tubular projections 120 and 121 are extended a short dis. tance toward the front t of the instru- ment near its ce, nter line, and. he, tube 122 is directly connected to the hollow plug member 116, which in turn is suppcrted and maintained in alignment with the receptacle 109 by means of a mounting block 123 secured to the lower face of the plate 33 at, its rear extremity and toward one side thereof. The tubular plug members 114 and 115 are each carried by a block member 125 which in . turn is secured to one extremity of a rod 126 slidably mounted in rackets 127 and 128 positioned on the lower surface of plate 33. Also carried by th rock member 125 are rearwardly projecting tubular members 130 and 131 internally communicating respectively with the tubular plug members 114 and 115. Internal communication between the tubular member 130 and the tubular projection 120 is provided by means of a looped element 132 formed of nexible tubing of material such as that known under. the Registered Trade Mark "Sarann"and coupled at its extremities with said tubular member and projection. Similar connection is made between the tubular member 131 and the tubuiar projection 121 by means of a looped flexible element 133. The rod 126, is, in the present instance, provided with a keyway, as indicated, in which a pin rides to constrain the same against rotation about its axis, whereby its displacement relative to its mounting is rendered solely longitudinal. Rod 126 may otherwise be con strained against rotation as by being splined or formed of non-circularcross-section. A yieldable spring-Jateh 135 resiliondy secured t, the block HO. and engaging a lip portion of the block 125 tends. to maintain. the same mutually juxtaposed, so that as the plate 33 is subjected to withdrawal from the enclosing casing 32 along the rails 70-71 the tubular plug members 114 and 115 for a portionof said withdrawal are retained in engagement with the receptacles 107 and 108 respectively, communication between the pressure-respon- sive members 37-38 and the control piping being maintained through the looped flexible tubular elements 132 and 133 which, as indicated in the respective figures of the drawings, will be yieldably deformed with different relativepositionsofthes!tatlon'aryand.themovable parts of

the combination. Longitudinal excursion of the rod 126 rela tive to its supports is limited by a head portion 136 formed upon the forward extremity of said rod, whereby upon withdrawal of the plate 33 beyond a predetermined distance, as indicated inFigures16and17, said head portion is engaged by the bracket 127, and the rod 125 and the block 125 carriedthereby forciblydisplacedagainst the influence of the spring-latch 135, withdrawing the tubular plugs 114 and 115 from their corresponding receptaclesandfullydisconnectingthe recording instrumentfromthecontrolpiping, as indicated in Figures 17 and 19. When the instrumentassembly 31 is located in its normal operating position and fully in- serted within the case 32, and secured therein by means of the retainingscrew82,the.three tubular plug members 114, 115 and 11. 6 are in operativecommunicationwiththeir respectively associated receptacles, as indicated in Figure 15, andthelatchmember 7.7 carried by the base-plate 33, occupes the position indicated in Figure 20, beingconstrained inwardly by engagementof.thedetentportion 78 with the unbroken side face of the rail 70, and exerting no holding action. In order,, o withdraw the instrumentassem- bly from the case, the retaining screw 82 is .rotatedtoapositionwith its flat side uppermost,as.indicated in Figure 2, when it will clear. the lug 81, leaving the instrument assem- bly free for longitudinal displacement. As the assembly is withdrawn the blocks 125 and 110 are maintained in mutual engagement by the spring-latch135,.andthebrackets127and 128 slide freely along the rod 126. Displace- ment of the base-plate 33 with. respect to the rod 126 and block 125 iscoordinatedwiththe longitudinal positioning of. the detent 78 and the slot 76. in the rail 70 so that as the a. ssembly is partially withdrawn. the latch 77 will assume the position indicated in Figure 14, thedetentportion78entering.theslot'and providing a positive restraint against further withdrawal at the same time as the bracket 127, sliding along the rod d 126 approaches the head pordoti.13'6.Underthiscondition, the relativedisposiitionofco'opera'cingelements beneath the plate 33 is. as indicated in Figure 16, the blocks 125 and 110 remaining in cooperative engagement. and pressure-fluid connections being maintained batween the receptacles 10.7-M8andtherespectivelyassociated pressure-responsive members of the partially withdrawninstrument.assembly.. In the partially withdrawn position of the instrument assembly 31, as determined by the latch member 77 in. its engagement with the slot 76, the indicating and recording instrumentalities,comprising the scale 50 and cooperating pointers, the chart 51 and chart-drive, as well as the

recording pen 60, arerenderedreadilyaccessible for inspectionand servicing, while at the same time remaining operative to produce an indication and an uninterrupted record of the controlled variable, as well as an indication of the control point.. In the present . instance, only two ofthepressure-responsive elements, those representing the controlled variableand.thesetpoint, remainoperative underthecondition,ofpartialwithdrawalof the instrument assembly, but as indicated in Figure 3, all the pressure-deflecting members may remain active under such condition, and thesamecanbeeffected by modincatiofi of the designofthecooperatingplugandreceptacle members. Since the mechanical connections between. the handle 85 and. the valve 10'6 and betweentheknob83.and.theregulator97are incorporated within the stationary casing 32 and are in no waydisturbedbywithdrawalof the instrumentassembly,mwillbeapparent that while the instrument is m. this condition complete control is retained, with indication of the set point and both an indication and a record of. hue measured and controlled variable. Should it become d sirable. to. effet complete withdrawal of. the instrument assembly 31 from the. casing 32, the detent. 78 is released from engagement wmth the slot 76 by manual depression of the nnger-piece80, shown in'Figures 1 and 16 as projecting through the edge portion 72 of. the plate 33 slightly to the front of the enclosing casing 32. The latch member thus disengages the slot 76 and assumes the position indicated'in Figure 22 releasingtheinstrumentassembly for, complete withdrawal from. the case, as indicated in Figure L7. As said assembly is wi. thdrawn, the bracket 127 engages the head portion 136 of the rod 126, thereby overcoming the restralnt. ofthespring-latch135and withdrawing the block 125 and the plugs 114 and 115 from engagement withthe.block 110 and the receptacles loi7 and 108 respectively, hereuponsaidreceptaclesexercise.their selfsealing. characteristic to close the associated conduits against leakage to the atmosphere, and the spring-latch 13 5 reverts to the position indicated in Figure 19. At the same time, the latch 77, passing the forward extremiy of the rail 70, assumes the position shown in Figure 23. As hereinbefore pointedout,removalof the complete instrument assembly 31 from its enclosing case does not in any way interfere with the performance of the control system. As, this removal is effected,. the self-sealing receptacles 107, 108 and 109 cut off escape of pressure fluid in the associated conduits 100, 103 and 104 ; and, while removal of the instrument eliminates from. the system the nor- mal means for quantitatively determining the regulated variable or. the set point of the control, the apparatus

will continue to operate as a"blind"controller performing all its regu- latory functions in a normal manner. It is to be understood that while the present invention is especially well suited for use in and has been described in connection with a pneumatically actuated system, many of its important advantages are attained when the invention is utilize withother. types of appara- tus. In particular,. the electrically operated devices of an electrical system may be mounted on base-plate 33 in casing 32 and corresponding electrical connecting devices are then utilized in place of those shown. In, the operation of practically all automatic control installations there arise occasions where it becomes desirable that regulation of the variable be rendered subjectto the command zozo manually actuable means. This is especi- ally true at times of starting up and of shutting down a process; but such occasions may develop at any time, and should be fully provided forintheinstallation. When transfer is made from automatic to manual, or from manual to automatic,control, it is of course desirable that such transfer should be as nearly ! as possible", bumpless,"i. e. that tlle main control valve should not be subjected to any umuence tending to cause it to make an abrupt change. in its position. In a pneumatc control system, which hasbeen selected as best exem- plifying the present invention,. this bumpless characteristic requires that as control is transferred from automatic to manual,, or vice versa, the fluid pressures reaching the motor element of the control valve under the respective conditions be mutually equal at the instant of transfer. The peculiar adaptability of the present. apparatus to the fulfillment of this condition will be apparent from a consideration ofthemannerinwhichsuchtransfers are effected. It may first be assumed thalt the installa- tion is performing normalcontrolundera substantiallysteady-statecondition,withthe.three way valve 106 in the position shown in Figure 3 this beingindicatedbythehandle 85 pointing toward"AUTOMATIC"as in Figure 9of. the drawings. The spotter 62 is set at a value of 5. 4 on the left-hand graduations (which might, for example, represent a temperature of 540 degrees) ; and the pointer 61 in following the normal variations of automatic control is shown at a point slightly beIow the spatter. It may now be assumed that it is desired to change from automatic to manual control. The three-way valve 106 is first set to the"SEAL"posi. as shown in Figure 4 and as indicated in Figure 10. This entraps. the air in conduit 103 at its last-regu- lated pressure as indicated by the index 63 on the scale 50. In order that there be no abrupt change in pressure as manual control rol is introduced, it is essential

thatthispressure be not suddenly changed at that time. Thus, the pressure in the conduit 104 should be the same as that in the conduit 103 before communia- tion-between the same is established. To effect this condition, it is necessary only to adjust the former of said pressures by manipulation of the regulator 97 through, the control knob 83. As the position of. the spotter 62 is representative of said pressure, there is thus provided a means of comparing the two pressures pr. or to completing the transfer. By observing , the position of. the spotter 62, and without regarding its scale reading, adjustmentof the pressure in the conduit 104 may be effected until said spotter is in line with the index 63, as indicated in Figure 7, at which time the two pressures are matched, and. the three-way valve 106 may be turned to the"MANUAL" position, as shown in Figure 5 and as indicated in Figure 11, without any change in pressure applied to the valve motor and without any"bump"in die control. The degree of opening of the control valve 96 is now wholly subject to. the pressure in the intercommunicating conduits 103 and 104 as regulated by the setting of the control knob 83 ; and this may be varied at will, so long as the valve 106 remains set in the "MANUAL"position. During such time the pointer 61 will continue to indicate, and the pen or stylus 60 to record, the value of the controlled variable, while the spotter 62 and the. index 63 will remain in coinc dent positions indicating the pressure applied to the motor element of. the control valve 96. The procedure for effecting a transition from manual to automatic control is substantially the= reverse of that set forth for introducing manual control. The valve 106 is first set to the"SEAL"position, as shown in Figure 4 and as indicated in Figure 12, thus entrapping air in the motor element of the : valve 96 and in the conduit 103 at a pressure at last established by the regulator 97. Assuming a reasonably steady-state condition, this pressure will be such as to cause. the regulated variable to have a value as indicated by the pointer61.Byadjusting the regulator 97 until the spotter 62 assumes a position in coincidence with said pointer, the air pressure in the conduit 104, balancing in the control unit 98 that in the conduit 100, will cause the pressure in the conduit 105 to attain a pressure corresponding to that in the conduit 103, whereupon, the valve 106 may be thrown to the position shown in Figure 3 anid as indicated in Figure 13 without abrupt change of pressure im the motor element of. the control valve 96, thus completing a"bumpless"re- establishment of automatic control.

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* GB785012 (A)

Description: GB785012 (A) ? 1957-10-23

New n-acylated hydroxy prolines and their use in obtaining d-hydroxyprolineand l-hydroxyproline

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,012 f f i Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 8, 1955. No 6827/55. Application made in France on March 29, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 2 B( 10: 34), C 3 A 7 (A 4: D: El: H: L). International Classification:-C 07 c, d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION New N-Acylated Hydroxy Prolines and their use in obtaining D-Hydroxyproline and L-Hydroxyproline We, UCLAF, formerly known as Usines Chimiques Des Laboratoires Francais, of 89, Rue du Cherche-Midi, Paris, VI , France, a Body Corporate organised according to the laws of France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we

pray that a patent may be granted us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - In co-pending Application No 6828/55 (Serial No 785,013) there is described and claimed a process for the production of Dand L-proline, which comprises reacting L( +)or D (-) thzreo 1 p nitrophenyl2-amino-propane-1,3-diol as a solution agent with N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-proline in an inert solvent inl which only one of the two enantiomorphs gives a salt with the resolution agent sparingly soluble in the solvent, separating the salts of the two enantiomorphs by means of the difference in their solubility, liberating the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D and -L-proline from their separated salts with the resolution agent by treatment with a base followed by acidification, and saponifying the resulting D and L-N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylprolines separately to form D and L-proline respectively. The D-()-threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol has the property that it gives with N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-L-proline a salt which is sparingly soluble in water or certain organic solvents while the corresponding salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D-proline remains dissolved Conversely and under the same conditions the L-( + -base gives with the D-form of the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylated amino acid a sparingly soluble salt while the corresponding salt of the L-form remains in solution In each of these cases alkaline treatment of the insoluble compound followed by acidification leads, after recovery of the resolution reagent, to the required optically active form of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylproline; similar treatment of the filtrate leads to the corresponding enantiomorph Hydrolysis of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylproline after resolution gives rise to the corresponding D or L-proline without racemisation. In following up the study of resolution by means of D-( -) and L-( +)-threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2-amino-propane,1,3-diols, it has now been found that DL-hydroxy-proline, I, may likewise be resolved by means of its N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylated derivative as an intermediate, II, while using these reagents In this case, in contradistinction to proline, the sparingly soluble salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-Dhydroxy-proline is given by the D-base; the sparingly soluble salt of the L-enantiomorph is the one with the L-base. Ho H,{Lc Io.o I NO& ' ' 2 a In this way N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl Lhydroxyproline may be obtained starting from N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-hydroxyproline with a yield of 90 %; this represents a considerable advance over the known method for the resolution of this amino acid For example, Leuchs and Bormann (Ber Dtsch chem Ges 1919, 52, 2086) resolve the N-phenylisocyanate of

DL-hydroxyproline by means of its quinine salt as intermediate with a yield which would not be greater than 30 % Furthermore, according to the process of the invention the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylation of hydroxyproline is practically quantitative and hydrolysis of the resolved product leads to the optically active hydroxyproline without appreciable racemisation taking place. Thus the present invention consists in a process for obtaining D-hydroxyproline and L-hydroxyproline, which comprises reacting D-(-) or L-( +)-threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2aminopropane-l,3-diol as resolution reagent with N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-hydroxyproline in an inert solvent in which only one of the two enantiomorphs gives a salt with the resolution reagent which is sparingly soluble in the solvent (examples of such an inert solvent are water, aqueous dioxane, alcohol, or another organic solvent which is miscible with water), separating (e g, by filtering or centrifuging) the salts of the two enantiomorphs by means of the difference in their solubility, liberating the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D and Lhydroxyprolines from their separated salts by treatment with a base followed by acidification, and saponifying the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-Dand L-,hydroxy-prolines separately so as to produce D and L-hydroxyproline respectively The resolution reagent itself may be obtained in the optically active form according to the method described by Velluz, Amiard and Joly (Bull Soc Chim, 1953, p 342). The following compounds are new and form part of the present invention: -compound II above (racemic and both enantiomorphs), the salt of N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl D hydroxyproline with D-()-threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2aminopropane-1,3-diol, and the salt of N-3,5dinitrobenzoyl-L-hydroxyproline with L-(+)threo 1 p nitrophenyl 2 aminopropane-1,3-diol to vary the nature of the solvent, the temperatures of dissolution and of crystallisation and the time for cooling without going outside the ambit of the present invention as defined in the claims. The following examples illustrate the invention without, however, limiting it. EXAMPLE 1. Preparation of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D,Lhydroxyproline. g of DL-hydroxyproline are dissolved in 200 cc of normal sodium hydroxide solution, cooling at O C is effected and 22 g of freshly pulverised 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride are added during one minute while stirring vigorously The reaction mixture is removed from the cooling bath and is stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature After filtration the material is heated to 50 C and 21 cc of concentrated hydrochloric acid are introduced In this way, after cooling, 24 g.

( 96 %) of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-hydroxyproline, melting point= 205-207 C, are obtained This product is new, EXAMPLE 2. Resolution and preparation of D and Lhydroxyprolines. a) Formation of the salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-L-hydroxyproline with L-( +)threo 1 p nitrophenyl 2 aminopropane-1,3-diol. 20 g of N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl D,Lhydroxyproline are dissolved in 160 cc of dioxane containing 5 % of water at 80 C and 13.5 g of L-( +)-ttreo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2aminopropane-1,3-diol are added at this temperature Cooling to 25 C is effected and the resulting salt is filtered with suction while stirring; the salt is then washed twice with cc of dioxane containing 5 % of water. The hydrated salt melts at 140-141 C, l.lD 20 = _ 78 o + 2 ( 1 % concentrate in water) 70 The salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-L-hydroxyproline and L-( +)-thireo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2aminopropane-1, 3-diol has not yet been described The yield of the dried product is 14.7 g ( 89 %) 75 b) Preparation of N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl Lhydroxyproline. 14.7 g of the above salt are treated with 32 cc of normal sodium hydroxide solution. Dissolution of the product takes place and then 80 crystallisation of L( +) threo 1 p nitrophenyl 2 aminopropane 1,3 diol which is filtered with suction and washed with a little water In this way 4 8 g ( 35 5 %O) of the resolution reagent are recovered The filtrate 85 obtained as above is acidified by means of 3 5 cc of concentrated hydrochloric acid, saturated with sodium chloride, and the resulting material is extracted four times with 15, 10, and 5 cc respectively of ethyl acetate The 90 organic solution is washed with a little water, drying is effected over magnesium sulphate and then removal of solvent by evaporation. 8.3 g of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-L-hydroxyproline ( 83 %) (based on the N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl 95 DL-hydroxyproline used as a starting material) are obtained lIlD = 147 _+ 2 ( 1, concentration in 50 % ethanol) This product is new. c) Separation of L-hydroxyproline 100 A solution of 2 5 g of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylL-hydroxyproline is heated for 40 minutes at reflux in 25 cc of 5 N hydrochloric acid. Filtration is effected, evaporation to dryness in a vacuum and crystallisation from acetone of 105 the resulting hydrochloride of L-hydroxyproline This material is taken up in 1 volume of water, 0 7 cc of aniline are added and then 12 cc of boiling absolute alcohol In this way, after cooling, 0 87 g ( 87 %) of crystalline L 110 hydroxyproline are obtained, melting point 273-274 C, lal,D 20 =-77 + 1 ( 1 %' concentration in water). d) Separation of D-hydroxyproline.

There is evaporated to dryness the solution 115 from which the salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylL-hydroxyproline with L-( +)-threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol has crystallised and the resulting material is taken up in a little water By treating this concentrated 120 aqueous solution with 40 cc of normal sodium hydroxide solution there are recovered as indicated at b) above 7 2 g ( 53 %) of the resolution reagent The filtrate is saturated with sodium chloride and 5 cc of cencentrated 125 hydrochloric acid are added and extraction with ethyl acetate is effected as at b) above. The organic solution is concentrated to 20 cc. and by cooling 1 5 g ( 7 5 %) of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-proline are recovered which may 130 785,012 785,012 3 be used for a fresh resolution Filtration is effected, thein evaporation to dryness and 9 5 g. ( 95 %) of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D-hydroxyproline are obtained which are contaminated with a small quantity of racemate; lAlD = + 115 _ 2 ( 1 % concentration in 50 % ethanol) The corresponding D-hydroxyproline is obtained by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid effected in the manner indicated at c) for L-hydroxyproline. EXAMPLE 3. Preparation of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-Dhydroxyproline by means of D-(-)threo-l-p-nitrophenyl-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol. The impure N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl Dhydroxyproline obtained in accordance with the preceding example at d) is treated with D (-) threo, 1 p nitrophenyl 2aminopropane-1,3-diol as indicated in the case of L-( +)-threol-p-nitrophenyl-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol In this way there is obtained the hydrated salt of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-Dhydroxyproline with D-(-)-threo-1-p-nitrophenyl 2 aminopropane -1,3-diol, melting point = 140-141 C lalD 20 = + 780 + 2 ( 1 % concentration in water) This product is new. It leads, as indicated in Example 2 at b), to N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-D-hydroxyproline in the amorphous state, la D 2 '= + 1470 + 2 ( 1 % concentration in 50 % ethanol), and then, as shown in the preceding example at c), to Dhydroxyproline in the optically pure state, lHlD= + 77 + 1 ( 1 % concentration in water) The N 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl Dhydroxyproline has not yet been described.

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