4.6 Execution of Louis XVI and Reign of...
Transcript of 4.6 Execution of Louis XVI and Reign of...
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4.6 Execution of Louis XVI and Reign of Terror
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Great Fear Sweeps France
II. Peasants marched to
Versailles and demanded
King and Queen come to
Paris…They did.
I. Peasants fear violence from nobles
A. Did this happen? No
B. What did happen? Peasants
became outlaws. The king
prepares an army to take control…
III. Women March to Versailles
Infuriated women walked 12
miles in the rain to Versailles,
angry with the Royal Court’s
extravagance.
Also happening…
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The King and Queen Arrive in Paris
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After two years of signing laws for the National Assembly, Louis wants to
get help from foreign lands so, Louis XVI tries to escape to the
Netherlands (or Austria)…
BUT is caught by
postmaster at near
French border…
… and the Royal Family is returned to Paris
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The King and Queen Arrive in Paris
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Louis’ Plot• Once back in Paris, Louis
and family act like they
are supporting the
Revolution
• Marie has been sending
letters to Austria
• War breaks out between
France and Austria
• Louis and Marie are seen
as traitors!!
• Frenchmen go crazy and
attack…Louis is stripped
of power and family is put
in jail
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1792 - Despite Gains, Fear Persists
Upon returning, French mobs attack King
because he was aligned with foreigners. With
war problems abroad, mobs feared he would
re-establish control.
What happens? Attack of Monarchy in
Prison & 1,000 people die.
Radicals Assert Control – Jacobin Club
removes the King and establishes a
republic
New Government = National Convention
Abolishes Monarchy
Tries King Louis XVI
Finds him…Guilty
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King Louis XVI Executed - 1793
Off
with
his
head
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Guillotine -
Head chopping machine
created by a doctor to be
a more humane way to
kill people…yes, a
doctor!
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The Guillotine
Supporters said it was:
Efficient
More humane
No pain
Opponents said it:
It was too quick to be
enjoyed by public
Rather pull victims apart
by horses; broken on a
wheel
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Louis XVI as a Pig
c To some, the king was a traitor.
c Others felt that the Revolution had gone far enough and didn’t want to execute the king
[maybe exile him].
Actual
cartoon
of the
time!
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Marie Antoinette as a Serpent
The “Widow Capet”
Actual
cartoon
of the
time!
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Robespierre was
able to raise an army
of 800,000 citizen
soldiers - the biggest
army ever assembled
in Europe.
Raising An Army…
…and Executing the Queen
October 16, 1793
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Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine
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Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793
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The political group – the Jacobin Club
forms the “Committee of Public Safety”
is was led by Maximillian Robespierre.
Their objective: wipe out France’s
monarchy in both present and past
How?
• Execute the “unpatriotic”: between
20,000 - 40,000 are killed
• Removed monarchy from playing
cards
• Removed Sundays from calendars
• Closed Church on Sunday
• Trial and execution on the same day
• 85% killed were common peasants
who supposedly benefited from the
Revolution
The Reign of Terror
Maximilien Robespierre
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The Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. --
Robespierre
Let terror be the order of the day!
c The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims
in 15 months.
c The total number of victims nationwide was
over 20,000!
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Different Social Classes Executed
31%
28%
7%
8%
25%
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End of the Terror
Fellow radicals –
fearing their own
lives and
positions – turn
on Robespierre
and kill him
People had grown tired of the
Terror, were angry at rising food
prices, and Robespierre’s new
ideas/changes
Moderate leaders of the National
Convention draft a new government
– the 3rd in 6 years.
also…
so…
Robespierre is executed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otnADq4Y0-A
(Spoof recap 3:37)
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The Arrest of Robespierre
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The Revolution Consumes (or ate)Its Own Children!
Robespierre lies woundedbefore the Revolutionary
Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.
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The “Monster” Guillotine
The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!