* GB784963 (A)

Description: GB784963 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to pocket stapling machines

Description of GB784963 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7849963 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 10, 1955. Application made in France on July 20, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 89 ( 3), C 4. International Classification:-B 25 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Pocket Stapling Machines We, GAUT BLANCAN, a French Body Corporate of 3, Rue Lavoisier, Pantin (Seine), France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to small, socalled "pocket", stapling machines which either permit U-shaped staples to be driven through several sheets of paper or other material to be joined together, the two branches of each staple being then turned. over by an anvil forming part of the stapling machine, or else permitting the two branches of each staple simply to be driven into a wall of any kind in order to affix a document or other sheet to said wall, the staple then acting as a tack and the stapling machine as a tacking machine. Pocket stapling machines are already known in which the staples are driven into the documents to be secured together by a knife which is formed simply by one of the ends of a leaf spring intended through its elasticity to effect the return of said knife. An arrangement of the foregoing type requires that the knife shall have play in its slide in order to absorb the transverse clearance of said knife resulting from the oscillation of the spring about a fixed

transverse line situated externally of and some distance from the plane of the knife; the latter is accordingly not very accurately guided Moreover, the return of the knife into its upper position is more or less uncertain which may lead to jamming of the stapling machine. One of two things is furthermore found, i.e, either the spring is made of highly tempered steel, so that the knife has adequate strength, in which case said spring is fragile and liable to break, or else the spring is made of semi-hardened steel in order to prolong its life, and in this case the knife lacks the requisite hardness. The present invention provides a pocket stapling machine improved with a view to overcoming the somewhat conflicting disadvantages mentioned above In the machine according to the invention the knife, which 50 is freely engaged by its resilient return device, is guided by two pairs of lugs, one in front and the other at the rear, those in front being solid with the guide rail for the staples and those at the rear with a bolt 55 which is secured on said rail and provided with an auxiliary lug projecting forwardly through a vertical aperture in the knife which is thus held laterally and the vertical stroke of which is limited by the length of 60 the aperture. According to a further feature of the invention the spring for returning the knife into its upper position is constituted by a hairpin-shaped resilient rod, one of the limbs 65 of which passes through the knife through a hole provided in the upper part of the latter, while the other enables the bolt to be locked on the rail to form a kind of keeper pin passing through lugs integral with the rail and 70 projecting through holes in the bolt. Other features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings which are given solely by way of example and in which: 75 Fig 1 is a longitudinal section through an improved stapling machine according to the invention; Fig 2 is a cross-section' on the line 2-2 in Fig 1 of the rocking head of the stapling 80 machine; Fig 3 is a cross-section on the line 3-3 in Fig 1 through the stapling machine as a whole; and Fig 4 is a partial view, in perspective, of 85 the rocking head. In accordance with the form of construction illustrated, the stapling machine is intended to deposit U-shaped staples A having the contour a b c d (Fig 2) For this pur 9 o No 28731155. 2784,963 pose the stapling machine has, in known manner, a base B and a rocking head C pivoted on the base B about a rear transverse axis X-X (Figs 1 and 3). The base B is constituted by a plate 1 stiffened by two side flanges 2 extending longitudinally of the plate The plate l forms at its front end an anvil 3 provided with two depressions 3 a intended to ensure

the turning 1 o over of the limbs a b and c d of the staple A when the latter is ejected from the head C through the work previously laid upon said anvil in order to be stapled It is to be noted that if the staple is to be "tacked" when deposited, the base B is folded backwards beyond the head C, as is known. The head C comprises a part designated as a whole by the reference 7 and forming at the same time a hinged support on the base and a rail guiding the staples This rail is of substantially U-shape in, crosssection with an upper table 8 and flanges 9 directed downwards By means of these flanges the rail 7 is articulated about the 2.5 axis X-X on the base B In addition, at a point level with each projection 4 of the base B, the flanges 9 have a hole 10 (Fig 1) of a diameter larger than that of the corresponding projection 4, thus enabling the head assembly to rock about the axis X-X between the raised position shown in Fig 1 and a lowered position in which the rail 7 bears against the anvil 3 of the base. It will be noted that the projections 4 have rounded heads so as to permit their disengagement from the holes 10 in order that the base B may be folded backwards in line with the head C for the purpose of loading the machine with staples and for "tacking". In the position of engagement of the projections 4 in the holes 10, the head C is held, when at rest, at a distance from the base B by a torsion spring 11 wound helically about the pin 6, one of the leads 12 of said spring taking a bearing against the base B, while the other lead 13 bears beneath the table 8 of the rail 7. Over substantially the front half of the length of the rail the two flanges 9 of the latter have their edges bent horizontally inwards at 14 in order to act as a support for the staples A which can be introduced into the rail, after bending the base B backwards and turning the head C upside down, by engaging them between the straight unbent rear portions of the wings of said rail and then sliding said fasteners forwards After they have been placed in position in the rail the fasteners are pressed towards the front, in the direction of the arrows f' (Fig 1) by the front limb of a U-shaped presser piece 15, urged in the direction of said arrow f' by a spring 16 The latter is coiled around a rod 17 the forvard portion of which is slidable in the presser piece 15 while its rear end is solid with an abutment plate 18 which bears in the rail 7 against the turns of the spring 11 wound about the pin 6. The first staple A' to be used is in abutment against the bent-over front ends 19 of 70 the flanges 9 of the rail 7 which assists in guiding the staple when it is deposited. These bent-over front ends 19 are each extended upwardly to form a lug 20 intended, in combination with the internal faces of 75 said

bent-over ends 19, to provide a front guide for a pushing piece 21 commonly known as a "knife" and intended, by its descent, to displace downwardly, in the direction of the arrow f' (Fig 1), the staple 80 A' by bearing on the transverse portion b c of said staple. The knife 21 is in the form of a frame. It comprises a rectangular window 22 elongated in the vertical direction and is further 85 more provided at its upper end with two lateral extensions 23 the purpose of which will be specified hereinafter. At the rear the knife 21 is guided bv a second pair of lugs 24 provided at the front 90 end of a bolt 25 which bolts the knife 21 in the stapling machine with the aid of a front lug 26, the latter forming an extension of said bolt and being engaged in the window 22 of the knife It will be seen that the 95 vertical stroke of the knife is thus limited between the upper position of rest illustrated in the figures of the drawings, and in particular in Fig 4, and in which the lower edge of the window 22 bears against the 100 undersurface of the lug 26 of the bolt, and a depressed position in which the upper transverse edge of the window 22 is, in turn, in abutment with the upper surface of the lug 26 105 The bolt 25 is held against the upper face of the table 8 of the rail 7 in the following manner In the said bolt two transverse windows 27 are formed through each of which a lug 28 cut out of the table 8 of the 110 rail projects upwardly The lugs are themselves held by a lower limb 29 forming the keeper pin of a hairpin spring the two limbs 29 and 30 of which are connected by a few spiral turns 31 engaged on a supporting axis 115 32 carried by two lugs 33 struck up from the bolt 25. The upper limb 30 of the spring constitutes the operative resilient member of said spring Its front end is in fact engaged in a 120 hole 34 in the knife 21 and tends to return said knife into the upper position of rest illustrated. The stapling machine is completed by an ornamental casing 35 of U-shaped section, 125 through the side walls of which towards their rear ends the pin 6 passes while its centre part is extended in relation to the sides and bent over on the one hand at the front, once vertically at 36 (Fig 1) and a second 130 784,963 time horizontally at 37, and on the other hand transversely at 38 to form two ears which are notched at their upper part 39 in order to act as lugs or supports for the latetal lugs 23 of the knife 21 (Figs 1 and 2). A leaf spring 40 (Figs 1 and 2) bent into the shape of a U bears on the one hand against the table 8 of the rail 7 and on the other hand against the internal surface of the intermediate part of the casing 35, lifting the latter into the limit position illustrated in which the bent-over lug 37 abuts from below upwardly against the lug 26 of

the bolt 25 In this position of rest, the knife 21 raised by the spring 30 thus has its upper edge abutting against the casing. Finally the casino 35 preferably has its intermediate portion formed with a window 41 in which the spring 40 holds an ornamental plate 42 which may advantageously bear the trade-mark of the stapling machine. The stapling machine operates in the customary manner Thus, held in the open position as shown in Fig 1 between the thumb of one hand bearing on the casing 35 and the fingers of the same hand folded under the base B, the machine is engaged over the sheets F to be secured together. Then, bringing the thumb towards the fingers of the hand, the rocking head assembly C is made to pivot about the axis X-X in the direction of the arrow fl, opposing the action of the spring 11, in relation to the base B. The head C, as a unit, first approaches the sheets F and then, as soon as the rail 7 bears against said sheets by the bent edges 14 of its side walls and applies them to the anvil 3, by continuing to bring together the thumb ano fingers of the hand, the casing 35 is caused to pivot downwardly in relation to the rail 7, the casing carrying with it the knife 21, while the springs 30 and 40 are flexed It will be seen that the knife is guided perfectly by the two pairs of Jugs 20 and 24, without its vertical descent being hindered by its sliding connection with the spring 30 The knife presses down, in the direction of the arrow f 2, the first staple A', the limbs of which pass through the sheets F and are then turned over in the depressions 3 X 2 of the anvil 3. As soon as the pressure of the hand is released, the springs 11, 30 and 40 return the parts into the position of rest shown in the drawings. Reloading of the stapling machine with staples presents no difficulty The base B having been folded backwards, all that is necessary is to remove the presser piece 15 by grasping the abutment plate 18, which is disengaged from its support against the spring 11, so that the presser piece can be withdrawn rearwardly beyond the bent-over edges 14 of the rail in order to introduce a fresh packet of staples which need only be pushed towards the front in order to be able to return the presser piece into place. As will be clear, the use of the stapling stapling machine is extremely simple and its operation entirely dependable; it is practi 70 cally incapable of jamming, since the knife 21 is guided perfectly by the pairs of lugs and 24 and by its being held by the two upper lugs 23 between the top of the casing and the notches 39 of its bent-over ears 75 38. Furthermore the spring 30, which is independent of the knife, may be made of semihardened steel, enabling it to resist a great number of

flexions, while the knife may for 80 its part be made of highly tempered steel, thus avoiding any danger of twisting. The invention is naturally not limited in any way to the embodiment illustrated and described, which has been selected merely 85 by way of example, but is defined in the following claims.

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* GB784964 (A)

Description: GB784964 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Multiple step press

Description of GB784964 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,964 Date of Application and filing Complete Ho Specification: Oct13, 1955 No 29144155. Application made in United States of America on Oct 25, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 138 ( 2), E 1 A 6 A 2. International Classification:-DO 6 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Multiple Step Press We, FORSE CORPORATION, formerly known as FORSE EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, of West 14th Street, Anderson, Indiana, United States of America, a Corporation organised under the laws of the State of Indiana, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to presses and, although not limited to, is of particular advantage for use in connection with garment presses.

In various types of presses, as, for instance, garment presses, it is necessary in the interest of expediency that the major portion of the closing stroke be effected quickly at a relatively low pressure and that only the very last portion of the closing stroke is effected slowly and at a high pressure so that full pressure acts upon the garment to be pressed. A known garment press of this type substantially comprises a stationary padded buck co-operating with a press head which latter is carried by a lever system arranged in such a manner that the press head during its closing stroke first tilts about one pivot and during the very last phase of its closing stroke tilts about another pivot closer to the press head than the first mentioned pivot. This change in the effective pivots for the two phases of the closing stroke of the press head is brought about by a two-surface cam The primary drawback of this arrangement consists in that said two-surface cam must carry the entire load efective during and throughout the entire pressing operation with the resuit that relatively rapid wear of said cam and the roller co-operating therewith is unavoidable, particularly because the said cam and roller frictionally engage each other during the closing operation under high pressure Moreover the shifting from one pivot lPrice 3/6 l to the other pivot is effected in a somewhat jerky manner. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a press which will overcome the above mentioned drawbacks 50 It is another object of this invention to provide a multiple step press in which the load during the last phase of the closing stroke of the press head and throughout the actual pressing operation will ultimately not 55 be taken up by any elements moving relative to each other during the last phase of the closing stroke of the press head and during the actual pressing operation. It is still another object of this invention 60 to arrange the lever system associated with the press head in such a manner that during the last phase of the closing stroke, the press head will automatically be moved parallel to itself and with its pressing surface substanti 65 ally parallel to the corresponding surface of the buck engaged by the press head. With these and other objects in view, the present invention comprises a press with a press head, in which the movement of the 70 press head into engagement with an article to be pressed or away therefrom is controlled by a two-surface tiltable cam adapted to tilt during the first phase of the closing movement of the press head, and in which 75 means are provided adapted during the last phase of the closing movement of the press head to hold said cam stationary so that the load acting upon the press head during the last closing phase is

conveyed through the 80 then stationary cam to a stationary part of the press frame. The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which: 85 Fig 1 illustrates a press partly in end view and partly in section provided with the twostep closing arrangement according to the present invention, Fig 2 is a vertical section through the 90 784,964 press in almost closed condition, said section being taken along the line II-II of Fig 4; Fig 3 shows an upper portion of the press of Fig 1 but with the press fully closed and the press head under full load, Fig 4 is a top view of Fig 2 but with the levers stretched out in a single plane for purposes of better illustration; and Fig 5 shows a partial section of a twopiece lever arm associated with the press head. Referring now to the drawings in detail, the press shown therein comprises a frame 16 arrangement generally designated 1 which carries a support 2 having mounted thereon a suitably padded buck 3 This buck serves to receive the garment to be pressed Extending from the bottom portion of the frame I on one side thereof is an inclined upright 4 while a second shorter upright 5 extends from the brace 6 of the frame Passing through the uprights 4 and 5 there is arranged a tubular spacer 7 a (Fig 4) pivotally supported in a bearing housing sleeve 7 which is clamped between the arms 8 of a rocker arm generally designated 9 Pivotally mounted about the sleeve 7 is a double arm pressure adjusting lever 10, the lower end of which carries a pin 11 (Figs 1 and 4). The pin 11 is provided with a threaded bore which is threadedly engaged by an adjusting rod 12 carrying a handwheel 13 for rotating the rod 12 Depending on whether the handwheel 13 is rotated in one or the other direction, the lever 10 will be tilted about the sleeve 7 in one or the other direction. The right-hand end (with regard to Fig. 2) of the rocker arm 9 is pivotally connected to a cam member 14 which has a slot 15 with a first cam surface 16 and a second cam surface 17 The cam member 14 has furthermore rigidly connected thereto a twoarm extension 18 which constitutes one toggle link of a toggle leverage mechanism. The other toggle portion is formed by a link pivotally connected at 19 to the extension 18 The toggle link 20 is furthermore pivotally connected to the pressure adjusting lever 10 by means of a pivot 1 Oa. Guided in the slot 15 for engagement with the cam surfaces 16 and 17 is a roller 21 which is supported by a sleeve 22 The sleeve 22 is supported by a bolt 23 carried by one end of a pressure lever 24 Pivotally supported by the sleeve 22 is a yoke 25 (see Fig 4) a portion 25 ' of which is provided with two holes 26 Each of the holes

26 is engaged by one end of a spring 27, the other end of which is engaged by a bracket 28 connected to the frame 1. The portion 25 ' of the yoke 25 is connected to one end of a piston rod 29, the lower end of which carries a piston (not shown) which is reciprocably mounted in a fluid pressure cylinder 30 The cylinder 30 which is supported by a bracket 31 connected in any convenient manner to the frame 1 communicates with a conduit 32 having associated therewith a three-way 70 valve 33 The springs 27 continuously urge the yoke 25 downwardly to thereby urge the roller 21 into the lower end of the cam surface 16 This brings about a tilting of the pressure lever 24 about the sleeve 7 which 75 represents a fixed pivot It will be evident that when the yoke 25 is moved downwardly, also the piston rod 29 is moved downwardly, thereby expelling the pressure fluid from cylinder 30 through the three-way valve 33 80 when the latter is set accordingly On the other hand, if pressure fluid is admitted through the three-way valve into the cylinder the thrust of the springs 27 is overcome and the piston rod 29 is moved upwardly 85 thereby moving the roller 21 from the lower end of the cam surface 16 along the latter and finally along the cam surface 17 This brings about a counter-clockwise tilting movement of the pressure lever 24 90 The right-hand end (with regard to the drawings) of the rocker arm 9 is pivotally connected to the cam toggle link 18 in any convenient manner, for instance, by a sleeve 34 (Fig 4) carried by a bolt 35 Also pivot 95 ally mounted on bolt 35 are suspended arms 36 each of which has suspended therein one end of a spring 37, the other end of which is anchored in the bracket 28 The springs 37 continuously urge the rocker arm 9 to 100 tilt in clockwise direction about the fixed sleeve 7. In order to soften the clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of the head 42 and associated leverage mechanism during 105 the first closing and the last opening phase of the press, there is provided an adjustable shock absorber 38 of any standard type which is carried by a bracket 39 connected to the frame 1 The arm 40 of the shock 110 absorber 38 is pivotally connected to one end of a connecting rod 41, the other end of which is pivotally connected to the cam 14 (Fig 2) Thus, when the cam is tilted in clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, the 115 arm 40 of the shock absorber 38 will be moved in a corresponding direction. The front or left-hand end (with regard to the drawings) of the pressure lever 24 has associated therewith a press head 42 for en 120 gagement with the padded buck 3 To this end, the front end of each of the two arms forming the pressure lever 24 is provided with a bore through which extends a bolt (not shown) which is rigidly connected by 125 means of nuts 45 to the arms of the pressure lever 24 Pivotally

mounted on said bolt in any convenient manner, for instance, by needle bearings is a head mounting link comprising an eye 46, a two-section bar gener 130 784,964 ally designated 47 and arms each carrying a tubular section 48, 49 and 50 respectively (see Fig 4) Bolts connected to the press head 42 and arranged in conformity with the tubular sections 48, 49 and 50 extend through said tubular sections and spring means (not shown in the drawings) are arranged in said tubular sections so that a relative movement between the press head 42 and said tubular sections may occur when the thrust of said springs in said tubular sections is overcome It will thus be clear that the pivotal suspension in the tubular section or eye 46 together with the mounting in the tubular sections 48, 49 and 50 act in the manner of a universal joint thereby allowing the press head 42 properly to adjust itself in conformity with the buck 3 to assure a proper pressing and closing effect when the press is closed It is, of course, understood that any other kind of universal-link suspension may be provided in connection with the mounting of the head 42 without affecting the primary feature of the present invention which consists in the cam-toggle leverage arrangement. The bar 47 is composed of two sections, namely, a front section 47 a and a rear section 47 b (see Fig 5) As will be evident fr Qm Fig 5, the front end of the rear section 47 b is somewhat offset, and the offset has a bore 51 therethrough through which extends a bolt 52 Between the head of the bolt 52 and the upper surface of the offset there is provided a spring 53 which continuously urges the offset into engagement along its lower surface with the upper surface of the front section of the bar 47 The bolt 52 extends through the rear end of the front sect tion 47 a and has its outer end engaged by a nut 54 The rear end of the rear section 47 b of bar 47 is pivotally supported by a bolt which is carried by one end of an Hshaped link or lever 56, the other end of which is pivotally supported by the sleeve 7. The arrangement of the bar 47 in two sections will allow the sections 47 a and 47 b to move relative to each other whenever necessary Normally, due to the arrangement of pivots W, X, Y and Z, the head 42 is forced to move into and out of engagement with the buck 3 parallel to itself If, however, a garment were placed on the buck which is thicker on the front portion of the buck than on the rear portion of the buck, the bar 47 would break as shown in Fig 5, thereby equalizing the pressure front to back If the thicker garment portion were on the rear of the buck, then the split bar 47 would break upwards, i e, the free end of section 47 a would pivot upwardly. OPERATION It may be assumed that the press occupies the position of Fig 1 and that a garment to be pressed has been placed on the buck 3. In order to close the press, the operator actuates the valve 33 so as

to supply pressure fluid, for instance, compressed air to the cylinder 30 As a result thereof, the force of the springs 27 and 37 is overcome and the 70 roller 21 which in Fig 1 engages the lower end of the cam surface 16 is moved upwardly Inasmuch as the cam surface 16 is curved about an axis substantially coinciding with the axis of the pivot bolt 35, lever 75 24 becomes coupled to rocker arm 9 as long as roller 21 rolls on cam surface 16 This means that pressure lever 24 together with rocker arm 9 tilts about the axis of sleeve 7 when the roller 21 rolls along the cam sur 80 face 16 By the time the roller 21 is leaving the cam surface 16 and is entering the cam surface 17, the pressure lever 24 has almost closed the press as shown in Fig 2 As soon as the roller 21 starts its movement on the 85 cam surface 17 whose center of curvature is located approximately on the axis of the sleeve 43 or bolt 44, the toggle link 20 will be in alignment with the toggle link 18 as shown in Fig 2 Consequently the cam 1490 and therefore also the rocker arm 9 are arrested and the pressure lever 24 must now tilt about the axis of the sleeve 43 or bolt 44. As will be clear, the pressure lever 24 95 now acts like a lever with a long arm equal to the distance from the roller 21 to the axis of the bolt 44 and with a short arm equal to the distance between the axis of the bolt 44 and the axis of the tubular section or eye 100 46 Consequently the pressure conveyed to the roller 21 by the fluid pressure cylinder piston arrangement 30, 29 is now conveyed to the press head 42 at an increased ratio but at a reduced stroke so that the desired 105 increased closing pressure is exerted upon the press head 42. During the last phase of the closing operation at increased pressure, a further highly advantageous feature of the invention be 110 comes evident When considering Fig 4, it will be evident that the distance between the axis of sleeve 7 and the axis of bolt 55 nearly equals the distance between the axis of bolt 44 and the axis of the tubular section 46 115 Thus, an approximately parallelogram arrangement is formed by the bar 47, the Hshaped link 56, the rocker arm 9 and that portion of the pressure lever 24 which extends from the axis of the bolt 44 to the axis 120 of the tubular section or eye 46 Consequently when during the last phase of the closing operation of the press head, i e, when the head moves from Fig 2 into' Fig 3 position, a relative movement takes place be 125 tween the pressure lever 24 and the rocker arm 9, the parallelogram system just described becomes effective so that the head moves parallel to itself from Fig 2 into Fig. 3 position Due to, this parallel action, the 130 784,964 front and rear edge of head and buck engage at the same instant, and pressure is appliec evenly The garment is not slid, rolled kneaded or wrinkled as is sometimes the case on conventional presses where pressure is first

applied at the point on the buck closest to the pivot point of the rocker arm This is especially true when bucks having a deep vertical contour are used. When the garment has been properly pressed, the valve 33 is shifted into opening position so that the fluid in the cylinder 30 can escape from the latter and automatically be discharged when the springs 27 and 37 i respectively shift the pressure lever 24 and rocker arm 9 in clockwise direction It will be appreciated that the opening movement of the head is effected in a reverse sequence with regard to the closing movement In other words, first the spring 27 pulls back the roller 21 from the cam surface 17 to the adjacent end of the cam surface 16 thereby tilting the lever 24 about the axis of the bolt 44. As soon as the roller 21 has entered the cam surface 16, the spring 37 becomes active and shifts both the pressure lever and the rocker arm now moving in unison with each other about the axis of the sleeve 7 so as to return the press head into the position shown in Fig 1. Due to the fact that the cam 14 is connected with the shock absorber 38 by means of the rod 41 and the shock absorber arm it will be appreciated that during the movement of the cam 14, i e, during the first phase of the closing movement of the head 42 and during the last phase of the opening movement of the head 42 the shock absorber will be effective to soften the fast closing and opening phase respectively. By means of the handwheel 13 and adjusting rod 12, the pressure adjusting lever can be adjusted so as to vary the position of the normally stationary pivot 10 a This in turn will change the time at which the toggle link 20 will be in alignment with the toggle link 18 rigidly connected to the cam 14 and thus will determine the time when increased closing pressure will act upon the pressure lever 24 and thereby the head 42.

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* GB784965 (A)

Description: GB784965 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Master cylinder for hydraulic brake system, more particularly for motorvehicles

Description of GB784965 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE542116 (A) CH311013 (A) DE1027534 (B) FR1072367 (A) NL91990 (C) US2808703 (A) BE515211 (A) CH331394 (A) DE1037882 (B) FR1139640 (A) US2831324 (A) BE542116 (A) CH311013 (A) DE1027534 (B) FR1072367 (A) NL91990 (C) US2808703 (A) BE515211 (A) CH331394 (A) DE1037882 (B) FR1139640 (A) US2831324 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,965 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 19, 1955. Application made in Italy on Oct 20, 1954. (Patent of Addition to No 704,835, dated Oct 28, 1952). \, / Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. No 29879/55. Index at acceptance:-Class 103 ( 1), F 1 A 2 C. International Classification:-361 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Master Cylinder for Hydraulic Brake System, more particularly for Motor Vehicles We, FIAT SOCIETA PER Azio NI, an Italian Joint Stock Company, of 200 Corso Giovanni Agnelli, Turin, Italy, and PHILIP SIDNEY BALDWIN, a Citizen of the United States of America, of 15 Piazza S Spirito, Florence, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by

the following statement:This invention relates to a master cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, more particularly for motor vehicles, of the type comprising a cylinder, a master piston slidable in said cylinder under the action of external control means, a first conduit supplying fluid to a pressure chamber associated with the said piston, first valve means for cutting out communication between the pressure chamber and the fluid supply conduit on the compression stroke and re-establishing communication on the return stroke, a conduit extending from the said pressure chamber for supplying a first set of wheel cylinders, a secondary piston movable in the said cylinder controlled by the fluid pressure built up during the compression stroke in the pressure chamber associated with the master piston; a second conduit supplying fluid to a pressure chamber associated with the said secondary piston, second valve means for cutting out communication between, the pressure chamber associated with the said secondary piston and the second fluid supply conduit on a compression stroke and re-establishing communication on a return stroke of the secondary piston, a conduit extending from the pressure chamber associated with the said secondary piston for supplying a second set of wheel cylinders, and resilient means for causing the pistons to perform their return, stroke as operation of the master piston ceases. Brakes of this type are, however, mostly lPrice 3/6 l elaborate and expensive in construction and usually require a larger number of component parts differing in shape and structure. It is the object of this invention to provide a master cylinder for brake systems of 50 the type referred to above simpler and cheaper in construction, in which the number of component parts is minimised. A further object of this invention is to provide a master cylinder for brakes of the 55 type referred to, in which all the sealing members and valves are similar in form and size. With the above purposes in view there is provided according to the invention a master 60 cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, more particularly for motor vehicles, of the type set forth above, characterised by the fact that the first and second valve means each comprise a resilient ring mounted free to float 65 axially between abutments connected to the associated piston, the outer ring face being in sliding contact with the cylinder wall, and means for conveying fluid at the pressure existing in the pressure chamber associated 70 with the piston into contact with the inner face of the associated floating ring. The invention is illustrated by way of example in, the accompanying drawing which is an axial sectional view of a master cylinder 75 according to this invention; The master cylinder comprises a cylindrical body 1 closed at one end by a screw plug 2 The cylindrical

body 1 is provided with bored ears 3, 4 for attachment of the 80 master cylinder to the motor vehicle structure, In the cylindrical body 1 moves a master piston 5 which is operated by a push member 6 through an adjusting member 7 The 85 push member 6 is provided with an internal screw-thread, the adjusting member 7 being provided with an external screw-thread by which it can be screwed more or less into the push member 6 The adjusting member 90 784,965 7 has screwed thereon a lock nut 8 The push member 6 is actuated for operating the piston through means, not shown on the drawing, connected to the brake pedal and acting on the attachment bracket 9 on the push member 6. The master piston 5 is formed with an annular groove 10 seating a sealing member 11 in the form of a ring of resilient material, such as rubber in sliding contact with the internal wall 12 of the cylindrical body 1. In the outer surface of the piston 5 a further groove 13 is cut in order to form an annular chamber 14 between the groove surface and inner wall 12 of the cylindrical bore in the body 1 A conduit 15 supplying the in-coming fluid flowing from the main reservoir over the connecting pipe 16 leads to the groove 13. The axial length of the groove 13 is such that the conduit 15 constantly connects with the annular chamber 14 whatever the position of the piston 5. A third annular groove 17 is formed in the outer surface of the piston 5 seating a floating ring 18 spaced by its base from the groove bottom, having its outer surface in sliding contact with the inner wall 12 of the cylinder and capable of free axial movement between the two abutments 19, 20 which axially confine the groove 17. The outer diameter of the abutments 19, 20 is materially smaller than the diameter of the surface 12, whereby annular gaps are formed between the said abutments and surface 12. The groove 17 connects at its bottom with the pressure chamber 21 associated with the piston 5 through conduits 22 opening into a recess 23 formed partly in a cylindrical extension 24 on the piston 5 and in the piston 5 itself, respectively. The compression chamber 21 associated with the piston 5 delivers fluid through a conduit 35 to a pipe (not shown on the drawing) supplying a set of brake cylinders. On its pressure stroke the master piston acts through a helical spring 25 against the bottom of a further piston 26, referred to as auxiliary piston, likewise formed with three grooves 27, 28, 29, respectively The groove 27 houses an annular packing 30: the groove 28 confines together with the inner surface 12 of the cylindrical body an annular chamber 31, the groove 29 seating a floating ring 32 having its base likewise spaced from the groove bottom, the outer ring surface being

in sliding contact with the wall 12, the ring being capable of free axial displacement between two abutments 33, 34 axially confining the said groove 29 The outer diameter of the abutments 33, 34 is smaller than the diameter of the surface 12. The bottom of the groove 29 is connected through a plurality of conduits 36 with a recess 37 bored in part within a cylindrical extension 38 on the piston 26 and in the piston 26 itself, respectively The extension serves inter alia as a guide for the spring 39 bearing at one end on the abutment 33 and 70 at its other end on the plug 2. The pressure chamber 40 associated with the piston 26 connects through a conduit 41 with a pipe (not shown on the drawing) leading to a further set of brake cylinders 75 The bottom of the groove 27 is bored with holes 42 connecting the said groove 27 with a recess bored in part in an extension 43 on the piston 26 and in the piston 26 itself, respectively, connecting in turn with the 80 pressure chamber associated with the piston The extension 43 serves moreover as a guide for the spring 25. The annular chamber 31 is fed through a conduit 44 connected through a connecting 85 pipe 45 to a further fluid supply. A stop screw 46 is screwed into the wall of the cylindrical body 1 and comes into contact with the two ends of the annular groove 28, thereby limiting displacement in either 90 direction of the piston 26. The length of the annular groove 28 is such that, with the piston 26 in any position whatever, the conduits 44 constantly connects with the annular chamber 31 Directly 95 past the floating rings 32, 18 in the direction of movement for performing the pressure stroke two conduits 47, 48, respectively are provided, which connect with the connecting pipes 45, 16, respectively 100 The master cylinder operates as follows. When the master piston 5 is in its inoperative position, its pressure chamber 21 connects with the annular chamber 14, hence with the supply conduit 15 through the recess 105 23, holes 22, clearance between the base of the floating ring and groove bottom, clearance between the ring side and abutment 20 and clearance between the outer surface of the abutment 20 and inner surface 12 of the 110 cylindrical body 1 When the master piston is moved by the push member 6, the floating ring 18 which is in frictional contact with the wall 12 of the cylindrical body 1 bears against the abutment 20 cutting out com 115 munication between the pressure chamber 21 of the piston 5 and chamber 14; on further movement of the piston 5 the port 48 is covered, whereby the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 21 rises and fluid is forced 120 through conduit 35 to a set of wheel cylinders: at the same time, the pressure which has built up in the chamber 21 acts on

the bottom of the piston 26 moving the latter to the left (on the drawing) The floating ring 125 32;, which is in frictional contact with the wall 12 of the cylindrical body, is pressed against the abutment 34 cutting out the communication between the pressure chamber 40 of the piston 26 and annular chamber 31, 130 expensive in construction than master cylinders of the same type employed heretofore.

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* GB784966 (A)

Description: GB784966 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to the application of decalcomanias

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION. Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 27, 1955. 7849966 No 30809/55. S Jegl || I Application made in Sweden on Dec 11, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 100 ( 2), V. I nternational Classification:-B 41 u.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to the Application of Decalcomanias We, CROMTRY Cic AICTIEBOLAG, a Swedish Joint-Stock Company, of 67, Osthammarsgatan, Stockholm, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to processes for the application of decalcomanias. A decalcomania or transfer picture consists essentially of a single or composite image layer, laid upon a carrier, e g paper, and secured thereto by a layer of adhesive, e.g water-soluble gum Two sorts of decalcomania are known, namely slide-off decalcomanias and peel-off decalcomanias. Slide-off decalcomanias are applied by sliding the picture, i e the image layer, from the wetted paper on to the object to be decorated Wetting softens the adhesive, some of which remains adherent to the image layer and serves to stick it to the object to which the layer has been transferred Since the adhesive is soluble in water this type of transfer is not suitable for use out of doors, not in conditions involving prolonged contact with water Some improvement in the resistance to water can, however, be achieved by varnishing at least the edges of the transfer after it has been applied. Peel-off decalcomanias can be applied by two different methods. ( 1) The face of the image layer is coated, for example during manufacture, with a gum soluble in water To apply the decalcomania it is dampened and laid, face downwards, on the object to be decorated The paper is peeled away The decalcomania is held fast to the object by the soluble gum layer The degree of adhesion of such decalcomanias is generally somewhat better than that of slideoff decalcomanias. ( 2) The object to be decorated is coated with a suitable varnish, e g copal varnish. While the varnish is still tacky, the dry lPrice 3/6 l decalcomania is laid face downwards on the object The decalcomania adheres to the tacky varnish and when this has dried, the paper is dampened thus softening the gum adhesive and the paper is then peeled away 50 The image layer is held fast to the object by the varnish layer and is consequently substantially unaffected by water. Residual water-soluble adhesive on the surface of the decalcomanias transferred over 55 lay can be removed by washing it off and, as in the case of slide-off decalcomanias, the transferred image layer can be varnished to improve the resistance to water. Of the foregoing methods, method ( 2) is 60 more difficult than method ( 1) and more difficult than the transfer of slide-off decalcomanias.

According to the present invention there is provided a process for the application of a 65 peel-off decalcomania consisting of a backing and an image layer united by means of a water-soluble adhesive layer, which comprises soaking in water a decalcomania having a smooth non-tacky surface image layer and 70 including a constituent which upon the application of heat will soften and form an adhesive, applying the decalcomania face downwards without heat and pressure to the smooth surface of an object to be decorated, 75 removing the backing, allowing the transferred layer to dry, and subjecting the object with the transferred layer to a temperature of 80-200 'C (preferably 100 '-120 'C) at atmospheric pressure whereby adhesion between 80 the surface will be effected If desired the said constituent may be a thermosetting or thermohardening material. Decalcomanias applied according to the invention are of particular value for objects 85 which are to be oven-dried These objects can be provided with a smooth surface coating of a thermosetting resin or a varnish or a synthetic plastic, such as a melamine formaldehyde resin, such coatings assisting in 90 RLY rice zlisecuring adhesion to the object The image layer may consist of a binder, a pigment and, if desired, a filler Chrome yellow, titanium dioxide or organic pigments can, for instance, be employed The binder may be composed, for instance, of alkyd resins, fatty drying oils, or other synthetic cellulose derivatives and resins, such as nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and acrylic and methacrylic esters, either alone or in combination with each other andlor with plasticizers Such an image-layer will tolerate oven-drying without decolorisation or becoming brittle, and the said constituents will provide the necessary adhesive on heating. To effect the transfer, the decalcomania is soaked in water and placed, image-layer downwards, on the object to be decorated. It is pressed firmly into contact, the backing, e.g paper, is peeled away and the transferred layer is left to dry. The adhesion obtained through simple contact is quite sufficient at this stage, but is not sufficiently strong for the decorated object to be used To render the adhesion satisfactory the object carrying the transferred layer is heated The side of the transferred imagelayer which lies towards the object, and possibly also a coating on the object, are softened, so that the layer sticks firmly to the object The transferred layer will harden if, for instance, it contains an alkyd resin, and it cannot then be removed without force. A coat of clear varnish can be applied to the transferred image-layer before the application of heat The image-layer and the coat of varnish are in this case heated simultaneously. As already indicated, the object can be provided, before a

decalcomania is applied, with a coat of varnish which is allowed to dry at room temperature Where this is an ovendrying varnish this has the advantage of requiring that the object needs only to be heated once, as the oven-drying of the varnish occurs at the same time as the heating of the 45 image-layer.

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* GB784967 (A)

Description: GB784967 (A) ? 1957-10-23

The deposition of molten metals

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 1, 1955. 784,967 No 31236/55. if, 6 W 1 A Application made in United States of America on Nov I, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 82 ( 1), A 8 (A 2:A 3:M:Q:R), A 8 Z( 5:10:12:13), A 15 (A:0); 82 ( 2), C( 2 A:13:14 K); and 83 ( 4), T( 2 C:2 J:6).

International Classification:-B 23 k, C 22 b, c, C 23 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION The Deposition of Molten Metals We, AIR REDUCTION COMPANY INCORPORAXTED, a Corporation of the State of New York, United States of America, of 60, East 42nd Street, New York 17, New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the welding of steels by means of a high-speed, gasshielded metal-arc process. The primary object of the instant invention is to provide steel welding wires and methods which decrease or eliminate porosity in the welding' of steel articles by the gas-shielded, metal-arc welding method. A further object is the provision of steel welding wires and methods by which the speed of welding can be increased. Another object is the provision of a welding method and wire which permits satisfactory welding when the weld pool tends to run due to the influence of gravity. Porosity in the welding of many steels is believed to be due to the entrapment of carbon monoxide which results when carbon reduces iron oxide in the molten weld pool However, porosity is also a problem in other steels in which there should be little or no iron oxide This porosity may be caused by nitrogen, hydrogemn, other oxygen sources, such as manganese oxide, or surface contaminants, such as rust A further complicating factor is the preference to weld steel with small oxygen additions to' the inert shielding gas Porosity is, of course, a more serious problem in the welding of steels in which either the deposited metal or the workpiece, or both, are rimmed or semikilled steel. Many precautions and proposals have lPrice 3/6 l. been made towards eliminating porosity. The steel electrode wire must be especially clean, that is, free of rust and drawing lubricants It has been proposed to use deoxidizers, such as manganese or silicon 50 In U S Patent No 2,621,278 which relates to the inert-gas-shielded electric arc welding of ferrous metals such as rimmed and semi-killed steels utilizing a base consumable filter wire electrode it is pro-55 posed to add a very small amount of aluminium to the welding wire in order to provide a deoxidizer This patent and other prior research indicated that it was not desirable to add more than a very 60 small amount of aluminium to a weld pool since it may cause cracking or unfavorably alter the composition of the weld metal.

It was discovered that an aluminium 65 coated steel wire, having a relatively large quantity of aluminium, can be added to a weld pool to eliminate porosity without adverse effects Further, it has been determined that such a wire has particular 70 applicability to the inert-gasi-shielded, metal-arc welding of steel in which oxygen additions are made to the monatomic inert gas, such as argon and helium. Additional tests have proved that the 75 relatively large quantity of aluminium has additional beneficial effects in the use of such a welding process, especially as to welding speed and the welding on curved or inclined surfaces A complete explana 80 tion of the functioning of the aluminiumcoated wire is not known The elimination of porosity due to oxygen in steel forming the weld pool was expected The absence of intolerable adverse effects, 85 either to the weld metal, the shielding gas, or the arc, from the relatively large quantity of aluminium was unexpected. The viscous aluminium oxide film which forms can be the reason why faster weld 90 i'P I " Li Price 25 p 784,967 ing can be done since it shields the weld pool when it is outside of the shielding gas umbrella Furthermore, this film may simultaneously retain the weld pool slightly longer in molten condition to permit escape of gases This film also retains the weld pool where deposited and prevents run-off In other words, the viscous, aluminium-oxide film gives a rectangular-like weld bead and serves to hold the weld pool in position if the molten metal is on a surface which would tend to permit the force of gravity to displace the molten metal This condition will be referred to as a "flow-away" condition Furthermore, the aluminium does not appreciably interfere with the functioning of the oxygen addition, although aluminium is a strong deoxodizer. It may be, when oxygen additions are used, that the oxygen, after performing its intended function, contributes in a beneficial manner to the formation of the aluminium oxide film It has been noted that, in some instances, slightly more oxygen is needed when using aluminiumcoated wire. By means of the instant invention, most steels can le welded without porosity In accordance with the preferred form of the instant invention, a welding are is established between a consuming wire electrode and a steel workpiece The are zone is blanketed by a gas shield which preferably contains a small amount of oxygen A weld pool is formed by the are melting the wire electrode and the workpiece The welding wire is coated with thin coating of substantially pure elemental aluminium. The aluminium coating constitutes 0 52.% of the weight of the small diameter steel welding wires which are conventional with the described

process The term, substantially pure elemental aluminium, means an aluminium coating which contains only a small amount of elements, such as 3 % silicon. Advantages of the instant invention were first realized when welding rimmed50steel plate have the following percentage composition: Carbon 0 19. M Ianganese O 37 Silicon 0 01 Sulfur 0 26 Phosphorus 0 006 The welding wire, made of steel, has the following percentage composition: Carbon 0 28 Manganese 1 29 Silicon 0 17 Sulfur 0 024 Phosphorus O 022 This 1/16 inch wire was coated with aluminium about 0 0005 inch thick by an acid etch and hot-dip process After coating, the wire would fall through an 0.062 die Then the wire was light drawn through die ( 0 057 of an inch in diameter) to smooth it 70 Bead welds were made using a constantwire-feed, on a 7/8 inch thick plate using the basic features of the process which is described in the U S Muller et al Patent No 2,504,868 The shielding gas was 75 argon, plus 1-4 8 percent oxygen The current was DCRP (direct current, reverse polarity-work is negativej The typical currents and voltages were respectively 300 amperes and 33 volts The weight 80 percentage of aluminium in the wire when used was about O 9 % The surfaces of these weld pools appeared different from bare wire weld pools since the weldt pool surfaces were covered with the viscous 85 aluminium oxide film A heavy loose scale of aluminium oxide onl the weld bead was also noted X-rays showed porosity-free welds The boiling of the weld pool, throwing metal 12 inches, which was noted 90 with hare wire and oxygen additions was not observed in using the aluminiumcoated wire All arcs were normal, that is, of the spray type constant are length. The are length was about 3/16 of an inch 95 The wire speed was about 276-286 IPM. The coating of the wire can be done by many hot-dip processes and drawing techniques which wvill give a strong bonding of aluminium to steel Thus an 100 annealed wire can be cleaned and dried and then dipped in a hot bath After wiping, the wire is cold drawn twice whereby the surface is smoothed When the drawing compounds are removed the 105 wire is wound on spools. The coated welding wire when used as the electrode must be a low-east wire: that is, the wire must not be too springy, if the wire is to be the consuming electrode, 11 For instance, the wire hereinafter described is tested for a suitable low-east characteristic by determining that a section of wire (five feet in length) does not curl up but does form a single loop the 115 ends of the wire being spaced about 6-12 inches The low-east charaeteristic is achieved by proper drawing techniques. It is preferred that the aluminium coating contain about 3 % silicon

since improved 120 current pick-up has been noted. For the welding of carbon and low alloy steels, especially where rust or flowaway conditions may exist or hi'her speeds desired the preferred wire oompo 125 sition is 0 07-0 14 % carbon: O 90-1 10 %, manganese; 0 30-0 60 % silicon: and the remainder being principally iron with nominal amounts of sulfur, phosphorus and residual elements Normally for 130 784,967 clean-surface, average-speed, flat welding, this wire is quite suitable The amount of aluminium is 0 5-2 O go of the wire. The preferred welding current is DCRP. The shielding gas is argon with 1-5 % oxygen addition With this combination of features, porosity-free welds, greater welding speeds are obtained and welding can be done under "flow-away" conditions. The instant invention has also been used in the welding of a special stainless steel containing 16 % chromium, 25 % nickel and 6 % molybdenum and the balance substantially iron The welding current was DCRP and oxygen additions were used in the inert gas shield. For welded overlay work that is the deposition of metal coatings on surfaces and fusion of the coating thereto when a soft, sound deposit is desired, the preferred wire is aluminium-coated ingot-iron wire having the composition given hereinafter. In this situation, the usual rimming is definitely encountered since soft, rimmed filler or electrode wire is used Frequently the overlay welding will be "flow-away" type welding above-mentioned, as in overhead welding positions Since in overlay work less dilution is usually obtained, it is possible to use an amount of ahuninium which is at the low side of the given range, that is, about 0 5 % and to obtain both deoxidation and the skin effect In conventional welding, more dilution occurs and more aluminium is necessary The instant aluminium-coated ingot-iron wire, of course, completely eliminated porosity and resulted in a satisfactory low hardness in the overlay Preferably the amount of aluminium introduced constitutes about 0.5 % of the deposited metal Thus, the aluminium coated wire can be added to the weld pool as an auxiliary wire if the feed rates of the uncoated electrode wire and the auxiliary wire result in the foregoing quantity of aluminium. The core compositions of some of the steel wires which were used in the instant invention are as follows: Ingot Carkon 0 042 0 04 Manganese 0 155 0 06 Sulfur 0 024 0 02 Phosphorus 0 009 0 02 Siliconl 0 07 0 01 The composition of the workpiece which was overlaid with ingot-iron is as follows: Carbon 0 50 Manganese 0 88 Phosphorus 0 02 Sulf Lur 0 02 Silicon 0 15 Other carbon and low alloy steel workpieces have been welded, as well as high alloy steels, with suitable aluminiumcoated wires.

Many types of shielding gases and welding currents have been used with the instant wires but, as above-mentioned, best results are obtained with the instant wire 70 argon containing 1-5 % oxygen and direct current reverse polarity Another gas which is preferred is 28 % argon, 70 %o helium and 2 % oxygen, using the same current With alternating current or 75 direct current straight polarity wire is negative, the aluminium-coated wire should be wash-coated with rubidium carbonate or some other activating agent. Reference can be made to our copending 80 application Nos 19009/52 and 19010,/52 filed on July 28th 1952 Serial Nos 738284 and 731,836 respectively for other activating agents which effect metal spray transfer Another shielding gas which can be 85 used is carbon dioxide With carbon dioxide, it is to be noted that the carbon dioxide will break down and so the gas shield will contain oxygen Under this condition which would be conducive to 90 rimming the above-mentioned interaction between aluminium and oxygen probably occurs. The instant {vires having 0 5-2 O % aluminium as a smoothed tightly-adhered 95 coating will have diameters between about 3/64 " and 1/8 " after drawn and will bewound on small, smooth-surfaced spools which are adapted for feeding wire to gasshielded welding processes 100 Welding speeds of 85 IPM have been consistently obtained using the instant wire for welding mild steel In many instances, speeds as high as 100 IPMl have resulted The aluminium oxide film 105 apparently protects the trailing part of the weld pool The "flow-away" welding conditions, such as encountered in making a butt weld at the line which is quite near a downwmvardly curved surface, did not 110 ' prove a problem With the instant wire, sound acceptable welds are produced where beads made with other wires would run off Other "flow-away" conditions would be encountered in overlaying a 115 rotating piston or when welding tilted flat work. All weld metal tests of welds made with aluminium-coated above-mentioned high silicon, high manganese wire gave tensile, 120 yield and elongation results which closely approached the all weld metal properties of the welds made with the uncoated wire Thus, it was shown that the relatively large amount of aluminium did 125 not substantially affect the weld. In summary, it is to be noted that the instant method of adding a relatively large amount of aluminium to a ferrous weld pool which contains sources of gases at are 130 784,967 heat and temperature effectively prevents porosity without adverse effect on the welding are or weld Furthermore, with the instant amount of aluminiumr coating, it is possible to increase welding speeds or to lay a curved or inclined weld or both. With the instant amount of aluminium, it is also possible to weld

rusty steel articles. A further advantage resides in the fact that the aluminiurei coating prevents surface oxidation during storage and, hence, practically eliminates any problem of shelf-life due to oxidation or rusting. In view of the various steels which have been welded, it is believed that the instant coating and process is useful in the welding of all steels. It is to be understood that, when the instant aluminiumr-coated wire is used as an electrode wire, essential features of the instant invention are a gas-shielded are, electrode wire speeds and regulation of the welding current and voltage so that a metal spray transfer is effected The wire f'eed is in excess of 100 inches per minute. It will also be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific illustrative embodiments thereof, abovedescribed, but includes such modifications as fall within the scope of the following claims.

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