4.4The Universe is Expanding
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Transcript of 4.4The Universe is Expanding
the universe is expandingSpace Science- Chapter 4: Section 4.4
The Story of Everything
By: Neal Layton
HO
W D
ID T
HE U
NIV
ER
SE B
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IN? The Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory
Movement in time when the universe started to expand out of an extremely hot and dense state
It is estimated that in 1 second the universe expanded from the size of a speck of dust to the size of our solar system
After the Big Bang the universe was very dense and hot
Energy and matter behaved differently because of the extreme conditions
We do not fully understand what the conditions were like in the early universe
Development of the Universe
Earliest stage of development happened in fractions of a second
Took 300,00 years for the first elements to form
Stars, planets and galaxies began to appear within the next billion years
REV
IEW
: WH
AT IS
A G
ALA
XY? All space, energy and matter
› Using your marker draw a galaxy on a balloon Draw either an irregular, spiral or elliptical
galaxy› Measure the length and width of the
galaxy using a ruler› Blow up your balloon and tie it › Measure the length and width again.
› What happened to your galaxy? The galaxy is expanding!
Movement of Galaxies
How do we know that the galaxies are moving?
Hint: The light from the galaxy is either compressing or stretching out
Astronomers use the Electromagnetic Spectrum and the Doppler Effect
Review: What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
Energy that travels across a distance as certain types of waves
What is the Doppler Effect?
Listen! › This is a car horn at 30/mph
http://www.physics.ucla.edu/demoweb/demomanual/acoustics/effects_of_sound/30_MPH_doppler.au
change in the observed wavelength or frequency of a wave that occurs when the source of the wave or the observer is moving
Galaxies that are moving towards Earth emit blue light because the waves are more compressed
Galaxies that are moving away from Earth emit red light because the waves are stretched out
GA
LAX
IES
MO
VIN
G A: Galaxy and Earth moving towards each otherB: Galaxy moving away from EarthC: Galaxy moving towards Earth