44th CIGRÉ Technical Programme and Exhibition

(26th to 31st August 2012) By Gerry George – Research Associate

The International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRÉ) founded in France in 1921 held their

44th General Session in Palais des Congres in in France’s beautiful capital city Paris. This year CIGRE

2012 set new records for the number of delegates (over 3,200), the number of visitors (3626) and the

number of exhibitors (200) attending this bi-annual event. Attracting international senior executives,

power technology experts and specialists from over 80 countries the CIGRE General Session is now

regarded as one of the world’s largest events in the power industry calendar.

The Technical Programme at CIGRE 2012 extended over a five day period and to satisfy the increasing

demand the space allocated for the supporting Exhibition was increased by 50%. The Exhibition

attracted manufacturers, network operators, consultants and service providers for the electricity

industry from around the globe. The Conference and Exhibition was once again held in the

magnificent, well appointed Palais des Congrès which is located very near the Arc de Triomphe, just

one of the numerous famous landmarks and visitor attractions in this cosmopolitan city.

In 2012 the electricity industry continues to face major challenges to satisfy the increasing demand for

an economic, reliable and secure of electrical energy. In addition to diminishing fossil fuel resources,

which are now being partially offset by many forms of sustainable renewable energy systems, this

challenge that requires huge capital investment coincides with a rapidly increasing world population

and the need to comply with the demanding legislation introduced to manage global warming. Also the

industry has responsibility to take the necessary steps to offer access to electricity to the two billion

people in the world who at present have no connection to this source of energy.

This year’s Technical Programme of formal presentations, panel discussions, technical meetings and

poster sessions addressed these challenges by discussing the need to interconnect large renewable

energy projects to transmission systems, for large-scale transmission systems overland and subsea

interconnectors that employ the latest HVAC and HVDC technologies. The close interactions between

transmission systems and distribution networks has also become a critical matter for CIGRÉ. The

latest developments linked to the key components of the transmission system namely, rotating

machines, substations, transformers, overhead lines and cables were discussed together with system

design, operation, control, management and system performance. Once again, the interaction with

distribution networks was presented and this will certainly increase in the future in accordance with an

Agreement signed recently with CIRED. The increasing benefits available from advanced information

and telecommunication systems technologies now in wide-scale use in the industry were also included

in the Programme as they play an increasing role in the industry’s drive to develop ‘Smart Grids’.

Opening Ceremony and Keynote Address

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The Opening Ceremony began at 16.00 hr on Sunday 26th August 2012 with CIGRE’s President André

Merlin introducing Keynote Speaker, Mr. Liu Zhenya, President of the State Grid Corporation of China

who addressed the packed auditorium on building a ‘Intercontinental Transmission Highway for

Optimization of Global Energy Resources’. The key issues presented were as follows:-

Liu Zhenya reviewed the new energy trends required to address the global issues of energy

shortages, diminishing fossil fuel resources and climate change and their impact on energy

security, energy efficiency and the environment. Internationally action is being taken to reduce

the dependence on fossil energy by introducing clean energy in the form of wind and solar

power to replace energy production from coal, oil and gas.

Economic amd social development has increased the demand for energy in a larger geographic

scale resulting in the development of more diversified delivery methods such has power grids

and gas pipelines.

Technical innovation now plays a critical role in energy transformation with the integration of

widespread application of real-time information technologies smart grids, use of the internet

and new materials. Advance transmission technologies such as ultra high voltage (UHV)

transmission has made bulk and remote power delivery a reality. New forms of energy

generation, storage technologies will promote large scale and efficient development of wind

and solar energy. Additionally, clean coal technologies, carbon capture and storage

technologies will transform the utilization of conventional fossil fuels. World energy

demands will be met by a secure, efficient and green energy supply system based on

conventional and new energy resources pioneered by technical innovation.

Global energy resources are diminishing apart from a concentration of resources in a few

regions and in many countries the energy resources and load centre are unevenly distributed

and remote from one another. This is the situation in China where large-scale advanced UHV

AC and DC transmission technology has been employed to link available energy resources

with demand centres. These technologies could be used to establish intercontinental

transmission highways.

For example, Liu Zhenya referred to Europe being one of the world’s largest energy

consumers which in 2011 was 23% of the world’s total, second only to Asia Pacific (39%).

Europe is committed to the development of green and low-carbon technologies with a 2020

target of 20% energy from renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the Fukushima nuclear

disaster resulted in Germany, Italy and Switzerland renouncing their nuclear programs

creating more problems for the European interconnected transmission system that could be

importing primary resources that could reach 70% by 2030.

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UHV transmission offers a safe, economic, efficient and mature technology for the

optimization of global resources with ± 800 kV DC circuits able to supply economically 8000

MW over a distance of 2,500 km (1,554 miles) and at ± 1100 kV DC the economic load

transfer capacity is 11,000 MW over a distance of 5,000 km (3,107 miles).

China’s Xinjiang region, Russia’s Siberia, the CIS countries and Mongolia are rich in wind,

solar and hydro-power resources offering a potential for development in areas having low

local demands and costs. Situated 4,000 to 8,000 km (2,486 to 4,972 miles) from the European

countries these resources have the potential to supply load centres in Europe via UHV DC

transmission technology.

Liu Zhenya presented the audience with three alternative schemes to supply Europe from

existing resources in China, Kazakhstan and Siberia via ± 1100 kV transmission lines using

different routes. Energy cost estimates indicated that the three options had competitive

advantages compared to energy from the North Sea off-shore windfarms. China also now

predicts that future progress in energy efficiency and new technologies could result in

renewable power from Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa being transmitted to

Europe.

China has a large number of UHV AC and UHV DC projects that were commissioned in 2009

and 2010 which have withstood extremely harsh environmental conditions which have proven

the reliability of UHV technology. In parallel, advanced large power grid control and system

protection technologies have been developed.

To support this rapid development of UHV transmission technologies the State Grid

Corporation has four test sites for UHV AC, UHV DC, High Altitude and Engineering

Mechanics and two R & D centres for Large Grid Simulation and DC System Design.

Currently, the development of the UHV DC and UHV AC systems continues and by 2015

China’s UHV AC backbone will be complete.

Smart Grid construction is also being addressed with a wind, solar and power storage with a

transmission pilot project in Hebel Province. At present China’s installed wind capacity

exceeds 50,000 MW and solar capacity 2,500 MW. Also, two schemes have been installed to

serve and supply some 80, 000 electric cars and to date over 92 million smart meters have

been installed

Finally, Liu Zhenya was proud to list China’s contribution to the formulation of a large

number of national technical standards on UHV and Smart Grids and the promotion of UHV

Standards presented to International Workshops in 2007 and 2009. Similarly, China has been

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a keen contributor and supporter for the need to establish international standards for Smart

Grids.

CIGRÉ President

André Merlin (CIGRÉ President) thanked Mr Liu Zhenya before giving the assembled audience a

resume of activities since 2010. Membership continues to increase and now stands at 11,910 from 95

countries and it was particularly refreshing to receive news of an increasing number of young engineers

joining CIGRÉ. In recognition of their significant contribution and services to CIGRÉ over many

years, CIGRÉ Medals were awarded to Colin Ray (United Kingdom) and André Merlin (France).

Before declaring the CIGRÉ 2012 Session open the President introduced and welcomed three former

Presidents in attendance, name, Mr. Jerzy Lepecki (Brazil), Mr. Michel Chamia (Sweden) and Mr.

Yves Filion (Canada).

Technical Meetings Programme

The Technical Programme started on Monday 27th August with two major events that attracted the

majority of the CIGRE delegates. This year the two first-day Sessions included: -

• Opening Panel (Monday am) -

“The Role of Electricity Systems in Reducing Energy’s Environmental Footprint”

• Workshop (Monday pm) – ‘Large Disturbances’

This Workshop discussed a number of the latest large disturbances and report on the follow-up

corrective action required to avoid repetition.

The Role of Electricity Systems in Reducing Energy’s Environmental Footprint

This Meeting chaired by Klaus Froehlich (Technical Committee Chairman) comprised six

presentations as summarised below:-

Vision for the 2050 Energy Mix presented by Theirry Berthoud, Director of Climate and Energy from

the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) This provided an interesting

projection of the energy mix in terms of the primary energy resources for the period 1950 through to

2050, a period during which the world population will increase from 2.5 billion to an estimated 16

billion. The forward projection clearly indicates that the current usage of coal, oil and natural gas will

decline being replaced by renewables, nuclear, biofuels and a relatively modest increase in generation

from hydropower plants.

Transmission Enhancements by Bjarne Andersen , Chairman of Study Committee B4. This subject

was addressed by a composite review of the development of the existing overhead line transmission

systems, both AC and DC in terms of the load transfer capability. Reference was made to the use of

composite conductors, the use of hybrid AC and DC lines with statistics to confirm that there are now

over 100 HVDC transmission circuits in operation, with China, Brazil and India being the main

countries benefiting from this technology. Consideration is now being given to the creation of an

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HVDC Grid in Europe in order to provide for the interconnection of large renewable projects. Details

were also included on the increasing use of EHV underground cables and gas insulated lines (GIL)

which have been used where for environmental reasons transmission lines are unacceptable.

Evolution of Distribution presented by Britta Buchholz, ABB’s Head of Business Development

‘Smart Grids’. The introduction of Smart Grids has resulted in the evolution of distribution networks

in order to reduce the environmental footprint. As the ratio of the length of distribution networks to

transmission systems is in the order of 10:1, this is particularly significant. There is a need for the re-

design of distribution systems to cope with higher penetrations of renewables and larger customers,.

For example in Germany, the capacity of photo-voltaics (PV) installed by August 2012 totalled 30GW

and by May 2012 the in-feed from PV was 22 GW.

Consequently, there is a need to develop technologies to improve voltage regulation in secondary

substations, improved monitoring, control of the output from PV and wind power, VAR compensation

amd battery storage. The Speaker also referred to a number of European projects, one involving a large

number of utilities to determine the cost benefits of various technologies, an EnBW project whereby

800 customers and 150 generators are connected to a distribution network, together with projects

employing different forms of energy storage.

The Japanese Way given by Akihiko Yokoyama, University of Tokyo. This presentation focussed on

the change of energy policy that followed the failure of the four reactors at Fukushima Nuclear Plant.

The long term energy demand and supply forecast are currently under review with the Government yet

to reach a decision on the future Energy Policy. The plan includes the estimates for renewables as

follows, wind power 60 GW, combined heat and power 30GW and PV 53 GW installed by 2030. The

decision is dependent on a number of factors such as environmental, technical and economic

considerations coupled with the grid integration of renewables.

Currently the country has a need to provide for the interconnection of renewables to the transmission

system to supply a further 47GW to Tokyo. Furthermore, plans are in place for a new wide-area

network (WAN) Coordination and Control Centre to establish a reliable and stable control system. In

total, the cost of the planned transmission system reinforcement programme is estimated at US$ 14.7

billion which based on energy availability factors for wind 20%, PV 12% and a 8% interest rate will

increase energy costs by 0.125$ per kWh.

The Economics of Change by Andrew Ott, Senior Vice Presoident of Markets, PJM.

This presentation centred on the huge investment required in he power industry on the ‘lower emission

grid evolution’. In the US, PJM estimate the expenditure required on investment in the transmission

infrastructure to be US$ 24 billion plus a further US$ 5 billion to integrate renewables. Recently, the

International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that the US power industry will need to invest a total of

US$ 169 trillion during the period 2011 – 2035. Based on studies undertaken by EPRI the cost of

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addressing the environmental problems associated with using coal-fired generation plant is US$ 300

billion.

Similarly, recent studies in Europe indicate that the existing ENSTO –E transmission system will

require expenditure of some US$ 104 billion over the next ten years the majority being as a result of

the integration of renewables.

CIGRÉ Role given by Phil Southwell, Chairman of Study Committee C1. In this final presentation of

the Meeting, the Speaker outlined CIGRÉ’s role in linking the technical and stakeholder aspects

applied to renewables and energy efficiency. Reference was made to the various tensions within the

electricity business all linked to cost investment that include:

between short- term and long-term planning and strategies

between markets and regulating systems

between renewable integration and infrastructure efficiency, and

tensions between demand and energy in delivering energy efficiency.

CIGRÉ address these issues by examining and considering component efficiency, end user options,

system efficiency, markets and the environmental footprint. This is achieved by the 16 Study

Committees with each group being linked to the different areas of the business. Study Committees ‘A’

deal with equipment, ‘B’ with overhead lines, cables substations, ‘C’ control and technical

performance and ‘D’ marketing and IT communications. Each Study Committee being supported by a

number of Working Groups engaged in specific areas of study.

Workshop on Large Disturbances

The first half of the Meeting comprised four reports on large disturbances while the second half

reviewed three system security and operational incidents. The following paragraphs include a brief

report on each incident discussed.

Arizona – Southern California Outage September 8th 2011. A single 500 kV line outage caused the

loss of supply to 2.7 million customers for 11 minutes in mid-California. The outage also created

cascading causing more circuit outages. Post-fault investigations confirmed errors in operational

planning and real-time awareness of the situation. Also there was a failure to understand the impact of

an HV circuit operating in parallel with the EHV system and the impact of a circuit outage used to

import energy from an adjacent utility.

Japan 2011 – This disturbance report was associated with the strongest recorded earthquake in Japan

in March 2011. This caused supply interruptions to two of the country’s largest utilities Tokyo (9,100

MW) and Tokoka (7,900 MW) Electric Power Companies. The earthquake caused damage to 275 kV

transmission lines and substations and 8 million customers were disconnected. All supplies were

restored within three days, and all feeders within seven days aided by the use of temporary towers.

As a result of this unprecedented event, action has been taken to: -

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Prepare a rolling blackout scheme,

Improve the energy management systems (EMS), and

Further training of system operators using a simulator based on this earthquake/ tsunami.

Queensland Floods, Australia – Floods in South East Queensland in January 2011 which resulted in a

state of emergency being e declared for the State due to the closure of 300 roads, flooding 150,000

homes by a 7m ( 23 feet) wall of water. Damage was caused mainly to the ENERGEX distribution

underground cable and overhead line network. Restoration of supplies took between two and 14 days.

The utility organisational response and challenge to this disaster was satisfactory and the only lessons

learnt as a result of the incident was the need to re-define flood levels and to establish a flood risk

management system.

The same area was subjected to a major incident caused by cyclone Yasin in February 2011. This

caused the loss of supply to 200,000 homes and damage to 900 km (560 miles) overhead line and 2,500

poles and crossarms.

Brazil 2011 – A single transmission line outage as a result of the operation of a protection relay on

February 4th 2011 caused the loss of 4,600 MW and supplies to a population of 40 million. Supplies

were restored within 3.13 hours, and the post-fault investigation indicated the protection setting on an

under-voltage relay was incorrect. Subsequent action includes a complete review of the protection

schemes installed on the Brazilian 500 kV and 200 kV systems.

Stable and security operation of wind power in China – The development of wind power

particularly on-shore has been extremely rapid in China with the installed capacity being 45 GW in

2011 a 45% on the capacity installed in 2010. The rate of expansion is scheduled to continue with a

forecast total of 300 GW (on-shore & off- shore) by 2030. In 2011 the number of wind power outages

was 193, but it was the Jiugian Windfarm outage that resulted in a review of protection standards. This

on-shore windfarm comprises 1226 turbines rated at 1.5 MW and the outage to 598 turbines caused the

loss of 840 MW. The fault cause was identified as a joint failure due to poor workmanship on a 35 kV

underground cable.

Subsequent investigation revealed the lack of high voltage ride through (HVRT) and low voltage ride

through (LVRT) protection and a failure to comply with the IEA Wind Task 25 Standard GB/T 19963 -

2011 Rule for wind farms connected to power systems. This protection is now mandatory.

The 50.2 Hz Problem in Germany – This problem was presented by TransNet BW a German

transmission system operators (TSO). The TSO has a peak demand of 11,000 MW, the capacity of the

connected renewables totals 5,300 MW including 3,500 MW photo-voltaics (PV) that is installed in

some 230,000 installations. The recent high growth in PV installations stimulated by the level of

subsidies has resulted in 12.7 GW being automatically disconnected when the frequency reaches 50.2

Hz in accordance with continental Europe Standards. Furthermore, it was stated that frequencies in

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excess of 50.1 Hz are recorded daily particularly at times of low load and high PV input a problem that

is now being studied by four German TSO’s,

Regulators and the distribution network operators (DNO’s). Among the causes is that the rules for new

connections are inadequate and to overcome this problem it appears that the industry will need to spend

between €65 -175 million to retrofit existing PV installations.

Inter-Area Oscillations and Frequency Excursions in ENSTO-E Continental Europe – The

ENSTO –E that has 2,000 active experts in the 41- TSO’s from 34 countries that supply some 525

million customers, the system peak load being 828 GW. Expert groups are established to study system

frequency, system protection and dynamics with a project group responsible for the interconnection of

Turkey the latest country to be connected to the system.

The simulator used for modelling has to accommodate 4,000 substations, 900 transformers, 15,800

feeders and 1, 200 generators in addition to the transmission system parameters. Reports are published

identifying the oscillations that can be caused by transmission system and generator outages in addition

to the operational regime at the CERN Laboratory. Reports are also published regularly on system

stability performance and it was stressed that in order to maintain stable operating conditions that

ENSTO –E system has documented Standards and Rules which are consistent and transparent.

Conference Technical Programme

The Conference Technical Meetings comprised a four-track programme that started on Tuesday 28th

August 2012 that offered delegates the opportunity to select the subject of their choice from the 16 -

Discussion Group Meetings. These Meetings discuss the Papers submitted for each of the specialist

subjects that CIGRE’s Study Committees have select for presentation. From more than 500 Papers

received from authors around the world, the CIGRE Technical Committee has selected 437 Papers for

discussion. As always these Technical Meetings were well structured to include short contributions

from authors and delegates who address the key issues identified by the Study Committee’s Special

Reporter in advance of the Meeting. By adopting this format for each Meeting the Session Chairman

always had time to offer delegates the opportunity to contribute and benefit from the knowledge and

experience exchanged on the Papers during discussion.

The following Table shows the timetable for the Technical Meetings during the four-track programme

that runs from the 28th to 31st August 2012

Date Special Subject

(No. of Technical Papers submitted to the Study Committee for each Session)

* Tuesday

28th August

B3 - Substations (26 Papers) C3 - System Environmental Performance (26 Papers C6 - Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation (30 Papers)

D1 - Materials and Emerging Test Technologies (30Papers) Wednesday 29th August

A3 – High Voltage Equipment (22 Papers) B4 - HVDC and Power Electronics (26 Papers) C2 - System Operation and Control (26 Papers) C4 - System Technical Performance (29 Papers)

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Thursday 30th August

A2 – Transformers (32 Papers) B2 - Overhead lines (27 Papers) C5 - Electricity Markets & Regulation (26 Papers) D2 - Information Systems and Telecommunication (22 Papers)

Friday 31st August

A1 - Rotating Electrical Machines (22 Papers) B1 - Insulated Cables (28 Papers) B5 - Protection and Automation (30 Papers) C1 - System Development and Economics (35 Papers)

On Tuesday 28th August at 14.30hr there was a Meeting of the EPEE Panel who are responsible for

addressing the issues on Electric Power Engineering Education. The Meeting considered Papers

received from utilities in Australia, and Switzerland, Universities in USA and France and from one US

manufacturer.

Tuesday 28th August

B3 – Substations

This Discussion Meeting opened with some 400 delegates in attendance for the 26 Papers submitted

that were addressed under two Preferential Subjects.

1. Advances in Substation Technologies – The range of topics submitted covered a wide spectrum with

contributions from a number of countries including Australia, Ireland, Iran and Spain. There was

considerable interest expressed in the application of IEC 61850 which has now become generally

accepted by utilities although it remains unclear which advanced substation and smart grid features

have or will be universally adopted. There is now evidence to indicate GIS substations are now being

equipped with IED devices for protection amd energy metering together with a move towards

installing electronic sensors or non-conventional instrument transformers (NCIT) in place of

conventional CT’s and VT’s. Attention was also shown in the design and commissioning of off-shore

substations in order to provide the required level of reliability. The substation design needs to

withstand very hazard conditions and minimise the costs on-site commissioning tests..

The security of remote substations was a subject of a Paper submitted to highlight and combat illegal

access and fault detection. Robots were suggested as a possible solution to reduce site visits.

2. Substation Management Experience – This topic attracted global interest with

contributions that included authors from Brazil, Japan, France and Australia. Experience was

exchanged and discussed andaAuthors from Brazil stressed the importance of considering the earthing

systems when substation up-rating is planned. In the interests of asset management RTE suggest the

need for the on-line monitoring and internal fault location devices for SF6 switchgear. Conversely, an

author from Australia reported satisfactory partial discharge (PD) monitoring using portable test

equipment for GIS monitoring provided the environment was acceptable and test staff were adequately

trained. It was apparent from the Papers submitted that there were differing opinions on the relative

merits of on-line and off-line monitoring of assets depending on experience.

C3 – System Environmental Performance

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This Discussion Meeting commenced with an Invited Lecture by Mrs Antonella Battaglini, Executive

Director of RG1-Renewable Grid Initiative, dedicated to “The way towards support, engaging with the

public”. The discussion on the two

Preferential Subjects followed. Briefly the Lecture outlined the importance of engaging with the public

to minimise the opposition to electrical infrastructures that can often create local and high level-

opposition. It seems that the principles to be followed when planning the grid, are building the right

grids, timely and in the right way

1. Public acceptance of electric power system infrastructures. The 14 Papers listed under this subject

ranged from concerns arising from fires in insulating oil polluted with PCB’s, electromagnetic (EMF)

fields from electrical equipment and transmission corridors. It is evident from the contributions that

there still remains public concern regarding the perceived and as yet unproven risk to public health as a

result of EMF exposure. The remainder of the presentations dealt with the various forms of

communication used to inform the public of pending power system developments and the procedures

which are in place to incorporate public participation in the decision making process. It would appear

that each case has to be approached and handled in a different manner depending on the reaction of the

general public.

2. How “green” are the future power systems? During this session seven contributions were presented

but examination of the Papers submitted indicated there was no common theme. Subjects raised

included the use of electric vehicles to reduce emissions from energy production and the impact on the

quality of life.Two contributions were received linked to SF6 emissions which result in RTE in France

contributing 32% of the greenhouse gas emissions linked to all RTE’s activities. Efforts to minimise

the problem of these emissions were presented by ALSTOM who undertake a life-cycle analysis

(LCA) on all their products.

C6 Distributed Systems and Dispersed Generation – This Discussion Meeting attracted a large

audience keen to follow the contributions from the 30 papers accepted for this session, which was

addressed under three Preferential Subjects.

1.Planning and operation of active distribution networks including dispersed generation (DG), storage

and demand side integration (DSI). This Meeting discussed a variety of issues arising from DG and

DSI and it was apparent that the lack of standards relating to voltage regulation and standard

specifications for smart meters is a major problem. The enhanced functionality that can be incorporated

into smart meters presents an attractive means of fault detection, commercial losses in addition to

providing customer load profiles. The issue of privacy and data security remain key topics on which the

industry requires reassurance. Reports were discussed on the many smart grid pilot projects in progress,

together with the studies to quantify costs and benefits.

Curtailment of generation from renewable sources as a means of handling excess generation was

discussed at length together with suggestions that power producers should be compensated for lost

revenue. It was apparent from the discussion that there are many issues associated with DG and the

operation of active networks still to be resolved.

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2.Integration of electric vehicle (EV) in power system. Six Papers were submitted on issues relating to

the use and charging of EV’s which will impact on distribution networks. The most significant

conclusion from the discussion was the need for the standardization of the communication system

between the EV and the DNO, coupled with standardization of charging points. It is apparent that

European EV manufacturers, standardization bodies etc all support the adoption amd acceptance of the

international standards being developed, namely IEC 61851.

3. Electricity supply of rural and remote areas including islands. –The six Papers under discussion

came from Australia, China, Germany, Greece, New Zealand and Spain. The common driver in all

cases was economy providing the incentive to develop new solutions and install innovative

technologies. The role of diesel generators with their ability to back-up wind and solar systems was

discussed but their negative impact on the environment needs to be reduced. Other considerations

centred on the optimization of components and operational rules to reduce energy spill in the event of

excess intermittent energy from renewable sources. In future power storage could provide the answer

for these situations. Stand-a lone systems were discussed as an alternative to upgrading rural

distribution networks, this was presented in a case study from New Zealand.

D1 – Materials and Emerging Technologies

This Discussion Meeting based on 30 Papers and 44 prepared contributions was arranged under three

Preferential Subjects.

1.Dielectric performance and ageing of insulation materials. This Meeting was attended by some 300

delegates and the majority of Papers under discussion referred to transformer insulation systems and oil

impregnated cellulose. Methanol is now generally accepted as an ageing marker of cellulose but both

CIGRÉ and the IEC continue work on this topic. The relative merits of natural amd synthetic esters

were compared in terms of their thermal and electrical properties with no firm conclusion on which is

superior.

Attention was also drawn to the performance and geometries of insulators used in heavily polluted

areas with a request for simpler dust cycle text procedures.

2. Test techniques for UHV including HVDC. In response to the five Papers submitted it is apparent

that UHV and HVDC technologies have advanced in the absence of those standards on atmospheric

and altitude correction factors. Delegates were re-assured with news that CIGRÉ SC D1 and the IEC

TC 42 working groups are actively working in close coordination on this problem

3. Diagnostic Tools – Diagnostics of transformer insulation using dielectric response measurement is

now regarded as a reliable means of determining the moisture content of solid insulation. Contributors

reassured delegates that it was not necessary to change the testing procedures for the new insulating

fluids (esters and others). Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) was raised as there are concerns when used

as specified in IEC 60599 and in the use of determining the characteristics of the oil in on-line tap-

changers.

Wednesday 29th August

A3 – High Voltage Equipment

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This Discussion Meeting attracted a large audience to benefit from the contents of the 22 Papers and 67

prepared contributions to be presented under three Preferential Subjects

1.Equipment design to facilitate network developments. - Several manufacturers presented their new

designs and test results for VCB’s including service experience for 72 kV units. On UHV systems

some shortcomings were reported on flashover voltages which suggest that some improvements are

required in IEC 60. With circuit breaker technology now progressing to higher voltage levels it is

apparent that dielectric stresses such as occur with capacitive current switching and out of phase

conditions are still presenting a challenge

2. Reliability amd lifetime of HV equipment – It was important to note that increasing the service

intervals on circuit breakers has led to an increase in failure rates. Whilst optimization of maintenance

may increase failure rates on particular equipment it appears to have produced a positive influence on

system reliability. Reports on GIS technology now indicate performance has improved due to the new

designs and the reported dielectric failure rates are due to surface abrasion of operating rods in the

disconnectors amd earth switches.

3. Environmental suitability of HV equipment. – This session reported on the excellent performance of

composite insulators under conditions of severe pollution. From a safety viewpoint, explosion of

composite insulators on auxiliary breakers are less of a hazard to personnel and equipment than

porcelain insulators. The use of simulation tools has produced a new design of connector for

applications in an aggressive marine environment that causes corrosion on conductive materials such as

connectors’

Contributions reported on the extensive work being undertaken on a new gas breaking medium

whereby CO2 circuit breakers have been developed and are under test. A further contribution reported

on the use of Nitrogen (N2) which has been compared with SF6, CO2 and vacuum showing that CO2

appears to be a better competitor for SF6 and vacuum than N2.

B4 – HVDC and Power Electronics

This Discussion Meeting attracted some 400 delegates and indication of the tremendous interest in

HVDC technologies and AC power electronics systems among the CIGRE members. Three

Preferential Subjects were selected for this discussion and under each subject delegates were given an

insight into a number of major projects undertaken by major utilities around the world.

HVDC has developed rapidly in two directions namely moving from 600 kV to ground voltage to 800

kV with a transfer capacity of 6000 MW and developing voltage source converters (VSC’s) connected

to underground and subsea cables with voltage ratings of ± 320 kV and a rating of 1000 MW.

There is evidence to confirm increasing applications of thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC)

for series compensation of AC lines and static compensators (STATCOM) for voltage and reactive

power control. Papers discussed showed that China and India are using HVDC and FACTS

technologies and in Europe VSC’s are installed for transfer of power from off-shore wind farms.

C2 – System Operation and Control

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This Discussion Meeting which attracted 26 Papers was attended by some 200 delegates for the

sessions dealing with the two Preferential Subjects.

1. Methods to overcome operation challenges caused by the combination of intermittent generation and

changes in electrical loads behaviour from a TSO perspective – Based on the discussion for wind

power integration, inertia, ramping and low voltage ride through are regarded as the key challenges for

grid operators. The reactive power issues can be resolved by appropriate investment. More attention

needs to be given to economic dispatch facilities to take uncertainties in load and renewable generation

into account. Congestion management can be overcome by installing FACTS devices and phase

shifting transformers coupled with control room staff training in managing network congestion.

2.Methods to improve the awareness of the overall status of the interconnected system and the

coordination of TSO actions. - Examples of the use of phasor measurement units (PMU’s) and wide

are monitoring (WAM) were presented as useful additions to system protection schemes. Also some

countries are installing PMU’s on national networks to provide data from the complete system. Based

on the content o f other Papers there is an urgent need for the training of control staff as they now need

to cope with the fast acting changes that can occur on the large interconnected systems This problem

has been exacerbated by the high penetration of distributed generation, uncertainty in load forecasting

and customer behaviour.

Finally this session included several experiences recorded on large interconnected systems including

ENSTO-E. CORESCO, SSC and TSC in Europe, BIPS from America GCC from the Middle East,

India and Japan from Asia.

C4 - System Technical Performance

An estimated 150 delegates attended this Discussion Meeting that was presented in three Preferential

Subjects.

1.Modelling and practical experience of the interaction of new generation/transmission technologies

and related power electronics with the transmission and distribution systems – It was evident from the

contributions that the installation of converter based (VSC) generation in bulk power systems around

the world is significant. Additionally there are plans for large off-shore grids mainly using VSC HVDC

technologies which present new requirements for modelling amd understanding the technical

performance issues related to these new grid topologies.

2. Advanced tools and techniques for power system performance analysis with particular reference to

stochastic methods – The non-deterministic behaviour of power systems and the increased stochastic

behaviour of renewable generation continues to make power system technical performance analysis

more complex.. One of the key challenges is the availability of data. System monitoring devices will

be increasingly important for smart grids. Most of the modern data is proprietary making sharing

difficult it is therefore crucial that independent data is available for risk analysis.

3. Lightning protection and insulation coordination as it relates to new generation and transmission

technology – The discussion focussed on the need to re-evaluate the methods amd lightning data used

to estimate the lightning performance of transmission lines, and the need to investigate methods for

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determining the lightning shielding failure performance of UHV transmission lines. This resulted in

requests from delegates to develop better models for use by design engineers.

Thursday 30th August

A2 Transformers

This Discussion Meeting was attended by some 450 delegates keen to benefit from the 32 Papers and

numerous contributions submitted that was addressed as three Preferential Subjects

1.Transformers in the network of the future – Contributors from many countries presented their views

on the diagnostic equipment now available for off-line and on-line monitoring of system transformers

and bushings. Case studies on the results of DGA undertaken on transformers and on-load tap

changers were discussed but there was no formal evidence to conclude that the results could be used to

accurately predict the remaining life of the asset.

2. Transformer eco design/eco use – Manufacturers and Utilities contributed their interpretation of eco

design resulting in a range of initiatives being presented that included, end of life disposal costs in the

capitalization formula, low noise emission, use of bio-degradable fluids, reduction of copper and iron

losses, vacuum switching technology in OLTC and on-site transformer assembly. Collectively these

design changes will have a major impact on transformer design and the environment.

3. Transformer magnetic circuit – The topics discussed included harmonic limits, reducing the

magnitudes of the inrush current by controlled switching which was reported to be a major issue on

existing and aged assets. A joint contribution from Switzerland, Spain and USA proposed a triangular

core design that provides a more compact footprint, more efficient transformer, reduced noise level and

reduced inrush current and harmonics.

B2 - Overhead Lines

The attendance for this Discussion Meeting varied throughout the session from 150 to 200. The 27

papers selected for the session being presented as three preferential Subjects

1. Improved utilisation of overhead lines – Planning approvals for new transmission lines are

becoming increasingly difficult hence there is a keen interest in the technologies and materials that can

facilitate an increase in the load transfer capability of an existing circuit. Contributions presented

examples of using high temperature low sag conductors (HTLS), real-time or dynamic line ratings.

2.Conditions and assessment of overhead lines – Conductor corrosion was reported as a major issue

with utilities in France and Japan looking for equipment to provide a more accurate assessment than the

equipment currently available. The condition of composite insulators was discussed and there was

general agreement that the design improvements have improved performance. A Belgium utility

reported the use of a risk assessment approach to prioritize maintenance programmes involving

condition assessment and identification of critical components requiring repair or replacement.

3.Maintenance and refurbishment of overhead lines – Live line work and robots are the existing

techniques and tools employed to maintain the reliability of the overhead line. The latest development

used in France is an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) to detect degradation of lattice towers due to

corrosion. More R & D is required to adapt the UAV and robots for specific needs and this is currently

being handled by a French University. Reference was also made to the European Community “life

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biodiversity” program launched in 2011 in Belgium and France to create “green corridors” under

overhead lines.

C5 – Electricity Markets and Regulation

This Discussion Meeting which attracted some 200 delegates was addressed under three Preferential

Subjects

1. Integrating renewable energy sources into electricity markets –lesson learnt. This issue attracted

contributions Chile to China outlining a variety of experiences that covered feed-in tariffs and market

based schemes which confirmed that these issues are being handled on an individual basis with as yet

no standard practice.

2. Electricity market operating experiences and market performance analyses -Various examples of

coordination between adjacent markets were presented including flow-based market coupling in

Western Europe and coordinated economic dispatch in the USA. To confirm that electricity markets are

still being formulated, the evolution plans for Egypt were presented together with the single market

plan for Ireland and Northern Ireland.

3. How is the development of advanced technologies likely to impact development of market designs. –

Based on the discussion the most likely impact will come from the developing technologies such as

automation of demand response, storage and renewable energy sources. This step forward will develop

naturally by market and regulatory requirements.

D2 –Information Systems and Telecommunications

The Discussion Meeting arranged for the 22 Papers accepted for this session were presented in two

Preferential Subjects.

1. Distribution information platforms for the power systems of the future – One of the key issues raised

was the life-cycle of ICT products that are becoming shorter compared with the requirements of the

electricity industry that has assets with extended lives. Regular maintenance is a basic solution and

contributors from Japan and Mexico both contributed on life-cycle experiences and initiatives taken to

improve flexibility and reduce costs.. A major problem appears to be the lack of engineers and skill in

the industry to maintain ICT equipment and in Japan the use of a modular decentralized system to

improve reliability and achieved a longer life cycle has been introduced. The question of cyber

security was discussed as this is regarded as an important issue for the industry but a cost-benefit

analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness is difficult to assess.

2.Interconnected information systems to support competitive markets – ITC solutions and applications

in the market are booming but the industry has to remain selective using IT applications that satisfy

business requirements provided there is economic justification. The development of Smart Grids has

ensured a huge demand for smart Meters but many functions and features still need to be defined to

satisfy the regulatory environment. At present there are no smart solutions for communication. There

is no best communication technology but optical fiber, wireless PLC and 4G appear to be most

appropriate for applications and security.

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Friday 31st August

A1 Rotating Electrical Machines

The Discussion Meeting arising from the 22 Papers received was organised under three Preferential

Subjects

1.Developments in electrical machines and experience in service –Asset management was the main

topic under discussion covering diagnostic testing to identify deterioration in the rotor windings.

Following failure of generators of which 20% was due to ageing, India have developed procedures

including dynamic temperature measurement as a step towards lifetime assessment, while in Japan on-

line partial discharge monitoring on the windings is used to monitor potential faults.

2.Asset management of electrical machines – This discussion was dominated by the work being

undertaken on hydro generators where in Brazil there is major programme involving ten plants to

identify the major risks and plan asset maintenance on a reliability basis. The most interesting

contribution on coal –fired plant was linked to the work done in Australia on a 30 year old power plant

where following a rewinding the stator and refurbishment of the turbine and boiler, the output of the

660 MW turbo-generator increased by 10% and cost benefit studies concluded that solution adopted

was more economic than constructing a new power plant.

3.Electrical machines for dispersed generation – The contributions for this session were limited with

most interest being shown on the contributions from France and the USA. Problems have been

identified on the 24 units installed in the 40 year-old La Rance tidal power plant which has four

start/stop cycles daily that following rotor deformation, air gap monitoring is now installed. Extensive

research conducted in the USA identified that O & M costs for the on-shore electrical machines on

windfarms is 15% of the income, for off-shore machines it is 20%. In order to monitor the whole drive

train components, electric current signature monitoring is recommended.

B1 - Insulated Cables

This Discussion Meeting was well attended with in excess of 250 delegates in a session arranged with

three Preferential Subjects.

1.Newly installed or upgraded cable systems – This session was dominated by examples of recently

commissioned or planned EHV cable projects including submarine cable projects for example the Cork

Harbour in Ireland (220 kV AC) and the Italy to Sardinia (±500 kV)submarine cable interconnector.

Challenging construction issues were illustrated in the Maxican project that involved four underground

cable galleries and the SF6 gas insulated used in 138 kV T-joints in Brazil.

2. State of the art and trends for cable system rating, testing and monitoring – The main discussion in

this session was linked to the use of partial discharge monitoring (PD) and distributed temperature

monitoring (DTS) and several examples were presented. The use of compressed air to identify the fault

position on low voltage cables provided an interesting solution to this major problem for distribution

utilities. In Japan a new approach to aid the decision making process on the replacement of ageing

assets by considering corrective maintenance, time based replacement (TBR) and condition based

replacement (CBR) was presented.

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3. Cables in the network of the future – The use of high temperature superconducting cables were

discussed but as yet projects that could employ HTS cables remain in the design stage as there are no

projects in operation in Europe. In China plans are being made to use convert a three phase 500 kV AC

cable for DC operation This will provide two DC circuits, bi-polar and mono-polar which would

increase the load transfer capacity by a factor of 2.5.

B5 - Protection amd Automation

This Discussion Session that included a wide range of topics was addressed under the heading of two

Preferential Subjects.

1.Impact of future network components on protection and automation systems. – This session was

largely dominated by contributions from manufacturers often working with utilities to develop new

protection and automation systems. Among the utilities examining the potential of the new schemes

available in Argentina studies are in progress on a wide area protection and control systems. Similarly

in Romania, to prevent cascading and blackouts consideration is being given to current differential

potential based on wide area protection. Work is in progress in New Zealand on protection for meshed

distribution networks while in Japan the development of substation automation restoration systems

(SARS) is in progress.

1. Utilisation and application of remote access for protection and automation systems.- This topic

based on the Papers received discussed a number different issues ranging from the value of disturbance

recorder for performance analysis and condition assessment following an outage and the use of digital

fault recording (DFR) that also offers post-event analysis. Remote access was ably outlined in a

contribution from France describing the infrastructure required for cyber security in substations while

in Japan the use of protection relays with remote access functions are used for the efficient speedy

recovery following an outage.

C1 – System Development and Economics

This Discussion Meeting was attended by over 150 delegates for the three Preferential subjects

included in this session.

1.Planning options to ensure reliability, sustainability and flexibility as the power system changes

across all voltage levels. – The contributions discussed in this meeting covered a wide range of topics

with many case studies. These ranged from large EHV interconnections in Africa and South America

to the connection of a large windfarm to a 33 kV rural network in New Zealand where 70 % of the

energy is sourced from renewables. Further down the scale the development plans for microgrids

supplied by renewables for small islands in Japan were presented. The alternative means of connecting

on-shore and off-shore wind farms to existing transmission systems were illustrated by reports on

technical and economic studies from Norway and Korea respectively. Finally, the plans to create

transmission line corridors in India to supply the rapidly increasing demand were included in a session

of intense interest for the assembled delegates.

2. Investment challenges in delivering future power systems – Contributions for this session included

the ten-year development planned for the European system (ENSTO-E) and the long-term future

18

development for MEDGRID, that will create a the Mediterranean grid and electricity market. Details

were provided of the arrangements now being put in place for the planned connection of new

generation (windfarms) and the impact on the Australian Energy Market together with the plans in

Brazil for the sustainable development of hydropower.

3.Asset management challenges in future power systems – There were few significant contributions to

this session but in Japan action is being taken to plan for the replacement of ageing assets which due to

rapid growth of the transmission systems in the 1970’s and 1980’s is seen as a major project. Expected

energy not supplied (EENS) is one of the reliability indices being used in the planning tool used to

determine the programme for the replacement of overhead lines. The value of participating in the

International Transmission Operation amd Maintenance Study (ITOMS) has highlighted the need for a

utility in Chile to take action after identifying that the transmission system performance in terms of

maintenance, faults and system abnormalities were worse than average.

Poster Sessions

This year the Organising Committee arranged 16 Poster Sessions to include the 16 Study Committees.

These were arranged from Monday 27th August to Friday 30th August 2012 which gave delegates an

opportunity to engage in one-to one discussions with the authors of CIGRE Papers

Social Events

The CIGRE Organising Committee arranged an Official Reception under the Pyramide du Louvre

which proved to be a wonderful experience for all delegates and companions. In addition, for

companions there was a five-day programme of visits` and activities commencing Monday 27th August.

Technical Exhibition

The CIGRÉ 2012 Technical Exhibition at the Palais des Congrés open for five full days was the largest

ever staged at a CIGRÉ General Session. Held on two levels it included displays and demonstrations by

the majority of the world’s leading manufacturers who supply power generation and transmission

utilities with the latest technologies together with the major plant installed on all transmission systems.

Recognised as an established industry showcase the Exhibition serves to strengthen the links between

research associates, manufacturers, end-users and decision-makers. Delegates represent every sector of

the industry and their attendance provides a valuable marketing opportunity for the specialist

companies and research institutions who offer the electricity industry much needed access to contract

services, research and testing facilities.

The number of companies participating in the Exhibition able to supply equipment and / or services to

the electricity industry with direct links or business interest with each of the sixteen Study Committees

was as follows: -

SC - A1 Rotating Electrical Machines 22

SC - A2 Transformers 72

SC - A3 High Voltage Equipment 102

SC – B1 Insulated Cables 42

19

SC – B2 Overhead Lines 68

SC – B3 Substations 84

SC – B4 HVDC and Power Electronics 53

SC – B5 Protection and Automation 83

SC – C1 System Development and Economics 21

SC – C2 System Operation and Control 73

SC – C3 System Environmental Performance 23

SC - C4 System Technical Performance 37

SC - C5 Electricity Markets and Regulation 16

SC – C6 Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation 51

SC – D1 Materials and Emerging Test Techniques 42

SC – D2 Information Systems and Telecommunications 40

(The Schedule of Exhibitors with contact details is attached to this Report)

ABOUT CIGRÉ

Founded in 1921, CIGRÉ, the Council on Large Electric Systems, is an international non-profit

Association for promoting collaboration on a national and international level. CIGRÉ now has over

11,000 equivalent members composed of researchers, academics, engineers, technicians, CEO’s and

other decision makers. This Association provides and gives the opportunity for experts from some 97

different countries to share and join forces in order to improve existing systems and build the electric

power systems of the future.

CIGRÉ who have National Committees in 57 countries achieves its mission through the work of its

specialized study Committees and Working Groups and through the regular events such as the

frequently staged Symposia and the General Session.

Membership of CIGRÉ continues to increase and this continual growth expands the organisation’s

knowledge base that comprises of some 3,000 international members who form the Study Committees,

Working Groups and Task Forces who continually address all the industry’s technical issues.

These General Sessions that are held every two years have a reputation for providing a unique forum

that provides all delegates, companions and exhibitors the opportunity to share knowledge and

experience. CIGRÉ 2012 continued to foster this experience and introduced a number of changes to the

past format by ensuring that all delegates attending this record breaking event were kept very well

informed of each daily Technical Programme and details of all the Exhibitors. François Meslier,

CIGRÉ’s Secretary General François Meslier has already started on preparing for CIGRÉ 2014 and

further improvements in the organisation of the event are being planned in anticipation of an even

larger attendance. Therefore it is time for delegates and Exhibitors to consider in participating in one

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of the world’s largest International Conferences on Large Power Systems in Paris from 24th to 30th

August 2014.

(For complete details of CIGRÉ visit www.cigre.org)

Schedule of Exhibitors (16th April 2012)

3M U.S.A www.3M.com

ABB Management Services Ltd Switzerland www.abb.com Albatroz Engenharia Portugal www.albatroz-eng.com

Alstom Grid France www.alstom.com ALSTOM POWER France www.alstom.com AMA-Systems GmbH Germany www.ama-systems.com AMETEK Power Instruments U.S.A. www.ametekpower.com AMPACIMON s.a. Belgium www.ampacimon.com A P Sensing Germany www.apsensing.com ARKEMA France www.arkema.com ARRAS – MAXEI France www.maxei.fr ARTECHE Spain www.arteche.com

b2 Electronic GmbH Austria www.b2electronic.at BAUR Pruef- und Messtechnik GmbH Austria www.baur.at BCP Busarello + Cott + Partner AG Switzerland www.neplan.ch Belden Netherlands www.beldensolutions.com BPL Global France www.bplglobal.net

Brugg Kabel AG Switzerland www.bruggcables.com Bruker EST Germany www.bruker-est.com CESI S.p.A. Italy www.cesi.it CG Power Systems Belgium www.cgglobal.com/be Chint Electric Co. Ltd China www.chintelectric.com CIRED Belgium www.cired.net Cisco Systems USA www.cisco.com COELME – EGIC France www. Coel-egic.com Coil Innovation GmbH Austria www.coilinnovation.at

Comde-Derenda Germany www.comde.de Cooper Power Systems U.S.A/ www.cooperpower.com

21

COPA-DATA Austria www.copadata.com CTC Cable Corporation U.S.A. www.ctccable.com CYME International T&D Inc. (Cooper Power Systems) Canada www.cyme.com DALEKOVOD Croatia www.dalekovod.com DE ANGELI PRODOTTI SRL Italy www.deangeliprodotti.com DIgSILENT GmbH Germany www.digsilent.de DILO Armaturen und Anlagen GmbH Germany www.dilo-gmbh.de Doble Engineering Company Norway www.doble.com Dow Electrical & Telecommunications Switzerland www.dow.com/electrical Dynamic Ratings U.S.A. www.dynamicratings.com

EDF – CIST France www.edf.com EFACEC Portugal www.efacec.pt EMB-Elektromotoren und Gerätebau barleben GmbH Germany www.emb--online.de ENERGY SUPPORT GmbH Germany www.energy-support.de ENPAY TRANSFORMER COMPONENTS Turkey www.enpay.com Entegra GmbH Germany www32.entegra.de ERGON EUROPE MEA INC Belgium www.ergoneurope.com ETAP U.S.A. www,etap.com EuroSMC.S.A. Spain www.eurosmc.com Fiber Sensing, Sistemas Avançados de Monitorização S.a. Portugal www.fibersensing.com

FISO TECHNOLOGIES INC. Canada www.fiso.com FURUKAWA Japan www.furukawa.co.jp Fushi Copperweld U.S.A. www.fushicopperweld.com G & W Electric Co. U.S.A. www.gwelec.com

GE Energy U.K. www.ge.com GENERAL CABLE FRANCE www.general cable.es GLOBAL INSULATOR GROUP LTD. Russia www.gig-group.com Haefely Test AG Switzerland www.haefely.com Hapam bv Netherlands www.hapam.nl High Voltage Inc. U.S.A. www.hvinc.com Hitachi ltd Japan www.hitachi.com HSP Hochpannungsgeräte GmbH Germany www.hspkoeln.de Hyosung Corporation South Korea www.Hyosungpni.com ICMET CRAIOVA Romania www.icmet.ro

INDUSTRIAS ARRUTI S.A. Spain www.industriasarruti.com Ingeteam Technology S.A. Spain www.ingeteam.com INVENT Russia www.inventunion.com INVENTEC PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS France www.inventec.dehon.com

IPS Intelligent Process Solutions GmbH Germany www.ips-energy.com ISA Europa Sarl France www.isatest.com Jiang Shenma Electric Co. ltd. China www.shenmatech.com JST transformateurs France www.jst-transformers.com KALKI Communication Technologies Limited India www.kalkitech.com

KEMA Netherlands www.kema.com Kinectrics Inc. Canada www.kinectrics.com KoCoS Messtechnik AG Germany www.kocos.com KONCAR Croatia www.koncar.hr

22

Lamifil NV Belgium www.lamifil.be Landis + Gyr (Europe) AG Switzerland www.landisgyr.com/europe Lapp Insulators GmbH Germany www.lappinsulators.de LIOS Technology GmbH Germany www.lios-tech.com LS Cable & System Ltd South Korea www.lscns.kr

LumaSense Technologies GmbH Germany www.lumasenseinc.com Lumpi-Berndorf Draht-und Seilwerk GmbH Austria www.lumpi-berndorf.at MACLEAN POWER France France www.macleanpower.com Manitoba HVDC Research Centre Canada www.pscad.com

Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Germany www.reinhausen.com Maxwell Technologies SA Switzerland www.maxwell.com MEGGER France www.megger.com/fr METAL DEPLOYE RESISTOR France www.mdresistor.com Micca Information Technologie GmbH Austria www.micca.at MICROENER France www.microener.com Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. UK www.mitsubishielectric.eu Mohaupt High Voltage Austria www.mohaupt-hv.com Morgan Schaffer Inc. Canada www.morganschaffer.com Mosdorfer GmbH Austria www.mosdorfer.com

MTE AG Switzerland www.mte.ch NARI Group Corporation China www.sgepri.sgcc.com.cn/ en National Electric Coil U.S.A. www.highvoltagecoils.com NEXANS France France www.nexans.com

NKT Cables GmbH Germany www.nktcables.com NR Electric Co. Ltd China www.nrelect.com OMICRON Austria www.omicron.at Onsite HV Technologies AG Switzerland www.hvtechnologies.com Opal-RT Europe. France www.opal-rt.com

OPTEN Russia www.optensolutions.com OTLM d.o.o. Slovenia www.otlm.eu OTN Systems Belgium www.otnsystems.com Parsons Brinckerhoff ltd UK www.pbworld.com/power

PFIFFNER Instrument Transformers Ltd Switzerland www.pmw.ch PFISTERER SAS France www.pfisterer.fr PHENIX TECHNOLOGIES INC U.S.A. www.phenixtech.com Power Diagnostix Systems GmbH Germany www.pdix.com Power Line Systems Inc U.S.A. www.powline.com

POWERSYS France www.powersys-solutions.com PPC Insulators Austria GmbH Austria www.sevespower.com Prosoft-Systems Ltd Russia www.prosoftsystems.ru Protecta Electronics Hungary www.protecta.hu

PRYSMIAN CABLES & SYSTEMS Italy www.PRYSMIANGROUP.COM PSI Germany www.psienergy.de Qualitrol Canada www.qualitrol.com RFL Communications UK www.rflcomms.co.uk RHM International LLC U.S.A. www.rhmintl.com RT Measurements Technologies GmbH Germany www.rtgmbh.eu RTDS Technologies Inc. Canada www.rtds.com

23

RTE – Réseau de Transport d'Electricité France www.rte-france.com RuggedCom Inc. Canada www.ruggedcom.com SCHNEIDER – ELECTRIC France www.schneider-electric.com Schniewindt GmbH & Co. KG Germany www.schniewindt.de Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Netherlands www.selinc.com

SebaKMT Germany www.sebakmt.com SecuControl GmbH Germany www.secucontrol.com Sediver S.A. France www.sevespower.com SELTA SPA Italy www.selta.it

Sensa UK www.sensa.org SERGI France France www.sergi-france.com SGB- SMIT Group Netherlands www.sgb-smit.com Shanghai Huaming Power Equipment Co. Ltd China www.huaming.com SIBILLE FAMECA ELECTRIC France www.sf-electric.com SICAME France www.sicame.com SIEMENS AG Germany www.siemens.com Silec Cable France www.sileccable.com SOLVAY FLUOR GMBH Germany www.solvay-fluor.com Streamer Electric Inc. Russia www.streamer.ru

STRI Sweden www.stri.se Taurus Powertronics Pvt. Limited India www.tauruspowertronics.com TE Connectivity France www.energy.te.com Techimp HQ Italy www.techimp.com

TOSHIBA Corporation Japan www.toshiba.co.jp/index.htm Tractebel Engineering Belgium www.tractebel-engineering-gdfsuez.com Transmission & Distribution World Magazine U.S.A. www.tdworld.com Trench Germany www.siemens.com UCA International Users Group U.S.A. www.ucaiug.org

Vaisala Finland www.vaisala.com Ventyx (an ABB Company) Switzerland www.abb.com VIZIMAX Inc. Canada www.vizimax.com Von Roll Transformers Ltd Switzerland www.vonroll.com

Wacker Chemie AG Germany www.wacker.com WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG Germany www.wika.de Zenergy Power Inc. Germany www.zenergypower.com Zensol Automation Inc Canada www.zensol.com ZIV APLICACIONES y TECNOLOGIA, S.L. Spain www.ziv.es

ZTT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED China www.zttcable.com

ooOOoo

Gerry George 23rd September 2012