4.2 ORGANELLES

CELL BOUNDARIES Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Function: Surrounds cell Allows specific things things in and out

(homeostasis)

Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and

nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids

Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

CELL BOUNDARIES Cell Wall

Function: Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra

support and protection

Fact: Made of cellulose in plants

Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (plants)

1. Cell membrane

2. Cell wall

CELL CONTROL Nucleus

Function: Controls the organelles Contains DNA – gives instructions for

making proteinsFact:

“Command center” or “brain” of the cell Most prominent structure

Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleus

Nucleus

CELL CONTROL Chromatin

Function: Condense to form chromosomes in

nucleus

Fact: Strands of DNA that look

like spaghetti

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL CONTROL Nucleolus

Function: Makes ribosomes

Fact: Found inside the nucleus

Found in: Eukaryotes

Nucleolus

Nucleolus

CELL CONTROL Ribosomes

Function: Makes proteins

Fact: Made of RNA Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to

ER

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Ribosomes

CELL CONTROL Nuclear Envelope/Membrane

Function: Controls what enters/exits the nucleus

Fact: Surrounds the nucleus

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL CONTROL Centrioles

Function: Involved in cell reproduction

Fact: Made from microtubules 2 are paired at right angles

Found in: Eukaryotes (animal cells)

CELL ASSEMBLY Cytoplasm

Function: Suspends/holds organelles Site of chemical reactions

Fact: Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Round Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Function: Produces proteins

Fact: Helps move molecules

throughout the cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Function: Produces lipids (steroids) Detoxifies poisons

Fact: Helps move molecules

throughout the cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Golgi Apparatus

Function: Processes, packs, and secretes proteins

and lipids

Fact: Works closely with ER Flattened stack of

membranes

Found in: Eukaryotes

Golgi

CELL ASSEMBLY Vacuole

Function: Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs

Fact: Helps maintain homeostasis

Found in: Eukaryotes (plants have a

LARGE vacuole)

Vacuole

CELL ASSEMBLY Lysosomes

Function: Uses enzymes to digest old

organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)

Fact: “Suicide sacs”

Found in: Eukaryotes

Lysosome

CELL ASSEMBLY Ever wonder how a tadpole gets rid of its

tail and grows legs????

It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Chloroplast

Function: Capture light and convert

it to chemical energy during photosynthesis

Fact: Glucose (sugar) is made

Found in: Eukaryotes (plants)

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Mitochondria

Function: Breaks down food into ATP

energy during cellular respiration

Fact: “Powerhouse” of the cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cytoskeleton

Function: Maintains the shape & supports the cell

Fact: Made of microfilaments &

microtubules Found throughout the

cytoplasm

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Microtubules

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cilia

Function: Movement of cells or fluids

Fact: Short hair-like fibers

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Flagella

Function: Movement of cells

Fact: Long hair-like fibers

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Flagella

Cilia

http://www.youtube.com/user/ecrouch7#p/a/f/0/1IqsE8CVTms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg&feature=related

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Organelles

CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganisms

ANIMAL & PLANT COMPARISON

Have centrioles No chloroplasts No cell walls

Do not have centrioles

Have chloroplasts Have cell walls

Animal Cells Plant Cells