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PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION

4.2 Hazard Identification, Risk

Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)

Learning Objectives

To define what is risk

assessment.

To assess the hazard

identification, risk

assessment and risk

control process.

To describe the

method of identifying

hazard.

To construct the risk

assessment matrix.

What is Risk assessment??:

The process of evaluating the risks to safety and

health arising from hazards at work.

Risk assessment results is documented and used for:

1. Risk control in OSH management

2. Future reference and review

Risk Assessment

1. Integrate Risk Management as part of planning

at all levels of business

2. Accept all risks

3. Make risk decisions appropriately (depending on

level of risk)

4. Manage the risk

Basic Principles Of Risk Management

Before Operation

During Operation

After Operation

When To Carry Out Risk Assessment

Review whenever there are

changes:

Internal

Before modification, changes

or introduction of new

Materials, machinery or

processes, working

procedures.

External

Amendments of national laws

and regulations

Developments in OSH

knowledge and technology

When To Review Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment

Risk Control

Review

Basic Components Of Risk Management

Risk Assessment

Severity in terms of:

Harm to health

Damage to property

Damage to environment

Or the combination of the

above

Determining Severity

Severity

Determine severity categories:

Catastrophic (Major fatality & irrecoverable damage)

Fatal (normally irreversible injury or damage to health)

Serious (Non-fatal injury, permanent disability.)

Minor (Disabling but not permanent injury)

Negligible injuries (first aid type injury)

Most likely - could happen

frequently

Possible has a good chance

of occurring & not unusual.

Conceivable occurred

sometime in future.

Remote not been known

to occur many times.

Inconceivable impossible

& never occured

Likelihood

Severity

Likelihood

Most Likely

(5)

Possible

(4)

Conceivable

(3)

Remote

(2)

Inconceivable

(1)

Catastrophic

(5) High-25 High-20 High-15 Medium-10 Medium-5

Fatal

(4) High-20 High-16 Medium-12 Medium-8 Low-4

Serious

(3) High-15 Medium-12 Medium-9 Medium-6 Low-3

Minor

(2) Medium-10 Medium-8 Medium-6 Low-4 Low-2

Negligible

(1) Medium-5 Medium-4 Low-3 Low-2 Low-1

A. Qualitative Risk Table

Status of Risk

RISK DESCRIPTION ACTION

15 25 HIGH

A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control

the hazard as detailed in the hierarchy of control.

Actions taken must be documented on the risk

assessment form including date for completion.

5 12 MEDIUM

A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to

controlling the hazard and applies temporary measure if

required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk

assessment form including date for completion.

1 4 LOW

A risk identified as LOW may be considered as

acceptable and further reduction may not be necessary.

However, if the risk can be resolved quickly and

efficiently, control measures should be implemented and

recorded.

Determine severity categories:

4: Fatality & Permanent Disability

3: More than 4 days MC

2: Less than or 4 days MC

1: First aid and near misses

B. Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment

Determining Likelihood of Occurrence of

Hazard

4: Daily

3: Weekly

2: Monthly

1: Yearly

Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment

LIKELIHOOD

SE

VE

RIT

Y

Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

1 2 3 4

First Aid and Near Misses

1 1 2 3 4

Less than or 4 days

MC 2 2 4 6 8

More than 4 days MC

3 3 6 9 12

Fatality & Permanent Disability

4 4 8 12 16

Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment

Activities / process /

facilities/ equipment Hazard Effect

Current Risk

Control

Legal

Reqmt

Risk Action &

Recommendations Severity. Likelihood Risk

Rating

Arc Welding

Physical:

-Radiation

Eyes

Face shield FMA,

OSHA 2 3 6

PPE-goggles, eye

wash station, job

rotation

Chemical:

-Fumes

Breathing ..

- FMA,

OSHA 2 3 6

Exhaust fan,

respirator, job

rotation

Physical:

- Spark

Skin blister

Gloves,

overall, kasut

FMA,

OSHA 2 3 6

Fire resistance

coverall , glove, fire

extinguisher,

emergency shower

Risk Assessment Form

Risk Control

Substitution

Modify process

Enclosure

Local exhaust

Fugitive

emission control

Isolation

Housekeeping

General

ventilation

Continuous area

monitoring

Dilution

ventilation

Automation or

remote control

Training and

education

Worker rotation

Enclosure of

worker

Personal

monitoring

Personal

protective devices

Principle of Control

Hierarchy Of Control

MOST EFFECTIVE

Elimination - remove the hazard.

FAIRLY EFFECTIVE

Substitution - use less hazardous

one.

Isolation isolate the work area i.e.

X-ray machine in restricted room

Engineering Control design,

isolation at source, barricade,

guarding,

LEAST EFFECTIVE

Administrative Control safe work

procedure, isolation i.e. reduce

exposure time and limit, training,

signage etc

PPE - last resort.