4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 1 of 65 WCDMA Air Interface Training...

Part 4: 1 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface

WCDMA Air Interface Training

Part 4 WCDMA Physical Layer


WCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)

• WCDMA

Overview

3GPP Standards Organization, 3GPP Document Structure

WCDMA Frequency Allocations

WCDMA Performance Overview

Physical Implementation

WCDMA Network Overview

Downlink Implementation

Uplink Implementation

Physical Layer Procedures

Slot, Frame, and Superframe Synchronization

Random Access Procedures

Packet Channel Access

Establishment of a Dedicated Channel

Soft Handover

Hard Handover / Compressed Mode Operation

TDD Implementation



• Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

3GPP Project Coordination Group(ETSI, ARIB, T1)

TSG-RAN

WG 1Layer 1

WG 2Layers 2,3

WG 3Iub, Iur, Iu

UTRAN, O&M

WG 4BS TestingProtocol

TSG-CN

WG 1MM/CC/SM

WG 2CAMEL/MAP

WG 3Interworking

TSG-T

WG 1MS Testing

WG 2MS Services

WG 3USIM

TSG-SS

WG 1Services

WG 2Architecture

WG 3Security

WG 4Codec

WG 5Telecom



• Specifications referenced in this presentation

WCDMA UTRAN Network3GPP TS 25.401-v330: UTRAN Overall Description3GPP TS 25.832-v300: Manifestations of Handover and SRNS Relocation3GPP TS 26.071-v301: AMR Speech Codec; General Description

WCDMA Radio Transmission and Resource Management3GPP TS 25.101-v331: UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3GPP TS 25.104-v330: BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3GPP TS 25.103-v200: RF Parameters in Support of Radio Resource Management3GPP TS 25.133-v310: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource Management

WCDMA Physical Layer Specifications (FDD and TDD)3GPP TS 25.201-v310: Physical Layer General Description3GPP TS 25.301-v350: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture3GPP TS 25.302-v350: Services Provided by the Physical Layer

WCDMA FDD, TDD Mode Standards:3GPP TS 25.211-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)3GPP TS 25.212-v330: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)3GPP TS 25.213-v330: Spreading and modulation (FDD)3GPP TS 25.214-v330: Physical layer procedures (FDD)3GPP TS 25.215-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)

3GPP TS 25.221-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD)3GPP TS 25.222-v331: Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)3GPP TS 25.223-v330: Spreading and modulation (TDD)3GPP TS 25.224-v330: Physical layer procedures (TDD)3GPP TS 25.225-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (TDD)

This presentation iscurrent as of TS-25 V3.3.0(3GPP June 2000 Release)



• 3GPP WCDMA Overview

Both FDD (2x 5 MHz) and TDD (1x 5 MHz)modes supported

Operation specified in bands between 1850 and 2170 MHz

BS time synchronization not required for FDD mode

GPS not required

Fast Synchronization Codes allow asynchronous operation and handover

Synchronous operation is allowed; allows faster acquisition, interference reduction

Multi-Code and Variable Spreading Factor modes supported

Network interface compatible with GSM - MAP / GPRS

* To be made compatible with ANSI-41 per OHG requirement

Physical Parameters:

Chip rate = 3.840 Mcps

RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz

Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec

Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 144, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec

Frame length = 10 mSec

Fast Power Control: Bi-directional; 1500 updates/sec


WCDMA Frequency Allocations

2025 2110

IMT-2000 MSS MSS IMT-2000 MSS MSS

1885 1980 2010 2160 2170 2200

ITU/WARC-95

2025 2110

IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000 MSS

1900 1980 2010 2170 2200

DECT

1880

Europe

2025 2110

IMT-2000 MSS Terrestrial MSS

1918.1 1980 2010 2170 2200

PHS

18951885

Japan

2025 2110

MSS MSS

1900 1980 2010 2170 2200

FDD WLL

1880

CDMA

1865 1920 1945 1960

TDD WLL

CDMAFDD WLLChina

2025 2110

MSS

2185 2200

A

1850 1910 1930 1990

D B E F C A D B E F C MSSBroadcastAuxiliary

Reserved

2150

USA

2025 2110

FDD UPLINK TDD FDD DOWNLINK1920 1980 2010 2170

WCDMA /EUROPE

1850 1910

FDD UPLINK1930 1990

WCDMA / USA

FDD DOWNLINKTDD

TDD1900

3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2


MobileSwitching

Center(MSC)

BaseStation

Controller(BSC)

Base Transceiver

Station

(BTS)

To other BTS’s

To other BSC’s

To other BTS’s

Um

Um

Um

Abis

Abis

Abis

A

A

E

VLR HLR

EIR

Gateway

MSC

AC

H F

CB

To other MSC’s

E

F

C

VLR

B

D

G

GPRS NetworkComponents

D

PacketControl

Unit(PCU)

Serving GPRSService Node

(SGSN)

Gateway GPRSService Node

(GGSN)

External Networks

PSTN

ISDN

Internet

...

External Data Network

IP / X.25

To other BSC’s

A

Base Station Subsystem

(BSS)

GSM/GPRS Network Architecture


MobileSwitching

Center(MSC)

RNCNode B

(BTS)

To otherRNC’s

To otherRNC’s

Uu

Uu

Uu

I uE

VLR HLR

EI R

Gateway

MSC

AC

H F

CB

TootherMSC’s

E

F

C

VLR

B

D

G

GPRS NetworkComponents

D

Serving GPRSService Node

(SGSN)

Gateway GPRSService Node

(GGSN)

External Networks

PSTN

I SDN

I nternet

...

External Data Network

I P / X.25

Radio Network Subsystem

(RNS)

I ub

RNCNode B

(BTS)

Uu

Uu

I uI ub

I u

I u

I u

UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network

(UTRAN) Core Network(CN)

I u

I ur

WCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture


UMTS and the UTRANGSM/GPRS Core Network (CN)

Iu Iu

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iur

IubIubIub

Iub

User Equipment(UE)

UTRAN

(UMTS Terrestrial

Radio Access Network)

PSTNISDN

Internet

Uu

3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.03GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.0

MSCGPRS

Service Node

Iu Iu


UMTS and the UTRAN

• UTRAN Definitions

RNS (Radio Network Subsystem)

A full or partial network offering access between UE and Core Network

Contains one RNC

RNC (Radio Network Controller)

Element of the RNS that controls physical radio resources

Node B

Logical Node controlling transmission and reception from one or more cells

Uu Interface

Interface between UE and Node B

Iu Interface

Interface between CN and RNS

Iur Interface

Interface between one RNS and another RNS

Iub Interface

Interface between RNC and Node B

3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.03GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.0


3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.13GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.1

UMTS and the UTRAN

• UTRAN Operational Functions (partial)

Functions related to overall system access control

Admission Control, Congestion Control

System information broadcasting

Radio channel ciphering and deciphering

Functions related to mobility

Handover

SRNS Relocation

Functions related to radio resource management and control

Initial (random) access detection and handling

Radio resource configuration and operation

combining/splitting control

Radio bearer connection set-up and release (Radio Bearer Control)

Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers

Radio protocols function

RF power control

Radio channel coding

Radio channel decoding


UTRAN Model

• UTRAN OSI Model

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Transport channels - grouped by method of transport

Physical layer

Layer 3

Logical channels - grouped by information content - User Data - Control and signaling

Layer 2

Layer 1

Physical channels Physical Channels Distinguished by: - RF Frequency - Channelization Code - Spreading Code - Modulation (I/Q) Phase (uplink) - Timeslot (TDD mode)

Air Interface

3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.03GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.0

Direct RRC control of the physical layer


Physical Layer Requirements

• Services provided by Physical Layer

Data and RF Processing Functions

FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels

Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers

Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical channels

Power weighting and combining of physical channels

Closed-loop power control

Modulation/demodulation and spreading/de-spreading of physical channels

Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of coded composite transport channels

Mapping of transport channels on physical channels

Macrodiversity distribution/combining

Operational Functions

Cell search functions

Synchronization (chip, bit, slot, and frame synchronization)

Soft Handover support

Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers

Uplink timing advance (TDD mode)

3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2 , 25.301¶ 5.2.2 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2 , 25.301¶ 5.2.2


WCDMA Physical Channels

BaseStation

(BS)

UserEquipment

(UE)

P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH - Sync Channel

P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)

Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell

DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel

F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel

Dedicated Connection Channels

PICH - Page Indication Channel

Paging Channels

S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel

AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel

CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel

CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel

PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel

AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel

Random Access and Packet Access Channels


WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels• Common Downlink Physical Channels

P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary) - Broadcasts cell site information - Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL channels

SCH Synchronization Channel - Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed with P-

CCPCH

S-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary) - Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to

UE’s

P-CIPCH Common Pilot Channel

S-CIPCH Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells)

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel - Transmits high-speed data to multiple users

• Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels DPDCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel

DPCCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to UE’s

3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211


WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels

• Downlink Indication Channels

AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)

Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt

(Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature)

PICH (Page Indication Channel)

Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame

AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel

Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt

(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature)

CD/CA-ICH

Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt

(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature)

Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments

CSICH

Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability

3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211


WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels• Uplink Physical Channels

Common Uplink Physical Channels

PRACH Physical Random Access Channel - Used by UE to initiate access to BS

PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel - Used by UE to send connectionless packet data

Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels

DPDCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel

DPCCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to

BS

3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211


WCDMA Code Types• Channelization Codes (Orthogonal Codes)

Used to orthogonally code different data channels from BS, UE

• Scrambling Codes (Spread Spectrum Codes) BS Scrambling Codes: Used by UE to distinguish the desired BS

UE Scrambling Codes: Used by BS to distinguish the desired UE

• Synchronization Codes Primary Sync. Code: Fixed 256-bit code

Helps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BSHelps UE achieve Slot Synchronization

Secondary Sync. Codes: Group of 256-bit codesHelps UE achieve Frame Synchronization

• Pilot Codes A full-time common Pilot (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE receiver

Pilot data bits are embedded into each timeslot of the Dedicated Data Channel

• Random Access Preamble Codes Preamble Signatures; Used by BS to distinguish between UE making access attempts

Preamble Scrambling Codes; Used to identify which BS is being accessed


WCDMA Downlink Physical Layer


WCDMA Downlink (FDD)

BCCHBroadcast Control Ch.

PCCHPaging Control Ch.

CCCHCommon Control Ch.

DCCHDedicated Control Ch.

DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. N

BCHBroadcast Ch.

PCHPaging Ch.

FACHForward Access Ch.

DCHDedicated Ch.

P-CCPCH(*)Primary Common Control Physical Ch.

S-CCPCHSecondary Common Control Physical Ch.

DPDCH (one or more per UE) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.

DPCCH (one per UE)Dedicated Physical Control Ch.Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits

SSCi

Logical Channels(Layers 3+)

Transport Channels(Layer 2)

Physical Channels(Layer 1)

DownlinkRF Out

DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)One per UE

DSCHDownlink Shared Ch.

SHCCHDSCH Control Ch.

CTCHCommon Traffic Ch.

CPICHCommon Pilot Channel

Null Data

Data Encoding

Data Encoding

Data Encoding

Data Encoding

Data Encoding

PDSCHPhysical Downlink Shared Channel

AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)

PICH (Paging Indication Channel )

Access Indication data

Paging Indication bits

AP-AICH(Access Preamble Indication Channel )

Access Preamble Indication bits

CSICH (CPCH Status Indication Channel )

CPCH Status Indication bits

CD/ CA-ICH (Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment )

CPCH Status Indication bits

S/ P

S/ P

Cch

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

S/ P

Cell-specificScrambling

Code

I+jQI/ Q

Modulator

Q

I

Cch

Cch

Cch

Cch

Cch

Cch

Cch

Cch 256,1

Cch 256,0

GS

PSC

GP

Sync Codes(*)

* Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH

Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslot

Filter

Filter

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

SCH (Sync Channel)

DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. 1

DCHDedicated Ch.

Data Encoding

MUX

MUX

CCTrCH

DCHDedicated Ch.

Data Encoding


Downlink Logical Channels• Common Downlink Logical Channels

BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)

– Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE

PCCH (Paging Control Channel)

– Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is unknown

CCCH (Common Control Channel)

– Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection

SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel)

– Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only)

CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)

– Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.

• Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels

DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel)

– Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection

DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)

– Traffic channel dedicated to one UE

3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.13GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1


Downlink Transport Channels

• Common Downlink Transport Channels BCH (Broadcast Channel)

– Continuous transmission of system and cell information PCH (Paging Channel)

– Carries control information to UE when location is unknown– Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel)

FACH (Forward Access Channel)

– Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE– No closed-loop power control

DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)

– Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s

• Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels DCH (Dedicated Channel)

– Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE

3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.13GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1


OVSF Codes

• Downlink OVSF Channelization Codes

1

1 -1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1

1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1

C1,0

C2,0

C2,1

C4,0

C4,1

C4,2

C4,3

Designation: cch, SF , code number

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.33GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.3


Code Layering• WCDMA Code Layering 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3

3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3

FDDDOWNLI NK

FDDUPLI NK

TDDDOWNLI NK

TDDUPLI NK

OVSF DataChannelizationCodes

OVSF4 ~ 512 chips

OVSF4 ~ 256 chips

OVSF{ 1 or 16 chips )

OVSF{ 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16

chips )

OVSF ModulationSymbolRate

960 ksps ~ 7.5 ksps 960 ksps ~ 15 ksps 3.84 Msps, 240 ksps3.84 Msps ~

240 ksps

ScramblingCodes(DistinguishesBTS or UE)

Complex (I ,jQ) Code38,400 chips of a

218 Gold Sequence

Complex (I ,jQ) Code38,400 chips of a225 Gold Sequence

or256-chip S(2) code

* multiplied byHPSK rotator codes

Code length same as OVSF length( 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16 chips )

127 scrambling codes specified inTS25.223 V 3.0.0 Annex A

Each cell has a specific scrambling codefrom the group of 127 codes


Common Pilot Channel

• Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)

Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec

1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A

-A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -AA A -A

Slot 0 Slot 1Slot 14

Antenna 1Symbols

Antenna 2Symbols

If transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna:

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.33GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3


Sync Channel / Primary Common Control Channel• Downlink SCH / P-CCPCH

Broadcast Data (18 bits)SSCi

BCH Spreading Factor = 2561 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH data bits / slot

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15


2304 Chips256 ChipsSCH BCH

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2

PSC


Secondary Common Control Channel

• Downlink S-CCPCH

Spreading Factor = 256 to 41 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = [0..6]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15


20 to 1256 bits0, 2, or 8 bits

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2

DataTFCI or DTX Pilot

0, 8, or 16 bits


Page Indication Channel

• Paging Indication Channel (PICH)

Spread with SF=256 Channelization code

Each UE looks for a particular PICH time slot

A paging indicator set to “1” indicates that the UE should read the S-CCPCH of the corresponding frame.

b1b0

288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)

One radio frame (10 ms)

b287 b288 b299

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.93GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.9


Dedicated Control/Data Channel

• Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame

Data 2TFCIData 1 TPC

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]SF = 512/2k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15


DPDCH

Pilot

DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH

The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.

The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI

Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB

The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.

The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI

Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2


Downlink Data Rates• Variable Data Rates on the Downlink: Examples

Bits/ Frame Bits/ Slot

DPCCH

Channel BitRate

(kbps)

ChannelSymbol

Rate(ksps)

SF

TOTAL DPDCH DPCCH TOTAL DPDCH

TFCI TPC PILOT

15 7.5 512 150 60 90 10 4 0 2 4

120 60 64 1200 900 300 80 60 8 4 8

1920 960 4 19,200 18,720 480 1280 1248 8 8 16

Coded Data1.920 Mb/sec

(19,200 bits per 10 mSec frame)

S/P Converter

Channel Coding(OVSF codes at 3.84 Mcps)

960 kb/sec


Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats

14 480 240 16 320 56 232 8 8* 16 1514A 480 240 16 320 56 224 8 16* 16 8-1414B 960 480 8 640 112 464 16 16* 32 8-1415 960 480 8 640 120 488 8 8* 16 15

15A 960 480 8 640 120 480 8 16* 16 8-1415B 1920 960 4 1280 240 976 16 16* 32 8-1416 1920 960 4 1280 248 1000 8 8* 16 15

16A 1920 960 4 1280 248 992 8 16* 16 8-14

DPDCHBits/Slot

DPCCHBits/Slot

SlotFormat

#i

ChannelBit Rate(kbps)

ChannelSymbol

Rate(ksps)

SF Bits/Slot

NData1 NData2 NTPC NTFCI NPilot

Transmittedslots per

radio frameNTr

0 15 7.5 512 10 0 4 2 0 4 150A 15 7.5 512 10 0 4 2 0 4 8-140B 30 15 256 20 0 8 4 0 8 8-141 15 7.5 512 10 0 2 2 2 4 15

1B 30 15 256 20 0 4 4 4 8 8-142 30 15 256 20 2 14 2 0 2 15

2A 30 15 256 20 2 14 2 0 2 8-142B 60 30 128 40 4 28 4 0 4 8-143 30 15 256 20 2 12 2 2 2 15

3A 30 15 256 20 2 10 2 4 2 8-143B 60 30 128 40 4 24 4 4 4 8-14

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2

Notes:

1) Zero-TFCI slot formats are used when there is only one data service on the DCH.

2) Slot formats A and B are used during compressed mode operation


Time-Embedded Pilot Symbols

• DL: Time-multiplexed with DPDCH

• UL: Transmitted on Q-channel along with TPC, TFCI, FBI bits

Npilot = 4 Npilot = 8 Npilot = 16

Symbol # 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Slot #1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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Pilot Bit Patterns, Downlink DPDCH (Data Channel)

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2

Note:

Shaded portions are the Frame Synchronization Words (FSW)


Transmit Power Control (TPC) Bits

• TPC Bits

2, 4, or 8 bits per slot depending on slot format

3GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 133GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 13

TPC Command NTPC = 2 NTPC = 4 NTPC = 8

Up (1) 11 1111 11111111

Down (0) 00 0000 00000000


TFCI Bits

• TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator)

Used when multiple services are multiplexed onto one DPDCH

Data Channel 1

Data Channel 2

Data Channel N Channel Coding

Channel Coding

Channel Coding

Coded Composite Transport Channel

(CCTrCH)

TFI 1

TFI 2

TFI N

MUX

MUX

TFCI Word32 bits

TFI: Transport Format IndicatorTFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator

Channel Coding10 bits


Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing

Conv. Coding R=1/3

304

304

#2 344

688

688

#1 344

420

344 76

Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N

Traffic data (122x2)

Add CRC bits

Add Tail bits

2nd interleaving 420 420 420

344 76 344 76 344 76

#1 76 #2 76 #3 76 #4 76

804

260

244Tail 8

CRC16

360

112

Tail 896

96CRC 16

Rate matching

1st interleaving

Add CRC bits

Layer 3 Control data

Add Tail bits

Conv. Coding R=1/3

#2 344#1 344Radio Frame

Segmentation

slot segmentation

30 ksps DPCH

Rate matching

1st interleaving

244

Traffic @ 12.2 kbpsTraffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols)

Data from second 244-bit packet


Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing

Turbo Coding R=1/3

280

280

#2 9050

18100

18100

#1 9050

9120

9050 70




9050 70 9050 70 9050 70

#1 70 #2 70 #3 70 #4 70

11568

7712

3840

Terminationbits

CRC16

360

112

Tail 896

96CRC 16

Rate matching

1st interleaving


Conv. Coding R=1/3

#2 9050#1 9050Radio Frame

Segmentation

slot segmentation

480 ksps DPCH

Rate matching

1st interleaving

3840

Traffic @ 384 kbpsTraffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI

9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.)

3840

CRC16

3840

Concatenate Concatenate

Add CRC bits Add CRC bits

12 11568 12


608 608 608

32 32 32

608 608 608

32 32 32

608 608 608

32 32 32

608 608 608

32 32 32


Multi-Code Transmission

• Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]

Data 2TFCIData 1 TPC Pilot

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2

PrimaryDPCCH/DPDCH

Data 4Data 3Additional

DPCCH/DPDCH

Data NData N-1Additional

DPCCH/DPDCH


Downlink Shared Channel

• Downlink PDSCH Frame

Data (30 kbps to 1920 kbps)

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 x 2^k bits, k = [0...6]SF = [256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, or 4]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15


Notes:

The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.

The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH

Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized

Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE

Notes:

The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.

The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH

Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized

Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.53GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.5


CRC Algorithms

• CRC Algorithms

0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers)

g(CRC24) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1

g(CRC16) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1

g(CRC12) = D12 + D11 + D3 + D2 + D + 1

g(CRC8) = D8 + D7 + D4 + D3 + D + 1

3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.13GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.1


FEC Coding Rules• FEC Coding

Transport Channel Coding Method Coder Rate

BCH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2

PCH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2

RACH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2

No Coding

Convolutional Coding 1/ 2 or 1/ 3 DCH, DSCH, CPCH, FACH

Turbo Coding 1/ 3

3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.33GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3


WCDMA Convolutional Code Generators3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1

3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1

DD D D D D D DData In

2:1MUX

DataOut

DD D D D D D DData In

3:1MUX

DataOut

Rate 1/2, k=9 coder: G0 = 5618 , G1 = 7538

Rate 1/3 , k=9 coder: G0 = 5578 , G1 = 6638 , G2 = 7118


WCDMA Turbo Code Generator

Data InRate = X

MUX

Data Out

3x input bits + 12 Termination bits

Xk

Xk

Zk

TurboInterleaver

X’k

Z’k

At end of data block, both switches go “down” to provide 12-bit Trellis Termination: [ xK+1, zK+1, xK+2, zK+2, xK+3, zK+3, x'K+1, z'K+1, x'K+2, z'K+2, x'K+3, z'K+3 ]

3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.23GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.2

D D D

D D D


Interleaving

• Interleaving

1st-Stage Interleaver

Performed prior to service multiplexing

Interleaving depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 columns

2nd-Stage Interleaver

Performed after service multiplexing

Interleaving depth of 30 columns

3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11


Interleaving• Interleaving (‘K’ blocks containing (R x C) bits each)

0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)

0

C

•

•

(R-1)C

1

C+1

•

•

(R-1)(C+1)

- - -

- - -

m

C+m

•

•

(R-1)(C+m)

C-1

2C-1

•

•

RC-1

- - -

- - -

0

C

•

•

(R-1)C

m

C+m

•

•

(R-1)(C+m)

1

C+1

•

•

(R-1)(C+1)

C-1

2C-1

•

•

RC-1

C0 Cm C1 CF-1

Before Interleaving

Write Data into Matrix

Row-wise

After Interleaving 0, C, … , (R-1)C , m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m) , … , 1, C+1 , (R-1)(C+1), .., C-1 , 2C-1 , … RC-1

Read Data from Matrix

Column-wise

C0 C1 Cm CC-1- - - - - -Permute

MatrixColumns

3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11


Interleaving• Interleaver Columns Permutations (1st and 2nd Interleavers)

I nterleaverI nterleaving

SpanNumber

of ColumnsI nter-columnPermutation

10 mSec 1 None

20 mSec 2 { 0 1 }

40 mSec 4 { 0 2 1 3 }

1st

80 mSec 8 { 0 4 2 6 1 5 3 7 }

2nd 10 mSec 30

{ 0, 20 ,10, 5, 15, 25, 3, 13, 23, 8, 18, 28, 1, 11, 21, 6, 16, 26, 4, 14, 24, 19, 9, 29, 12, 2, 7, 22, 27, 17 }


Rate Matching

• Rate Matching

When coded data rates of services are incompatible, “Rate Matching” is used to equalize the data rates.

Rate Matching may be performed by:

Padding with extra bits

Puncturing of bits using a pseudo-random algorithm

For complete rate matching rules, see 3GPP TS25.212 ¶ 4.2.7

3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.73GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.7


Downlink Orthogonal Code Allocations

• Each data stream is assigned a unique Channelization Code - User voice / data channels

- Layer 3+ Control Channel data

• Primary CPICH (Common Pilot) uses Channelization Code C256,0

- One per cell

- Phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH

- Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code

• Secondary CPICH uses any Channelization code of SF=256 - Zero, one, or several per cell

- Scrambled using the Primary or Secondary Scrambling Code

• P-CCPCH (Broadcast Channel) always uses Code C256,1

• S-CCPCH Channelization Code is broadcast over the P-CCPCH

• Traffic Channel Codes are transmitted over the S-CCPCH


Complex PN Spreading

• Complex PN Spreading (Downlink)

I

Q

SC-Q

SC-I

FIR Filter

FIR Filter

cos ( 2fRFt)

sin ( 2fRFt)

SC-I

RFOutput

Is

Qs

3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 53GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5


Complex PN Spreading• Complex PN Spreading (Downlink): The way it looks in the spec

+

p(t)

p(t)

RF Out

Cos(t)

-Sin(t)

ScramblingCode

(Cscram)

SCI + jSCQ

+

*j

Real (•)

Imag (•)

I+jQ

I

Q

Same result as in the previous slide:

3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11


BS Transmit Diversity• TSTD (Time-Switched Transmit Diversity); SCH Only

b0 b1 b2 b3

b0 b1 b2 b3

-b2 b3 b0 -b1

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Data bits

PSC

SSCi

PSC

SSCi

PSC

SSCi

PSC

SSCi

PSC

SSCi

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #14

• STTD (Space-Time Transmit Diversity); All Other DL Channels

Note: TSTD and STTD must be supported by the UE, but are optional in BS

3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.33GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.3


Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity• Closed-loop Transmit Diversity (DCH, PDSCH only)

UE sends Feedback Information (FBI) Bits to the BS over the DPCCH

FBI bits tell the BS how to adjust antenna gain and phase for optimal reception at the UE

DPCCH

DPDCHMUX

DCH (or PDSCH)

W1W2

CPICH2

CPICH1

Decode FBICalculate

Gains, Phases

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Weights W1, W2 are complex-valued:

Wi = ai + jbi

gaini = square root (ai2 + bi

2)phasei = tan-1(bi/ai)

3GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 73GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 7

• S/P Demux• Channelization• Scrambling• I/Q Modulation


WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer


Logical Channels(Layers 3+)

Transport Channels(Layer 2)

Physical Channels(Layer 1)

UplinkRF Out

UEScrambling

Code

I+jQ I/QMod.

Q

I

Chc

I

Filter

Filter

CCCHCommon Control Ch.

DTCH (packet mode)Dedicated Traffic Ch.

RACHRandom Access Ch.

PRACHPhysical Random Access Ch.

DPDCH #1Dedicated Physical Data Ch.

CPCHCommon Packet Ch.

PCPCHPhysical Common Packet Ch.

Data Coding

Data Coding

DPDCH #3 (optional)Dedicated Physical Data Ch.

DPDCH #5 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.




Q

DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Ch.

Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits

Chd

Gc

Gd

j

Chd,1 Gd

Chd,3 Gd

Chd,5 Gd

Chd,2 Gd

Chd,4 Gd

Chd,6 Gd

Chc Gd

Chc

Chd

Gc

Gd

j

RACH Control Part

PCPCH Control Part

j

DCCHDedicated Control Ch.

DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. N

DCHDedicated Ch.

Data Encoding

DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. 1

DCHDedicated Ch.

Data Encoding M

UX

CCTrCH

DCHDedicated Ch.

Data Encoding

WCDMA Uplink (FDD)


Uplink Transport Channels• Uplink Transport Channels

Common Uplink Transport Channels

RACH Random Access Channel

- Carries access requests, control information, short data

- Uses only open-loop power control - Subject to random access collisions

CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel - Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH

Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels

DCH Dedicated Channel

- Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE


Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits)

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

Pilot FBI TPC

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15


I

QTFCI

DPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slot

PILOT: Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot)

TFCI: Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits)

FBI: Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits)

TPC: Transmit Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB

3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1


Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats

3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1

Slot Format #i Channel Bit Rate (kbps)

Channel Symbol Rate (ksps)

SF Bits/ Frame

Bits/ Slot

Ndata

0 15 15 256 150 10 10 1 30 30 128 300 20 20 2 60 60 64 600 40 40 3 120 120 32 1200 80 80 4 240 240 16 2400 160 160 5 480 480 8 4800 320 320 6 960 960 4 9600 640 640

Slot Format #i

Channel Bit Rate (kbps)

Channel Symbol Rate (ksps)

SF Bits/ Frame

Bits/ Slot

Npilot NTPC NTFCI NFBI Transmitted slots per

radio frame 0 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 2 0 15

0A 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 3 0 10-14 0B 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 4 0 8-9 1 15 15 256 150 10 8 2 0 0 8-15 2 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 2 1 15

2A 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 3 1 10-14 2B 15 15 256 150 10 3 2 4 1 8-9 3 15 15 256 150 10 7 2 0 1 8-15 4 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 0 2 8-15 5 15 15 256 150 10 5 1 2 2 15

5A 15 15 256 150 10 4 1 3 2 10-14 5B 15 15 256 150 10 3 1 4 2 8-9

DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) Slot Formats

DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) Slot Formats


FBI (Feedback Indication) Field

• FBI Field

3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1

S Field

0, 1, or 2 bits

Used for SSDT signalingduring soft handover

D Field

0 or 1 bit

Provides feedback informationfor closed-loop transmit diversity

0, 1, or 2 bits total depending on Slot Format

SSDT (Site Selection Transmit Diversity) is an enhanced soft handover process

The UE determines the cell with the strongest received signal, and indicates this “primary cell” selection using the S Field.

Cells other than the primary cell suspend transmission, so that overall downlink interference is reduced.


Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing

Conv. Coding R=1/3

360

402

600



Add CRC bits

Add Tail bits


490 110

110 110 110 110

804

260

244Tail 8

CRC16

360

112

Tail 896

96CRC 16

1st interleaving

Add CRC bits


Add Tail bits

Conv. Coding R=1/3

Rate Matching

slot segmentation

60 ksps DPDCH

1st interleaving

244

Traffic @ 12.2 kbpsTraffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols)


402Frame Segmentation

804

#1a 490 #2a 490 #1b 490 #2b 490

Frame Segmentation 90 90 90 90

490 110 490 110 490 110


Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing

Turbo Coding R=1/3

360

9525

23160

11580

9600

9525 75




9525 75 9525 75 9525 75

75 75 75 75

11568

7712

3840

Terminationbits

CRC16

360

112

Tail 896

96CRC 16

Rate matching

1st interleaving


Conv. Coding R=1/3

Frame Segmentation

slot segmentation

480 ksps DPDCH

1st interleaving

3840

Traffic @ 384 kbpsTraffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3

9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.)

3840

CRC16

3840

Concatenate Concatenate

Add CRC bits Add CRC bits

12 11568 12


640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640

11580

9525 9525 9525

Frame Segmentation 90 90 90 90


Uplink Channelization Codes for HPSK• Special Restrictions on OVSF Codes on the Uplink (for HPSK)

If only one DPDCH is used:

SF of 4 ~ 256 may be usedOVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4

If two through six DPDCH’s are used:

SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’sDPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1

DPDCH_3 , DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C4,3


If only one DPDCH is used:

SF of 4 ~ 256 may be usedOVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4

If two through six DPDCH’s are used:

SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’sDPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1



1

1 -1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1

1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1

C1,0

C2,0

C2,1

C4,0

C4,1

C4,2

C4,3

DPCCH

DPDCH 1, 2

DPDCH 3, 4

DPDCH 5, 6

3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.23GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.2


Complex and HPSK Spreading• QPSK Modulation Pattern

QPSK

I,Q Equal

Magnitude

QPSK

I,QNon-EqualMagnitude

After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering


Note:

When the I and Q branches are imbalanced, the constellation becomes “rectangular”.

This worsens peak to average power ratio, as the signal looks more like BPSK modulation.


Complex and HPSK Spreading• Complex Spreading Pattern

ComplexPN Spreading

I,Q Equal

Magnitude

ComplexPN Spreading

I,Q Non-EqualMagnitude



Note:

The complex spread patterns remain “circular”, or more nearly constant amplitude, even when the I and Q branches are unequal in amplitude.

This is because the constellation phase is constantly rotated in 90 degree steps.


Complex and HPSK Spreading• Complex PN Spreading vs. HPSK spreading

Complex PN Spreading

I,Q Equal

Magnitude

HPSK Spreading

I,Q Non-Equal Magnitude

Complex PN

Complex PN

HPSK

HPSK

Note:

The HPSK patterns have reduced incidence of zero-amplitude crossings as compared with the Complex PN spread patterns.

This is due to the specific selection of orthogonal codes, which are selected to prohibit +/- transitions on consecutive bits

e.g.,

[ + + + + ]

[ + + - - ]


Uplink Scrambling Code

• Uplink Scrambling Code (38,400 chips of 225 Gold Code)

Note:

c2 (quadrature component) is a 16,777,232 chip delayed version of the code, c1

Code “n” is created using a 24-bit key [n0 ... n23] for the initial conditions: xn(0) = n0 ; xn(1) = n1 , … xn(23) = n23 ; xn(24)=1

y(0) = y(1) = … = y(23) = y(24) = 1

X

Y

MSB LSB

Decimate 1:2

Clong 1,n

Clong 2,n

w0 = {1 1}

w0 = {1 -1}

Cscr

3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.23GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.2

I

Q


Uplink Scrambling Code

Random Access, Packet Access

• Cell-specific Scrambling Code(s)

• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN

• Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the BCH or FACH

• 8,192 PRACH codes

• 32,768 PCPCH codes

• Code allocation corresponds tothe cell’s DL scrambling code group

Dedicated Traffic Connection

• UE-specific Scrambling Code(s)

• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN

• Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the FACH

• 224 possible codes

Uplink Scrambling Code Type depends on the Application

Note:

Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of thelong scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers).See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2

Note:

Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of thelong scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers).See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2

4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 1 of 65 WCDMA Air Interface Training...

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Transcript of 4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface Part 4: 1 of 65 WCDMA Air Interface Training...