4 Week 5 - Referencingbacm

7/29/2019 4 Week 5 - Referencingbacm

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Referencing and CitationsBMC2912 | Research Methodology

Prepared by Noranis Ismail

FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY

BMC2912| Research Methodology

Introduction

Why do I need to reference?

quote another person word for word (direct quotation)

paraphrase or summarize

use statistics (eg. Population)

use tables, figures, diagrams and appendices.

use controversial facts, opinions, or a date which might be challenged


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Three main reasons for citing accurate references:

To give credit to other authors concepts and ideas

To provide the reader (often the marker / examiner of the assignment) with

evidence of the breadth and depth of your reading

To enable the readers of your work to locate the cited references easily

Introduction



When to Reference?

Whenever you use any source of information for:

Your inspiration

Particular facts, theories, findings or ideas in an authors work

Specific data or statistics

A direct quotation

Paraphrasing an authors words


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Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of using or copying someone elses idea or work and

trying to present it as your own.

It is a serious misconduct at University and should be avoided at all times.

The best way to avoid being accused of plagiarism is to acknowledge the

resources upon which you have based your ideas



Styles of Referencing

There are different styles of referencing, such as:

Harvard

Oxford

APA ( American Psychological Association)

MLA ( Modern Language Association)


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Styles of Referencing

HARVARD

A standard system of citing and listing references makes it easier to trace

academic and other knowledge efficiently.

Was developed in USA, grew popularity in 1950s and 1960s and become the

most common system in use internationally.



Citing, Reference and Bibliography

Citing

When you use another persons work in your own work, either by referring to their

ideas, or by including a direct quotation, you must acknowledge this in the text

of your work. This acknowledgement is called a citation.

When you are using the Harvard style, your citation should include:

1. The author or editor of the cited work

2. The year of publication of the cited work


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Citing, Reference and Bibliography

Reference

A reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text.

Bibliography

A list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources

the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader. The format used

for Bibliography is the same as reference list.



Citations: In Text Referencing

You may acknowledge the source of your information or ideas within the text of your

work in various ways.

Quotation

You may quote the author's exact words to support your argument

When quoting directly in the text use quotation marks as well as acknowledging the

author's name, year of publication and page number of the quote in brackets.

Short quotations e.g. up to 2 lines can be included in the body of the text:-

Example:

Weir (1995) states that defining roles and their remits is not simple (p.10).


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Longer quotations should be indented in a separate paragraph:-

Example:

Thomas and Ingham (1995) in discussing staff development state that Development is infectious,

and staff who previously have recoiled from undertaking a degree or conversion course have

been encouraged by the success of others (p.33)

OR

In a discussion about the staff development state that: Development is infectious, and staff who

previously have recoiled from undertaking a degree or conversion course have been encouraged

by the success of others

(Thomas and Ingham 1995 : p.33)

Quotation

In Text Referencing




Author's original text ( DO NOT REFER TO THIS FORMAT)

One of the most commonly used phrases in the design world: "the client didn't get

it." And yes, of course, some clients genuinely don't and never will. But think long

and hard before laying the blame for a poorly executed project at the feet of the

non-designer. A critical part of the designer's job is to explain whysomething has

to be done a certain way. If you can't convince the client, who chooses to go

another, disastrous route, that's not actually his or her fault. It's yours.

Helen Walters, 2009, Dos and Dont for Designers Dealing with Business

.



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.

Walters (2009) concludes that, A critical part of the designers job is to explain whysomething has to be done a certain way. (p.54)

(Starts with Authors surname with year followed by a verb , the quote and page number in bracket)

Quotation Example:

A critical part of the designers job is to explain why something has to be done a

certain way. (Walters 2009: p.54).

(Starts with the quote and ends with Authors Surname year and page number in a bracket)

AuthorsSURNAME ONLY

Year Published

Page Number

Quote from Article

Quote from Article

Page Number

Year Published

Authors

SURNAME ONLY

In Text Referencing

Verb

Single Inverted

Commas

Single Inverted

Commas




Citations: Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing means to restate accurately and succinctly in your own words something you

have read.

If your work does not refer to specific ideas on particular pages of a resource but to general

themes mentioned throughout the resource, page numbers need not be shown.


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Sure, the core activity is just talking to people. But writing is more than just typing, and

design is more than knowing how to use a pencil. Design research is about much

more than holding a video camera and watching what people do. Hold your design

research to the same standard of excellence as the rest of your work. You'll know

you've succeeded when you can represent your customer's perspective on current

and future products; when you've found something surprising out of the fieldwork,

and when you've distilled those surprises into implications like new products ideas,

new features, a design brief. Sure, you could have come up with those ideas without

doing research, but now you can make a complete case from uncovered need to

relevant solution. If you can't pull this off, get some help from someone who can.

taken from an article by Steve Portigal, 2009, 5 Keys to Successful Design

Author's original text ( DO NOT REFER TO THIS FORMAT)




A lot of techniques (Portigal 2009) of research in design perspectives is so much morethan observing and getting the results, its more into getting new knowledge and solutions

Portigal (2009) claims that activities in design research are more than handling interviews,writing facts or holding a video camera observing on peoples reactions.

General Theme

Specific Idea

First few words

of your sentence

Authors

SURNAME ONLY

Year Published

Simplify the paragraph in your

own words but the facts are taken

from the article

AuthorsSURNAME ONLY

Year Published

Select some sentences

from the paragraph andrewrite the facts by using

your own words based onyour understanding



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Citations: Images or Print Screens

Example

Figure 1: Attack of the Killer Website

Source: (creativebehavior.com 2007)

Image TitleItem Number

Use only MAIN

LINK not thewhole url!

Year of the image

published



The Quick Guide to Referencing

Source: Harris, R 2001, The plagiarism handbook: strategies forpreventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak, Los Angeles


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Source: Harris, R 2001, The plagiarism handbook: strategies forpreventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak, Los Angeles

The Quick Guide to Referencing



Verbs that helps with author- prominent referencing

Source: Academic Learning Support, January, 2007, Harvard (Author-Date) Referencing Guide, Central Queensland University,


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Tips on Getting Started

Remember to record all the documents you read

Note down:

Who is responsiblefor the document, is it a personal author or organization

When was the document publishedor for electronic documents, made available

Title What is the title of the book

If it is an article, note the article title and journal title



Note down (cont..)

If it is a website, identify what part of the site you are looking at.

Locationinformation, publishers details for books, volume and pages for

journals

Website addresses, if in doubt, use the home page address which is more

stable, and give routing to the page you are viewing

Electronic sources, note the date accessed and take a printed copy of the front

page

Tips on Getting Started


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References List: Guide

Please refer to your Harvard Referencing Guide for detailed referencing format

Books

1) Utterback, J. (2006) Design-Inspired Innovation, World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd

Internet

1) Portigal, S. (2009) 5 Keys to Successful Design Research[Online] Available from:http://www.core77.com/hack2work/2009/09/five_keys_to_successful_design.asp

[Accessed 11th September 2009]

Authors

SURNAME

Initial First Name Year Published

Book Title Publisher

Authors

SURNAME

Initial First Name

Year PublishedOnline Article Title

The date that you

browsed the

webpage

Full Website Link

Term: Online



Please refer to your Harvard Referencing Guide for detailed referencing format

Image

1) Figure 1: Attack of the Killer Website[Image] (2007) Available from:http://www.creativebehavior.com/image/wallpaper7 [ Accessed 5th April 2009]

Image Title

Complete link

The date that you

browsed thewebpage

Term : Image

Year

References List: Guide


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Reference List

o Need to list it out according to type of source and in alphabetical order

o Only use surname and Initial of the main name for reference list

o Please include page number if you have any in your sources.

o If there is no year published in the article, please use n.d. (no date) instead.

References List: Notes

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