4 Watt Road Show February 2006. ©2005 GS1 2 Making our Vision a Reality Agenda UHF spectrum Why 4...

4 Watt Road ShowFebruary 2006

©2005 GS12Making our Vision a Reality

Agenda

• UHF spectrum• Why 4 Watts?• History• Current Status• 4 Watt Authorisation Procedures• Authorised site obligations• Lessons learned so far• Future


Background

• The UHF tags will be able to be read by readers operating within 860 – 960 MHz range.

• The readers will be restricted to a small subset of this range depending on where in the world they are being operated.

• There are also regulations on the amount of power emitted by the readers depending on where the readers are being used.

• Therefore, a tag may be applied to an item and shipped anywhere in the world, but a reader has to be specifically set up for the region or country


Map of the ITU regions


UHF band legislation

Need to consider performance

NB linear scales

860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940

Europe (proposed)

Europe (current)

North America

AustraliaAustralia Japan(RFID only)

Freq (MHz)

4

Pow

er

(W)


Why is 4 Watts essential?

• Internationally, most countries are moving towards 4 Watts• North America – 4 Watts EIRP

• Europe – 2 Watts ERP

• Asia region – most countries are 4 Watts EIRP

• Proven that 4 Watts is required for efficient industry adoption• Increased read range

• Improved read rates

• Faster movement through RFID area


2

metr

es

1 Watt

Why is 4 Watts essential?

5.5 metres

5

metr

es

4 Watts


Current Licensing arrangements

CTS

LMSCMTS DIGITALCMTS

DIGITALCMTS

865 890820 845 915 960

935

Radiolocation

928

918 926

RADIOLOCATION

ISM

942

930 933825 830

831

835 852

854

857 870 875

876

880

SINGLE CHANNELTWOFREQUENCY

FIXED SERVICE

LOW CAPACITYFIXED SERVICE

SINGLE FREQUENCYSINGLE CHANNELFIXED SERVICE

FIGURE 1: 900 MHz BAND PLAN DIAGRAM

S

ABBREVIATIONS:

CMTS

DSRR

ISM

CTS

LMS(T)

Cellular Mobile Telephone Service

Digital Short Range Radio

Industrial, Scientific and Medical Applications

Cordless Telephone Service

Land Mobile Service (Trunked)

(BT)

BR Base Receive

BT Base Transmit

CMTS

(BR)

(BR)

(BT)

(BT)(BR)

SOB Sound Outside Broadcast Link

850

Radiolocation

WIDEBAND

FIXEDSERVICE

LEGEND

Services, the names of which are printed in 'CAPITALS'are called 'primary' services.

Services, the names of which are printed in 'normalcharacters' are called 'secondary' services.

3 3

3 43

543

6

9 10

9

6

Fixed Service4Mobile Service

N

N

= see note N in Table 1 of the 900 MHz Band Plan.

= see note N in Table 2 of the 900 MHz Band Plan.

sob

12

12

FIXEDSERVICEWIDEBAND

Frequency

Services

(MHz)

Analoguecmts

(br)

Analoguecmts

(bt)2 2

2 2

FIXED SERVICE

TWOFREQUENCY

LOW CAPACITY

SINGLE FREQUENCY

8

850.5846.5

(T)(T)LMS

861

CTS

11

311

7 73

895 900 905 910 940 945 950 955

7 7

O

S

B

S

O

B

D

R

R

See Table 2 of the 900 MHz Band Plan.

See Table 1 of the 900 MHz Band Plan.

Fixed ServiceFixed Service

2255

YouAre

Here

RFIDIsHere

GSM Services

Cordless phones

RLAN’sRadiolocationUsed by DoD

CDMA Services

Land Mobile Services

RLAN’sSound outside broadcast



• Operates under class licensing regime• Radiocommunications (Low Interference

Potential Devices) Class Licence 2000

• Places minimal restrictions on services

• Frequency

• Power

• Additional Limitations where necessary

• No protection/No interference



Item Class of transmitter Permitted operating frequency band (MHz) (lower limit exclusive, upper limit inclusive)

Maximum EIRP

Limitations

30 Radiofrequency identification transmitters

1. 1.77–2.17

2. 2.93–3.58

3. 7.2–10.01

100 pW


1. 13.553–13.567

2. 918–926

3. 2400–2450

4. 5725–5795

5. 5815–5875

6. 24000–24250

1 W


5795–5815 2 W


1 Watt RFID output

The problem with increasing to 4 Watts

•Class licence ensures services do not interfere•Increasing to 4 Watts increases interference probabilities

4 Watt RFID output1 Watt RFID output

GSM interference level

918 MHz

915 MHz


The Way Forward

• There is a chance of interference, but not sure how much

• ACMA considered testing as the best way forward

• ACMA provided GS1 with an Australian wide Scientific Licence• Working with ACMA on this for over 2 years

• Neutral body

• Not-for-profit organisation


Terms of the Licence

• Initial Licence to run for 1 year• From July 12th 2005 to July 11th 2006

• 4 Watts EIRP

• 920 – 926 MHz

• No interference/no protection• GS1 to maintain database of all RFID sites

• Operator details

• Location

• Equipment

• GS1 to manage interference disputes• GS1 to report all interference incidents to ACMA


Applying for Authorisation

• Step 1• Apply to GS1 Aust by visiting the website

• http://www.gs1au.org/services/epcglobal/4w/_4w.asp• Paper based application

• Download form• Complete all details• Fax application form (including diagram of location)• Fax Third party Authorisation

• Online application• Complete on-line application• Fax diagram of location• Fax Third Party Authorisation



• Step 2• GS1 Aust will check registration details

• Ensure all details are filled in correctly

• Ensure 3rd Party Authorisation is signed

• Check proximity of RFID site to GSM base station using

• location diagram

• Lat/Long coordinates provided

• Make decision on approval of authorisation

• History of applicant will be considered



• Step 3• GS1 will respond to applicant to indicate initial

approval status

• Step 4• Payment to be made to GS1 Aust

• Cheque

• Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

• Credit card



• Step 5• Once payment is received, official authorisation

will be sent via e-mail followed by hardcopy.

• If approved sites are within 1 km of GSM base station

• Site applicant will be made aware

• GSM provider will be made aware

• Closer monitoring for interference for these sites


Requirements of Applicant

• Ensure RFID devices operate within specification• As stated in application

• Maintain Log of use• Benefits both applicant and ACMA• Used to determine if RFID in operation when/if

GSM services are interfered with

• Agree to halt operations if interference occurs• Work with solution provider to find a solution to

interference issues• Provide solution to GS1 Australia


Sites operating outside of Rules

• ACMA will be monitoring spectrum• ACMA will take action on sites found to be operating

• Outside of the licence agreement

• At 4 Watts with no authorisation agreement

• Under the Radiocommunications Act 1992, ACMA can:• Fine operators up to $100,000

• Seize all infringing devices

• Act as witness to any civil claims

• Interfered adjacent users can:• Seek compensation for degraded service


Authorisation details

• Cost of application• GS1 is working on a cost recovery only basis

• $140 per site

• Amendments to sites are free

• One company may have many sites in one building

• Readers Groups separated by more than 200m

• The application is only valid till 11th July 2006


Sites

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Sites

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Lessons learned so far

• Interference issues already for two sites • Found to be operating out of band

• Incident reports

• Possible additional requirements for sites found to have previously caused interference


Spectrum Analysers

• Buying an analyser• Either portable or fixed

• Only need to read up to 1 GHz

• Some models:

• Rohde & Schwarz FSH3 (handheld)

• Anritsu MS2711D Colour Portable Spectrum Analyser

• HP 8591E 1.8 GHz Spectrum Analyser

• Renting an analyser• Tech rentals

• National Company

• http://www.techrentals.com.au/index.asp

• Between $250 - $400 a day


Ultimate Goal

• Obtaining a change to the LIPD class licence for UHF RFID services to operate at 4 Watts

• Only happen if we have enough data

• Need applicants to share information

• Need applicants to follow the rules

• Consequences if industry does not support this initiative and need to ensure comply with requirements


Contact details

Fiona Wilson

General Manager

Standards Development

D. +61 3 9558 9559

E. [email protected]

GS1 Australia

Axxess Corporate Park

Unit 100/45 Gilby Rd

Mt Waverley VIC 3149

T. +61 3 9558 9559

F. +61 3 9558 9551


W. www.gs1au.org

Main 4 Watt RFID Contact:

Gabriel Phillips

Standards Development Coordinator

EPC Network

D. +61 3 9550 3476


4 Watt Road Show February 2006. ©2005 GS1 2 Making our Vision a Reality Agenda UHF spectrum Why 4...

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Transcript of 4 Watt Road Show February 2006. ©2005 GS1 2 Making our Vision a Reality Agenda UHF spectrum Why 4...