4 - Preparation and Filing of Cases

8/19/2019 4 - Preparation and Filing of Cases

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PREPARATION AND

FILING OF CASES

ATTY. ISMAEL T. MANALIGOD

OIC, Legal Division DENR Region 2

PARALEGAL TRAINING FORFPOS, BRGY. GREEN/

BLUE BRIGADE MEMBERS


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BASIC CONCEPTS IN CRIMINAL LAW

CRIME

Is the commission or omission by a person having capacityo any act !hich is either prohibite" or compe##e" by #a!an" the commission or omission o !hich is p$nishab#e by aprocee"ing bro$ght in the name o the government !hose#a! has been vio#ate"

FELONY Crimes p$nishab#e $n"er the Revise" Pena# Co"e

OFFENSECrimes p$nishab#e $n"er specia# #a!

INFRACTION/MISDEMEANOR

Crimes p$nishab#e by an or"inance


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CRIMES MALA IN SE

Wrong by its very nat$re an" as those e#onies $n"er theRPC !ith the e%ception o some pena# provisions in specia#pena# #a!s !hich !ere he#" by the S$preme Co$rt to bema#a in se &e%' omission o voter(s name by COMELECo)cia#* p#$n"er+, Intent is an e#ement in its commission an"goo" aith is a "eense

CRIMES MALA PROHIBITA

Wrong beca$se it is prohibite" by #a!, Witho$t the #a!p$nishing the act* it cannot be consi"ere" a !rong, Merecommission o the act constit$te an o-ense an" goo" aithis not a "eense,

BASIC CONCEPTS IN CRIMINAL LAW


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MALA IN SE MALA PRO.IBITA

Nat$re Wrong by its nat$re

&RPC+

Wrong beca$se it is

prohibite" by #a!&SPL+

/oo" aith 0a#i" "eense e%ceptcrimes invo#vingneg#igence

Not a va#i" "eense

Intent E#ement Intent is immateria#

1egree oaccomp#ishment

Ta2en into acco$nt On#y


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KEY CONCEPTS IN

ARREST

SEARCH

SEIZURE

DETENTION


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ARREST

- is the t!i"# $% &e's$" i"t$ the ()st$*+ i" $'*e' tht he+ e $)"* t$ "se' %$' the ($issi$" $% " $%%e"se.

- it is *e + " (t) 'est'i"t $% &e's$" t$ e''este*, $' + his s)issi$".


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Requisites for the issuance of a warrant of arrest

- Iss)e* + the 0)*#e %te' %ii"# $% ($&i"t$' i"%$'ti$" i" ($)'t.

- Se(ti$" 1 $% A'ti(e III 2Bi $% Ri#hts3 $% thePhii&&i"e C$"stit)ti$" &'$4i*es tht 5... N$se'(h ''"t $' ''"t $% ''est sh iss)ee6(e&t )&$" &'$e ()se t$ e *ete'i"e*

&e's$"+ + the 0)*#e %te' e6i"ti$" )"*e'$th $' %%i'ti$" $% the ($&i""t "* theit"esses he + &'$*)(e, "* &'ti()'+*es('ii"# the &(e t$ e se'(he* "* &e's$"s$' thi"#s t$ e sei7e*.8


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Arrest with a warrant:

- 9he" !i"# " ''est, the $%%i(e' sh23 i"%$' the &e's$" t$ e ''este* $% the ()se $%his ''est, "*23 i"%$' hi $% the %(t tht ''"t hs ee"iss)e* %$' his ''est.

The i"%$'ti$" "ee* "$t e *e he" 23 the &e's$" %ees,23 %$'(i+ 'esists, $'2(3 he" the #i4i"# $% the i"%$'ti$" i i&e'ithe ''est.


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- The $%%i(e' "ee* "$t h4e the ''"t i"his &$ssessi$" t the tie $% the ''est.H$e4e', %te' the ''est, the ''"t sh

e sh$" t$ hi s s$$" s &'(ti(e, i%the &e's$" s$ 'e:)i'es.

- N$ 4i$e"(e $' )""e(ess'+ %$'(e sh e)se* i" !i"# " ''est. The &e's$"

''este* sh "$t e s)0e(t t$ #'ete''est'i"t th" is "e(ess'+ %$' his *ete"ti$".


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- I% the &e's$" t$ e ''este* is $' is 'es$"+eie4e* t$ e ithi" "+ )i*i"# $' e"($s)'e, the

$%%i(e' + 'e! i"t$ "+ )i*i"# $' e"($s)'e i"(se he is 'e%)se* *itt"(e %te' ""$)"(i"# his)th$'it+ "* &)'&$se. A%te' e"te'i"# the )i*i"#,he + 'e! $)t %'$ si* &(e i% "e(ess'+ t$ie'te hise% %'$ the se &(e.


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WARRANTLESS ARREST Ge"e' R)e; A ''"t is "ee*e* t$ 4i*+ e%%e(t''est.E6(e&ti$"s;

1. In flagrante exception- he", i" his &'ese"(e,the &e's$" t$ e ''este* hs ($itte*, is (t)+($itti"#, $' is tte&ti"# t$ ($it " $%%e"se.

Example: People vs. Anita Claudio (160 SCRA 646)The aused !ho !as a""#in$ a !oven %u"i& li'e plasti %a$ !hihappea"ed to ontain amote tops %oa"ded a %us %ound o" p"ovine.

*nstead o puttin$ the plasti %a$ %eside he" the aused put the plasti%a$ on the %a' seat !he"e a t"ained anti& na"otis a$ent !as seated.Sine the at o the aused !as unusual o" the t"avelle" the suspiiono the a$ent !as a"oused. +ene the a$ent inse"ted his in$e" inside the%a$ !he"e he elt anothe" plasti %a$ in the %ottom "om !hihemanated the smell o the ma"i,uana. Ri$ht ate" she $ot o the %us thea$ent a""ested the aused.


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2. Hot pursuit exception- he" " $%%e"se hs 0)st ee"($itte*, "* he hs &'$e ()se t$ eie4e se* $"&e's$" !"$e*#e $% %(ts "* (i'()st"(es tht the &e's$"t$ e ''este* hs ($itte* it.Example: People vs. -e"ente (1/ SCRA 6)The 2alen3uela polie station "eeived a "epo"t o a maulin$ inident !hih

"esulted in the death o the vitim. Ri$ht a!a# the polie oie"s !ent to the"ime. sene and ound a piee o !ood !ith %lood stains a hollo! %lo's and sti's o ma"i,uana. A !itness told the polie that the aused !as one o those!ho 'illed the vitim. Then the# p"oeeded to the house o the aused anda""ested him. The Sup"eme Cou"t "uled that %ased on thei" 'no!led$e o thei"umstanes o the death o the vitim and the "epo"t o the e#e!itness ina""estin$ the aused the oie"s had pe"sonal 'no!led$e o ats leadin$ themto %elieve that it !as the aused !as one o the pe"pet"ato"s o the "ime.


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3. Escapee exception- he" the

&e's$" t$ e ''este* is &'is$"e'

h$ hs es(&e* %'$ &e"

estishe"t $' &(e he'e he isse'4i"# %i" 0)*#e"t $' is

te&$''i+ ($"%i"e* hie his (se is

&e"*i"#, $' hs es(&e* hie ei"#

t'"s%e''e* %'$ $"e ($"%i"ee"t t$

"$the'.


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Time of maing an arrest:A" ''est + e *e $" "+ *+ "* t "+

tie $% the *+ $' "i#ht.

Rights of a person arreste! "R#A# $%&'(:


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I" the se"(e $% +e', "$ ()st$*i

i"4esti#ti$" sh e ($"*)(te* "* the

s)s&e(te* &e's$" (" $"+ e *eti"e* +

the i"4esti#ti"# $%%i(e' i" (($'*"(e ith

A't.


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Article )*+ of the Re,ise! enal .o!e2De+ i" the *ei4e'+ $% *eti"e* &e's$"s t$

the &'$&e' 0)*i(i )th$'ities3

i$ht Penalties 2< *+ t$ =@ *+s $' %i"e $% ess

th" P1@@3-


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SEAR./ES AN0 SEI12RESCONSTITUTIONAL BASIS ARTICLE III Se(ti$" 1

The 'i#ht $% the &e$&e t$ e se()'e i" thei' &e's$"s,

h$)ses, &&e's, "* e%%e(ts #i"st )"'es$"e

se'(hes "* sei7)'es $% hte4e' "t)'e "* %$' "+

&)'&$se sh e i"4i$e, "* "$ se'(h ''"t $'

''"t $% ''est sh iss)e e6(e&t )&$" &'$e

()se t$ e *ete'i"e* &e's$"+ + the 0)*#e %te'

e6i"ti$" )"*e' $th $' %%i'ti$" $% the($&i""t "* the it"esses he + &'$*)(e, "*

&'ti()'+ *es('ii"# the &(e t$ e se'(he* "*

the &e's$"s $' thi"#s t$ e sei7e*.


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Sec# &3 ar# *3 Article III

A"+ e4i*e"(e $ti"e* i" 4i$ti$" $% this $' the

&'e(e*i"# se(ti$" sh e i"*issie %$' "+ &)'&$se i"

"+ &'$(ee*i"#.

S.4E 45 R4TE.TI4N

. A4ie t$ &e's$"s i"()*i"# ie"s "* 'ti%i(i

&e's$"s

. Ri#ht is &e's$" "* + e i4e*(. Dist'i"t *i'e(te* #i"st #$4e'"e"t ts!e* ith

e"%$'(ee"t.


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E6(e&ti$" O'*e's $% ''est + e iss)e* t$ (''+ $)t

%i" %i"*i"# $% 4i$ti$" $% 2 ($"te&t, *e&$'tti$"

$'*e'3

SEAR./ WARRANT

Is " $'*e' i" 'iti"# iss)e* i" the "e $% the Pe$&e $%

the Phii&&i"es si#"e* + 0)*#e "* *i'e(te* t$ &e(e

$%%i(e', ($"*i"# hi t$ se'(h %$' &e's$" &'$&e't+

*es('ie* the'ei" "* 'i"# it e%$'e the ($)'t.

The &$e' t$ iss)e se'(h ''"ts is e6()si4e+ 4este*ith the t'i 0)*#es i" the e6e'(ise $% thei' 0)*i(i

%)"(ti$"s.


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RE62ISITES 45 A 7ALI0 WARRANT

. P'ti()'it+ $% *es('i&ti$". P(e t$ e se'(he*

. P'$&e't+ s)0e(t $% sei7)'e


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ARREST SEARCH AND SEIZURE


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Where to file application for search warrant:

Ge"e' ')e; It sh e %ie* e%$'e "+ ($)'t h$sete''it$'i 0)'is*i(ti$" ('ie s ($itte*.

E6(e&ti$"s;


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ropert8 su9ect of a search warrant:

The &'$&e't+ s)0e(t $% se'(h ''"t is

&e's$" &'$&e't+. A se'(h ''"t + e

iss)e* "$t $"+ %$' the sea"h )t s$ %$' the

sei3u"e $% the %$$i"#;

. Pe's$" &'$&e't+ s)0e(t $% the $%%e"se

. Pe's$" &'$&e't+ st$e" $' ee77e* "*

$the' &'$(ee*s, $' %')its $% the $%%e"se $',(. Pe's$" &'$&e't+ )se* $' i"te"*e* t$ e

)se* s e"s $% ($itti"# " $%%e"se.


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A se'(h ''"t sh e 4i* %$' te" 2


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;noc an! announce rule

- Bei"# 'e* ith ''"t *$es "$t 0)sti%+$)t'i#ht e"t'+ $' '#i"# i"t$ the &(e t$ e

se'(he*. A" $%%i(e' sh$)* !"$(!, i"t'$*)(e hise%

"* ""$)"(e his &)'&$se "* $"+ i" the &'ese"(e $%

it"esses

2'esi*e"ti &(e $' *ei"# $"+3


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0uties of the officer after the search an! sei


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WARRANTLESS SEAR./

• 9AIER


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• STOP AND FRISK

- Ri#ht $% &$i(e $%%i(e' t$ st$& (iti7e" i"

st'eet, i"te''$#te hi "* &t hi %$'

e&$"s he"e4e' he $se'4es )")s)($"*)(t hi(h e*s hi t$ ($"()*e tht

('ii" (ti4it+ +e %$$t.

- Se'(h "* sei7)'e )st &'e(e*e the ''est

%$' &'i"(i&e t$ &&+.

- P$i(e sh$)* i"t'$*)(e hise% "* !e

i"iti i":)i'ies


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• INCIDENTAL TO LA9FUL ARREST

- R)e


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• MOING EHICLES

- It is 0)sti%ie* $" the #'$)"* tht it is "$t&'(ti(e t$ se()'e ''"t e()se

the 4ehi(e (" e $4e* :)i(!+ $)t $% the

$(it+ $' 0)'is*i(ti$" i" hi(h the ''"t

+ e s$)#ht. It is s$ $e* %$' the

&)'&$se &'e4e"ti"# s)##i"# "* 4i$ti$"$% ii#'ti$" s *e i" $'*e's $'

($"st')(ti4e $'*e's.


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CHECKPOINT SEARCH


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• ESSELS AND AIRCRAFTS

-Res$" + e)*e ''est i% +$) *$&t

it "* see ttit)*e "* the (i'()st"(e

( %$' ie*ite 'es&$"se.


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EIDENCE IN PLAIN IE9

. Pi" 4ie 0)sti%ie* the sei7)'e $% the e4i*e"(e ith$)t %)'the'

se'(h

Pi" 4ie e6&$se* t$ si#ht. E4e" i% it is i" # $' ($"ti"e' he'ethe &(!#e &'$(is itse% it is sti ($"si*e'e* i" &i" 4ie. The

'e )st e ithi" the ie*ite ($"t'$ $% the ''este* &e's$".


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P'$t$($ i" Se'4i"# ''"t

See! &'$&e' e"t'+

I% 'e%)se*, $%%i(e' + 'e! $&e" "+ *$$'

U&$" e"t'+ i"%$' $(()&"ts $"e's $% the &)'&$se $% the se'(h "*

sh$ ($&+ $% S9

Se'(h )st e *e i" the &'ese"(e $% the %) $(()&"ts $' "+

ee' $% his %i+ $' i" the se"(e the'e$% t$ it"esses $%

s)%%i(ie"t #e $' *is('eti$" 'esi*i"# i" the se $(it+

I% ''est $% &e's$" is "e(ess'+ %$$ the &'$(e*)'e $% ''est ith$)t''"t

P'e&'e "e(ess'+ *$()e"tti$"

T)'"$4e' ()st$*+ $% &&'ehe"*e* &e's$"

Ret)'" se'(h ''"t

Fie the (se ith the $%%i(e $% the &'$se()t$'


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P'(ti( e6e'(ises

Y$)' te 'e(ei4e* i"%$'ti$" tht t')(! ith &te

")e' LE


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P'(ti( e6e'(ises

9hie ($"*)(ti"# &t'$ $&e'ti$" +$)' te &sse* + "

$&e" $t he'e +$) s st$(!&ies $% i6e* )e'. Si*$&e" $t s *0(e"t t$ 'esi*e"ti h$)se hi(h hs "$

e"($s)'e %e"(e s e. C" +$) ie*ite+ sei7e the

)e' e4e" ith$)t se'(h ''"t

I" ''"tess ''est sit)ti$" he" (" +$) ($"*)(tse'(h C" +$) ($"*)(t ''"tess se'(h e%$'e

!i"# ''"tess ''est


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PROSECUTIONOF OFFENSES


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Prosec$tion o O-enses

What is a complaint

A comp#aint is a s!orn !ritten statementcharging a person !ith an o-ense* s$bscribe" bythe o-en"e" party* any peace o)cer* or otherp$b#ic o)cer charge" !ith the enorcement othe #a! vio#ate",

What is an ino!mation

An inormation is an acc$sation in !ritingcharging a person !ith an o-ense* s$bscribe" bythe prosec$tor an" 3#e" !ith the co$rt


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De&'te"t $% E"4i'$"e"t "* Nt)' Res$)'(es

Prosec$tion o Crimina# O-enses

Complaint Ino!mation

S$bscription S!orn statement Nee" not bes!orn to

By !hom O-en"e"party4p$b#ico)cer charge"

!ith theenorcement othe #a! vio#ate"

Prosec$tor

Where 3#e" Co$rt orProsec$tor(sO)ce

A#!ays in co$rt


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Who m"st p!os#c"t# c!iminal o$#ns#s

A## crimina# actions either commence" bycomp#aint or by inormation sha## be prosec$te"$n"er the "irection an" contro# o a p$b#icprosec$tor, In case o heavy !or2 sche"$#e o thep$b#ic prosec$tor or in the event o #ac2 o p$b#icprosec$tors* the private prosec$tor may bea$thori5e" in !riting by the Chie o theProsec$tion O)ce or the Regiona# StateProsec$tor to prosec$te the case s$b6ect to theapprova# o the co$rt, Once so a$thori5e" toprosec$te the crimina# action* the privateprosec$tor sha## contin$e to prosec$te the case$p to en" o the tria# even in the absence o ap$b#ic prosec$tor* $n#ess the a$thority is revo2e"or other!ise !ith"ra!n

COMPLAINT


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COMPLAINT

2 P'$se()t$'3

FILE INFORMATION

JUDGMENT

ARRAIGNMENT AND

PLEAPRE-TRIAL

PROBABLECAUSE

TRIAL

DISMISSNO

YES


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PROSEC%TION


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PRELIMINARY IN&ESTI'ATION

IN(%EST


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S")ci#nc* o Complaint/Ino!mation

A comp#aint or inormation is s$)cient i itstates

a, the name o the acc$se"

b, the "esignation o the o-ense given bythe stat$te

c, the acts or omissions comp#aine" o as

constit$ting the o-ense", the name o the o-en"e" party

e, the appro%imate "ate o thecommission o the o-ense

, the p#ace !here the o-ense !as

committe"


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Wh#!# action instit"t#+

Place where action is to be instituted. –

&a+ S$b6ect to e%isting #a!s* the crimina# actionsha## be instit$te" an" trie" in the co$rt o them$nicipa#ity or territory !here the o-ense !ascommitte" or !here any o its essentia#ingre"ients occ$rre",

&b+ Where an o-ense is committe" in a train*aircrat* or other p$b#ic or private vehic#e in theco$rse o its trip* the crimina# action sha## beinstit$te" an" trie" in the co$rt o anym$nicipa#ity or territory !here s$ch train*aircrat* or other vehic#e passe" "$ring its trip*inc#$"ing the p#ace o its "epart$re an" arriva#


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R#,"i!#m#nts in P!#limina!*in-#sti.ation

The comp#aint sha## state the a""ress o therespon"ent an" sha## be accompanie" by thea)"avits o the comp#ainant an" his!itnesses* as !e## as other s$pporting"oc$ments to estab#ish probab#e ca$se,

7, Copies to a## respon"ents p#$s 8 or o)cia#

3#e8, A)"avits m$st be s$bscribe" an" s!orn

to beore any prosec$tor* governmento)cia# a$thori5e" to a"minister oath or inthe absence o the t!o* by a notary p$b#ic*each o !hom m$st certiy that hepersona##y e%amine" the a)ants an" that

he is satis3e" that they vo#$ntari#y


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Notes'

7, A"min procee"ings is separate an" "istinct romcrimina# procee"ings,

8, The previo$s pre"icament o co$nter s$it is not a threatanymore beca$se o the "eense o SLAPP $n"er thene! r$#e o proce"$re,

9, When in "o$bt* p#ease see2 a"vice o Lega# 1ivision4Prosec$tor(s O)ce,


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RULE ON EIDENCE

9h t i i*


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9ht is e4i*e"(e

E4i*e"(e is the e"s s"(ti$"e* + these ')es $%

s(e'ti"i"# i" 0)*i(i &'$(ee*i"# the t')th'es&e(ti"# the tte'

A*issiiit+ $% E4i*e"(e

9he" it is 'ee4"t t$ the iss)e "* is "$t e6()*e*+ $' R)es $% C$)'t

R


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Ree4"(+

M)st h4e 'eti$" t$ %(t i" iss)e s t$ i"*)(e

eie% i" its e6iste"(e $' "$"-e6iste"(e

Ki"*s

O0e(t E4i*e"(e-se"sesD$()e"t'+-'iti"#

Testi$"i- it"esses

R es $" D$( e"t' E i*e"(e


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R)es $" D$()e"t'+ E4i*e"(e

Best E4i*e"(e R)e- he" s)0e(t $% i":)i'+ is the ($"te"ts

$% *$()e"ts, $'i#i" )st e &'ese"te*

E6(e&t


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R)es $" Testi$"i E4i*e"(e

9h$ (" e it"ess

A"+$"e h$ (" &e'(ei4e, "* &e'(ei4i"# (" !e!"$" thei' &e'(e&ti$" t$ $the's

Dis:)i%i(ti$"


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=. P'i4ie#e* C$)"i(ti$"

. h)s"* "* i%e. +e'-(ie"t

(. *$(t$'-&tie"t

*. i"iste' $' &'iest- ($"%essi$"

e. &)i( $%%i(e'- &)i( i"te'est

E6&e't 9it"ess- $&i"i$" $e*



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He's+ R)e

A it"ess (" $"+ testi%+ $"+ t$ th$se %(tshi(h he !"$s $% his &e's$" !"$e*#e

R)es $" Ee(t'$"i( E4i*e"(e


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R)es $" Ee(t'$"i( E4i*e"(e

Ki"*s


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Ph$t$*$()e"tti$"


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0I1ENCE


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I1ENCE

RECOMMEN1E1 E0I1ENCE


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4 - Preparation and Filing of Cases

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Transcript of 4 - Preparation and Filing of Cases