4 orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k · Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 43 vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku vkWLVªsfy;k...

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k38

Òkx 4orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k

vkWLVªsfy;k nqfu;k ds LkcLks iqjkus ÒwÒkxksa esa Lks ,d gS-

;g nqfu;k dk NBk LkcLks cM+k ns'k gS-

Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 39Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 39

orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;kbu i`"Bksa esa vki ;g tku ik,axs fd ;g ns'k fdu ckrksa ds dkj.k ,d fof'k"V ns'k gS- vkid¨ gekjh LkaLÑfr] gekjs Á.ksrkvksa v©j gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh feysxh- orZeku fo'o esa] vkWLVªsfy;k O;kikj&O;oLkk; ds {ks= esa ,d xfr'khy Lkk>snkj v©j ,d LkEekfur fo'o ukxfjd gS- vius ns'k ds Lkrr fodkLk v©j uohdj.k esa ge u,&u, ÁokfLk;ksa ds ;¨xnku d¨ egRoiw.kZ Lke>rs gSa-

ÒwfevkWLVªsfy;k dbZ –f"V;ksa Lks vuwBk gS- nqfu;k ds Lkkr egk}hiksa esa vdsyk vkWLVªsfy;k gh gS ftLk ij cLk ,d gh ns'k dk vf/kdkj gS- Áfr oxZ fdyëhVj n¨ y¨xksa dh vkcknh ds LkkFk gekjk tuLka[;k&?kuRo nqfu;k esa LkcLks de gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k nqfu;k ds LkcLks iqjkus ÒwÒkxksa esa Lks ,d gS- ;g nqfu;k dk NBk LkcLks cM+k ns'k gS- vkcknh&cgqy Ák;}hiksa esa ;g LkcLks vf/kd 'kq"d Òh gS( vr% vkWLVªsfy;k ds vf/kdka'k Òkxksa esa ikuh ,d cgqewY; LkaLkk/ku gS-

tehu ds cgqr cM+s fgLLks esa feÍh dh xq.koŸkk fuEu fdLe dh gS- 6 Áfr'kr tehu gh Ñf"k&;¨X; gS- 'kq"d var%{ks=ksa d¨ vkmVcSd dgk tkrk gS- t¨ y¨x bu Lkqnwj ,oa dfBu tyok;q&{ks=ksa esa fuokl v©j dke djrs gSa] muds fy, gekjs eu esa cgqr vknj gS- muesa Lks cgqrsjs vkWLVªsfy;k dh nardFkkvksa ds vax cu x, gSa-

bruk fo'kky ns'k güs ds dkj.k bLk egk}hi ds vyx&vyx Òkxksa esa vyx&vyx fdLe dh tyok;q ikbZ tkrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds mŸkj esa m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= gSa r¨ e/; esa e#LFky-

v©j vf/kd nf{k.k tkus ij ioZrh; cQZ ds LkkFk tkM+s ds vR;ar Ba<s e©Lke Lks ysdj xeÊ esa yw ds FkisM+s rd rkieku esa ifjorZu ik;k tkrk gS-

N% jkT;ksa v©j n¨ eq[; ÒwÒkxh; Áns'kksa ds vykok vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dqN v©j Áns'kksa ij Hkh 'kkLku djrh gS] tSLks% vkWLVªsfy;kbZ&vaVkdZfVd Áns'k esa ,s'ke¨j ,oa dkfVZ;j }hi] fØLkeLk }hi] d¨d¨t ¼dhÇyx½ }hi] tfoZLk cs VsfjV‚jh] d¨jy Lkh }hi] gMZ }hi ,oa eSdMükYM }hiLkewg] rFkk u‚jQ‚d }hi-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k 40

LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k v©j DoÈLkySaM esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ

Q‚fLky eSey ¼thok'e Lruik;h½ LFky

nf{k.kh DoÈLkySaM ds Lkeqæ&rV Lks Lkqnwj Ýstj }hi

fo'o /kj¨gj okys LFkygekjs egk}hi ds 11 Áfr'kr Lks Òh vf/kd Òkx Lkajf{kr ns'kt ÒwÒkx gSa & os vkjf{kr ;k jk"Vªh; m|ku ftudk Lkaj{k.k dk;Z varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqLkkj fd;k tkrk gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lk=g LFky Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kS{kf.kd] oSKkfud ,oa LkkaLÑfrd LkaxBu (UNESCO) dh fo'o&/kj¨gj Lkwph esa vafdr gSa-

U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa DoÈLkySaM esa xksaMokuk

[Gondwana] ds o"kkZ ou

DoÈLkySaM dk xzsV cSfj;j jhQ

fLkMuh Lks if'pe xzsV Cyw ioZr vkWLVªsfy;kbZ&vaVkdZfVd Áns'k esa gMZ }hi ,oa

eSDM¨ukYM }hiLkewg

u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa dkdkMq [Kakadu] jk"Vªh; m|ku

U;w LkkmFk osYLk ds Lkeqæ_rV Lks Lkqnwj y‚MZ g‚os }hi

rLekfu;k Lks nf{k.k eSDok;j }hi

Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 41

osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa iU;qZyqyq [Purnululu]

jk"Vªh; m|ku

esyc‚uZ esa j‚;y ,Dthfc'ku fcÇYMx ,oa

dkyZVu xkMsZULk

osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa 'kkdZ cs

fLkMuh vkWisjk gkmLk

rLekfu;k ds chgM+

DoÈLkySaM ds vkæZ m".kdfVca/k

U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa foysUMªk dh

>hysa [Willandra Lakes]

ge vkid¨ bl ckr ds fy, Á¨RLkkfgr djrs gSa fd bu rFkk ,sLks gh vU; v˜qr LFkyksa d¨ ns[kdj vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ckjs esa vius vuqÒo d¨ foLr`r cuk,a- vki jsfxLrku ;k Lkeqæ&rV ij] ;k fQj ioZrksa ij vFkok o"kkZ&ouksa esa Hkze.k dj Lkdrs gSa- vkids }kjk mBk;k x;k gj dne vkid¨ bLk fo'kky v©j thoUr Òwfe ds v©j djhc yk nsxk-

u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa myw:&dSVk T;wVk [Uluru-Kata

Tjuta] jk"Vªh; m|ku


U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j ds ek/;e Lks i<+kbZ djrs gq, cPps

,d fo'kky ns'kvkWLVªsfy;k dh fo'kkyrk ds dkj.k dbZ u, vkfo"dkjksa& vuqLka/kkuksa d¨ cy feyk gS-

'kq#&'kq# ds fnuksa esa vkmVcSd esa jgus okys y¨xksa d¨ fudVre M‚DVj rd igqapus ds fy, dbZ&dbZ fnuksa rd ;k=k djuh iM+ tkrh Fkh- >kM+hnkj ¼cq'k½ {ks=ksa esa jgus okys vusd cPps bruh nwj jgus ds dkj.k nSfud Ldwy ugÈ tk Lkdrs Fks-

vkmVcSd esa jgus okys ifjokjksa ds fy, bLk vyxko d¨ Lkg ikuk eqf'dy g¨ x;k Fkk- cM+s&cM+s ^dSVy LVs'ku* ¼tUrq vkxkj½ vkdkj esa gtkjksa oxZ fdyëhVj ds g¨rs Fks- ogka jgus okys cPps v©j v©jrsa eghuksa rd nwLkjs y¨xksa d¨ ugÈ ns[k ikrs Fks- VsfyQü tSLks Lkk/ku ugÈ Fks v©j y¨xksa d¨ ,sLks esa cM+k gh vyx&Fkyx tSLkk] vLkqjf{kr egLkwLk gksrk Fkk-

;s ,sLkh LkeL;k,a FkÈ ftudk Lkek/kku vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa us viuh Lkw>&cw> v©j ubZ [k¨tksa Lks <wa< fudkyk-

iSMy jsfM;¨1929 esa ,fMysM ds vYÝsM VªSxj [Alfred Traegar] us ikao Lks pyus okys igys jsfM;¨ dk vfo"dkj fd;k- vius iSjksa Lks iSMy d¨ nckdj bLkdk mi;¨x djus okys y¨x n¨rjQk jsfM;¨ dk ykÒ mBk Lkdrs Fks- vdsys jgus okys x`gh] nwjLFk fe'ku LVs'ku rFkk vkfnokLkh Lkeqnk; & Lkcus bLk vkfo"dkj Lks ykÒ mBk;k- vyx&Fkyx iM+h v©jrsa vc gok dh rjaxksa ds ek/;e Lks u, fe= cuk Lkdrh FkÈ-

;g iSMy jsfM;¨ vkWLVªsfy;k dh n¨ cM+s dke dh LkaLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk esa Lkgk;d gqvk & j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk rFkk fn Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j-

j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLkekuuh; t‚u ¶yk;u [Reverend John Flynn] nwjLFk Lkeqnk;ksa esa jgdj y¨xksa ds LkkFk dke fd;k djrs Fks- mudk ;g Lk¨puk Fkk fd vkmVcSd esa t:jr iM+us ij fdLkh M‚DVj d¨ ;Fkk'kh?kz gokbZ ekxZ Lks yk;k tk Lkds- mUgsa bLk dke esa Lkjdkj] DokaVkt [Qantas] ,;jykbu ,oa y¨dïdkjh LkaLFkkvksa Lks Lkgk;rk feyh- j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk 1928 esa vkjaÒ gqbZ ijUrq nwjLFk {ks=ksa esa vÒh Òh ,sLks y¨x Fks t¨ bLk Lksok dk ykÒ ugÈ mBk Lkdrs Fks- iSMy jsfM;¨ vkjaÒ fd, tkus Lks ;g r; g¨ x;k fd ,dkdh {ks=ksa esa jgus okys y¨x Òh tYn Lks tYn M‚DVj d¨ cqyok Lkdrs Fks-

fn Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j1950 rd ,dkdh {ks=ksa esa jgus okys cPpksa d¨ ;k r¨ c¨ÇMZx Ldwy tkuk g¨rk Fkk ;k Mkd }kjk ikB iwjk djus iM+rs Fks-

LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k esa j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk ds okbLk ÁsfLkMsaV ,MysM ekbFds us egLkwLk fd;k fd ¶ykbax M‚DVj jsfM;¨ LkfoZLk ds ek/;e Lks ?kj cSBs cPpksa d¨ vius f'k{kdksa Lks ckr djus esa Òh Lkgk;rk fey Lkdrh gS- 1948 esa ,fyLk ÇLÁXLk [Alice Springs] LkfoZLk us bu nksrjQk ikB~;Øeksa dk ÁLkkj.k vkjaÒ fd;k- ,dk/k Lkky ckn fn Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j dh v©ipkfjd LFkkiuk g¨ xbZ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j us vU; ns'kksa esa Òh ,sLks gh dk;ZØe LFkkfir djus esa enn fn;k gS-

vkt mLk iqjkus iSMy jsfM;¨ dh txg Å¡ph ÝhDosaLkh okys fjLkhoj vk x, gSa] exj j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk ,oa Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j vkt Òh vkWLVªsfy;k ds nwjLFk Lkeqnk;ksa esa y¨xksa d¨ ykÒ igqapkrs vk jgs gSa-


vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpkuvkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku d¨ Lkkdkj fd;k gS gekjh vuwBh fojkLkr] gekjh LkaLÑfr rFkk gekjs y¨xksa ds m|eh LoÒko us-

vk;u Fk‚iZ [Ian Thorpe]] ikap ckj vÿfEid Lo.kZ&ind fotsrk

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ owesULk us'kuy QqVc‚y Vhe dh LknL;

[ksydwn v©j eu¨jatucgqr Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ yksx [ksydwn iLkUn djrs gSa v©j buesa ls cgqr us varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij 'kkunkj Án'kZu fd, gSa-

'kkunkj [ksyksa okys ns'k ds :i esa uke dekdj ge x©jokfUor gSa- dM+h esgur] LkkQ&LkqFkjh [ksy&Òkouk v©j VheodZ ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k ds f[kykfM+;ksa v©j ;gka dh v©jrksa dh gj txg vxzuk;d ds :i esa rkjhQ dh tkrh gS-

gekjs LkeLr bfrgkLk esa [ksydwn us vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa d¨ ,d fo'ks"krk Ánku dh gS v©j gesa ,drk ds Lkw= esa fij¨;k gS- vkckfn;ksa ds cLkus ds 'kq#vkrh Lke; Lks gh [ksydwnksa us dB¨j thou ds ;FkkFkZ Lks foJkfUr ikus dk ekxZ fn[kyk;k- yM+kbZ ds fnuksa esa Òh ;q)Òwfe ds ruko d¨ nwj djus ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk ds LknL;ksa us [ksydwn dh Áfr;¨fxrkvksa dk vk;¨tu fd;k-

[ksydwn ,d ,sLkk LkkekU; vk/kkj Òh miyC/k djkrs gSa tgka f[kykM+h v©j n'kZd nüksa gh Lo;a d¨ LkfEefyr ,oa ,d ,sLkh oLrq dk fgLLkk Lke>rs gSa t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkkekt ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds vusd y¨x Lkkewfgd [ksyksa esa fgLLkk ysrs gSa- fØdsV] ckLdsVc‚y] usVc‚y] g‚dh v©j QqVc‚y ds [ksy LkokZf/kd y¨dfÁ; [ksyksa esa 'kkfey gSa-

rSjkdh] VsfuLk] ,FkfyfVDLk] xŸQ rFkk LkkbÇDyx eu¨jatu dh y¨dfÁ; xfrfof/k;ka gSa- LkkFk gh] ;s ,sLks [ksy Òh gSa ftuesa vkWLVªsfy;k ds f[kykM+h varjkZ"Vªh; Áfr;¨fxrkvksa esa vR;qŸke gSa- vU; y¨dfÁ; 'kkjhfjd xfrfof/k;ksa esa cq'kokWÇdx] LkÇQZx rFkk Ldhbax 'kkfey gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x QqVc‚y ¼;k Lk‚dj½] jxch yhx] jxch ;qfu;u rFkk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ :YLk QqVc‚y [ksyus v©j ns[kus ds Òh 'k©dhu gSa- vkWLkht+ #YLk ,d fof'k"V vkWLVªsfy;kbZ [ksy gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ [kkLk&r©j ij fØdsV ds [ksy esa viuh varjkZ"Vªh; LkQyrkvksa ij xoZ gS- 19oÈ Lknh ds mŸkjk)Z Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ,oa bafXy'k fØdsV Vheksa esa xgu Áfr;¨fxrk pyrh vk jgh gS-

^,d ,sLkh jsLk ftLks ns[kus ds fy, ns'k Bgj tkrk gS* ds uke ls tkuk tkus okyk esyc‚uZ di nqfu;k ds LkcLks Lke`) ,oa pqu©rhiw.kZ ?kqM+n©M+ksa esa Lks ,d gS- igyk esyc‚uZ di 1877 esa vk;¨ftr fd;k x;k- rcLks ysdj uoEcj dk igyk eaxyokj & ;kfu esyc‚uZ di fnoLk & foDV¨fj;k esa ,d LkkoZtfud vodk'k dk fnu cu x;k gS-


Lkj MükYM czSMeSu [Sir Donald Bradman] (1908-2001)

Lkj MükYM czSMeSu ,d egkure fØdsV cSV~LkeSu jgs gSa v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds [ksy&txr ds LkkoZdkfyd e'kgwj gLrh

c¨jSy [Bowral]] U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa iys&c<+s MükYM czSMeSu us vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Vhe ds fy, viuk igyk fØdsV [ksy 1928 esa [ksyk-

os nqcys rks Fks] exj muds iSjksa esa xtc dh QqrÊ Fkh- 1930 esa baXySaM ds vius igys n©js ds Lke; mUgksaus cYysckth ds Ák;% LkÒh fjd‚MZ r¨M+ fn,- 21 o"kZ ds g¨rs&g¨rs os vkWLVªsfy;k dh ,d e'kgwj gLrh cu pqds Fks-

1948 esa czsMeSu ds vafre nkSjs ds le; mudh Vhe ßvTks;ß [The Invincibles] ds uke ls e'kgwj gks xÃ D;ksafd os baXySaM ds f[kykQ [ksyk x;k dksÃ Hkh eSPk ugha gkjss-

M‚u [The Don] ds uke Lks ÁfLk) Lkj MükYM czSMeSu nqfu;k ds LkoZJs"B cYysckt ekus x, gSa & mudk VsLV cSÇVx v©Lkr 99-94 Fkk-

dykvkWLVªsfy;k dk dyk&ifj–'; vR;ar thoUr gS] ftLkesa ns'k dh tutkrh; LkkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa rFkk ÁokLkh LkaLÑfr;ksa dk ,d Lke`) Lkadyu 'kkfey gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k dh –'; ,oa ÁLrqfr dykvksa dh gj fo/kk us & ftuesa fQYe] dyk] fFk,Vj] Lkaxhr ,oa u`R; bR;kfn Lkc 'kkfey gSa & ns'k&fons'k esa vikj Lkjkguk ÁkIr dh gS-

LkkfgR;vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkkfgfR;d ijEijk lq–<+ jgh gS] ftLkdh 'kq#vkr tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa ds dFkkokpu Lks gqbZ rFkk t¨ 18oÈ Lknh ds mŸkjk)Z esa vkj¨fir vijkf/k;ksa ds ;gka igqapus ij mudh e©f[kd dFkkvksa ds LkkFk tkjh jgh-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk cgqr Lkkjk vkjafÒd ys[ku cq'k {ks=ksa rFkk mLk dfBu i;kZoj.k esa thou dh dfBukb;ksa ds ckjs esa gS- gsujh y‚Lku [Henry Lawson] rFkk ekbYLk ÝSadfyu [Miles Franklin] tSLks ys[kdksa us cq'k thou rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k dh thou&'kSyh ds ckjs esa dfork,a v©j dgkfu;ka fy[kÈ gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d miU;kLkdkj] iSfVªd g~okbV [Patrick White]] d¨ 1973 esa LkkfgR; ds u¨csy iqjLdkj Lks uoktk x;k- vk/kqfud dky ds vU; y¨dfÁ; miU;kLkdkjksa esa 'kkfey gSa ihVj dSjs [Peter Carey]] d‚fyu eSD;qy‚x [Colleen McCullough] rFkk fVe foUVu [Tim Winton]-

T;qfMFk jkbV [Judith Wright] (1915-2000)

T;qfMFk jkbV ,d mYys[kuh; dof;=h] i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh ,oa vkfnokLkh vf/kdkjksa ds fy, tw>us okyh O;fä FkÈ-

os vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks pgsrs dfo;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa- viuh dforkvksa esa mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xksa ds Áfr vius Áse dk btgkj fd;k gS- mUgsa dbZ iqjLdkj ÁkIr gq, ftuesa LkkfgR; ds fy, fczVSfudk iqjLdkj rFkk dfork ds fy, DohULk xŸM esMy 'kkfey gSa- os vkWLVªsfy;u datosZ'ku dfeVh ¼vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkaj{k.k Lkfefr½ rFkk ,ckWfjftuy VªhVh dfeVh ¼vkfnokLkh LkfU/k Lkfefr½ dh ,d LknL; Òh jgÈ-

T;qfMFk jkbV d¨ ,d dof;=h ds :i esa mudh fuiq.krk] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkkfgR; ds fodkLk rFkk Lkkekftd ,oa i;kZoj.k LkEca/kh Lkq/kkj dk;¨± ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-


fFk,Vj ,oa fQYevkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukVdksa] fQYeksa ,oa fQYe&fuekZrkvksa d¨ ns'k&fons'k esa tkuk&ekuk tkrk gS- dsV CySa'ksV [Cate Blanchett] rFkk T;¨Ýh j'k [Geoffrey Rush] tSLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ vfÒusrkvksa ,oa ihVj oh;j [Peter Weir] tSLks fQYe&fuekZrkvksa us fQYeksa esa mRÑ"Vrk ds fy, dbZ varjkZ"Vªh; iqjLdkj thrs gSa-

DykvkWLVªsfy;kbZ dyk ds LkokZf/kd Lkqifjfpr dk;Z gSa tutkrh; fp= ,oa V‚e j‚cV~LkZ [Tom Roberts]] ÝsMfjd eSD;qfcu [Frederick McCubbin] ,oa vkFkZj LVªhV‚u [Arthur Streeton] tSLks fp=dkjksa ds 19oÈ Lknh ds cq'k ¼>kM+&>a[kkM+½ ifjn';- 20oÈ Lknh ds e/; esa j'ky fMªLMsy [Russell Drysdale] rFkk fLkMuh uÿSu [Sidney Nolan] tSLks dykdkjksa us izcy jaxksa esa vkmVcSd thou dh dB¨jrk dk fp=.k fd;k- gky gh esa viuh fof'k"V v©j LkqLi"V 'kSyh ds dkj.k czsV fg~oVyh [Brett Whiteley] us varjkZ"Vªh; Lkjkguk ÁkIr dh gS-

Lkaxhr ,oa u`R;vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa us Lkaxhr dh gj fo/kk d¨ vaxhÑr fd;k gS v©j muesa mRÑ"Vrk gkfLky dh gS rFkk 'kkL=h;] y¨d ,oa j‚d Lkaxhr ds {ks=ksa esa mudh ,d varjkZ"Vªh; igpku gS- vkfnokLkh y¨xksa ds Ákphu ok|;a= fMtjhMw us vÒh gky gh esa viuh O;kid igpku LFkkfir dh gS-

Lkj j‚cVZ gsYieSu [Sir Robert Helpmann]] esfjy VSadkMZ [Meryl Tankard] rFkk LVhQu ist [Stephen Page] tSLks egku urZdksa v©j d¨fj;¨xzkQjksa ds Á;kLk Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ uR; Qyk&Qwyk gS-

oSKkfud miyfC/k;ka v©j vkfo"dkjfpfdRlk] rduhdh] Ñf"k] [kuu ,oa fuekZ.k ds {ks=ksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa ds ikLk oSKkfud miyfC/k;ksa ,oa fodkLk dk ,d etcwr ys[kk&tks[kk gS-

foKku ,oa fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa fd, x, vuqLka/kkuksa ds dkj.k u© vkWLVªsfy;kbZ oSKkfudksa d¨ u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr g¨ pqdk gS-

oSKkfud miyfC/k;ka gkfLky djus okyksa d¨ ^vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ+ fn b;j ,okM~LkZ* Òh feys gSa- 2005 esa ;g ,okMZ Á¨QsLkj Qk;ük oqM [Professor Fiona Wood] d¨ fn;k x;k ftUgksaus vkx Lks >qyLk tkus okys y¨xksa ds fy, ^LÁsvkWu* Ropk dk fodkLk fd;k- 2006 esa ;g iqjLdkj Á¨QsLkj vk;u Ýstj [Professor Ian Frazer] d¨ fn;k x;k ftUgksaus xÒkZ'k; ds dSULkj ds fy, oSDLkhu ¼Vhdk½ rS;kj dh- 2007 esa ;g ,okMZ ikus okys O;fä Fks & ,d vxz.kh i;kZoj.k foKkuh Á¨QsLkj fVe ¶ySujh [Professor Tim Flannery]-

Á¨QsLkj oqM [Professor Wood] ,oa Á¨QsLkj Ýstj [Professor Frazer] nüksa gh fczVsu Lks vkWLVªsfy;k vk, Fks- Á¨QsLkj Ýstj [Professor Frazer] ds Lkg&vkfo"dkjd Fks LoxÊ; M‚- ft;ku >km [Dr Jian Zhou] t¨ phu Lks vkdj vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd cu x, Fks-

daMDVj ,oa gky gh esa ukxfjdrk ÁnÙk Oyknhehj ojfoRLdh [Vladimir Verbitsky] osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;u fLkEQuh vkWdsZLVªk ds LkkFk

Á¨QsLkj ÝsM g‚y¨t [Professor Fred Hollows] (1929- 1993)

Á¨QsLkj ÝsM g‚y¨t ,d Òkoqd us=j¨x fo'ks"kK Fks ftUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa nLk yk[k Lks Òh vf/kd y¨xksa dh –f"V okiLk ykus esa Lkgk;rk dh-

ÝsM g‚y¨t dk tUe U;wt+hySaM esa gqvk Fkk- 1965 esa os vkWLVªsfy;k vk, Fks v©j ckn esa fLkMuh ds ,d vLirky esa us= foÒkx ds foÒkxk/;{k cu x,-

mUgsa y¨xksa dh Lkekurk esa –<+ fo'okLk Fkk v©j mUgksaus ÁFke ,ckWfjftuy esfMdy LkfoZLk ¼vkfnokLkh fpfdRLkk Lksok½ dh LFkkiuk esa Lkgk;rk nh] ftudh Lka[;k iwjs vkWLVªsfy;k esa 60 gS-

1980 vkrs&vkrs fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa us= LokLF; dk;ZØeksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, g‚y¨t nqfu;k Òj dh LkSj dj jgs Fks- vÁSy 1989 esa os vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd cu x,-

Á¨QsLkj g‚y¨t ds usd dke mudh iRuh] xSch ,oa ÝsM g‚y¨t QkmaMs'ku [Fred Hollows Foundation] ds ek/;e Lks vkt Òh tkjh gSa-


vkWLVªsfy;Ul vkWQ fn b;j1960 Lks vcrd] fn vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j ,okM~LkZ Áeq[k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dh miyfC/k;ksa v©j muds ;¨xnku d¨ js[kkafdr djrs vk, gSa- bLk ,okMZ ds fy, d¨bZ Òh thou ds fdLkh Òh {ks= esa dk;Zjr O;fä d¨ ukekafdr dj Lkdrk gS- vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j os y¨x g¨rs gSa ftUgksaus vius dk;Z esa mRÑ"Vrk gkfLky dh gS v©j ns'k dh Lksok dh gS-

1995 Arthur Boyd AC OBE dykdkj

1994 Ian Kiernan OAMDyhu vi vkWLVªsfy;k vfÒ;kudrkZ

1992 Mandawuy Yunupingututkrh; usrk

1991 Archbishop Peter Hollingworth AO OBELkkekftd U;k; ds i{k/kj

1990 Professor Fred Hollows ACus= j¨x fo'ks"kK

1989 Allan Border AOVsLV fØdsV dSIVu

1988 Kay Cottee AOfjd‚MZ&czsdj Lkÿ¨ ;kV~LkoweSu

1987 John Farnhamxk;d&Lkaxhrdkj

1986 Dick SmithLkkgfLkd O;fä ,oa ekuorkoknh

1985 Paul Hogan AMvfÒusrk

1984 Lowitja O’Donoghue CBE AMtutkrh; usrk

1983 Robert de Castella MBEfo'o eSjkFku n©M+ pSfEi;u

1982 Sir Edward Williams KCMG KBEdfe'uj] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ j‚;y deh'ku vkWQ bUDok;jh bUVq MªXLk

1981 Sir John Crawford AC CBEfo'o;q) ds ckn vkWLVªsfy;k ds fodkLk ds f'kYih

1980 Manning Clark AC

bfrgkLkdkj

2009 Professor Michael Dodson AM

tutkrh; usrk

2008 Lee Kernaghan OAM

xk;d] Lkaxhrdkj rFkk îkLk fn gSV ,jkmaM* VwLkZ ds LkaLFkkid

2007 Professor Tim Flannery

oSKkfud] ys[kd ,oa i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh

2006 Professor Ian Frazer

fpfdRlh; jksx izfrjks/kd 'kfDr foKkuh

2005 Professor Fiona Wood AM

IykfLVd LktZu ,oa cULkZ fo'ks"kK

2004 Steve Waugh

VsLV fØdsV dSIVu ,oa ekuorkoknh

2003 Professor Fiona Stanley AC

f'k'kq j¨x ,oa LkaØked j¨x fo'ks"kK

2002 Patrick Rafter

;w ,Lk vïu VsfuLk pSfEi;u rFkk ^psfj'k fn fpYMªsu QkmaMs'ku* ds LkaLFkkid

2001 Lt General Peter Cosgrove AC MC

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lksuk Áeq[k 2000&2002

2000 Sir Gustav Nossal AC CBE FAA FRS

vuqla/kku tho&foKkuh

1999 Mark Taylor

VsLV fØdsV dSIVu

1998 Cathy Freeman

oYMZ ,oa v¨fyfEid ,sFkyhfVDLk pSfEi;u rFkk ns'kt jktnwr

1997 Professor Peter Doherty

fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk

1996 Doctor John Yu AM

f'k'kq j¨x fo'ks"kK


1979* Senator Neville Bonner AO

ÁFke vkfnokLkh LkhusVj

1979* Harry Butler CBE

i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh ,oa ÁÑfroknh

1978* Alan Bond

m|eh

1978* Galarrwuy Yunupingu AM

tutkrh; usrk

1977* Sir Murray Tyrrell KCVO CBE

xouZj&tujy ds vkWfQLk LksØsVjh

1977* Dame Raigh Roe DBE

daVªh oqesULk ,Lk¨fLk,'ku usrk

1976 Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AC CMG OBE

LkSU; LktZu

1975* Sir John Cornforth AC CBE

jLkk;u 'kkL= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk

1975* Major General Alan Stretton AO CBE

Lkk;Dyü VªsLkh ds ckn pyk, x, MkfoZu fjyhQ vkWijs'ku ds dekaMj

1974 Sir Bernard Heinze AC

daMDVj ,oa Lkaxhrdkj

1973 Patrick White

LkkfgR; esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk

1972 Shane Gould MBE

vÿfEid rSjkdh pSfEi;u

1971 Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO MBE

foEcyMu ,oa Ýsap vïu VsfuLk pSfEi;u

1970 His Eminence Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy KBE

vkWLVªsfy;k esa tUesa ÁFke dkfMZuy

1969 The Rt Hon Richard Gardiner Casey Baron of Berwick, Victoria and of the City of Westminister KG GCMG CH

vkWLVªsfy;k ds xouZj&tujy 1965&69

1968 Lionel Rose MBE

fo'o c‚ÇDLkx pSfEi;u

1967 The Seekers

laxhr ny

1966 Sir Jack Brabham OBE

fo'o e¨Vj jsÇLkx pSfEi;u

1965 Sir Robert Helpmann CBE

vfÒusrk] urZd] fQYe&fuekZrk ,oa d¨fj;¨xzkQj

1964 Dawn Fraser MBE

vÿfEid rSjkdh pSfEi;u

1963 Sir John Eccles AC


1962 Alexander ‘Jock’ Sturrock MBE

vesfjdk*t+ di pSysatLkZ ds fLdij

1961 Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE

xkf;dk

1960 Sir MacFarlane Burnet OM AK KBE


*1975 ,oa 1979 ds chp dSucjk vkWLVªsfy;k Ms dkSafLky us Òh ,d vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j d¨ ekU;rk nh-

,okMZ&fotsrkvksa ds uke ds vkxs fn, x, mikf/k&fooj.k ,okMZ ÁkIr djrs Lke; ds gSa-

mudh miyfC/k;ksa d¨ ns[kdj ge ;g Lk¨pus d¨ Ásfjr g¨rs gSa fd vius egku ns'k ds Áfr v©j vf/kd ;¨xnku nsus ds fy, ge D;k dqN dj Lkdrs gSa- vc t¨ ,okM~LkZ fn, tk jgs gSa] muesa ;ax vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j] Lkhfu;j vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨dy ghj¨ tSLks iqjLdkj Òh 'kkfey gSa-


vkWLVªsfy;k dh eqæk gekjh eqæk ij ,sLks y¨x ,oa Árhd&fpg~u fpf=r fd, x, gSa t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ jgs gSa- gekjh eqæk ij n'kkZ, tkus ds fy, ftu gfLr;ksa d¨ pquk x;k gS] os ,sLks y¨x gSa ftUgksaus Lkekt&Lkq/kkj] foKku] jktuhfr] LkSU; miyfC/k;ksa ,oa dyk vkfn ds {ks=ksa esa ubZ Lkw>&cw> v©j ÁfrÒk dk ifjp; fn;k gS-

Queen Elizabeth II ¼tUe% 1926½iqjkuk ,oa u;k LkaLkn Òou

egkjkuh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; (Queen Elizabeth II) vkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"Vªk/;{k gSa- os vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk ;qukbVsM ÇdXMe dh egkjkuh gSa rFkk baXySaM esa jgrh gSa- vius nh?kZ ,oa y¨dfÁ; 'kkLku&dky ds n©jku mudh mifLFkfr Lks gesa 'kfä v©j fLFkjrk ÁkIr gqbZ gS-

$5 ds u¨V ij dSucjk ds iqjkus v©j u, nüksa gh LkaLkn Òou n'kkZ, x, gSa-

Dame Mary Gilmore (1865-1962)

Mse esjh fxye¨j (Dame Mary Gilmore) ,d ysf[kdk] i=dkj] dof;=h rFkk Lkekt&Lkq/kkjd FkÈ- mUgsa muds ys[ku rFkk efgykvksa] vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨xksa ,oa xjhcksa ds i{k/kj ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-

AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson ¼1864-1941½

,saMªw ckVZu iSVjLku (Andrew Barton Paterson) ,d dfo] xhrdkj v©j i=dkj Fks- mUgksaus ^cSat¨* iSVjLku miuke Lks fy[kk rFkk mUgsa vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks y¨dfÁ; y¨dxhr ôkÇYV~t+x eSfVYMk* ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-

Reverend John Flynn (1880-1951)

vknj.kh; t‚u f¶yu (Reverend John Flynn) us nqfu;k dh igyh gokbZ fpfdRLkk&Lksok vkjaÒ dh & vkWLVªsfy;k dh ^fn j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk*& vkWLVªsfy;k ds nwjLFk {ks=ksa esa fpfdRLkk&Lksok miyC/k djk ds vusd y¨xksa dh thou&j{kk djus ds dkj.k os Lej.kh; g¨ x, gSa-

Mary Reibey (1777-1855)

esjh jsch (Mary Reibey) U;w LkkmFk osYLk d‚yüh esa O;oLkk; LFkkfir djus okyh igyh efgyk FkÈ- ,d uo;qorh vkjïh ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k vkus ds ckn og Lkeqnk; dh ,d Áfrf"Br usrk cu xbZ-


David Unaipon (1872-1967)

MsfoM ;quSi‚u (David Unaipon) ,d ys[kd] y¨doäk v©j vkfo"dkjd Fks- mUgsa foKku v©j LkkfgR; ds {ks= esa muds ;¨xnkuksa ,oa vkfnokLkh y¨xksa dh fLFkfr Lkq/kkjus ds fy, fd, x, Á;kLkksa ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-

Edith Cowan (1861-1932)

,fMFk d‚osu (Edith Cowan) ,d Lkkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] jktusrk v©j efgykoknh FkÈ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds fdLkh Òh LkaLkn esa pquh tkus okyh o¨ igyh efgyk FkÈ-

Sir John Monash (1865-1931)

Lkj t‚u e¨uS'k (Sir John Monash) ,d bathfu;j] Á'kkLkd ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k ds egkure LkSU; dekaMjksa esa Lks ,d Fks- mUgsa mudh usr`Ro&{kerk] cqf)eŸkk v©j okd&dq'kyrk ds fy, Lej.k fd;k tkrk gS-

Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931)

Mse usyh esYck (Dame Nellie Melba) ,d fo'o&ÁfLk) LkÁku¨ ¼,d Ádkj dh xkf;dk½ FkÈ- nqfu;k Òj esa ^xhrksa dh efydk* ds uke Lks fo[;kr o¨ varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr ÁkIr djus okys igyh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkf;dk FkÈ-


jk"Vªh; fnoLk ,oa Lkekj¨gvkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; vodk'k&fnoLk gekjh twMkbZ&fØf'p;u fojkLkr dh >yd fn[kkrs gSa- os ehy ds iRFkj Lkkfcr gqbZ mu ?kVukvksa ds mRLko&:i gSa ftUgksaus ;wjïh; vkcknh ds cLkus ds ckn Lks vkWLVªsfy;k dh :i&js[kk r; dh gS-

uoo"kZ ds voLkj ij fLkMuh gkcZj ij vkfr'kckth 2005

fu/kkZfjr frfFk;ka

uoo"kZ & 1 tuojhu, o"kZ ds vkjaÒ dk mRLko

vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk & 26 tuojhge vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa viuh igpku dk mRLko eukrs gSa v©j 1788 esa fLkMuh dkso esa QLVZ ¶yhV ds vkxeu dh ;kn djrs gSa-

,sut+d fnoLk & 25 vÁSyÁFke fo'o;q) ds n©jku ge xSfyiÿh esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ,oa U;wt+hySaM ds LkSU; nyksa ds vkxeu dh ?kVuk ;kn djrs gSa- ge mu reke vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ ;kn djrs gSa t¨ Lksok djrs gq, ;q) esa 'kghn gks x,-

fØLkeLk fnoLk & 25 fnLkEcjbZLkk eLkhg ds tUe&fnoLk ij migkjksa ds vknku&Ánku dk bZLkkbZ Lkekj¨g

c‚ÇDLkx Ms & 26 fnLkEcjfØLkeLk&mRLko dk gh ,d vax

ifjorZuh; frfFk;ka

etnwj fnoLk ;k ,V vkoj Msnqfu;k esa igyh ckj vkWLVªsfy;k ds Jfedksa }kjk dke ds vkB ?kaVs r; djkus esa LkQyrk ikus dk mRLko

bZLVjbZLkk eLkhg dh e`R;q v©j iquftZfor gksus dh ?kVuk dh ;kn esa bZLkkbZ mRLko

egkjkuh dk tUefnuvkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"Vªk/;{k egkjkuh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; dk tUe¨RLko- osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ N¨M+dj ckdh LkÒh jkT;ksa v©j Áns'kksa esa ;g mRLko twu ekg ds nwLkjs Lkëokj d¨ euk;k tkrk gS-

vU; LkkoZtfud vodk'kvU; LkkoZtfud vodk'k vyx&vyx jkT;ksa] Áns'kksa v©j 'kgjksa esa euk, tkrs gSa- mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jkt/kkuh {ks= esa dSucjk fnoLk euk;k tkrk gS] LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k esa o‚yafV;LkZ Ms rFkk osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa QkmaMs'ku Ms-


vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xvkWLVªsfy;k dh dqy tuLka[;k yxÒx 22 fefy;u ¼n¨ dj¨M+ chLk yk[k½ gS v©j ;g nqfu;k ds vR;ar fofo/krkiw.kZ Lkektksa esa Lks ,d gS- dqy tuLka[;k esa tutkrh; y¨xksa dk Áfr'kr 2.5 gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d p©FkkbZ Lks Òh vf/kd fuokfLk;ksa dk tUe fons'kksa esa gqvk Fkk v©j os 200 Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa Lks ;gka vk, gSa- tuLka[;k dh bLk fofo/krk ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k esa fofo/k Ádkj dh Òk"kk,a] fo'okLk] ijEijk,a v©j LkaLÑfr;ka e©twn gSa-

gkykafd xzsV fczVsu ds LkkFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©ipkfjd LkfU/k;ka dkyØe esa ?kVrh pyh xbZ gSa exj vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLFkkvksa esa xzsV fczVsu dk ÁÒko vÒh Òh ckdh gS- ;g ÁÒko gekjs vusd ewY;ksa v©j gekjh jk"VªÒk"kk esa thfor gS- gkykafd ?kjksa v©j Lkeqnk;ksa esa 200 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kk,a ¼vusd tutkrh; Òk"kkvksa Lkfgr½ c¨yh tkrh gSa] fdUrq vaxzsth gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk vFkZra=vkWLVªsfy;k dk vFkZra= LFkk;h v©j ÁfrLi/khZ gS- ge vius thoUr rFkk fuiq.k dkexkjksa dk ewY; Lke>rs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa dh thou&'kSyh dh xq.koÙkk nqfu;k dh mRÑ"V thou&'kSfy;ksa esa Lks gS-

Dick Smith ¼tUe % 1944½

fMd fLeFk (Dick Smith) ,d Áeq[k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ O;oLkk;h] LkkgfLkd O;fä ,oa ekuork Áseh gSa-

fMd fLeFk us LkcLks igys bysDVkWªfuDLk ds O;oLkk; esa viuh fdLer vktekbZ- mUgksaus viuh LkEifŸk dk mi;¨x vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ m™kr cukus ds fy, fd;k- mUgksaus ,d ^dsoy vkWLVªsfy;kbZ* [kk| dEiuh vkjaÒ dh v©j bu dEifu;ksa ds LokfeRo dks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ O;fDr;ksa ds fy, vkjf{kr j[ks jgus ds fy, yk[kksa M‚yj dk fuos'k fd;k-

1986 esa mUgsa ^vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j* dh mikf/k Lks iqjLd`r fd;k x;k v©j mUgksaus rduhdh Á¨™kfr rFkk i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.k ds fy, Òh ,d iqjLdkj thrk- xeZ gok ds cSywu ds Lkgkjs vkWLVªsfy;k v©j rLeku Lkeqæ ikj djus okys os igys O;fä Fks- os viuh LkkgLk] O;koLkkf;d LkQyrk v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds Áfr xgu Áse ds dkj.k fo[;kr gSa-

Ckkt+kjvkWLVªsfy;k dh LFkk;h ,oa vk/kqfud foŸkh; LkaLFkk,a rFkk dj ,oa O;kikj LkEca/kh dB¨j fu;eksa ds dkj.k O;oLkk; d¨ ,d lqfuf'prrk ÁkIr g¨rh gS- Lksok m|¨x] ftLkds varxZr i;ZVu] f'k{kk ,oa foŸkh; Lksok,a vkrh gSa] vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkdy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) dk yxÒx 70 Áfr'kr gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh vkfFkZd fLFkjrk bLks fuos'k ds fy, ,d vkd"kZd txg cuk nsrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k dk LV‚d ekdsZV ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr {ks= esa tkiku ds ckn nwLkjk LkcLks cM+k ekdsZV gS-

O;kikjvkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks cM+s O;kikfjd Lkk>snkjksa esa tkiku] phu] vesfjdk] nf{k.kh d¨fj;k] U;wt+hySaM ,oa ;qukbVsM ÇdxMe gSa- ge xsgw¡a] Åu] y©g v;Ld] [kfut ,oa Lk¨us ds ,d cM+s fu;kZrd gSa- LkkFk gh] rjy ÁkÑfrd xSLk ,oa d¨;ys ds :i esa ge ÅtkZ dk fu;kZr Òh djrs gSa- gekjh ,d eqä vFkZ&O;oLFkk gS rFkk O;kikj gekjh vkfFkZd Lke`f) dk ,d vfr egRoiw.kZ vax jgk gS- gky gh esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk dqy fu;kZr $200 fcfy;u Lks Òh vf/kd jgk-

[kuuvkWLVªsfy;k d¨;yk] rkack] rjy ÁkÑfrd xSLk rFkk feujy LkSaM~Lk tSLks ÁkÑfrd LkaLkk/kuksa Lks Lke`) gS- [kkLk&r©j ij ,f'k;k ds fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa budh Òkjh ekax gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks cM+s fu;kZr LksDVjksa esa gSa [kfut ,oa b±/ku-


vkWLVªsfy;k ,d fo'o ukxfjd ds :i esa,d vPNs varjkZ"Vªh; ukxfjd ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ viuh Òwfedk ij xoZ gS- bLkdh >yd ge nqfu;k&Òj ds ,sLks ns'kksa dh enn djds fn[kkrs gSa t¨ geLks de [kq'kfdLer gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k }kjk nh tkus okyh varjkZ"Vªh;

Lkgk;rk,a ,oa ekuorkoknh Á;kLkvkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj dk varjkZ"Vªh; Lkgk;rk dk;ZØe xjhch de djus ,oa fpjLFkk;h fodkLk ÁkIr djus esa fodkLk'khy ns'kksa dh enn djrk gS- ;g Lkgk;rk ge vius {ks= rFkk nqfu;k&Òj esa y¨xksa v©j Lkjdkjksa dh enn djds miyC/k djkrs gSa-

tc dÒh gekjs vius ns'k ;k ckgj ds eqYdksa esa LkadV dh ?kM+h vkrh gS] rks vkWLVªsfy;k vikj mnkjrk iznf'kZr djrk gS- ge ,sLks ns'kksa d¨ Òh fujUrj vkfFkZd vuqnku nsrs jgrs gSa t¨ yxkrkj eqLkhcr Lks f?kjs jgrs gSa- gekjs Lkgk;rk dk;ZØe ds Áfr vkWLVªsfy;k dh ;g Áfrc)rk vkWLVªsfy;k ds pfj= dh ;g fo'ks"krk >ydkrh gS-

Dr Catherine Hamlin AC ¼tUe % 1924½

M‚- dSFkjhu gSeyhu (Dr Catherine Hamlin) ,d L=h&j¨x fo'ks"kK gSa ftUgsa bFk¨fi;k dh v©jrksa d¨ ;kruk Òjs thou Lks eqä djus ds dkj.k 'k¨gjr feyh gS-

1959 Lks dSFkjhu gSeyhu bFk¨fi;k ds ,ÏhLk vckck esa dk;Zjr jgh gSa tgka mUgksaus ^vkWCLVsfVªd fQLP;qyk* uked ÁLkodkyhu {kfr Lks futkr ikus esa efgykvksa dh Lkgk;rk dh gS- bLk LkeL;k Lks xzLr v©jrsa vius 'kkjhfjd Ádk;¨± ij fu;a=.k ugÈ j[k LkdrÈ gSa v©j bLk dkj.k mUgsa Lkekt Lks cfg"Ñr dj fn;k tkrk gS-

dSFkjhu v©j mLkds ifr us ,ÏhLk vckck fQLP;qyk g‚LihVy LFkkfir fd;k- muds Á;kLkksa dk ifj.kke ;g jgk fd gtkjksa v©jrsa vius&vius ?kj&xkao y©Vdj iw.kZ LoLFk thou thus esa Lk{ke gqbZ gSa-

1995 esa M‚- dSFkjhu gSeyhu d¨ ^dEisfu;u vkWQ fn vkWMZj vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k* cuk;k x;k t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lko¨ZPp iqjLdkj gS- os vkt Òh bFk¨fi;k dh efgykvksa ds fy, dke dj jgh gSa-

2004 esa fgUn egkLkkxj Lkqukeh ds ckn baM¨usf'k;k esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk jkgr dk;Z

varjkZ"Vªh; Q¨jeksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkfØ;

Òkxhnkjh1945 esa Lka;qä jk"Vª Lka?k (UN) ds vkjaÒ Lks gh vkWLVªsfy;k bLkdk ,d LkfØ; LknL; jgk gS- 1951 ds Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kj.kkFkÊ vf/kos'ku (UN Refugee Convention) ds rgr vkWLVªsfy;k mu y¨xksa d¨ Lkaj{k.k Ánku djrk vk;k gS ftudh igpku 1951 ds Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kj.kkFkÊ vf/kos'ku esa 'kj.kkFkÊ ds :i esa dh xbZ Fkh- ge fodkLk'khy ns'kksa ds fy, Lka;qä jk"Vª ds 'kkafr Á;kLkksa ,oa ekuorkoknh rFkk vkikRkdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa esa Òh ;¨xnku nsrs gSa- Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kS{kf.kd] oSKkfud rFkk LkkaLÑfrd LkaxBu (UNESCO) esa Òh gekjh LkfØ; Òkxhnkjh gS-

1971 esa vkWLVªsfy;k vkfFkZd Lkg;¨x ,oa fodkLk LkaxBu (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD) dk ,d iw.kZ LknL; cu x;k- OECD vius 30 LknL; ns'kksa rFkk vU; fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa vkfFkZd] Lkkekftd ,oa j¨txkj LkEca/kh n'kkvksa d¨ Lkq/kkjus dk y{; j[krk gS- LkkFk gh] OECD dk y{; fo'o O;kikj dk foLrkj djuk Òh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr {ks= esa ?kfu"B Lkg;¨x dk Ácy LkeFkZd gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr vkfFkZd Lkg;¨x (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - APEC)] vkfl;ku {ks=h; eap (ASEAN Regional Forum – ARF) rFkk Á'kkUr }hiLkewg eap (Pacific Islands Forum – PIF) dk LkfØ; LknL; gS-

vkt dk vkWLVªsfy;k ,d fo'kky v©j fodkLkeku ns'k gS ftLks [ksydwn] dyk v©j foKku ds {ks= esa viuh miyfC/k;ksa ij xoZ gS- ge vius y¨xksa dh thou&'kSyh dh xq.koŸkk d¨ ewY;oku ekurs gSa] ysfdu gekjk y{; vÒh v©j Åapk gS-

varjkZ"Vªh; Lkgk;rk ,oa fodkLk Lkg;¨x ds dk;ZØeksa ds tfj;s vkWLVªsfy;k viuh fu"i{krk dh Òkouk [ksydwn ds eSnkuksa Lks Òh vkxs varjkZ"Vªh; Lkeqnk; rd ys x;k gS-


vkWLVªsfy;k ds u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk

vkWLVªsfy;k oSKkfud ,oa fpfdRlh; vuqla/kku ds fy, ÁfLk) jgk gS- bu {ks=ksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds nl y¨xksa d¨ u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr g¨ pqdk gS-

Á¨QsLkj fofy;e czSx [Professor William Bragg] ¼1862-1942½ ,oa y‚jsULk czSx [Lawrence Bragg] ¼1890-1971½ Ò©frd foKkuh- fofy;e czSx ¼firk½ ,oa y‚jsULk czSx ¼iq=½ d¨ ^^,DLk&fdj.kksa ds ek/;e Lks LQfVd Lkajpuk ds fo'ys"k.k dh fn'kk esa mudh Lksokvksa ds fy,** Lka;qä :i Lks 1915 esa Ò©frd 'kkL= dk u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-

Lkj g‚okMZ okYVj ¶y¨jh [Sir Howard Walter Florey] ¼1898-1968½ iSFkÿ‚ftLV- ,sfMysM] LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k] esa tUes g‚okMZ ¶y¨jh us ^îsfULkfyu ,oa vusd LkaØked j¨xksa esa bLkds vkj¨X;dkjh ÁÒko dh [k¨t ds fy,** 1945 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr fd;k-

Lkj ÝSad eSdQkysZu cusZV [Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet] ¼1899-1985½ fpfdRLkk oSKkfud ,oa tho'kkL=h- foDV¨fj;k esa tUesa ÝSad cusZV d¨ ^^vftZr j¨x&Áfrj¨/kd Lkgu'khyrk dh [k¨t ds fy,** 1960 esa 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-

Lkj t‚u dS;wZ ,DdYLk [Sir John Carew Eccles] ¼1903-1997½ 'kkjhfjdh foKkuh- t‚u ,DdYLk dk tUe esYc‚uZ esa gqvk Fkk rFkk mUgsa 1963 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ ^^Luk;q&d¨f'kdk f>Yyh ds ifjo`Ÿkh; ,oa e/; Òkxksa ds mŸ¨tu ,oa Lkadqpu esa fufgr vk;fud dk;Z&iz.kkyh Lks LkEcaf/kr [k¨tksa ds fy,** 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk esa u¨csy iqjLdkj Ánku fd;k x;k-

Á¨QsLkj t‚u okdZi d‚uZQ¨FkZ [Professor John Warcup Cornforth] ¼1917-2007½ dsfeLV- t‚u d‚uZQ¨FkZ fLkMuh esa iSnk gq, Fks v©j mUgsa 1975 esa jLkk;u 'kkL= esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ ^^,Utkbe&mRÁsfjr ÁfrfØ;kvksa dh LVhfj;¨dsfeLVªh fo"k; ij muds dk;Z ds fy,** u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr gqvk-

Á¨QsLkj ihVj M¨gVÊ [Professor Peter Doherty] ¼tUe % 1940½ j¨xÁfrj¨/k foKkuh ihVj M¨gVÊ dk tUe DoÈLkySaM esa gqvk Fkk v©j mUgsa ^^d¨f'kdk&ek/;fer bE;wu Áfrj{kk dh fof'k"Vrk Lks LkEcaf/kr [k¨tksa ds fy,** 1996 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-

Á¨QsLkj cSjh ek'kZy [Professor Barry Marshall] ¼tUe% 1951½ vka=&j¨x foKkuh ,oa M‚DVj j‚fcu okjsu [Doctor Robin Warren] ¼tUe% 1937½ iSFkÿ‚ftLV- ^^cSDVhfj;e gsfyd¨cSDVj ikby¨jh rFkk xSLVªkbfVLk ,oa isfIVd vYLkj j¨xksa esa bLkdh Òwfedk** dh [k¨t ds fy, 2005 esa cSjh ek'kZy ,oa j‚fcu okjsu 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds fy, u¨csy iqjLdkj ds Lka;qä fotsrk cus-

çksQslj ,fyt+kcsFk gsyu CySdcuZ [Professor Elizabeth Helen Blackburn] ¼tUe 1948½ thofoKkuh- ,fyt+kcsFk CySdcuZ dk tUe gkscVZ esa gqvk Fkk vkSj mUgsa 'kjhj foKku ;k fpfdRlk esa ¼la;qä :i ls½ *xq.klw= VsykselZ vkSj ,atkbe Vsyksfejst }kjk dSls lajf{kr gksrs gSa* dh [kkst ds fy, 2009 esa ukscsy iqjLdkj feyk Fkk-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds [kkrs esa LkkfgR; ds fy, Òh ,d u¨csy iqjLdkj ntZ gS-

iSfVªd g~okbV [Patrick White] ¼1912-1990½ miU;kLkdkj ,oa ukVddkj- yUnu esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ekrk&firk ds ?kj tUesa iSfVªd g~okbV d¨ 1973 esa ^^LkkfgR; esa ,d u, egk}hi ij Ádk'k Mkyus okyh ,d egkdFkk ,oa euöSKkfud okpukRed dyk ds fy, LkkfgR; dk u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-


Òkx 5gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkk

vkWLVªsfy;k dh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k esa vuojr tkjh Ákphure LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa-

Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kÃ xkFkk 55

gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkkvkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkaf{kIr bfrgkLk d¨ fdLkh Òh rjg Lks bLkdh LkEiw.kZ xkFkk ugÈ dgk tk Lkdrk gS] ijUrq bLkLks vkid¨ mu ?kVukØeksa dk FkksM+k lk Lokn fey tk,xk ftuLks gekjs ns'k v©j gekjh LkaLÑfr dh :i&js[kk r; gqbZ gS- gtkjksa o"k¨± rd bLk ÒwÒkx ij tutkrh; y¨x jgrs v©j bLkdh ns[kÒky djrs vk, gSa- 1788 esa QLVZ ¶yhV ¼igyk csM+k½ ds vkrs gh mudk ifj–'; gh cny x;k- foxr 200 Lks Òh vf/kd o"k¨± esa cgqLkaLÑfrokn ,oa esy&feyki ds iFk ij pyrs gq, vkWLVªsfy;k Lkekurk ,oa ekuokf/kdkj ds ckjs esa dbZ ckrsa Lkh[k pqdk gS- geus t¨ Lkq/kkj&dk;Z fd, gSa] mudk vFkZ ;g gS fd vc vki ftLk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; esa 'kkfey güs tk jgs gSa og ,d ,sLkk Lkeqnk; gS ftLkesa gj O;fä Lo;a d¨ lfEefyr v©j ewY;oku Lke>rk gS-

tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;koklhvkWLVªsfy;k dh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k esa vuojr tkjh Ákphure LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ;s tutkrh; y¨x 40 000 Lks 60 000 o"k¨± rd ;gka jgrs vk, gSa-

vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh LkaLÑfr;ka ,d&nwLkjs Lks fÒ™k gSa- mu nüksa dh viuh&viuh Òk"kk,a v©j ijEijk,a gSa-

,sfrgkfLkd :i Lks vkfnokLkh y¨x eq[;Òwfe vkWLVªsfy;k v©j rLekfu;k Lks gSa- V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh DoÈLkySaM ds ,d N¨j v©j ikiqvk U;w fxuh ds chp ds ÒwÒkx Lks vk, gSa- V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokfLk;ksa rFkk ikiqvk U;w fxuh ,oa vU; Á'kkUr egkLkkxjh; }hiksa ds y¨xksa dh LkaLÑfr;ksa esa dbZ Lkekurk,a gSa-

Òk"kk,afczfV'k y¨xksa ds cLkus Lks igys vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨xksa }kjk 700 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kkvksa ,oa c¨fy;ksa dk Á;¨x fd;k tkrk Fkk- buesa Lks 145 Òk"kk,a r¨ vÒh Òh cÿh tkrh gSa- d¨bZ fyf[kr Òk"kk ugÈ Fkh- tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ksa dk e©f[kd bfrgkLk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd muLks ge y¨xksa v©j bLk /kjrh dh dgkuh tku ikrs gSa- mnkgj.k ds fy,] foDV¨fj;k esa i¨VZ fQfyi cs [Port Phillip Bay] ¼[kkM+h½ esa ck<+ vkus dk o.kZu djus okyh tSLkh dgkfu;ka t¨fd 10 000 o"kZ igys ?kfVr okLrfod ?kVuk dh v¨j Lkadsr nsrh gSa-

LoIu ,oa tutkrh; dyk,aviuh Òk"kk esa ge ftLks ^LoIu ns[kuk* dgrs gSa] mLks vusd tutkrh; oa'kksa esa vyx&vyx uke fn, x, gSa- LoIu ns[kuk ;k LoIu&dky tutkrh; thou d¨ ekxZn'kZu nsus okyh Kku] vkLFkk v©j vH;kLk dh Á.kkyh gS- bLkLks y¨xksa d¨ ;g irk pyrk gS fd mUgsa dSLks thou ;kiu vkSj O;ogkj djuk pkfg,- t¨ y¨x bu fu;eksa dk ikyu ugÈ djrs gSa] mUgsa nafMr fd;k tkrk gS-

LoIu ns[kus Lks LkEcaf/kr dgkfu;ka cPpksa d¨ muds ekrk&firk v©j cM+s&cw<+ksa us LkqukbZ- bu dgkfu;ksa Lks cPpksa d¨ ;g irk pyk fd mudh /kjrh dk :ikdkj dSLks r; gqvk v©j dSLks y¨x vkdj cLks] o dSLks v©j D;ksa O;ogkj fd;k tk,- bu dgkfu;ksa us cPpksa d¨ vueÿ O;kogkfjd f'k{kk,a Òh Ánku dÈ] mnkgj.k ds fy,] Ò¨tu dh ryk'k dgka dh tk,-

tutkrh; Lkaxhr] xhr ,oa u`R; LoIu&n'kZu ,oa nSfud thou dh dgkfu;ka Lkqukrs gSa- tc tutkrh; y¨x ukprs&xkrs gSa] r¨ os vius iwoZtksa ds lkFk ,d xgu LkEca/k dk vgLkkLk djrs gSa-

vkfnokLkh dyk vius ewy Lo:i esa iRFkj ij mdsjs x, fp= ;k isÇUVx rFkk tehu ij cukbZ xbZ vojpjkvksa tSLkh Fkh- buesa Lks dqN r¨ 30 000 Lkky iqjkus gSa- e/; vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x LoIu&dky dh Hkwfe vkSj dgkfu;ksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djus okys fcUnqvksa v©j o`Ÿkksa ls fp= cukrs Fks- vkWLVªsfy;k ds mŸkjh fgLLks esa jgus okys y¨x euq";ksa] tkuojksa v©j vkRekvksa d¨ vius fp=ksa ds fo"k; cukrs Fks-

vkt Òh tutkrh; y¨xksa ds fy, LoIu ns[kuk ,d egRoiw.kZ ckr gS-

dSdkMq vkfnokLkh dyk


vkWLVªsfy;k vkus okys igys ;wjïh; y¨x

vkjafÒd ;wjïh; [k¨t17oÈ Lknh esa ;wjksih vUos"kdksa us og HkwHkkx <wa<+ fudkyk ftLks mUgksaus ^Vsjk vkWLVªSfyLk bUd‚fXuVk* dk uke fn;k Fkk & ;kfu dh nf{k.k dh vKkr /kjrh- 1606 esa foyse tSULktwu [Willem Janszoon] uked ,d Mp O;fä us vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkqnwj mŸkj esa dsi ;‚dZ Ák;}hi [Cape York Peninsula] ds if'peh Òkx dk uD'kk rS;kj fd;k- mLkh Lke; iqrZxky dk ukfod yqbZ ost fM V‚jLk [Luis Vaez de Torres] ds usrRo esa ,d Lisuh TkgkTk egk}hi ds mŸkj esa [kkM+h dh ;k=k ij pyk-

ckn esa 1600 esa Mp ukfodksa us osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkeqæ&rV dk irk yxk fy;k- bLk txg d¨ mUgksaus Û;w g‚ySaM* dk uke fn;k-

1642 esa ,cy rLeku [Abel Tasman] us ,d ubZ txg dk Lkeqæ&rV <wa<+k ftLks mLkus ôSu Mk;esULk ySaM* ¼vc rLekfu;k½ dgk- mLkus vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqæ&rV ds gtkjksa ehy rd dk ekufp= Hkh cuk;k- U;w g‚ySaM dk mLkdk v/kwjk uD'kk ;g n'kkZrk gS fd mLks 'kk;n yxrk Fkk fd ;g /kjrh mŸkj esa ikiqvk U;w fxuh Lks tqM+h gqbZ gS-

fofy;e MSfEi;j [William Dampier] vkWLVªsfy;k dh /kjrh ij dne j[kus okyk igyk vaxzst O;fä Fkk- 1684 esa og if'pe¨Ÿkj rV ij mrjk- tehu 'kq"d v©j /kwyksa Lks Òjh Fkh] bLkfy, mLkus bLks O;kikj ;k vkcknh ds ;¨X; ugÈ Lke>k-

dSIVu tsELk dqd [Captain James Cook]^,UMsoj* uked tgkt esa ;k=k djus okys vaxzst tsELk dqd ds 1770 esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds iwoÊ rV ij igqapus ls igys mLk fgLLks ds ckjs esa fdLkh d¨ tkudkjh gh ugÈ Fkh- dqd d¨ fczfV'k Lkjdkj us nf{k.kh Á'kkUr dh ,d [k¨t&;k=k ij Òstk Fkk- mLkus iwoÊ rV dk uD'kk [kÈpk v©j og vk/kqfud fLkMuh ds Bhd nf{k.k] c‚Vuh cs [Botany Bay] ij mrjk- tsELk dqd us bLk txg d¨ Û;w LkkmFk osYLk* dgk v©j mLkij Çdx t‚tZ rrh; [King George III] dk nkok Bksad fn;k-

vkj¨fi;ksa dk ifjoguvkWLVªsfy;k bLk ckr d¨ ysdj vuwBk gS fd ;wjï Lks vkdj igys&igy ;gka cLkus okys T;knkrj y¨x vkj¨fir ¼vijk/kh½ Fks- vesfjdk }kjk Lok/khurk gkfLky dj fy, tkus ds ckn xzsV fczVsu vius vijkf/k;ksa d¨ ogka ugÈ Òst Lkdrk Fkk- fczfV'k tsysa BLkkBLk Òjh gqbZ FkÈ- tc vkj¨fi;ksa dh Lka[;k gn Lks ckgj g¨ xbZ] r¨ fczfV'k Lkjdkj d¨ muds fy, ubZ txg ryk'kuh iM+ xbZ- 1786 esa xzsV fczVsu us bu vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ U;w LkkmFk osYLk ds u, mifuos'k ¼d‚yüh½ esa Òstuk r; fd;k- bLk dk;Z d¨ îfjogu* dgk x;k-

ÁFke mifuos'kU;w LkkmFk osYLk mifuos'k ds ÁFke xouZj&tujy dSIVu vkFkZj fQfyi [Captain Arthur Phillip] Fks- os 11 tgktksa dk igyk csM+k nqfu;k ds bLk nwLkjs düs esa LkQyrkiwoZd ys vk,- bu vkj¨fi;ksa ds [kku&iku v©j mUgsa Òyk&paxk j[kus ij mUgksaus [kwc /;ku fn;k v©j ;k=k ds n©jku cgqr gh de vkj¨fi;ksa dh eR;q gqbZ-

26 tuojh 1788 d¨ dSIVu fQfyi bLk igys csM+s d¨ ysdj fLkMuh dkso vk,- bLkh fnu dh o"kZxkaB ds :i esa ge gj Lkky vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk eukrs gSa-

U;w g‚ySaM dk ,cy rLeku [Abel Tasman] }kjk [kÈpk x;k uD'kk] 1644

fczVsu Lks pydj 1788 esa fLkMuh dkso igqapk igyk csM+k

vkjafÒd o"kZvkcknh cLkk, tkus ds vkjafÒd o"kZ cgqr gh dfBu Fks- xouZj fQfyi us ;g Lkqfuf'pr fd;k fd d¨bZ Òh Òw[kk u ejs- bLkds fy, mUgksaus gj fdLkh d¨ ,d gh jk'ku nsus dk fu.kZ; fd;k & ;gka rd fd vius vf/kdkfj;ksa v©j [kqn d¨ Òh- mu ÁFke dfBu o"k¨± esa muds foosd v©j –<+fu'p; ds dkj.k gh ;g mifuos'k thfor jg Lkdk-

vkcknh cLkk, tkus ds vkjafÒd o"k¨± esa cgqr Lkkjs dfBu dk;Z vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ cyiwoZd dke ij yxkdj fd, x,- ;fn os dM+h esgur ugÈ djrs ;k Òkx tkrs vFkok 'kjkc ihrs] r¨ mUgsa d¨M+s ekjs tkrs Fks- ;fn os xaÒhj fdLe dk vijk/k djrs] r¨ mUgsa dgÈ nwj fuokZfLkr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk ;k QkaLkh ns nh tkrh Fkh- viuh Lktk iwjh dj ysus okys vkjïh Lora= L=h&iq#"kksa dh rjg Lkeqnk; esa jgdj dke dj Lkdrs Fks v©j ifjokj cLkk Lkdrs Fks-


u, voLkjvkWLVªsfy;k dh ÁFke ;wjïh; vkcknh esa vaxzst] Ld‚fV'k] osY'k ,oa vk;fj'k y¨x 'kkfey Fks- gkykafd vrhr esa Ld‚fV'k] osY'k ,oa vk;fj'k y¨x vDLkj vaxzstksa Lks ;q) esa fÒM+s jgrs Fks] exj vkWLVªsfy;k esa ;s pkjksa lewg LkkFk fey&tqy dj fuokl v©j dke djrs Fks-

vkjïh ,oa iwoZ&vkjïh bLk d‚yüh esa u, voLkj ryk'kus yxs- LkSU; vf/kdkjh vius Lke; dk mi;¨x O;kikj djds fd;k djrs Fks v©j vius dk;Z esa Lkgk;rk ds fy, mUgksaus bu vkj¨fi;ksa v©j iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ u©djh nh- cgqr gh tYn dqN iwoZ&vijk/kh Lk©nkxj cudj [kqn viuk O;kikj pykus yxs- vU; iwoZ&vijk/kh fdLkku] O;kikjh] nqdkunkj ,oa vke y¨xksa dh rjg vPNh rjg jgus yxs- iwoZ&vijk/kh v©jrksa us Hkh O;oLkk; esa vPNh LkQyrk ikbZ v©j dbZ rjg Lks os baXySaM Lks csgrj vktknh dk vkuan mBkus yxÈ Fkh-

Caroline Chisholm (1808-1877)

dSj¨fyu fØLkg‚e (Caroline Chisholm) ,d vxz.kh Lkekt Lkq/kkjd Fkh ftUgksaus vkjafÒd d‚y¨fu;ksa esa vdsyh v©jrksa dh n'kk esa Lkq/kkj fd;k-

dSj¨fyu 1838 esa vius LkSU; vf/kdkjh ifr v©j ikap cPpksa ds LkkFk vkWLVªsfy;k vkbZ- og fLkMuh dh LkM+dksa ij jgus okyh vkÁokLkh v©jrksa dh enn djus yxh- dqN gh o"k¨± esa mLk d‚yüh ds bnZ&fxnZ mLkus vkÁokLkh v©jrksa ds fy, 16 g¨LVy LFkkfir dj fn,-

tgkt ij mifuos'kksa dh ;k=k djus okys y¨xksa dh thou&n'kk Lkq/kkjus ds fy, dSj¨fyu us cgqr ifjJe fd;k- xjhch ,oa fuÒZjrk Lks futkr ikus ds fy, mLkus xjhc y¨xksa ds fy, ,d _.k&;¨tuk dk vkjaÒ Òh fd;k-

orZeku Lke; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds dbZ Ldwyksa ds LkkFk dSj¨fyu fØLkg‚e dk uke tqM+k gS- mLks ^vkÁokfLk;ksa dh n¨Lr* ds uke Lks tkuk x;k v©j y¨xksa d¨ ,d u, thou dh 'kq#vkr djus esa enn nsus ds fy, mLks ;kn j[kk tkrk gS-

,d mRÑ"V xouZjgekjs vkjafÒd bfrgkLk esa xouZj fQfyi ds LkkFk&LkkFk xouZj ySDysu eSDok;jh [Governor Lachlan Macquarie] dk Òh ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS- mUgksaus 1810 Lks 1821 ds chp U;w LkkmFk osYLk ij 'kkLku fd;k- mUgksaus bLk d‚yüh dk fodkLk vkj¨fi;ksa dh d‚yüh ds :i esa u djds ,d Lora= cLrh ds :i esa fd;k- mUgksaus Ñf"k dh ÁFkkvksa d¨ Lkq/kkjk rFkk ubZ LkM+dksa v©j tu&Lkqfo/kkvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k- mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k dh [k¨t ds dk;Z d¨ Á¨RLkkgu fn;k-

eSDok;jh us f'k{kk ds {ks= esa Òh /ku yxk;k rFkk iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa d¨ egRo fn;k- dqN iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ mUgksaus ttksa ,oa y¨d Lksodksa ds :i esa dke Òh fn;k-

xouZj eSDok;jh d¨ bfrgkLk esa bLkfy, LkEeku ÁkIr gS D;ksafd mUgksaus d‚yüh esa dbZ LkdkjkRed ifjorZu yk,- U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa eSDok;jh fo'ofo|ky; dk uke mUgÈ Lks tqM+k gqvk gS-

vkj¨fi;ksa dh fojkLkreSDok;jh dk dk;Zdky LkekIr güs ds ckn ;g ekuk x;k fd xouZj dk in bruk 'kfä'kkyh gS fd mLks ,d gh O;fä esa fufgr ugÈ j[kk tk Lkdrk gS- bLkfy, 1823 esa vxys xouZj dk uke r; djus ds fy, U;w LkkmFk osYLk ysftLysfVo dkSafLky dk xBu fd;k x;k- ysftLysfVo dkSafLky us d‚yüh d¨ Lkq/kkjus dk Á;kLk fd;k rkfd vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ Lkeqfpr Lktk fey Lkds ,oa os cgqr vPNk thou u th,a- ijUrq bLkLks U;w LkkmFk osYLk rFkk 19oÈ Lknh ds vkjaÒ esa vkWLVªsfy;k esa LFkkfir vU; d‚y¨fu;ksa esa jgus okys vkj¨fi;ksa ds fy, Lkkjs voLkj LkekIr ugÈ g¨ x,-

dqy feykdj 160 000 Lks Òh vf/kd vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k Òstk x;k- xzsV fczVsu us 1840 esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk] 1852 esa rLekfu;k rFkk 1868 esa osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ Òstuk can dj fn;k-

bu vkj¨fi;ksa ds cPps ges'kk vktkn jgs Fks- vr% iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ksa ,oa ckf'kUnksa ds chp dk QdZ /khjs&/khjs feVus yxk- 1850 ds ckn Lks d‚yühokLkh Lo;a 'kkLku pykus yxs v©j os ,d LkEekfur Lkekt dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrs Fks- ;s d‚yühokLkh vius vijk/kh vrhr d¨ ysdj 'kfeZUnk Fks v©j bLkds ckjs esa os fdLkh Lks d¨bZ ckr ugha djrs Fks- yxÒx ,d 'krkCnh ds ckn 'keZ dh ;g Òkouk [kRe g¨ xbZ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x vkj¨fi;ksa ds :i esa vius thou dh 'kq#vkr ij xoZ djus yxs v©j vc cgqr Lkkjs y¨x bLk ckr Lks [kq'k gSa fd muds iwoZt vkjïh Fks-

vfHkLohÑfr dh bLk psruk ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x ,sLks y¨x g¨ x, gSa ftUgsa fdLkh O;fä dh ikfjokfjd i"BÒwfe ;k foxr O;ogkj dh T;knk fQØ ugÈ g¨rh- ge y¨xksa d¨ mLkh :i esa ysrs gSa tSLks os fn[krs gSa v©j gj fdLkh ds LkkFk Lk}Óogkj Lks gh is'k vkrs gSa-


;wjïh; vkcknh ds ckn tutkrh; y¨xvuqeku gS fd ;wjïh; vkcknh dk cLkuk vkjaÒ g¨rs Lke; vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨xksa dh Lka[;k 750 000 Lks ysdj 1.4 fefy;u ds chp Fkh- mudh bLk Lka[;k esa djhc 250 O;fäxr jk"Vª ,oa 700 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kk&Lkewg 'kkfey Fks-

tc os igys&igy vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkdj cLks r¨ fczfV'k Lkjdkj us bu vkfne y¨xksa Lks d¨bZ LkfU/k ugÈ dh- bu tutkrh; y¨xksa dh viuh vyx vFkZ&O;oLFkk Fkh v©j tehu Lks mudk cgqr iqjkuk tqM+ko Fkk- Lkjdkj bLk ckr d¨ ekU;rk ugÈ ns Lkdh D;ksafd ;wjï esa bLk rjg dh d¨bZ Á.kkyh ;k ekU;rk,a FkÈ gh ugÈ- ;s vkfne y¨x fczfV'k y¨xksa dh rjg ,d txg jgdj QLky mxkus v©j ?kj cLkkus ds vknh ugÈ Fks] bLkfy, Lkjdkj d¨ yxk fd muds fy, LokfeRo dk d¨bZ eryc gh ugÈ gS- vr% Lkjdkj mudh tehu gM+ius ds fy, [kqn d¨ vktkn Lke> cSBh-

[krjukd vLkjvkjafÒd xouZjksa Lks dgk x;k Fkk fd os vkfne y¨xksa d¨ d¨bZ uqdLkku u igqapk,a] exj fczfV'k vkcknh okys y¨x vkfne y¨xksa ds {ks=ksa esa ?kqLk cSBs v©j cgqr Lks vkfne y¨xksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZ- bLk rjg ds vijk/kksa ds fy, y¨xksa d¨ LkkekU;r% d¨bZ Lktk ugÈ nh tkrh Fkh-

dqN vkfne y¨x ,oa ;wjïh; mifuos'kh 'kkafriwoZd LkkFk&LkkFk jgus esa LkQy gq,- dqN ckf'kUnksa us vkfne y¨xksa d¨ ÒsM+ksa&tkuojksa ds QkeZ ij u©dfj;ksa ij j[kk- xouZj eSDok;jh us vkfne y¨xksa d¨ [ksrh ds fy, [kqn dh tehu miyC/k djkbZ v©j muds cPpksa ds fy, Ldwy [kqyok,- ijUrq cgqr gh de vkfne dchys bu ckf'kUnksa dh rjg thou xqtkjuk pkgrs Fks- os viuh LkkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa d¨ xaokuk ugÈ pkgrs Fks-

gesa ;g irk ugÈ gS fd Òwfe&fookn ds dkj.k fdrus tutkrh; y¨xksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZ] ijUrq gesa ;g t:j irk gS fd bu ekjs x, vkfne y¨xksa dh Lka[;k LkSdM+ksa&gtkjksa esa Fkh- bLkLks Òh T;knk Lka[;k esa ;s vkfne y¨x ;wjksih; ckf'kanks }kjk ykbZ xbZ chekfj;ksa Lks ekjs x,- vkfne y¨xksa ds thou dk bruk Òkjh iSekus ij fouk'k Áy;dkjh Fkk- 1830 ds n'kd esa foDV¨fj;k esa vkfne y¨xksa dh tuLka[;k djhc 10 000 Fkh- 1853 dh x.kuk esa dsoy 1907 y¨x cps gq, Fks-

bfrgkLk dh Áeq[k ?kVuk,avarnsZ'kh; [k¨tU;w LkkmFk osYLk esa vkjafÒd mifuosf'k;ksa d¨ dM+s LkadVksa dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k- vkWLVªsfy;k dk cgqr gh de ÒwÒkx mitkÅ gS- vkfne y¨xksa us bLk rjg ds okrkoj.k esa thou&;kiu djuk Lkh[k fy;k Fkk] gkykafd Lkw[ks ds Lke; esa mUgsa Òh cgqr dqN >syuk iM+rk Fkk-

varnsZ'kh; [k¨t ds Øe esa fLkMuh ds ckf'kUnksa d¨ ftLk igyh cM+h ck/kk dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk] og fLkMuh ds if'pe esa Cyw ekmUVsaLk dh 50 fdyëhVj yEch ioZr&Jà[kyk Fkh- 1813 esa CySDLkySaM [Blaxland]] osaVoFkZ [Wentworth] ,oa y‚Lku [Lawson] uke ds rhu O;fä;ksa us vkf[kj esa bl ioZr&Jà[kyk dks ikj dj fy;k- vkt Òh Cyw ekmaVsULk ds vkj&ikj t¨ LkM+dsa v©j jsy ykbusa fcNkbZ xbZ gSa] os mUgÈ ds fy, x, ekx¨± dk vuqlj.k djrh gS-

bu ioZrksa ds nwljh vksj vUos"kdksa d¨ ,d [kqyk Áns'k feyk] t¨ ÒsM+ksa v©j tkuojksa d¨ pjkus ds fy, cgqr vPNk Fkk- exj mLkds Òh T;knk vUnj tkus ij ,d 'kq"d] e#LFkyh; Áns'k Fkk- mUgsa ikuh ryk'kus rFkk thfor jgus ds fy, Ò¨tu LkkFk ys tkus esa cM+h fnDdrksa dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k- 1848 esa iwoZ Lks if'pe dh v¨j Ák;}hi d¨ ikj djus ds Á;kLk esa teZuh esa tUek ,d vUos"kd] yqMfox ys[kkVZ [Ludwig Leichhardt] ykirk g¨ x;k-

1860 esa nf{k.k Lks mŸkj fn'kk esa vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ ikj djus ds Á;kLk esa cdsZ [Burke] v©j foYLk [Wills] esyc‚uZ Lks py iM+s- gkykafd mudk vfÒ;ku cgqr cM+k Fkk] exj ikj djuk dfBu Fkk- cdsZ v©j foYLk vuqÒoh cq'kesu ugÈ Fks- vkfne ;kaMqoka/kk [Yandruwandha] y¨xksa Lks mUgsa dq'ky Lkgk;rk feyh] exj okiLkh esa bu nüksa gh [k¨ft;ksa dh e©r g¨ xbZ- cdsZ v©j foYLk vius bLk vfÒ;ku esa Òys gh vLkQy jgs gksa fdUrq dyk v©j LkkfgR; esa mudh dgkuh vej gS- gekjs ÒwÒkx dh dfBukbZ ds ckjs esa ;g ,d d#.k mnkgj.k gS-

cdsZ v©j foYLk dk vkWLVªsfy;k&ikjh.k vfÒ;ku] 1860


ckf'kUns ,oa ik;uh;jckf'kUnksa d¨ vPNk ÒwÒkx fey tkus ds ckotwn Hkh mudk thou cM+k dfBu Fkk- ck<+ v©j Lkw[ks ds gkykrksa Lks fuiVus ds ckn fdLkkuksa d¨ Lkc&dqN vDLkj u, fLkjs Lks 'kq: djuk iM+rk Fkk- 1838 vkrs&vkrs mu vkWLVªsfy;k dh ,d Áeq[k fu;kZrd oLrq cu xbZ] ysfdu Lkw[ks dh fLFkfr esa ;k vU; ns'kksa esa mu dk Òko fxj tkus ij bu ckf'kUnksa dh thfodk ekjh tkrh Fkh- fQj Òh y¨x [kqn d¨ LkaÒkyrs v©j tw>rs jgrs Fks- t¨ y¨x ,sLks dfBu Lke;ksa esa Òh thoV j[krs gSa] mUgsa ge ^vkWLVªsfy;k dk tq>k:* dgrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ;s tq>k: bLk ns'k dh Lka?k"kZ&Òkouk v©j ypd ds ifjpk;d gSa- bu dfBu dkyksa esa g©Lkyk cuk, j[kus ds fy, ge mu L=h v©j iq#"k izorZdksa dk LkEeku djrs gSa- dbZ ckj en¨± ds ckgj pys tkus ;k ej tkus ij fL=;ksa d¨ O;oLkk; ;k QkeZ dk dke tkjh j[kuk iM+rk Fkk-

bUgÈ vkjafÒd dfBu dkyksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh cU/kqRo&psruk dk mn; gqvk- ;g Òkouk vkmVcSd Lks g¨dj >qaMksa esa ;k=k djus okys y¨xksa esa v©j Òh vf/kd cyorh Fkh- LkadV dh ?kfM+;ksa esa ckf'kUnksa us Òh ,d&nwLkjs dh enn dh- vkt Òh ;g ijEijk vkWLVªsfy;k ds thou&'kSyh dk vax cuh gqbZ gS- mnkgj.k ds fy,] cq'kQk;j ij dkcw ikus ds fy, gj Lkky gtkjksa y¨x Lo;aLksod cudj Lkkeus vkrs gSa-

Lo.kZ&g¨M+1851 ds vkjaÒ esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa Lküs dh [k¨t dk o.kZu ,d ,sLkh [k¨t ds :i esa fd;k x;k gS ftLkus ^^,d jk"Vª dh rdnhj cny nh**- mLkds 'kh?kz ckn ubZ Lora= d‚yüh foDV¨fj;k esa Òh Lkük ik;k x;k-

1852 ds vkf[kj rd Lküs dh [k¨t esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds reke fgLLkksa v©j nqfu;k&Òj Lks 90 000 y¨x foDV¨fj;k igqap x, Fks-

Lküs dh [kqnkbZ djus ds fy, ykbLksaLk Qh ysrs Lke; Lkjdkjh&ny mu [kuudfeZ;ksa ds LkkFk cgqr gh dB¨j O;ogkj djrs Fks- 11 uoEcj 1854 d¨ csdjh fgy [Bakery Hill]] cSykjSV [Ballarat] esa 10 000 y¨x tek gq,] ftudk mÌs'; cqfu;knh y¨drkaf=d vf/kdkjksa ds ,d Ák:i dks vaxhÑr djuk Fkk- os egaxh ykbLksaLk Qh pqdk, fcuk gh Lküs dh [kkuksa dh [kqnkbZ djuk pkgrs Fks- LkkFk gh LkkFk os foDV¨fj;k dh LkaLkn esa viuk Áfrfuf/kRo djus okys y¨xksa dk pquko dj ikus dk vf/kdkj Òh pkgrs Fks-

y¨xksa ds ,d N¨Vs&Lks ny us ;wjsdk [kuu ds ikLk ,d ?ksjk cuk;k v©j mLkij LknuZ Ø‚Lk okyk viuk foæ¨gLkwpd >aMk Qgjk fn;k- 3 fnLkEcj 1854 dh Lkqcg Lkjdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa us ?ksjs ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, vius LkSfud Òsts- 'kh?kz gh bu [kfudksa ij dkcw ik fy;k x;k v©j djhc 30 [kfudksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZ-

;wjsdk dk >aMk

1851 esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa foDV¨fj;k mifuos'kksa esa Lküs dh [k¨t gqbZ

tc jktæ¨g dk eqdnek pykus ds fy, ckxh usrkvksa d¨ is'k fd;k x;k] r¨ fdLkh Òh T;wjh us mUgsa vkjïh ekuus Lks euk dj fn;k- ekeys dh tk¡p&iM+rky djus ds fy, ,d jktLkh vk;¨x fu;qä fd;k x;k v©j mLkus ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd n¨"k Lkjdkj dk Fkk rFkk [kfudksa dh cgqr Lkh ekaxsa eku yh xb±- jktuhfrd Áfrfuf/kRo LkEca/kh mudh ekax Òh eku yh xbZ- ,d Lkky ds vUnj gh foæ¨fg;ksa dk usrk ihVj ySyj [Peter Lalor] foDV¨fj;k dh LkaLkn dk ,d LknL; cu x;k-

vkusokys o"k¨± esa ;wjsdk Økafr foj¨/k v©j Lk}Óogkj nüksa gh ds fy, gekjk Árhd cu xbZ-

Lo.kZ&g¨M+ us dbZ ek;uksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k esa cnyko yk fn;k- Lo.kZ&g¨M+ ds bu o"k ± esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh vkcknh 1851 dh 43 000 dh rqyuk esa 1870 esa 1.7 fefy;u g¨ xbZ- bLk c<+rh gqbZ tuLka[;k dk ,d&nwLkjs Lks LkEidZ&Lkw= t¨M+us ds fy, 1850 esa igyh ckj jsyos v©j VsfyxzkQ dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k-

LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ N¨M+dj ckdh LkÒh mifuos'kksa esa Lküs dh cgqr Lkh [kkusa <wa<+ fudkyh xb±- vFkZ&O;oLFkk Qyus&Qwyus yxh v©j vc Åu dh txg LkcLks ewY;oku fu;kZrd oLrq Lkük cu x;k- 1890 ds djhc vkWLVªsfy;k nqfu;k dk LkaÒor% LkcLks csgrjhu thou&Lrj okyk ns'k cu x;k-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds bfrgkLk esa ;wjsdk [Eureka] Økafr d¨ ,d egku y¨drkaf=d {k.k ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS- 1854 esa cSykjSV [Ballarat] xŸMQhYM esa [kuudfeZ;ksa us Lkjdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk xŸMQhYM ds Lkapkyu esa viuk, x, dB¨j rjhds ds f[kykQ ,d fo'kky foj¨/k&Án'kZu fd;k-


LDoSVj ,oa fdLkkumifuos'kksa ds vkjafÒd fnuksa Lks gh ^LDoSVj* ds uke Lks tkus x, y¨xksa us [ksrh ds fy, cM+h&cM+h tehusa ys j[kh FkÈ- gkykafd LkkekU;r% mUgsa bLk tehu dh d¨bZ dher ugÈ pqdkuh iM+rh Fkh] exj fQj Òh ;s LDoSVj y¨x mUgsa viuh gh tehu Lke>rs Fks- ÁFke Lo.kZ&g¨M+ LkekIr güs ds ckn LDoSVjksa Lks ;s tehusa okfiLk ikus ds fy, ,d yEck Lka?k"kZ pyk-

1860 ds n'kd esa Lkjdkj us bu LDoSVjksa dh tehuksa d¨ Ñf"k&dk;Z ds fy, dkexkjksa v©j muds ifjokjksa d¨ ns nsuk pkgk- ;g nkok djds fd dbZ tehusa yht+ ij gSa & [kkLk r©j ij mEnk fdLe dh tehusa & LDoSVjksa us T;knk Lks T;knk Òwfe gM+i ysuh pkgh-

u, fdLkkuksa d¨ dfBu fLFkfr;ksa dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k v©j tcrd jsyos dk fuekZ.k ugÈ g¨ x;k] mUgsa ckt+kj izkIr ugÈ gks ik;k- ;g ekuus ds dkj.k fd 'kgjksa esa T;knk dekbZ ds voLkj gSa] tehu ij dke djuk v©j Fk¨M+h&Lkh etnwjh ds fy, Je djuk drbZ vkd"kZd ckr ugÈ Fkh-

ijUrq LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k ds fdLkkuksa us vPNk dke fd;k rFkk Ñf"k&dk;Z d¨ vkLkku cukus ds fy, e'khu ds vkfo"dkj dh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ijEijk ogÈ Lks 'kq: gqbZ- mnkgj.k ds fy,] LVEi&tEi Iy¨ ¼1870 ds n'kd esa½ us QLkyksa dh [ksrh ds fy, dB¨j tehu d¨ LkkQ djus dk dke LkaÒo cuk fn;k-

1800 ds n'kd esa ÁokLkh y¨xksa dk Áokg1800 ds n'kd ds vkjaÒ esa vaxzst] Ld‚fV'k] osY'k rFkk vk;fj'k ckf'kUns bu mifuos'kksa esa jgus okys izeq[k Lkewg Fks- bLk u, jk"Vª dh vk/kkjf'kyk mudh gh fojkLkr ij j[kh xbZ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds eu¨jatu ds rjhds] LkkaLÑfrd xfrfof/k;ka rFkk /kkfeZd ÁFkk,a ;qukbVsM ÇdXMe ds tSLkh gh FkÈ- ijUrq N¨Vs Lkewgksa esa ;wjï v©j ,f'k;k ds ÁokLkh Òh ;gka vk,- 1800 esa vkus okys ;wjïh; mifuosf'k;ksa esa bVSfy;u] xzhd] iŸLk] ekYVht] jf'k;u rFkk 'kjkc m|¨x esa dke djus okys Ýsap y¨x 'kkfey Fks- buesa Lks T;knkrj ;qok y¨x Fks ftUgsa dke v©j Lk©ÒkX; dh ryk'k Fkh ;k os ,sLks ukfod Fks t¨ vius tgktksa Lks Òkx vk, Fks-

phu ds ÁokfLk;ksa dk vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkus dk Øe 1842 ds ckn 'kq# gqvk- Lküs dh [k¨t ds ckn mudh Lka[;k v©j c<+ xbZ v©j Lo.kZ&[knkuksa esa uLyh; ruko 'kq# g¨ x,- dbZ ckj bLkds dkj.k phuh y¨xksa ds f[kykQ naxs ÒM+d mBrs Fks] tSLks fd 1854 esa csfUMx¨ [Bendigo] esa gqvk- bu uLyh; rukoksa ds dkj.k foDV¨fj;k esa 1855 esa v©j U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa 1861 esa vkoztu ij j¨d yxk fn;k x;k-

1850 dh Lo.kZ&g¨M+ lekIr gks tkus ds ckn T;knkrj phuh y¨x vius&vius ?kjksa d¨ y©V x,- cps gq, yksxksa esa ikuh dh deh okys {ks=ksa esa t:jh rkts Qyksa v©j LkfCt;ksa dh vkiwfrZ djus okys phuh ekdsZV ds ckxoku Fks-

1860 ds n'kd ds ckn Lks bjku] faelz v©j rqdÊ ds y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkmVcSd esa dSesy Vªsu pykus ds fy, ;gka vk,] Òkjrh; ÅaV okyksa ds LkkFk&LkkFk mu Lkcd¨ dqy feykdj ^vQxku* dgk tkrk Fkk D;ksafd mudh os'k&Òw"kk ,d tSLkh Fkh v©j os bLyke esa vkLFkk j[krs Fks- bu ÅaV&Lkokjksa d¨ ^varnsZ'kh; vxzxkeh* dk uke fn;k x;k- yxÒx 4000 Òkjrh; v©j 6000 Á'kkUr }hiokLkh Òh DoÈLkySaM ds x™kk ,oa dsyk m|¨xksa esa dke djrs Fks-

1880 ds n'kd Lks yscuku ds dkexkj Òh vkWLVªsfy;k vkus yxs- cgqr Lkkjs yscukuh oL= ,oa QSfczd m|¨xksa esa yxs gq, Fks- vkWLVªsfy;k ds nsgkrh fgLLkksa esa ctkth ds O;oLkk; dk T;knkrj LokfeRo yscukuh ifjokjksa ds ikLk Fkk v©j ;g ijEijk vkt Òh dk;e gS-

vkfne dkyhu ^fjt+OLkZ* ¼Lkajf{kr {ks=½vkfne y¨xksa v©j ckf'kUnksa ds chp ds vkjafÒd Lka?k"kZ ds LkekIr g¨ tkus ds ckn vkfne y¨x cl Lkekt ds ,d Nksj ij gh jgus yxs- dqN y¨x cgqr gh de etnwjh ij ÒsM+ksa v©j tkuojksa ds vkmVcSd LVs'kuksa ij dke djus yxs- v©ifuosf'kd Lkjdkjksa us dqN ^fjt+OLkZ* ¼Lkajf{kr {ks=½ LFkkfir fd, tgka ;s vkfne y¨x jg Lkdrs Fks] ijUrq bu {ks=ksa esa ;s vkfne y¨x viuk ikjEifjd thou th ikus esa vLkeFkZ Fks- os viuh bPNkuqLkkj f'kdkj&Lkaxzg ugÈ dj Lkdrs Fks-

1800 ds n'kd esa v©ifuosf'kd Lkjdkjksa us vkfne y¨xksa ds vf/kdkj Nhu fy,- mUgksaus vkfne y¨xksa d¨ crk;k fd os dgka jgsa] fduLks fookg djsa v©j mUgksaus dbZ vkfne cPpksa d¨ muds ekrk&firk Lks Nhu fy;k- bu cPpksa d¨ ^'osr* ifjokjksa vFkok Lkjdkjh vukFkky;ksa esa Òst fn;k x;k- gkykafd vc ;s ÁFkk,a ugÈ jg xbZ gSa] ysfdu muds dkj.k vkt Òh vkfne y¨xksa v©j vusd vkWLVªsfy;k okfl;ksa ds psgjs ij fo"kkn dh Nk;k gS-

vkmVcSd vkWLVªsfy;k esa ^vQxku* ÅaV okys


erkf/kdkjpqukoksa esa erkf/kdkj dk vfÒ;ku pykus okyh v©jrksa ds fy, ^LkÝstsV~Lk* 'kCn dk Á;¨x fd;k tkrk Fkk- 1880 v©j 1890 ds n'kdksa ds n©jku gj mifuos'k esa de Lks de ,d erkf/kdkj Lkekt ¼LkÝst Lk¨Lkk;Vh½ gqvk djrk Fkk- bu LkÝstsV~Lk y¨xksa us mifuos'kksa dh LkaLknksa esa ÁLrqr fd, tkus ds fy, ;kfpdkvksa ij gtkjksa gLrk{kjksa dk Lkaxzg fd;k-

1895 esa LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©jrksa us er Mkyus ,oa LkaLkn ds fy, pquko yM+ Lkdus dk vf/kdkj izkIr dj fy;k- osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©jrksa d¨ ;g vf/kdkj 1899 esa ÁkIr gqvk-

1902 esa vkWLVªsfy;k ,slk igyk ns'k cu x;k tgka v©jrksa d¨ n¨uksa gh vf/kdkj ÁkIr Fks & er nsus dk vf/kdkj v©j vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa pqus tkus dk vf/kdkj- tutkrh; efgykvksa ¼v©j iq#"kksa½ d¨ er nsus dk vf/kdkj 1962 rd ÁkIr ugÈ gqvk Fkk-

1923 esa tc ,fMFk d‚osu [Edith Cowan] d¨ osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn ds fy, pquk x;k] r¨ os igyh efgyk LkkaLkn cu xb±- 1943 esa ,fuM y‚;ULk [Enid Lyons] vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa pquh tkus okyh igyh efgyk FkÈ-

Catherine Spence (1825-1910)

dSFkjhu LisULk (Catherine Spence) ,d ysf[kdk] minsf'kdk] ukjhoknh ,oa LkÝstsV FkÈ-

dSFkjhu LisULk Ld‚VySaM Lks vkWLVªsfy;k vkbZ FkÈ- Ldwyksa dh fdrkcksa ds vykok mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds tuthou ds ckjs esa iqjLdkj&fotsrk iqLrdsa fy[kÈ-

mUgksaus cs?kj cPpksa dh enn ds fy, ,d LkaLFkk dh LFkkiuk esa Lkg;¨x fn;k rFkk u, ÇdMjxkVsZULk ,oa yM+fd;ksa ds fy, Lkjdkjh ek/;fed Ldwyksa d¨ Lkgk;rk Ánku dh-

os LkaLkn ds fy, [kM+h g¨us okyh ÁFke efgyk FkÈ v©j mUgsa cgqr Lkkjs er ÁkIr gq,] exj os viuh LkhV ugÈ thr LkdÈ- 1891 esa os owesULk LkÝst yhx vkWQ LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh okbLk&ÁsfLkMsaV cuha-

dSFkjhu LisULk bLk ckr dh Árhd gSa fd v©jrsa D;k dqN gkfLky dj Lkdrh gSa] ;gka rd fd dfBu Lke;ksa esa Òh-

ifjLka?kgkykafd d‚y¨fu;ksa dk fodkLk vyx&vyx gqvk Fkk] exj 19oÈ Lknh ds mŸkjk)Z esa ,d jk"Vªh; igpku dk c¨/k fodfLkr g¨ x;k Fkk- ^,sMokaLk vkWLVªsfy;k Qs;j* esa bLkh Òkouk d¨ ÁdV fd;k x;k gS- bLk xhr d¨ ihVj M‚M~Lk eSDd‚feZd [Peter Dodds McCormick] us fy[kk Fkk v©j bLks igys fLkMuh esa 1878 esa xk;k x;k Fkk- vkt ;g gekjk jk"Vªxku gS-

19oÈ Lknh ds vkf[kj esa bu d‚y¨fu;ksa d¨ ,dtqV djus ds Á;kLk n¨ ckj fd, x,- 1889 esa Lkj gsujh ikDLkZ [Sir Henry Parkes] us ,d u, etcwr jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k dk vkg~oku fd;k- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d Lka?k@ifjLka?k ds fopkj ij ppkZ djus ds fy, 1890 esa vkWLVªsfy;u QsMjs'ku d‚UÝsaLk dk vk;¨tu fd;k x;k-

Fk¨M+s foyEc ds ckn 1893 esa ifjLka?k cukus ds bLk Á;kLk esa rsth vkbZ- fuokZpdksa us vxys LkaoS/kkfud vf/kos'ku ds LknL;ksa dk p;u fd;k- Lkafo/kku d¨ Lohdkj djus gsrq fuokZpdksa us n¨ jkmaM ds jsQjsaMe esa er fn,- ;g rF; fd ifjLka?k dh ÁfØ;k y¨xksa dh bPNk ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] ;g n'kkZrk gS fd vkWLVªsfy;k fdruk Áxfr'khy Fkk-

fczLcsu esa QsMjs'ku Ms] 1901


fczfV'k Lkjdkj vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ 'kkLku LkkSaius ds fu, Lkger g¨ xbZ v©j 1 tuojh 1901 d¨ fLkMuh ds LksUVsfu;y ikdZ esa Òkjh ÒhM+ dh e©twnxh esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh igyh Lkjdkj us 'kiFk xzg.k dh- bLk u, jk"Vª ds Á/kkuea=h Fks ,MeaM ckVZu [Edmund Barton]] ftUgksaus U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa ifjLka?k ¼QsMjs'ku½ vkanÿu dk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk-

vc vkWLVªsfy;k ,d ns'k cu pqdk Fkk] exj vÒh Òh og fczfV'k LkkezkT; ds vUnj Fkk- 1931 Lks igys mLks Áfrj{kk ,oa fons'kh ekeyksa esa iwjh Lora=rk ÁkIr ugÈ Fkh- gkykafd jk"Vªh; Òkouk dk mn; g¨ pqdk Fkk] fdUrq fczfV'k güs dk c¨/k vÒh Òh etcwr Fkk-

tc yscj ikVÊ fodfLkr g¨ xbZ] r¨ 1910 esa vU; LkÒh ikfVZ;ka fycjy ikVÊ ds :i esa ,dtqV g¨ xb±- bLk ikVÊ ds Òh dbZ uke Fks- ;q) ds n©jku ;g ûs'kuy ikVÊ* g¨ xbZ v©j mLkds ckn ;g ^;qukbVsM vkWLVªsfy;k ikVÊ* cu xbZ- vkt ge ftLk fycjy ikVÊ Lks ifjfpr gSa] mLkdh LFkkiuk 1944 esa gqbZ Fkh- bLkds ckn j‚cVZ esat+hLk [Robert Menzies] }kjk ,d d‚UÝsaLk vk;¨ftr dh xbZ ftLkesa dbZ xSj&yscj ikfVZ;ka 'kkfey gqb±- Lkj j‚cVZ esat+hLk vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks yEcs dky rd in ij cus jgus okys Á/kkuea=h Fks-

ÁFke fo'o;q) ds ckn fdLkkuksa ds fgrksa d¨ c<+kok nsus ds fy, daVªh ikVÊ dk xBu fd;k x;k- orZeku Lke; esa ûs'kuYLk* ds uke Lks ÁfLk) ;g ikVÊ vke&r©j ij fycjy ikVÊ ds ,d xBca/ku ny ds :i esa LkfØ; jgrh gS-

vkoztu ifjLkheu vf/kfu;e 1901fnLkEcj 1901 esa tc vkoztu ifjLkheu vf/kfu;e (Immigration Restrictions Act) 1901 ikfjr gqvk] r¨ ^'osr vkWLVªsfy;k* dh uhfr us dkuwuh :i ys fy;k- bLkds dkj.k vkÁokfLk;ksa ds vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgdj dke djus ,oa ^xSj&'osr* y¨xksa ds ÁokLk ij j¨d yxk nh xbZ-

xSj&;wjïh; i`"BÒwfe ds O;fä;ksa d¨ ;wjïh; Òk"kk esa 50 'kCnksa dh ,d Jqrys[k ijh{kk (Dictation Test) esa cSBuk iM+rk Fkk- phuh psEcj vkWQ d‚eLkZ ds LknL;ksa] cSfjLVj fofy;e vkg dsV [William Ah Ket] ,oa Áeq[k phuh O;kikfj;ksa us LkkoZtfud foj¨/k ÁdV fd;k fdUrq bLkLks bLk dkuwu d¨ cnyus esa d¨bZ enn ugha fey Lkdh-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds bLk u, ifjLka?k esa] phuh] Òkjrh;] Á'kkUr }hiokLkh ,oa e/;&iwoZ ds y¨xksa dh txg Òkjh iSekus ij nf{k.kh ;wjï ds y¨x vkdj jgus yxs] fdUrq muds LkkaLÑfrd ;¨xnku vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkkekftd igpku ds vax cu pqds Fks-

ÁFke fo'o;q)] 1914-1918mifuosf'k;ksa ,oa vkfne y¨xksa ds chp pys N¨Vs&e¨Vs Lka?k"k¨± ds vykok vkWLVªsfy;k mYys[kuh; :i Lks ,d 'kkafriw.kZ ns'k jgk gS- ;gka d¨bZ Òh x`g&;q) ;k Økafr tSLkh ?kVuk,a ugÈ gqbZ gSa- ÁFke mifuos'kh fczfV'k LkkezkT; ds Áfr cgqr gh oQknkj Fks-

Lkj ,MeaM ckVZu

jktuhfrd nyksa dk tUe1880 ds n'kd ds vkrs&vkrs vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgus okys dkexkjksa us dbZ etcwr VªsM ;wfu;u ¼etnwj Lka?k½ cuk fy, Fks- vkfFkZd eanh v©j Lkw[ks ds dfBu Lke;ksa esa ;s Lka?k viuh etnwjh v©j viuh n'kkvksa ds Lkaj{k.k ds fy, gM+rky fd;k djrs Fks- mLkds ckn bu dkexkjksa us jktuhfr dh v¨j #[k fd;k- 1891 esa mUgksaus yscj ikVÊ dh LFkkiuk dh-

yscj ikVÊ dk igyk dke dkexkjksa ds ikfjJfed v©j mudh n'kkvksa d¨ fQj ls cgky djuk v©j muesa Lkq/kkj ykuk Fkk- e/;e&oxZ ds y¨x etnwjksa Lks T;knk vkjkensg fLFkfr;ksa esa jgrs Fks] exj mUgsa etnwjksa dh n'kk dk Òh vgLkkLk Fkk- etnwjh r; djus v©j gM+rkyksa ij j¨d yxkus ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd c¨M¨± dk xBu fd;k x;k- 1907 esa d‚euosYFk d¨VZ vkWQ dkSafLkfy,'ku ,saM vkfcZVªs'ku ¼d‚euosYFk Lkgefr ,oa e/;LFkrk U;k;ky;½ us ;g r; fd;k fd U;wure etnwjh bruh güh pkfg, fd ,d dkexkj] mLkdh iRuh v©j rhu cPps ^ferO;f;rkiw.kZ* vkjkensgh Lks jg Lkdsa-


ijUrq tc ,f'k;k ds fy, ;wjï dk ,d vkmVi¨LV can g¨ x;k] r¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds fy, Òh [krjk [kM+k g¨ x;k] [kkLk&r©j ij rc tcfd tkiku ,d egk'kfä cu x;k- vkWLVªsfy;k viuh Áfrj{kk ds fy, fczfV'k LkkezkT; v©j mLkdh u©LkSfud 'kfä ij fuÒZj Fkk- fczfV'k LkkezkT; d¨ etcwrh Ánku djus ,oa viuh j{kk ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k us nüksa gh fo'o;q)ksa esa yM+kbZ dh-

teZuh ds fe=jk"Vª rqdÊ ij geyk g¨rs gh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkSfudksa us 1915 esa ÁFke fo'o;q) esa Áos'k fd;k- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ rFkk U;wTkhySaM Lksukvksa d¨ xSfyiÿh Ák;}hi ij vkØe.k djus dh Lora= ftEesnkjh nh xbZ-

mUgsa Lkeqæ&rV ij xyr fBdkus ij j[kk x;k v©j [kM+h pÍkuksa ij p<+rs gq, mUgsa rqdÊ dh LkSU; VqdfM+;ksa dh xÿhckjh dk f'kdkj gük iM+k- fdLkh rjg os pÍkuksa Lks mÒjdj Nqi rks x,] exj dbZ ;qok ekjs x,- ?kjksa esa cSBs vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ bu ,sut+Sd y¨xksa ds mRLkkg ij xoZ Fkk-

fLkEiLku v©j mLkdk x/kk & John Simpson Kirkpatrick (1892-1915)

t‚u fLkEiLku ddZiSfVªd (John Simpson Kirkpatrick) ,d LksokdeÊ Fkk t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k dh Çdonarh cu pqdk gS-

Ák;osV t‚u fLkEiLku ds uke Lks mLkus LVªspj ys tkus okys O;fä dh gSfLk;r Lks xSfyiÿh esa ,sEC;qysaLk esfMdy d¨j esa dke fd;k- igkfM+;ksa v©j ?kkfV;ksa Lks g¨dj LVªspj ys tkuk cM+k dfBu dke Fkk- Lksuk dh vkKk ds f[kykQ tkdj ?kk;y LkSfudksa d¨ Lkqjf{kr txg igqapkus ds fy, mLkus MQh [Duffy] uke ds ,d x/ks Lks dke fy;k-

jkr&fnu] ?kaVs&nj&?kaVs] os yM+kbZ ds e¨psZ v©j chp dSEi rd dh ;k=k djrs gq, viuk thou t¨f[ke esa Mkyrs jgs-

Ák;osV t‚u fLkEiLku 25 vÁSy 1915 d¨ xSfyiÿh igqap x;k Fkk- pkj gh g¶rs ckn og nq'euksa dh e'khuxu Lks Òwu Mkyk x;k- chp dSEi ij dk;Zjr LksokdfeZ;ksa us e©u mnkLkh ds LkkFk ns[kk fd vius ekfyd ds fcuk gh MQh [Duffy] vÒh Òh ,d ?kk;y LkSfud d¨ fy, chp dSEi dh v¨j Vi&Vi djrk pyk vk jgk Fkk-

ÁFke fo'o;q) ds n©jku xSfyiÿh Ák;}hi

xSfyiÿh esa vkxeu dk ;g fnu ¼25 vÁSy½ ,d jk"Vªh; vodk'k dk fnu gS- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ,oa U;wTkhySaM LkSU; lsukvksa ds fy, bLks ,sut+Sd fnoLk ds uke Lks tkuk tkrk gS-

xSfyiÿh ds ckn vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lksuk us ÝkaLk esa osLVuZ ÝaV ¼if'peh e¨psZ½ ij yM+kbZ yM+h- bLkh txg mudk uke ^fMxLkZ* ¼[kud½ iM+k D;ksafd [kkb;ka [k¨nus v©j tekus esa mUgsa dkQh oä yxk- vius dekaMj tujy t‚u eüs'k [General John Monash] ds usr`Ro esa bu vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ^fMxLkZ* us teZuh ds f[kykQ viuh vkf[kjh yM+kb;ksa esa 'kkunkj fot; gkfLky dh-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"kksa us Òh e/;&iwoZ esa Lksok,a nÈ- os Lost+ ugj dh j{kk v©j fLkukbZ Ák;}hi ij Lkk>k fot; ikus esa ÁfrÒkxh cus-


,sut+Sd dk vk[;ku

25 vÁSy 1915 d¨ tc vkWLVªsfy;k v©j U;wft+ySaM dh LkSU; lsuk,sa (ANZAC) rqdÊ esa xSfyiÿh Ák;}hi ij mrjÈ, r¨ ,sut+Sd ijEijk dk Lkw=ikr gqvk-

bLkh ds LkkFk ,d ,sLks vfÒ;ku dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ t¨ vkB eghus rd pyk vkSj ftLkesa 25 000 vkWLVªsfy;kbZ grkgr gq,- buesa 8700 os y¨x Fks t¨ ekj Mkys x, ;k ftudh e`R;q ?kkoksa vFkok chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k gqbZ- xSfyiÿh Ák;}hi ij Lksok djus okys bu y¨xksa ds 'k©;Z v©j mRLkkg us ,d v˜qr vk[;ku d¨ :ikf;r fd;k v©j ^,sut+Sd* vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa U;wft+ySaM dh Òk"kk dk vax cu x;k-

1916 esa muds vorfjr güs ¼ySaÇMx½ dh ?kVuk dh igyh o"kZxkaB vkWLVªsfy;k] U;wTkhySaM v©j baXySaM esa v©j LkkFk gh faelz dh LkSU; VqdfM+;ksa }kjk eukbZ xbZ- mLkh Lkky 25 vÁSy d¨ ^,sutS+d fnoLk* dk uke fn;k x;k-

1920 dk n'kd vkrs&vkrs ,sut+Sd fnoLk Lkekj¨g iwjs vkWLVªsfy;k esa euk;k tkus yxk v©j jkT;ksa us ,sut+Sd fnoLk ds voLkj ij LkkoZtfud vodk'k ?k¨f"kr fd;k- jkt/kkfu;ksa esa cM+s&cM+s ;q)&Lekjd cuk, x,- ns'k Òj ds 'kgjksa v©j uxjksa esa cus ;s Lekjd mu ;qok y¨xksa v©j efgykvksa dh ;kn fnykrs gSa t¨ mLk ;q) rFkk ckn ds Lka?k"k¨± esa 'kghn gq,-

,sut+Sd fnoLk vc og fnu gS tc ge ;q)ksa] Lka?k"k¨± v©j 'kkafr&Á;kLkksa esa viuh Lksok,a nsus okys reke y¨xksa ds Áfr LkEeku ÁdV djrs gSa- oLrqr% ;g d¨bZ LkSfud Lkekj¨g ugÈ gS- bLkesa fdLkh fot;&xkFkk dk LkEeku fufgr ugÈ gS & xSfyiÿh vfÒ;ku vLkQy jgk Fkk- bLkds }kjk Lkk/kkj.k LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"kksa ds egku xq.kksa % cU/kqrk] Lkgu'khyrk rFkk foifŸk ds fnuksa esa Òh gaLkrs&gaLkrs thus ds thoV d¨ LkEekfur fd;k tkrk gS- orZeku esa ,sut+Sd fnoLk vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk fo'o esa euk;k tkrk gS- f}rh; fo'o;q) ,oa vU; yM+kb;ksa Lks y©Vs LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k] v©j LkkFk gh fe=jk"Vªksa ds 'kkafrj{kd rFkk fnXxt y¨x & ;s LkHkh ,sut+Sd Ms ijsM esa xoZ Lks fgLLkk ysrs gSa-

xSfyiÿh esa ,sut+Sd fnoLk ÁÒkr Lksok


?k¨j eanh] 1929-1932^?k¨j eanh* ¼fn xzsV MhÁs'ku½ vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa ds fy, ?k¨j dfBukbZ dh ?kM+h Fkh- ;g mLkh Lke; vkjaÒ gqvk tc U;w;‚dZ LV‚d ,DLkpsat dk iru gqvk- fdUrq eanh d¨ tUe nsus okys v©j Òh dkjd Fks- bu dkj.kksa esa 'kkfey Fks & fu;kZr ewY;ksa v©j foØ; esa vkbZ fxjkoV] fons'kh _.k ,oa Lkjdkjh O;; esa fxjkoV rFkk Lkajpuk esa vk;k iru- 1932 ds e/; esa yxÒx 32 Áfr'kr vkWLVªsfy;koklh csj¨txkj g¨ x, Fks-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkekt ij eanh dk fouk'kdkjh vLkj iM+k- j¨txkj v©j LFkk;h vk; ds vÒko esa dbZ y¨x cs?kj g¨ x,- os vLFkk;h 'kj.k&x`gksa esa jgus d¨ ck/; g¨ x, tgka u LknÊ Lks jkgr Fkh v©j u gh LoPNrk- dqN firkvksa us ?kj&ckj N¨M+ fn;k ;k 'kjkc ihus yxs- etnwj oxZ ds cPps 13-14 Lkky dh mez Lks Ldwy N¨M+us yx x,- cgqr Lkh v©jrksa d¨ vius ?kj&ckj v©j cPpksa dh ns[kÒky ds LkkFk&LkkFk cqfu;knh dkeksa esa dk;Zjr gksuk iM+k-

eanh dh v¨j dne c<+krs gq, Lke; esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkjdkj ds ikLk d¨bZ Òh dsUæh; csj¨txkjh dk;ZØe ugÈ Fkk- pSfjVh ,oa dqN futh LkaLFkkvksa ij fuÒZj jgus ds vykok] xjhc y¨xksa d¨ j¨txkj ;¨tukvksa ,oa y¨d&fuekZ.k ifj;¨tukvksa ds Lkgkjs thuk iM+k-

1932 esa gh vFkZra= esa Lkq/kkj Òh vkus yxk, fdUrq dbZ ekeyksa esa ifjokjksa d¨ gqbZ {kfr iwjh ugÈ dh tk Lkdh- bLk ?k¨j eanh ds Lke; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ pSfjVh LkaLFkkvksa ,oa Lo;aLksodksa dh egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk ij cy fn;k x;k-

?k¨j eanh ds Lke; dk ,d Lkwi fdpsu

Lkj pkYLkZ ÇdXLkQ¨MZ fLeFk [Sir Charles Kingsford Smith] (1897-1935)

Lkj pkYLkZ ÇdXLkQ¨MZ fLeFk (Sir Charles Kingsford Smith) ,d LkkgLkh ik;yV] mM+ku vxzeh v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d tk¡ckt Fks-

pkYLkZ ÇdXLkQ¨MZ fLeFk us ÁFke fo'o;q) esa xSfyi¨yh esa yM+kbZ yM+h rFkk fczVsu dh j‚;y ¶ykbax d¨j esa mM+ku Òjh-

mudh egkure miyfC/k Fkh & 1928 esa dSfyQ¨fuZ;k Lks DoÈLkySaM rd Á'kkUr egkLkkxj d¨ igyh ckj ikj djuk- tc vkf[kj esa LknuZ Ø‚Lk uke dk mudk foeku vkWLVªsfy;k igqapk] r¨ muds 25 000 Á'kaLkd vius cgknqj ^fLeFkh* dh vxokuh djus ds fy, mifLFkr Fks- 1932 esa mM+ku ds {ks= esa mudh Lksokvksa ds fy, mUgsa ^ukbV* dh mikf/k feyh-

nq%[kn ckr ;g gS fd 1935 esa os vius foeku Lks baXySaM Lks vkWLVªsfy;k dh mM+ku ij x, v©j fQj mudk irk gh ugÈ pyk-

Lkj pkYLkZ ÇdXLkQ¨MZ fLeFk d¨ nqfu;k dk LkcLks cM+k mM+ku&izseh ekuk x;k gS v©j ?k¨j eanh ds fnuksa esa vius :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ ,d LkPpk cgknqj Lkiwr nsus ds fy, os ;kn j[ks tkrs gSa-


f}rh; fo'o;q)] 1939 - 1945f}rh; fo'o;q) esa mŸkjh vÝhdk ds jsfxLrkuksa v©j vU; dbZ txgksa ij vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa us fe= jk"Vªksa ds i{k esa yM+kb;ka yM+È- mŸkjh vÝhdk ds V‚czqd 'kgj esa os teZu rFkk bVSfy;kbZ y¨xksa dh ,d yEch ?ksjkcanh ds chp yM+rs jgs- nq'eu mUgsa ^V‚czqd ds pwgs* dgrs Fks D;ksafd os ,d fdukjs iM+s Fks v©j t¨ feyrk Fkk ogh [kk&ih ysrs Fks- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa us bu dfBu fLFkfr;ksa esa yM+kbZ yM+h v©j thfor jgs v©j bLkfy, mUgksaus viuk ;g uke j[k fy;k- ?ksjkcanh Lks ;g Lkkfcr g¨ x;k fd bu y¨xksa esa ÁFke fo'o;q) ds [kudksa ¼fMxLkZ½ dh rjg gh yM+us&fÒM+us dk tks'k Fkk- Lo;a LkSfudksa d¨ ;g irk Fkk fd mUgsa ,d egku ijEijk d¨ cpk, j[kuk gS-

tkiku }kjk Á'kkUr {ks= esa ;q) NsM+ fn, tkus ds ckn] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k ?kj y©V vk,- fdUrq muds y©Vus Lks igys ikiqvk U;w fxuh dh Lkqj{kk t:jh Fkh- ;g egku dk;Z fu;fer LkSfudksa ,oa mu toku tczh jax:Vksa d¨ LkkSaik x;k ftUgsa vPNk Áf'k{k.k Òh ugÈ feyk Fkk- mUgsa taxy esa] d¨d¨Mk VªSd uke Lks e'kgwj ,d Lkh/kh p<+kbZ okys] dhpM+nkj jkLrs Lks xqtjdj nq'euksa Lks yM+uk iM+k- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkSU; VqdfM+;ksa us tkikuh Lksuk dk vkxs c<+uk j¨d fn;k- cgqr Lkkjs vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa ds fy, xSfyiÿh ds ,sut+Sd dö ds LkkFk&LkkFk d¨d¨Mk VªSd Òh ,d rhFkZLFky cu x;k gS-

tkikfu;ksa }kjk bu vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa ds LkkFk fd;k x;k Øwj O;ogkj bLk ;q) dh dVqre ;knksa esa Lks gS- gkykafd vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q)cafn;ksa us ,d&nwLkjs dh ns[kÒky djus dh iwjh d¨f'k'k dh vkSj vf/kdkjh v©j vke y¨x ,d&nwLkjs ds LkkFk Lkekurk dh Òkouk Lks is'k vk,] exj fQj Òh cgqr Lkkjs vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q)cafn;ksa dh e`R;q gks xbZ-

Le`fr&fnoLk,sut+Sd fnoLk Lkekj¨gksa ds LkkFk&LkkFk Le`fr&fnoLk Òh og fnu gS tc vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨x ;q) esa Lksok djrs gq, 'kghn g¨ tkus okys O;fDr;ksa d¨ ;kn djrs gSa- 11 uoEcj ¼11oka eghuk½ ds 11 cts fnu esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x Bgjdj mu L=h&iq#"kksa ds cfynku d¨ ;kn djrs gSa ftUgsa ;q)ksa v©j Lka?k"k¨± dh ;kruk,a Lkguh iM+È] tku ls gkFk /kksuk iM+k] ;k ftUgksaus viuh Lksok,a nÈ-

ikiqvk ds ,d Lkaokgd }kjk enn ÁkIr djrk d¨d¨Mk VªSd ij ,d ?kk;y LkSfud

ÁFke fo'o;q) ds Lke; Lks gh jsM i‚iht d¨ ;knxkj ds Árhd ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk jgk gS- 1942 esa tc tkikfu;ksa us ÇLkxkiqj ds fczfV'k vÏs ij dCtk

dj fy;k] r¨ dSn fd, x, y¨xksa esa 15 000 vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkSU; VqdM+h ds y¨x Òh Fks ftUgsa Fkkb&cekZ jsyos ij dke djus ds fy, ys tk;k x;k- f}rh; fo'o;q) ds Lke; tkikfu;ksa ds vkns'k ds rgr Fkkb&cekZ jsyos ds fuekZ.k ds bLkh Lke; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa fczVsu ds gtkjksa ;q)canh ekjs x,-

gky gh esa] vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk d¨ iwoÊ frewj] bjkd] LkwMku ,oa vQxkfuLrku ds Lka?k"k¨± esa 'kkfey gük iM+k gS rFkk vÝhdk] e/;&iwoZ ,oa ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr {ks= Lkfgr nqfu;k ds vusd fgLLkksa esa mUgksaus Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kkafr&Á;kLkksa esa Òkx fy;k gS-


vkWLVªsfy;k vkrk gqvk ,d ;wjïh; vkÁokLkh

Lkj ,MokMZ ^fo;jh* Muyi [Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop] (1907-1993)

Lkj ,MokMZ ^fo;jh* Muyi (Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop) ,d cgknqj o nwLkjksa dh ijokg djus okys LktZu v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d ;q)ohj Fks-

nwLkjs fo'o;q) ds n©jku] fo;jh ,d LkSU; LktZu Fks- mUgsa v©j muds LkkfFk;ksa d¨ tkikfu;ksa }kjk dSn dj fy;k x;k rFkk Fkkb&cekZ jsyos ij dke djus ds fy, cekZ ys tk;k x;k- ;g ,d cgqr gh yEck v©j dfBu dke Fkk-

,d dekaMj ds :i esa fo;jh vius y¨xksa ds Áoäk cus jgs v©j ,d LktZu ds :i esa os mUgsa LoLFk djus esa ?kaVksa Lke; fcrkrs- dSEi esa mUgsa ;kruk,a nh xb± exj mudk Lksok&dk;Z tkjh jgk-

fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa muds ;¨xnku ds fy, 1969 esa mUgsa ûkbV* dh mikf/k nh xbZ- muds ejus ij esyc‚uZ dh xfy;ksa esa ^jsyos dk LktZu* uke ls tkus x, vius bLk ohj Lkiwr dh vaR;sf"V ns[kus ds fy, 10 000 y¨x drkj cka/ks [kM+s Fks-

1900 ds n'kd ds vkjaÒ esa vkoztu ¼ekbxzs'ku½ÁFke ,oa f}rh; fo'o;q) ds chp dh vof/k esa vkWLVªsfy;k esa Áos'k djus ds fy, Áfrca/k dh 'krZsa ykxw jgÈ- ysfdu ÁokfLk;ksa dh Lka[;k c<+us yxh Fkh] [kkLk&r©j ij nf{k.k ;wjïh; iq#"kksa dh- os vius LkkFk ubZ dq'kyrk,a] f'k{kk ,oa LkkaLÑfrd ewY; ysdj vk, Fks- mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds fodkLk rFkk LkM+dksa ,oa jsyos ds fuekZ.k ds dk;¨± esa Lkgk;rk nh- bVyh ds fuiq.k iRFkj&dkjhxjksa us gekjs LkkoZtfud Òouksa ,oa vf/kokLkksa ds fuekZ.k esa egRoiw.kZ ;¨xnku fn;k-

1930 ds n'kd ds var rd ;wjï Lks ;gwnh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds vkus dk Øe 'kq: g¨ x;k- os ukth teZuh ds [krjksa Lks cp fudyuk pkgrs Fks- os teZuh] vkWfLVª;k] psd¨Lyökfd;k] gaxjh v©j iÿSaM Lks ;gka vk,- dbZ cgqr gh mPp f'kf{kr ,oa ÁfrÒk'kkyh 'kj.kkFkÊ Fks ftUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkkaLÑfrd thou esa vikj ;¨xnku fn;k-

nwLkjs fo'o;q) esa dSn fd, x, Lk=g gtkj bVSfy;kbZ LkSfudksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k esa ;q)canh f'kfojksa esa j[kk x;k- muds LkkFk vPNk O;ogkj fd;k x;k-

gkykafd bu f'kfojksa esa os cgqr gh de fnu jgs exj mUgksaus bLk ns'k v©j ;gka ds y¨xksa ds ckjs esa cgqr&dqN tkuk&Lke>k- ;q) ds ckn] muesa Lks cgqr Lks y¨x vkÁokLkh ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k y©V vk,-

;q)¨Ÿkj 'kj.kkFkÊ;q) ds ckn] viuh vkcknh cLkkus ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k vU; ;wjïh; ns'kksa Lks ÁokfLk;ksa d¨ yk;k- yk[kksa y¨x ukth teZuh Lks Òkx pys Fks ;k vc Lk¨fo;r :Lk ds dCts esa vius x`gns'kksa esa y©Vus esa vLkeFkZ Fks- ,sLks yxÒx 170 000 cs?kj g¨ pqds y¨xksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k rkfd os ,d ubZ ftUnxh 'kq: dj Lkdsa-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa dkexkjksa dh Òh Lk[r deh Fkh- vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj d¨ yxk fd ns'k ds Òfo"; ds fy, tuLka[;k esa o`f) t:jh Fkh- 45 Lkky Lks de mez ds LoLFk o;Ld vkÁokLkh £10 esa v©j muds cPps fu:'kqYd vkWLVªsfy;k dh ;k=k dj Lkdrs Fks- ijUrq fQj Òh dsoy ;qukbVsM ÇdXMe v©j ;wjï ds y¨xksa d¨ gh ;g vuqefr ÁkIr Fkh-

vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ u;k thou nsus ds fy, iwoÊ foDV¨fj;k esa Lkeqæ esa cg tkus Lks igys Luöh unh dk ikuh Á;¨x esa ykus ds fy, 1949 esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us ,d LkkgfLkd ;¨tuk ij dke 'kq: fd;k- unh ds ty dk ekxZ ifjofrZr djds ÇLkpkbZ rFkk fctyh mRiknu ds fy, vkarfjd Òwfe esa cgus fn;k x;k- ;g ,d cgqr cM+h ifj;¨tuk Fkh ftLks iwjk djus esa 25 Lkky yx x,- bLk ifj;¨tuk esa dke djus okys LkŸkj Áfr'kr dkexkj vkÁokLkh Fks-


Luöh ioZr ty&fo|qr ;¨tuk

,d vkRefuÒZj] cgqLkkaLÑfrd ,oa LkaLkk/ku&LkEi™k ns'k ds :i esa Luöh ioZr ;¨tuk vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ Árhd gS-

;g vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkcLks cM+h bathfu;Çjx ifj;¨tuk gS- LkkFk gh] ;g nqfu;k dh o`gŸke ty&fo|qr ;¨tukvksa esa Lks ,d gS-

bLk ;¨tuk ds ek/;e Lks U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa foDV¨fj;k ds varnsZ'kh; Òkxksa esa Ñf"k&m|¨x ds fy, vR;ko';d ty dh vkiwfrZ g¨rh gS- bLkds ÅtkZ&dsUæ U;w LkkmFk osYLk ds fy, vko';d LkeLr fctyh dk 10 Áfr'kr mRikfnr djrs gSa-

Luöh ioZr ;¨tuk dk ek= 2 Áfr'kr gh tehu ds Åij fn[krk gS- bLkds varxZr 16 Áeq[k cka/ksa] Lkkr ÅtkZ&dsUæ] ,d iÇEix LVs'ku rFkk 225 fdyëhVj yEch Lkqjax] ikbiykbusa v©j tyokfgdk,a gSa-

bLk ;¨tuk ij 1949 esa dke 'kq# gqvk v©j 1974 esa LkekIr gqvk- 30 Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa ds 100 000 Lks Òh vf/kd y¨xksa us bLk ifj;¨tuk ij dke fd;k- buesa Lks LkŸkj Áfr'kr y¨x vkÁokLkh Fks- ifj;¨tuk LkekIr g¨ tkus ds ckn T;knkrj ;wjïh; Jfed vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgus ds fy, #d x, v©j mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds cgqLkkaLÑfrd Lkekt esa viuk egRoiw.kZ ;¨xnku fn;k-

Luöh ioZr ;¨tuk U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa d¨f'kmLTd¨ [Kosciuszko] us'kuy ikdZ esa fLFkr gS- ifj;¨tuk ds dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys ÁÒko ij xgu fuxjkuh j[kh tkrh gS- bLk ;¨tuk dk rkRi;Z ;g fudyk gS fd dqN txgksa ij Luöh unh vc igys ds eqdkcys dsoy 1 Áfr'kr ty gh okfgr djrh gS-

i;kZoj.k dh ÒykbZ ds fy, foDV¨fj;k ,oa U;w LkkmFk osYLk dh Lkjdkjksa us unh dk Áokg 28 Áfr'kr rd iquLFkkZfir djus dk fu'p; fd;k gS-

Luöh ioZr ;¨tuk ij dk;Zjr Jfed


tutkrh; y¨xksa dh fpfdRLkk 1940 v©j 1950 ds n'kdksa esa vkfne y¨xksa ds ckjs esa vkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj dh uhfr LkfEeJ.k dh uhfr esa cny xbZ- bLkdk eryc ;g gqvk fd tutkrh; y¨xksa d¨ mLkh rjg thou&;kiu djus d¨ dgk x;k tSLks xSj&tutkrh; y¨x jgrs Fks- exj ;g uhfr dke;kc ugÈ gqbZ D;ksafd vkfne y¨x viuh ikjEifjd LkaLÑfr d¨ [kük ugÈ pkgrs Fks-

1960 ds n'kd esa ;g uhfr ,dhdj.k dh uhfr esa cny xbZ- 1850 ds n'kd esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds T;knkrj iq#"kksa d¨ er Mkyus dk vf/kdkj fey x;k Fkk] fdUrq 1962 Lks igys rd jk"VªeaMy erkf/kdkj LkÒh tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ ÁkIr ugÈ gqvk Fkk- ,dhdj.k ds LkkFk vkfne y¨xksa d¨ ukxfjd vf/kdkj ns fn, x,] fdUrq vÒh Òh muLks ;gh vis{kk dh tkrh Fkh fd os xSj&tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLÑfr ds vuq:i jgsa-

1967 esa vkxs v©j ifjorZu gqvk] tcfd 90 Áfr'kr vkWLVªsfy;kokfLk;ksa us tux.kuk esa vkfne y¨xksa d¨ 'kkfey fd, tkus ds Lkoky ij LkdkjkRed er fn,- ;g jsQjsaMe ,d ehy dk iRFkj Lkkfcr gqvk- bLkLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dk cgqer lkeus vk;k tksfd tutkrh; y¨xksa d¨ 'kkfey djds mUgsa Òh v©j y¨xksa dh rjg gh vf/kdkj fn, tkus ds i{k esa Fkk-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds nf"Vdks.k esa vk, bLk [kqysiu v©j mLk Lke; vkfne y¨xksa dh v¨j Lks gq, foj¨/k ds QyLo:i 1970 esa tutkrh; Lofu.kZ; dh uhfr dk ekxZ Á'kLr gqvk- vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us ;g ckr eku yh v©j bLks ekU;rk ns nh xbZ fd tutkrh; y¨xksa ds jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] Lkkekftd ,oa LkkaLÑfrd fodkLk esa mudh viuh ckr pyuh pkfg,-

vkoztu ¼ekbxzs'ku½ & ,d Øfed ifjorZu 1950 ,oa 1960 ds n'kdksa esa ,f'k;kbZ Lkeqnk;] ppZ ,oa Lkkekftd Lkewgksa us feydj ^'osr vkWLVªsfy;k* uhfr LkekIr djus ds fy, foj¨/k&Án'kZu fd,-

1958 esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us Jqrys[k ijh{kk LkekIr dj nh v©j 1966 esa pqfuUnk xSj&;wjïh; y¨xksa ,oa fuiq.k ,f'k;kbZ vkÁokfLk;ksa ds fy, }kj [kÿ fn,- vkf[kjdkj] vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa us gekjs vkoztu dk;ZØe esa LkÒh ns'kksa d¨ Lkf™kfgr djus ds ewY; d¨ ekU;rk Ánku dh- 1973 esa ^'osr vkWLVªsfy;k* uhfr LkekIr g¨ xbZ v©j vc ns'k cgqLkaLÑfrokn ds iFk ij py iM+k-

1973 esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us vkoztu ds fy, LkÒh uLyh; 'kr¨± d¨ gVk fn;k- 1975 esa fo;ruke ;q) ds ckn vkWLVªsfy;k us cgqr Òkjh iSekus ij ,f'k;kbZ 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa vkÁokfLk;ksa d¨ Lohdkj fd;k-

buesa Lks T;knkrj y¨x fo;ruke ds Fks] exj phu v©j Òkjr ds vkÁokLkh Òh Òkjh Lka[;k esa vkus yxs-

1975 Lks ysdj vkWLVªsfy;k c¨fLu;k v©j gtsZx¨fouk rFkk e/;&iwoZ ,oa vÝhdk Lkfgr dbZ ;q)&ttZj ns'kksa Lks vk, 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa d¨ Lohdkj djus yxk- orZeku esa gekjs vkÁokLkh nqfu;k Òj Lks ;gka vkrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k LkÒh ÒwÒkxksa Lks vk, y¨xksa dk jk"Vª cu x;k gS] t¨fd vk/kqfud nqfu;k dh ,d cM+h LkQyrk gS- 1945 Lks ysdj vcrd 6.5 fefy;u y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k vk pqds gSa- buesa Lks ,d p©FkkbZ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa dk tUe ckgj ds ns'kksa esa gqvk Fkk-

bu vkÁokfLk;ksa us vkWLVªsfy;k vkdj jgus ,oa gekjs LkkekU; thou&ewY;ksa d¨ Lkk>k djus dk fu'p; fd;k gS- os vkWLVªsfy;kbZ thou ds cgqjaxh ifj–'; d¨ v©j vf/kd Lke`) cukrs gSa-

Lkekos'kvc vkWLVªsfy;k ,d cgqLkkaLÑfrd jk"Vª cu x;k gS tgka viuh&viuh vkLFkkvksa ds vuqLkkj O;ogkj djus ,oa dkuwu ds nk;js esa viuh LkkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa ds vuqikyu dk gj O;fä dk vf/kdkj LkEekfur ,oa Lkajf{kr gS-

orZeku vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkekos'k dh ,d dk;Z'khy uhfr gS ftLkesa gj Átkfr dk gj O;fä ;g vuqÒo dj ikrk gS fd og bLkh Lkekt dk ,d vax gS- ;g uhfr vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLÑfr ds gj igyw esa LkekbZ gqbZ gS- ;g cpiu Lks ysdj fo'ofo|ky; rd dh f'k{kk esa gekjs 'kS{kf.kd ikB~;Øe dk ,d vax gS rFkk bLkdk ikyu gekjs dk;ZLFkyksa ,oa Lksok-m|¨x rd esa fd;k tkrk gS-

gj O;fä d¨ Lkekurk ds vk/kkj ij v©j fcuk fdLkh ÒsnÒko ds O;ogkj ikus dk gd vkWLVªsfy;k ds ekuokf/kdkj vk;¨x ,oa ÁR;sd jkT; ,oa Áns'k dh Lkjdkjksa }kjk Lkajf{kr gS- uLyh; ÒsnÒko dh LkkoZtfud fuUnk dh tkrh gS v©j og dkuwu ds varxZr ,d vijk/k gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k LohÑfr v©j LkejLkrk ij vk/kkfjr ,d cgqLkkaLÑfrd Lkekt cu x;k gS- ;g ,d ,sLkk ns'k gS tgka vkÁokLkh] tutkrh; y¨x ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa tUesa vU; y¨x 'kkafriwoZd vius&vius y{;ksa dk Lora=rkiwoZd vuqxeu dj Lkdrs gSa- ;g og txg gS tgka vrhr ds >xM+ksa v©j Áfr'k¨/k Òkoukvksa d¨ ihNs /kdsyk tk Lkdrk gS-


vYcVZ uSeRtkbjk [Albert Namatjira] (1902-1959)

vYcVZ ukekRthjk vkWWLVªsfy;k ds egku dykdkjksa esa ls ,d gSa ftUgksaus fp=dkjh ds ,d Ldwy dh LFkkiuk dh tks vkt Hkh py jgk gS-

,d ;qok ,sjUVZ iq#"k ds :i esa vYcVZ us isÇUVx ds {ks= esa viuh Lkgt ÁfrÒk fn[kykbZ-

gkykafd mUgsa cgqr gh de v©ipkfjd Áf'k{k.k izkIr gqvk Fkk] fdUrq vkWLVªsfy;k ds xkaoksa ds ckjs esa cuk, x, muds okVjdyj fp= cgqr gh y¨dfÁ; gq, v©j cgqr gh tYn Lkkjs ds Lkkjs fcd x,-

os v©j mudh iRuh vkWLVªsfy;k ds igys vkfne&Átkrh; O;fä Fks ftUgsa ukxfjd cuus dh vuqefr feyh- bLkdk eryc ;g Fkk fd os er ns Lkdrs Fks] g¨Vyksa esa Áos'k ik Lkdrs Fks v©j tgka etÊ g¨ ogka viuk ?kj cuk Lkdrs Fks- vYcVZ d¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk fey tkus Lks bLk rF; ij Ádk'k iM+k fd vU; vkfne y¨xksa d¨ ;s vf/kdkj ÁkIr ugÈ Fks-

muds thou Lks xSj&tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ uLyoknh dkuwuksa dh vuhfr dk Kku gqvk v©j bLkLks vkfne Átkfr ds y¨xksa ds thou esa ifjorZu ykus dk ekxZ Á'kLr gqvk-

,Ïh eSc¨ [Eddie Mabo] (1936-1992)

,Ïh eSc¨ ,d Lkkekftd dk;ZdrkZ rFkk tutkrh; y¨xksa ds Òwfe ij vf/kdkj ds ckjs esa cÿus okys Áoäk Fks-

,Ïh d¨bdh eSc¨ [Eddie Koiki Mabo] dk tUe eSc¨ oa'k dh ikjEifjd /kjrh eqjsZ }hi [Murray Island] ij gqvk Fkk- cpiu Lks gh mUgsa crk fn;k x;k Fkk fd d©u Lks isM+ v©j pÍkusa mudh ikfjokfjd Òwfe dh Lkhek cka/krh Fkha-

cgqr o"k¨± ds ckn ,Ïh dks ;g irk pyk fd vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dkuwu ds rgr mudh tehu ^Økmu ySaM* ekuh tkrh Fkh v©j og muds ifjokj dh LkEifŸk ugÈ Fkh- mUgksaus vius Ø¨/k d¨ ,d fØ;kRed :i ns fn;k v©j eqjsZ }hi [Murray Island] ds y¨xksa dh v¨j Lks dpgjh esa viuk igyk ijh{k.k eqdnek is'k djus py fn,-

dbZ Lkkyksa ckn 1992 esa ,Ïh us mPp U;k;ky; esa eqdnek thr fy;k- eSc¨ U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; esa ;g dgk x;k fd ;fn tutkrh; y¨x ;g Lkkfcr dj nsa fd viuh tehu Lks mudk Lkrr ikjEifjd LkEca/k cuk jgk Fkk] r¨ vU;:is.k nkok u fd, x, güs dh fLFkfr esa os mLk Òwfe ij LokfeRo dk nkok B¨d Lkdrs Fks- bLk fu.kZ; ds dkj.k cM+s iSekus ij Òwfe;ka muds ewy Lokfe;ksa d¨ y©Vk nh xb±-

,Ïh eSc¨ d¨ mLkds LkkgLk rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨xksa ds fy, Òwfe dk vf/kdkj gkfLky djus ds dkj.k ;kn j[kk tkrk gS-

M‚- foDVj pkax [Dr Victor Chang] (1936 - 1991)

M‚- foDVj pkax vkWLVªsfy;k ds csgrjhu gkVZ&LktZuksa esa Lks ,d Fks-

foDVj ihVj pkax ;ke fge dk tUe 1936 esa phu esa gqvk Fkk v©j os 15 Lkky ds mez esa gh vkWLVªsfy;k vk x, Fks-

mUgksaus fLkMuh ds LksaV foULksaV g‚LihVy [St. Vincent’s Hospital] esa dke fd;k] tgka 1984 esa mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k esa ân;&ÁR;kjï.k ds ÁFke dsUæ dh LFkkiuk dh- 1986 esa foDVj pkax d¨ ^dEisfu;u vkWQ fn vkWMZj vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k* cuk;k x;k] t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lko ZPp iqjLdkj gS-

foDVj bLk ckr Lks ijs'kku jgrs Fks fd nku&nkrkvksa dh Lka[;k cM+h de gS- bLkfy, mUgksaus Ñf=e ân; cukus dk dke 'kq: fd;k- 1991 esa tcfd cM+s nq[kn rjhds Lks mudh gR;k dj nh xbZ] ;g dke yxÒx iwjk g¨ pyk Fkk-

mudh Le`fr esa ,d u;k 'k¨/kdsUæ [kÿk x;k gS- mUgsa muds vuqÒoksa] mudh vk'kkokfnrk v©j mudh ubZ Lkw> ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-


tutkrh; y¨x & ifjorZu ds n¨ n'kd1960 ds n'kd esa u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa oso fgy [Wave Hill] dSVy LVs'ku esa gq, xqÇjMth gM+rky [Gurindji Strike] ds ek/;e Lks Òwfe&vf/kdkjksa d¨ ysdj vkfne tkfr;ksa dk foj¨/k vke y¨xksa dh utj ds Lkkeus vk;k- foULksaV Çyft;kjh [Vincent Lingiari] ds usr`Ro esa vkfne tkfr ds i'kqikyd dSVy LVs'ku ds dke Lks gM+rky ij pys x,- mudk foj¨/k osru v©j dk;Z&n'kkvksa Lks LkEcaf/kr Fkk] ijUrq ckn esa og Òwfe&vf/kdkj dk eLkyk cu x;k- mudh LkfØ;rk us ,Ïh eSc¨ ,oa vU; y¨xksa d¨ tutkrh; y¨xksa ds Òwfe&vf/kdkjksa ds fy, Lka?k"kZ djus dh Ásj.kk nh-

vkfne tkfr Òwfe vf/kdkj ¼u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh½ vf/kfu;e 1976 ds varxZr vkfne y¨xksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkmVcSdksa esa tehu ds cM+s&cM+s VqdM+s ns fn, x, Fks- 1990 ds n'kd ds vkjaÒ esa eSc¨ ds mPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ,oa ^usfVo VkbfVy ,sDV* 1993 esa ;g ekU;rk nh xbZ fd tutkrh; y¨xksa dk] muds vius ikjEifjd fu;eksa v©j ijEijkvksa ds vk/kkj ij] tehu ij nkok curk Fkk- vkWLVªsfy;k dh dqy tehu dk 10 Áfr'kr Lks Òh vf/kd fgLLkk e©twnk Lke; esa usfVo VkbfVy ds fu/kkZj.k ds varxZr vkrk gS- ;gka vkt Òh ikjEifjd Lkekt ds igyw e©twn gSa- tutkrh; LkaLÑfr vÒh Òh Qy&Qwy jgh gS v©j o`gŸkj Lkekt }kjk Á'kafLkr gS-

ebZ 1997 esa ^fczÇUxx nse g¨e* ¼mudh ?kj&okiLkh½ fji¨VZ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLkn esa is'k dh xbZ- ;g fji¨VZ Òkjh Lka[;k esa vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh cPpksa d¨ muds ifjokjksa Lks vyx fd, tkus LkEca/kh ,d tkap ds ÁR;qŸkj esa is'k dh xbZ Fkh- bu cPpksa d¨ ^pqjk yh xbZ ih<+h* ds uke Lks tkuk x;k- fji¨VZ ds ifj.kkeLo:i gtkjksa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa us vius bu tutkrh; ckU/koksa ds Áfr viuk LkeFkZu trkrs gq, 1998 esa ÁFke jk"Vªh; ^“kksd fnoLk* ij ,d in;k=k fudkyh-

^pqjk yh xbZ ih<+h* Lks {kek&;kpuk] 200813 Qjojh 2008 d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds Á/kkuea=h us vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa ^pqjk yh xbZ ihf<+;ksa* Lks jk"Vª dh v¨j Lks {kek ekaxh- mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa dh v¨j Lks c;ku fn;k- mUgksaus bLk ckr ij [ksn trk;k fd chrs gq, Lke; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨xksa ds LkkFk bLk rjg dk O;ogkj fd;k x;k- bu tutkrh; cPpksa d¨ ftLk rjg Lks muds ekrk&firk Lks vyx dj fn;k x;k Fkk] bLk ckr ij mUgksaus [kkLk&r©j ij [ksn ÁdV fd;k-

mudk Òk"k.k jsfM;¨ v©j Vsfyfotu ij ÁLkkfjr fd;k x;k- bLk “kksd vfÒÒk"k.k d¨ Lkquus vkWLVªsfy;k ds gtkjksa y¨x LkkoZtfud LFkkuksa v©j vius dk;ZLFkyksa ij tek gq,- Òk"k.k esa Lkjdkjh r©j ij fiNys vU;k;ksa dh Lkwph nh xbZ v©j muds fy, ekQh ekaxh xbZ- tutkrh; y¨xksa ds fnyksa ds ?kko Òjus v©j ;g vk'oklu nsus dh fn'kk esa ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ dne Fkk fd vkxs Lks bLk rjg ds vU;k; ugÈ gksaxs- ;g [ksn&Òk"k.k vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa ds fy, fodkLk dh v¨j vxzLkj ,d egRoiw.kZ dne Fkk-

LdkbjkbVj fLkMuh ds vkdk'k ij ^Lk‚jh* ¼[ksn gS½ fy[krk gqvk

orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku LFkkfir djus esa tutkrh; y¨xksa ds vewY; ;¨xnku d¨ ekU;rk nh tkrh gS v©j mLkij [kq'kh ÁdV dh tkrh gS- U;k;&Á.kkyh] jktuhfr] dyk ,oa [ksydwn Lkfgr LkeLr vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dk;Zcy ds vUnj vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨x Áeq[k v¨gnksa ij gSa- MARVIN Á¨xzke] t¨fd fMftVy ,fues'ku ds {ks= esa vkfnokfLk;ksa dk vkfo"dkj gS] dbZ iqjLdkj ÁkIr dj pqdk gS v©j nqfu;k ds chLk Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa ds 'kS{kf.kd rFkk O;koLkkf;d LkaLFkkvksa esa mLkdk mi;¨x fd;k tkrk gS-

Lkkjka'kbu i™kksa esa vkid¨ gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkk dh egt ,d >yd fn[kykbZ xbZ gS- vkid¨ yxk g¨xk fd bLk u, Kku Lks vius bLk okrkoj.k ds ckjs esa vkid¨ v©j vf/kd tkx#drk izkIr gqbZ gS- vc 'kk;n vki iqjkus Òouksa ij vafdr frfFk;ksa d¨ ns[kuk 'kq: djus yxsaxs v©j mUgsa ,sfrgkfLkd ifjÁs{; esa j[kus yxsaxs- tc vkid¨ 11 uoEcj d¨ i‚ih /kkj.k djus d¨ fn;k tk,xk] r¨ vkidks ;g irk jgsxk fd ;g gekjs 'kghn g¨ x, LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"kksa dh ;knxkj ds :i esa gS- tc vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨xksa Lks feysaxs] r¨ vki mUgsa ekxZnf'kZr djus okyh Ákphu LkaLÑfr;ksa ds c¨/k Lks Òj mBsaxs- ge vkid¨ Á¨RLkkfgr djrs gSa fd vki LFkkuh; LkaLkk/kuksa dk mi;¨x ,oa ;k=kvksa ds ek/;e Lks vius bLk Kku d¨ v©j vf/kd foLr`r djsa- vki ftruh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxs] mruk gh T;knk /;ku nsaxs-

ge vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk esa vkidk Lokxr djrs gSa v©j vius 'kkafriw.kZ y¨drkaf=d ns'k esa vkid¨ iwjh rjg Òkxhnkj cuus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrs gSa-


xSj&ijh{k.kh; [kaM dh 'kCnkoyh jktnwrog O;fä t¨ fdLkh ns'k dk Áfrfuf/k g¨ ;k fdLkh dk;Z d¨ izksRlkgu ns

c¨MZ ¼eaMy½fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, pqus x, y¨xksa dk Lkewg] tSLks ;g fd fdLkh dEiuh dk Lkapkyu dSLks fd;k tk,

c¨ÇMZx Ldwyog Ldwy tgka Nk= fuokl dj ds i<+kbZ djrs gSa v©j iwjh Ldwy&vof/k rd ?kj ugÈ y©Vrs gSa-

cq'kvkWLVªsfy;k ds xzkehu {ks= t¨ vÒh Òh viuh ÁkÑfrd n'kk esa gSa

tUrq dsUæ ¼dSVy LVs'ku½cM+k QkeZ tgka ekaLk&mRiknu ds fy, tkuoj j[ks tkrs gSa-

Ák:i ¼pkVZj½vf/kdkjksa v©j nkf;Roksa ds ckjs esa fyf[kr nLrkost

oa'k ¼x¨=½jä&LkEca/k ;k fookg ds vk/kkj ij ijLij tqM+s y¨xksa dk Lkewg] t¨ ,d gh {ks= esa jgrs gksa

LkkekU; vk/kkjvfÒ#fp dk Lkk>k {ks=

tczh jax:Vog LkSfud t¨ Lksuk esa vius eu Lks u vk;k gks] cfYd ;q) dh fLFkfr esa mLks cgky g¨uk iM+k gks

Økmu ySaMLkjdkj dh Òwfe

ikB~;Øev/;;u d¨LkZ

NfjæftLkds ikLk /ku u g¨] u gh /ku&ÁkfIr ds mik;

fMtjhMw [didgeridoo]vkfne vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dk ,d ok|;a= t¨ yEch] [k¨[kyh ydM+h Lks cuk g¨rk gS

Lk}Óogkjgj fdLkh dh csgrjh ds fy, Lkeqfpr ;k cjkcjh dk e©dk

fu"i{krkfdLkh Lkewg ds dk;Z&Á;kLkksa esa vPNh lkewfgd&Òkouk ,oa Lkcds ykÒ ds fy, cus fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, Òkx ysuk

'kghn LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k;q) ;k yM+kbZ esa ekjs x, LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k

fuekZ.kfuekZ.k ;k l`tu djuk

Lkdy ?kjsyw mRiknfdLkh ns'k esa Lkky&Òj ds vUnj mRikfnr oLrqvksa v©j Lksokvksa dk dqy ewY;

xeZ gokcgqr T;knk xeZ e©Lke] t¨ fnuksa Lks T;knk fVds

vfr jktæ¨g,d xaÒhj vijk/k ftLkesa Lkjdkj dh r[rkiyV djus dh Lkkft'k 'kkfey g¨

xSj&ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx dh 'kCnkoyh 73

ÁrhdkRed tutkrh; fp=og dyk t¨ tutkrh; y¨xksa dh fof'k"V ifjpk;d vkSj izfrfuf/k g¨

Òw{ks=Òwfe dk {ks=

ehy dk iRFkjd¨bZ egRoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfLkd ?kVuk

usfVo VkbfVyvkWLVªsfy;k dh dkuwu&Á.kkyh ds varxZr fu.kZ; fd, x, vuqLkkj] ty v©j LFky ij tutkrh; y¨xksa dk ikjEifjd vf/kdkj

e©f[kd bfrgkLkchrs gq, Lke; dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa y¨xksa dh e©f[kd Le`fr

vxzxkehvkjafÒd mifuosf'k;ksa esa Lks ,d] v©ifuosf'kd vkcknh ds vkjafÒd fnuksa esa fdLkh {ks= esa dke;kch ikus okyk O;fä

jktuhfrd Áfrfuf/kRoLkaLkn esa fdLkh jktusrk ds ek/;e Lks Áfrfuf/kRo

fjt+oZLkjdkj }kjk vkfnokLkh y¨xksa ds jgus ds fy, LkqLkajf{kr Òwfe&{ks=

LktkfdLkh vijk/kh }kjk Ò¨xh xbZ naM dh vof/k

osru&fu/kkZj.k;g r; djuk fd deZpkfj;ksa d¨ dke ds ,ot esa fdruh etnwjh feysxh

Lkekt Lkq/kkjLkekt esa Økafr ds cnys ugÈ cfYd Øfed ifjorZu }kjk Lkq/kkj ykuk

jkT; vaR;sf"Vns'k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ ;¨xnku djus okys O;fä ds LkEeku esa Lkjdkj }kjk vk;¨ftr vaR;sf"V

dB?ksjkydM+h ds [kaÒksa vkfn Lks cuk Áfrj{kd ?ksjk

i'kqikydtkuojksa dh ns[kÒky ds fy, fu;qä O;fä

gM+rkytc deZpkjh dke djuk can dj nsrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdLkh fu;¨äk ds QSLkys ds foj¨/k esa

erkf/kdkjy¨d pqukoksa esa er Mky Lkdus dk vf/kdkj

'kiFk&xzg.k v©ipkfjd Lkekj¨g }kjk Lkjdkjh foÒkx ds nkf;Ro&Lkapkyu ds fy, Lohdkj fd;k tkuk

is'k fd;k x;kLkaLkn esa cgLk ;k LohÑfr ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd :i Lks ÁLrqr] tSLks% d¨bZ fji¨VZ is'k fd;k tkuk

thou ds {ks=lkekftd vofLFkfr ;k i`"BHkwfe] dk;Z] in


v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrkvkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuus ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk osclkbV www.citizenship.gov.au. ij Tkk,¡-

vkWLVªsfy;kvki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh vius LFkkuh; iqLrdky; Lks ÁkIr dj Lkdrs gSa- vfrfjä tkudkjh bu oscLkkbVksa Lks Òh ÁkIr dh tk Lkdrh gS%

• vkWLVªsfy;k % Lka{ksi esa www.dfat.gov.au/aib

• LkaLÑfr ,oa eu¨jatu i¨VZy www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au

vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ,oa lsok,avkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ,oa lsokvksa ds ckjs esa vki bl osclkbV ls tkudkjh izkIr dj ldrs gSa% www.australia.gov.au.

laÄh; lkaln ;k lhusVjvkids jkT; ;k çns'k ds LFkkuh; lkaln ;k lhusVj ds ikl vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØeksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ckjs esa foLr`r lwpuk,a miyC/k gSa-

lkalnksa ,oa lhusVjksa dh lwph www.aph.gov.au. ij ns[kh tk ldrh gS

vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds laxBubl lalk/ku iqLrd esa mfYyf[kr vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ ljdkj ds laxBuksa ds ckjs esa vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh vki fuEukafdr osclkbVksa ls çkIr dj ldrs gSa%

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Áfrj{kk Lksuk www.defence.gov.au [Australian Defence Force]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ fuokZpu vk;¨x www.aec.gov.au [Australian Electoral Commission]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lka?kh; iqfyLk www.afp.gov.au [Australian Federal Police]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ekuo vf/kdkj vk;¨x www.humanrights.gov.au [Australian Human Rights Commission]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ [ksy vk;ksx www.ausport.gov.au [Australian Sports Commission]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dj fu/kkZj.k dk;kZy; www.ato.gov.au [Australian Taxation Office]

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q) Lekjd www.awm.gov.au [Australian War Memorial]

• vkWLVªsfy;k dk fjt+oZ cSad www.rba.gov.au [Reserve Bank of Australia]

v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, 75

xSj&Lkjdkjh LkaxBubLk lalk/ku iqLrd esa mfYyf[kr xSj&Lkjdkjh LkaxBuksa ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh vki fuEukafdr oscLkkbVksa Lks ÁkIr dj Lkdrs gSa%

• czSMeSu QkmaMs'ku vkWLVªsfy;k www.bradman.com.au [Bradman Foundation Australia]

• gSefyu fQLP;qyk baVjus'kuy www.fistulatrust.org [Hamlin Fistula International]

• j‚;y ¶ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k [Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia] www.flyingdoctor.net

• Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j [School of the Air] www.schoolair-p.schools.nsw.edu.au

• Lu¨oh ioZr ty&fo|qr Ákf/kdj.k [Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority] www.snowyhydro.com.au

• fn ÝsM g‚y¨t QkmaMs'ku www.hollows.org.au [The Fred Hollows Foundation]

• ;wusLd¨ fo'o /kj¨gj dsUæ whc.unesco.org [UNESCO World Heritage Centre]

• Lka;qä jk"Vª [United Nations] www.un.org

• foDVj pkax dkfMZ;d fjLkpZ baLVhP;wV www.victorchang.edu.au [Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute]

• o‚yaVh;Çjx vkWLVªsfy;k [Volunteering Australia] www.volunteeringaustralia.org

vU;fuEukafdr fo"k;ksa ij v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEukafdr oscLkkbVksa ij [kkst djsa %

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku www.aph.gov.au/senate/general/constitution

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ vkWQ fn b;j ,okM~LkZ www.australianoftheyear.org.au

• fczÇUxx nse g¨e fji¨VZ www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/ index.html

• jk"VªeaMy m|ku ,oa vH;kj.; www.environment.gov.au/parks/index.html

• ÁfLk) vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd % fn vkWLVªsfy;u http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm fMD'kujh vkWQ ck;¨xzkQh vkWuykbu ,fM'ku

• LkaLkn ds Lke{k is'k e©twnk fo/ks;dksa dh Lkwph www.aph.gov.au/bills/index.htm

• vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn www.aph.gov.au

• LkaLknh; f'k{kk Lksok,a www.peo.gov.au

• LkkoZtfud vodk'k www.australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and figures/public-holidays

• ^pqjk yh xbZ ih<+h* Lks {kek&;kpuk www.abc.net.au/news/events/apology/text.htm


vkHkkjfuEukafdr fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; vfÒys[kkxkj ls lkÒkj fy, x, gSa%p42 - HksM+ pjkrs cPps NSW & Ldwy vkWWQ fn ,;j] 1962 esa fy;k x;k fp= (lanÒZ% A1200:L42511)

p51 - O;fäRo & fMd fLeFk] ukxfjd mÏ;u çkf/kdj.k ds v/;{k] 1991 (lanÒZ% A6135:K23/5/91/1)

p56 - VleSu fufeZr vkWWLVªsfy;k dk uD'kk] 1644 (lanÒZ% A1200:L13381)

p59 - 1851 esa vkWWLVªsfy;k esa Lo.kZ&gksM+ ds ,sfrgkfld fp= (lanÒZ% A1200:L84868)

p60 - varnZs'kh; vkWWLVªsfy;k esa dke djrs *vQxku* ,oa muds ÅaV (lanÒZ% A6180:25/5/78/62)

p67 - O;fäRo & lj ,MokMZ *fo;jh* Muyi vius dk;kZy; esa] 1986 (lanÒZ% A6180:1/9/86/12)

p67 - vkoztu & vkWWLVªsfy;k esa vkçokfl;ksa dk vkxeu & ds;UlZ esa ¶ySfefu;k tgkt ij bVSfy;kbZ dsu&dVlZ] 1955 (lanÒZ% A12111:1/1955/4/97)

fuEukafdr fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; ls lkÒkj fy, x, gSa%p18 - tSjsek Iysl] flfod] dSucjk esa vk;ksftr ;q)&fojks/kh fojks/k jSyh ds oäkvksa dks lquus ds fy, ,df=r çn'kZudkjh & 15

Qjojh 2003] fp=% xzsx ikoj (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3063592)

p44 - T;qfMFk jkbV dk js[kkadu] 1940 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an29529596)

p52 - vkpsg] baMksusf'k;k] esa lqukeh ds ckn fd, x, jkgr dk;Z ds nkSjku vkWWLVªsfy;u çfrj{kk lsukdfeZ;ksa dk Lokxr djrÈ baMksusf'k;k dh vkSjrsa] 30 fnlEcj 2004] fp=% MSu gaV (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3510861)

p56 - flMuh dkso esa igyk csM+k] tuojh 27] 1788] tkWu ,sydkWV }kjk l`ftr 1888 & 1973 (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an7891482)

p57 - dSjksfyu fØlgkWe dk js[kkfp=] FkkWel Qs;jySaM }kjk çdkf'kr 1804 - 1852 (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an9193363)

p58 - dwilZ Øhd esa cdZs ,oa foYl dh okilh] fudksyl 'ksoSfy;j }kjk l`ftr 1828 - 1902 rFkk 1868 esa çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an2265463)

p61 - dSFkjhu gsysu LisUl dk js[kkfp=] 1980 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an14617296)

p63 - tkWu flEilu ddZiSfVªd vkSj mldk x/kk] xSfyiksyh] 1915 (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an24601465)

p65 - lj pkYlZ ,MokMZ fdaXlQksMZ fLeFk dk js[kkfp=] 1919 vkSj 1927 ds chp çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3302805)

p70 - geZUlcxZ fe'ku esa vYcVZ usesRtkbjk dk js[kkfp=] vkFkZj xzwe }kjk 1946 ;k 1947 esa çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an23165034)

pkSng foÜo&/kjksgjksa ds LFky&fp= i;kZoj.k] Tky] /kjksgj ,oa dyk foÒkx ,oa fuEukafdr O;fä;ksa ls lkÒkj çkIr%p40 - vkWWLVªsfy;u QkWfly&eSey lkbV ds QksVksxzkQ dkWfyu VkWVjMsy }kjk

p40 - Cyw ekmaVsUl us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ ekdZ ekWgsy }kjk

p40 - Ýstj }hi ds QksVksxzkQ 'kSuu E;wj }kjk

p40 - xksaMokuk o"kkZ&ou] vkWWLVªsfy;k ds QksVksxzkQ ikWy dSaMfyu }kjk

p40 - dSdsMq us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ lSyh xzhuos }kjk

vkÒkj 77

p40 - ykWMZ gkW }hi ds QksVksxzkQ fefyUMk czkmvj }kjk

p40 - eSDok;j }hi ds QksVksxzkQ fefyUMk czkmvj }kjk

p41 - iU;Zqyqyq jk"Vªh; ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ jkWM gkVZfoXlsu }kjk

p41 - jkW;y ,Dthfc'ku fcfYMax ,oa dkyZVu xkMZsUl ds QksVksxzkQ ekbdsy eSdkWys }kjk

p41 - 'kkdZ cs ds QksVksxzkQ dsfy E;qysu }kjk

p41 - rLekfu;k ds chgM+ ds QksVksxzkQ fudksyk czkbMsu }kjk

p41 - myq#&dSVk Rtqrk us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ ,saMª~;w gfpUlu }kjk

p41 - DohalySaM ds vkæZ dfVca/k ¼osV VªkWfiDl½ ds QksVksxzkQ dkWfyu VkWVjMsy }kjk

p41 - foySaMªk >hy {ks= ds QksVksxzkQ ekdZ ekWgsy }kjk

fuEukafdr fp= iStockphoto ds lkStU; ls çkIr gq, gSa% ÝaV doj & oSVy] ©iStockphoto.com/Ressy (lanÒZ% 3322510)

p14 - vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ CySd vksiy] ©iStockphoto.com/Alicat (lanÒZ% 8323912)

p22 - laln Òou] ©iStockphoto.com/Tim Starkey (lanÒZ% 2256743)

p22 - xSosy ,saM cqd] ©iStockphoto.com/Dem10 (lanÒZ% 2397687)

p27 - vkfFkZd xzkQ ij ds flôs] ©iStockphoto.com/Robyn Mackenzie (lanÒZ% 2335549)

p27 - MkWDVj fy[krk gqvk] ©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Arranz (lanÒZ% 6498434)

p38 - ckSaMh chp] ©iStockphoto.com/Edd Westmacott (lanÒZ% 3048786)

p38 - fdaXl dkWu;u] ©iStockphoto.com/Francois Marclay (lanÒZ% 5733853)

p51 - ykSg v;Ld [kku dk jhDysej] ©iStockphoto.com/Christian Uhrig (lanÒZ% 9819736)

p54 - fMtjhMwt] ©iStockphoto.com/Adam Booth (lanÒZ% 834207)

p55 - vkfnoklh jkWd vkVZ & lSjsVksxk fQ'k] ©iStockphoto.com/Alpen Gluehen (lanÒZ% 2761924)

ckdh lÒh fp= fuEukafdr laLFkkvksa@O;fä;ksa ls lkÒkj çkIr gq, gSa%p8 - cjsokax ikEl ds ¶yksj dofjax ds lkFk LikWVsM xEl] eqjZseSjkax us'kuy ikdZ] NSW QksVksxzkQ % MSfj;ks iksLVkbZ

p20 - cSyV ckWDl esa er Mkyrk gqvk O;fä- fp= lkStU;% foDVksfj;k dk fuokZpu vk;ksx

p24 - dkWeuosYFk vkWWLVªsfy;k lafo/kku vf/kfu;e 1900% ewy lkoZtfud vfÒys[k çfrfyfi] fp= lkStU;% fx¶Vl laxzg] laln Òou dyk laxzg] lalnh; lsok,a foÒkx] dSucjk ACT

p27 - drkj esa cSBs cPps] fp= lkStU;% xsVh bestst] QksVksxzkQ% esy ;sVl

p28 - mPp U;k;ky; ds fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds mPp U;k;ky; ds lkStU; ls

p40 - fcx csu gMZ }hi fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfy;u vaVkdZfVd fMohtu] vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy © Commonwealth of Australia] QksVksxzkQ% ,y- bZ- yktZ (lanÒZ%1892A2)

p40 - xzsV cSfj;j jhQ fp= lkStU; % xzsV cSfj;j jhQ eSjkbu ikdZ vkWWFkksfjVh

p41 - flMuh vksisjk gkml fp= lkStU;% flVh vkWWQ flMuh] QksVksxzkQ% iSfVªd fcaÄe&gkWy


vkÒkjp43 - vkWWLVªsfy;u oqesUl us'kuy QqVckWy Vhe ¼eSfVYMkt½] fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfybZ [ksy vk;ksx

p44 - lj MksukYM czSMeSu fp= lkStU;% czSMeSu E;qft;e vkWWQ fØdsV- lj MksukYM czSMeSu viuk vkWWLVªsfy;u VsLV dSi igus gq,] QksVksxzkQ 1931-32 vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ lhtu esa fy;k x;k

p45 - çksQslj ÝsM gkWykst] fp= lkStU;% ÝsM gkWykst QkmaMs'ku] QksVksxzkQ% ÝSad ok;ksyh

p50 - flMuh gkcZj ds Åij uo o"kZ dh vkfr'kckth] fp= lkStU;% flVh vkWWQ+ flMuh

p52 - MkW- dSFkjhu gSefyu AC fp= lkStU;% gSefyu fQLP;qyk fjyhQ ,saM ,M QaM

p61 - ykWMZ ySfeaXVu QsMsjs'ku Ms ij ÒhM+ dks lacksf/kr djrs gq,] fczLcsu] 1901] fp= lkStU;% LVsV yk;czsjh DohalySaM] QksVksxzkQ% ,p- MCY;w- ekWClckb (lanÒZ% 47417)

p65 - lwi fdpsu fp= lkStU;% LVsV yk;czsjh vkWWQ U;w lkmFk osYl ¼fe'ksy yk;czsjh½- Ldwyh cPps ,d drkj esa [kM+s lwi vkSj czsM Lykbl ds bartkj esa] csyeksj ukWFkZ ifCyd Ldwy] NSW] 2 vxLr 1934] QksVksxzkQ% lSe gqM (lanÒZ% H&A 4368)

p66 - dksdksMk VªSd fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfy;u okj eseksfj;y] (lanÒZ% 014028)

p66 - vkWWLVªsfy;u okWj eseksfj;y esa yky ikWiht] QksVksxzkQ% Vksjh fczEl

p70 - MkW- foDVj pkax fp= lkStU;% fn foDVj pkax dkfMZ;d fjlpZ baLVhP;wV

p70 - ,Ïh eScks dk fp= cfuZVk ,oa xsy eScks dh vuqefr ls iqu%çLrqr

4 orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k · Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 43 vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku vkWLVªsfy;k...

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Transcript of 4 orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k · Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 43 vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku vkWLVªsfy;k...