4. IJZR - Inventory of Arthropods From Three Different Types of Palm

8/20/2019 4. IJZR - Inventory of Arthropods From Three Different Types of Palm

1/12

www.tjprc.org [email protected]

INVENTORY OF ARTHROPODS FROM THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PALM

GROVES IN THE REGION OF SOUF (EL OUED, ALGERIA)

KARIMA BRAHMI1, SAID SLIMANI1, DALALE DARKI.² & ET SALLAHEDINE DOUMANDJI3

1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Biological Sciences, Department of

Biology University Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou Algeria

2Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Biological Sciences, Department of

Agricultural Science, University Kasdi Merbeh Ouargla Algeria3 Department of Zoology, National School of Agronomy of El Harrache Alger, Algiers

ABSTRACT

The current study aims to establish an inventory of arthropods from three types of palm plantations in the

region of Souf (33°-34° N and 6°-8° E ). Three sampling methods were used in this investigation. The pitfall trap

technique was used in the traditional palm grove of Robbah, in the modern palm grove of Dhaouia and in Oued El

Alenda. In the traditional palm grove of Robbah we collected 195 individuals belonging to 50 species. The Shannon-

Weaver Diversity Index (H') ranged from 2 .46 to 3.57 bits, and the evenness (E) from 0.82 and 1.07. In the modern

palm grove of Dhaouia 638 individuals were captured, corresponding to a richness (S) of 69 species, H' between 0.95

and 3.69 bits and E from 0.25 to 0.88 bits. In the abandoned palm plantation of Oued El Alenda we collected 28 species,

with S of 5,6 species, H' of 2.97 bits and E ranging from 0.47 to 0.85 bits. The use of the sweep net method allowed

collecting 165 individuals belonging to 68 species: 87 individuals belonging to 26 species in the traditional palm grove of

Robbah, 74 individuals belonging to 25 species In the modern palm grove of Dhaouia, and 40 individuals belonging to

17 species the abandoned palm plantation of Oued El Alenda. Finaly, 294 individuals representing 21 species, all of them belonging to the order Orthoptera, were collected using the method of the quadrats.

KEYWORDS: Souf, Inventory, Arthropods, Palms, Pots Barber, Sweep Net, Quadrats, Indices of Ecology

Received: Apr 30, 2015; Accepted: Dec 09, 2015; Published: Dec 11, 2015; Paper Id.: IJZRDEC20154

INTRODUCTION

The Oasis is an integral part the Saharan ecosystem. The date tree constitutes an ideal environment that

assures protection to insects either of economic interest or not. The palm grove, often organized into strata (herbs

or shrubs), promotes the sustainability of the predators that take refuge in the palm leaves during adverse

conditions [1]. However, the richness of an animal community is conditioned by climatic constraints, the

environment, and the resources the natural environments can provide [2].

The arthropod fauna of lively sands is generally important, sometimes dense and is a component of larva

groups that are closely related to the sand [3]. The current investigation was carried out in the region of the Souf

for a better knowledge of the Algerian Saharan arthropod fauna, especially that of the northern Sahara. It involves

recognition, and qualitative and quantitative inventory of arthropod species using three methods of capture, which

are the pitfall trap technique, the sweep net and the method of the quadrats. Many authors have used the same

methods to assess the size of the arthropod community within different plant formations. As illustrations, we cite

Or i gi n al Ar t i c

l e

International Journal of Zoology

and Research (IJZR)

ISSN(P): 2278-8816; ISSN(E): 2278-8824

Vol. 5, Issue 6, Dec 2015, 25-36

© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.


2/12

26 Karima Brahmi, Said Slimani, Dalale Darki & Et Sallahedine Doumandji

Impact Factor (JCC): 1.9758 NAAS Rating: 2.59

the faunistic analysis of three cultivated fields by [4] DESEO (1959) using traps, the study of [5] GILLON (1997) who

used the pitfall trap technique to assess the abundance of the arthropods of the herbaceous layer, and the work of [6]

BRAHMI (2005) who used the method of the quadrats in order to estimate the mammalian orthopteran prey community.

Unfortunately, this kind of study is very rare in the Algerian Sahara since the studies of [7] BEKKARI and BENZAOUI(1991) in the palm groves of the southeastern Algeria (Ouargla and Djamaa), [8] DJAKAM and KEBIZ (1993) in the palm

groves of the southwestern Algeria (Timimoun, Adrar and Béni Abbès), and [9] MOSBAHI and NAAM (1995) on the

fauna of the palm plantations of the Souf. These authors did not exploit their results of research with ecological indices.

This study is proposed to fill this gap.

Study Area

The region of the Souf belongs to the wilaya of El Oued, which is located in the Algerian Sahara at the

northeastern of the Grand Erg Oriental (33° 22’ N and 6° 53’ E), at about 560 km southeast to Algiers and 350 km west to

Gabes (Tunisia) [10], and at an elevation of about 70m [11]. It extends over an area of 350,000 hectares [12]. It It issurrounded on the north by the zone of chotts, to the east by the Tunisian borders, to the south by the extension of the

Grand Erg Oriental and to the west by the valley of Oued Righ (Figure 1). The region is characterized by an hyper-arid

climate.

Figure 1: Map of Souf and Trios Study Sites (GOOGL ERTH 2010)

METHODS

The choice of the different palm groves was based on the following criteria: ageing of the plantations, their

maintenance, their faunistic and floristic variability, the distance between palm trees within the same zone, and the

existence or absence of an operational drainage system. Three palm groves have been selected for this investigation: a

modern plantation located in Daouia, a traditional one in Robbah, and an abandoned plantation in Oued El Alenda.

SAMPLING

Selection and Description of Sampling Stations

We selected three sampling stations based on the type and state of the existing palm groves in the region of El

Oued Souf. The first station is the modern plantation of Daouia (Figure 2), located 10 km south of El Oued. It extends over

an area of 167 ha (121palm trees/ha), with 20,234 palm trees planted in a square of 9x9 m² (121palm trees/ha). The treespread according to the cultivars as follows: 13,836 Deglt-Nour, 3,348 Degla-Beida, 1,683 Ghars and 930 Dhokkar [13].


3/12


4/12



Sweep Net

The Sweep net is a tool which is used to collect coleopters, dragonflies, orthopters as well as insects on

vegetation.

Orthopterologic Quadrats

This method was used to estimate the size of the orthopters community within the different stations. The method

consists of quantifying each species of orthopters on a determined surface. We used a string about 12m long, squares

(quadrats) with 3m sides- that is a surface area of 9m2).

The determination of the species and the confirmations were based on the keys of determination of PERRIER

([14]; [15]; [16] and [17]), [18] PERRIER and DELPHY (1932) and [19] CHOPARD (1943), the specific publications, the

collections of insects of the department of agricultural and forest zoology of the National Institute of Agronomy, Algiers

(INA), and on personal collections. The study of [20] LOUVEAUX and BEN HALIMA (1987) was used in the

classification of the Acridoidae.

Data Analysis

Frequency of Occurrence (Constancy)

The frequency of occurrence is the ratio, expressed in a percentage, of the number of the samples containing the

species i to the total number of the samples performed [21]. According to [22] FAURIE et al. (2003), it is defined as

follows :

C (%) = (Pi x100) / P

C: constancy;

Pi: is the number of collections with the species in interest;

P: P is the total number of collections performed

The species with C > 50% were considered constant, with 25% < C < 50%, accessory and with c < 25%,

accidental. A species with C>5% is considered exceptional.

Species Richness (Total)

According to [23] BLONDEL (1979), Species richness is the total number of species in a community considered

in a given ecosystem. It is a fundamental parameter of a community of species [24].

Mean Species Richness (Sm)

The mean species richness is the mean number of species present in a sample of a biotope, which the surface is

fixed arbitrary. It is very useful in studies of the structure of the communities [25]. It gives to each species a proportional

weight to its probability of apparition in the samples and allows statistical comparison between species richness of several

communities [21]. Its equation is as follows

Sm =∑S / N

∑S: The total richness species in each sample.


5/12

Inventory of Arthropods from Three Different Types of 29 Palm Groves in the Region of Souf (El Oued, Algeria)


N: Total number of samples.

Centesimal Frequency or Relative Abundance (AR%)

The relative abundance (AR%) allows assessing a species, a category of species, a class or an order (ni), in

relation to all existing animal communities (N) in a given faunistic sample. It is calculated according to the following

formula.

AR% = (ni x100) / N

Where

AR% is the relative abundance;

ni is the total number of individuals of a given species ;

N is the total number of individuals of all the collected species.

According to [22] FAURIE et al (2003), species are classified according to their relative abundance as ollows:

AR% > 75%: Very abundant;

50% < AR% < 75%: Abundant;

25% < AR% < 50%: Common.

5% < AR% < 25%: Rare;

AR% < 5%: Very rare.

Frequency of Occurrence (Constancy)

The frequency of occurrence is the ration, in percent, of the number of samples containing the species I to the total

number of samples [24]. According to [22] FAURIE et al. (2003) it is defined as follows:

C (%) = (Pi x100) / P

C: Constancy;

Pi: Number of samples containing the strudied species;

P: Total number of samples.

A species is constant if it is present in more than 50 % of the total samples ; it is accessory if it it is collected in

25 to 50 % of samples ; it is accidental if is present in less than 25%. When a species is irregular and present in less than

5% of samples it is called exceptional.

The Diversity Index of Shannon-Weaver (H’)

The Shannon Weaver diversity index corresponds to the calculation of the enthropy applied to a given community

[26]. The concept aims to provide from the capture of an individual in a sample as more information as its probability of

occurrence i slow [22].

According to, the diversity index of Shannon-Weaver is measured as follows:


6/12



H’ = - ∑ pi log2 pi

Where:

pi = ni / N;

H’: Diversity index (in bits)

Pi: Relative frequency of the category of individuals ;

ni: Total number of individuals of the species i;

N: Total number of all individuals.

This index have an ecological significance only when it is calculated for a community of species playing the

same role within a [22].

Evenness (E)

The evenness is considered as the measure of equality of abundances in a community. It is the ratio of the

observed diversity to the maximal diversity [21].

E = H’obs / H’ max

H’ obs: observed diversity;

H’ max: maximal diversity, related to the specific richness. H’max = log2 S ;

S: specific richness (number of species).

The value of the evenness ranges from 0 to 1. E tends to 0 when nearly all individuals correspond to only one

species of the community; it tends to 1 when all species are equally represented [25].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The collected arthropodologic fauna with the three sampling methods in the three palm groves consisted of 1,574

individuals, belonging to 4 classes of the arthropod branch, 16 orders, 64 families and 122 species. The global inventory of

species in the modern palm plantation of Dhaouia registered 86 species which belong to 4 classes and 14 orders. The class

Insecta was the most representative (Tabl. 1). It is represented by 11 orders, which are the Coleoptera, Orthoptera,

Hyminoptera, Blattoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Dermaptera. Homoptera Isoptera, and Nevroptera. In the

traditional plantation of Robbah, we collected 76 species divided into three classes, in which the class of Insecta is

dominant with 43 species divided into 10 orders: Coleoptera (16 species), Aranea (5 species) Hymenoptera (14 species),

Orthoptera (5 species), Diptera (5 species), Dermaptera, Hemiptera, and the Isopodae, Blattoptera and Homoptera

represented by only one species (Tabl. 1). The class Arachnida recorded 5 especies belonging to one order, the Aranea.

The class Crustaceea is represented by only one order, Isopoda, and one species.

In the palm grove of Oued El Alenda we collected 372 individuals, divided into 44 species belonging to three

(Tabl. 1). The class Insecta is the most represented, with 26 species divided into 6 orders (Coleoptera with 14 species,

Hymenoptera with 4 species, Diptera with 3 species, and Orthoptera, Homoptera and Nevroptera with one single species

each). It is followed by the class d’Arachnida, represented by the orders Phalangida (1 species) and Ixodida (1 species),


7/12



and the class Podurata, with only one order and one species.

In the traditional palm grove of Robbah (Ghout system) the number of species collected monthly with the three

sampling methods 76, with a total of 374 individuals, divided into 3 classes (Tab. 1). In the abandoned palm plantation of

Oued El Alenda (Ghoute system), the total number of the collected species was 44: 372 individuals divided into 3 classes.

In the modern palm plantation of Dhaouia 4 classes are represented by 86 species with 826 individuals (Table 1).

The results are more interesting than those [27] who noticed 286 individuals representing 75 species in the traditional

plantation of the Souf region. However, in the vegetable plantings of Guemar, [28] ALIA and FERDJANI (2008) collected

1035 individuals divided into 32 species. On the other hand, in Taghzout, [29] ZERIG (2008) noticed the presence of 651

individuals in a vegetable planting and 71 species in the region of the Souf. In the current study, it is important to notice

the dominance of Insecta, which recorded 174 individuals in the traditional palm plantation, 552 in the modern and 184 in

the abandoned palm grove. However, in a modern palm plantation, [27] LABBI (2009) reported the dominance of of the

Coleoptera with 38 species, followed by the Orthoptera with 28 species. In our study, the dominant class Insecta isfollowed by Arachnida, which was registered in the traditional palm plantation of Robbah with 16 individuals, and the

class Crustacea with 5 individuals.

The total richness of all sampled months reached 70 species in the traditional palm plantation of Robbah, 86

species in the modern palm plantation of Dhaouia, and 44 species the abandoned palm grove of Oued El Alenda (Fig. 5). It

is important to note that the total richness is lower in the last palm plantation. These results favorably compare to the

findings of [29] ZERIG (2008), who noticed 46 species in a station of vegetable plantation in Dhaouia and 71 species in

another one in Taghzout. On the other hand, [28] ALIA and FERDJANI (2008) collected 60 species in a station of

vegetable plantation in Guemar and 65 species in another one in Dabadibe. [27] LEBBI (2009) noticed 64 species in a

traditional palm plantation, 83 species in a modern plantation and 68 species in an abandoned palm plantation in the region

of the Souf.

Among the 147 species of arthropods that were collected in the three palm plantations, 69 species, represented by

683 individuals, were during the period 2009-2010 in the modern palm plantation. The Hymenoptera are represented by

304 individuals (47,65 %), the Coleoptera by 125 individuals (25,86 %) and the Isopoda by 76 individuals (11,91 %). In

the traditional palm plantation we collected 50 species, with a total number of 195 individuals. The order Hymenoptera is

dominant, with 91 individuals, followed by the Coleoptera with 56 individuals (28,72%). Using the same sampling

method, [29] ZERIG (2008), collected a total of 651 individuals divided into 71 species in the station Taghzout. [27]

LABBI (2009), collected 75 species, with a total of 286 individuals in the traditional palm plantation. However the author

reported the dominance of the Orthoptera, which registered 28 species and a total number of 294 individuals. The most

represented category was the Hymenoptera which dominate with 130 individuals (44,22%), followed by the orders

Isopoda, with 106 individuals (36,05%), and Coleoptera, represented by 44 individuals (14,97%). However, in a station in

Guemar, [28] ALIA and FERDJANI (2008) noticed the dominance of the category Coleoptera with a total of 586

individuals divided into entre 32 species.

The results revealed 35 accidental species, 11 accessory species and 2 constant in the traditional palm plantation

of Robbah. In the modern palm grove of Dhaouia, 56 species are accidental, 6 are accessory, and 8 are constant. In the

abandoned palm grove of Oued El Alenda, 18 species are accidental, 3 are accesssory, and 6 are constant. As for the

evenness, the related category is represented by one species. [30] AGGAB (2009) noticed 49 accidental ,11 accessory


8/12



species, one even species and one constant species, Messor arinarus.

The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’), which was calculated for the experimental period, is 4.98 bits in the

traditional palm plantation, 3.87 bits in the modern palm plantation of Dhaouia and 2,97 bits in the abandoned palm grove

of Oued El Alenda. The importance of the species diversity in the modern palm plantation of Dhaouia may be due to the

irrigation system, which is the drip irrigation method. We notice that there is no system of irrigation in the abandoned palm

grove of Oued El Alenda. Similar results were reported by [28] ALIA and FERDJANI (2008), who noticed H’ of 4 bits in

Guemar and 4.6 bits in Dabadibe. [29] ZERIG (2008) noticed an index 2.38 bits in a station in Dhaouia. Higher H’ values

were recorded by [30] AGGAB(2009), with 5.90 bits in a station in Debila and 6 bits in another one in Elhamaisa.

The registered evenness in the three palm platations is close to 1. This shows that the sampled individuals of the

different species tend to be equilibrated. The same result was reported by [29] ZERIG (2008) in Taghzout and [30]

AGGAB (2009) in Elhamaisa and Debila.

Table 1: Number and Abundances for Individuals and Species Sampled through SamplingTechnical Three in Three Different Palm in the Region of Souf Algeria

P. Robah P. Daouia P. Oued El Alenda

Ordres Familles Especes ni AR% ni AR% ni AR%

Aranea

Aranea F. Ind.Aranea sp . 5 1,33 0 0,00 0 0,00

Aranea sp. 1 0 0,00 7 0,85 0 0,00Lycosidae Lycosidae sp 4 1,06 0 0,00 0 0,00

Thmisidae Thmisidae sp 3 0,80 2 0,24 0 0,00Salticidae Salticidae sp. 3 0,80 0 0,00 0 0,00

Phalangidae Phalangidae Phalangida sp. ind. 1 0,27 1 0,12 3 0,81

Acarina Ixonidae Argas sp. 0 0,00 0 0,00 1 0,27Isopoda Isopoda F.ind Isopoda sp. 5 1,33 76 9,20 106 28,49

Podurata Entomobryïdae Entomobryïdae sp 0 0,00 3 0,36 0 0,00

Odonata Libellulidae Crocothemis erythraea 1 0,27 1 0,12 0 0,00

DermapteraLabiduridae

Labidura riparia 3 0,80 18 2,18 0 0,00 Labia minor 0 0,00 2 0,24 0 0,00

Forficulidae Forficula auricularia 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Blattoptera Blattidae Blatta sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00 Blatta orientalis 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00

Orthoptera

Gryllidae

Brachytrupes megacephalus 3 0,80 1 0,12 0 0,00Gryllus bimaculatus.. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00Gryllus compestris 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00Eugryllodes macropterus 0 0,00 2 0,24 0 0,00

Acrididae

Acrida turrita 10 2,66 0 0,00 0 0,00

Acrida sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00 Aiolopus strepens 8 2,13 2 0,24 0 0,00Sphingonotus azurescens 2 0,53 5 0,61 0 0,00

Acrotylus sp. 4 1,06 8 0,97 5 1,34 Acrotylus patruelis 47 12,50 46 5,57 19 5,11 Acrotylus longipes 12 3,19 29 3,51 5 1,34Thisiocetrus sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00Thisiocetrus adspersus 2 0,53 10 1,21 0 0,00

Acrydium sp. 4 1,06 3 0,36 1 0,27Pyrgomorpha conica 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

pyrgomorpha cognata 6 1,60 30 3,63 10 2,69Acrididae sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00

HemipteraSehirus sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Capsidae Capsidae sp 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Nezara viridula 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00


9/12

Inventory of Arthropods from Three Diffe Palm Groves in the Region of Souf (El Ou

www.tjprc.org

Lygaeidae

Reduviidae

HomopteraJassidae

Aphidae

Coleoptera

Coleoptera F.

Cicindellidae

Carabidae

Scarabeidae

Tenebrionidae

Cryptophagidae

Anobiidae

Elateridae

Cerambycidae

Histeridae

CantharidaeAnthicidae

Staphylinidae

Curculionidae

Silphidae

Citondae

Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera

Formicidae

Ichneumonidae

HalictidaeVespidae

ent Types of d, Algeria)

Table 1: Contd.,

Lygaeus militaris 1 0,27 1 0,1 Reduvius sp. 1 0,27 0 0,0

assidae sp 0 0,00 1 0,1

Aphidae sp 2 0,53 1 0,1

oleoptera sp 3 0,80 1 0,1

Cicindella flexuosa 16 4,26 55 6,6 Harpalus sp. 7 1,86 1 0,1

carites striatus 0 0,00 3 0,3carites cylindricus 1 0,27 0 0,0

Hybosorus sp. 0 0,00 3 0,3Oryzophagus sp. 0 0,00 1 0,1Pimelia angulata 3 0,80 7 0,8Pimlia grandis 0 0,00 0 0,0Pimelia interstitialis 8 2,13 2 0,2

ophosis sp. 2 0,53 0 0,0ophosis plana 3 0,80 0 0,0

Erodius sp. 2 0,53 0 0,0enebrionidae sp 2 0,53 1 0,1

sida sp. 0 0,00 2 0,2esostena angustata 6 1,60 6 0,7

Blaps sp. 0 0,00 0 0,0Cryptohypnus sp 0 0,00 1 0,1Cryptophagus sp. 0 0,00 24 2,9

ryptophagidae sp 0 0,00 5 0,6

Anobiidae sp 0 0,00 0 0,0

Elateridae sp. 0 0,00 1 0,1

Prionus pectinicornis 1 0,27 0 0,0aprinus sp. 2 0,53 2 0,2

Cantharidae sp. 1 0,27 8 0,9nthicus floralis 2 0,53 1 0,1Staphylinidae sp. 1 0,27 6 0,7

taphylinus sp. 0 0,00 1 0,1 pat monachus 0 0,00 3 0,3

Silphidae sp 0 0,00 1 0,1

ylpha sp 0 0,00 2 0,2Trachys sp 0 0,00 1 0,1Carpophilus sp 0 0,00 37 4,4Oxytheria squalidae 1 0,27 0 0,0Tropinota funesta 0 0,00 1 0,1Hymenoptera sp 1 0,27 0 0,0

Pheidole sp 13 3,46 252 30,

Pheidole pallidula 0 0,00 8 0,9essor arinarus 5 1,33 2 0,2

Camponotus sp. 22 5,85 33 4,0Tapinoma nigerrimu 11 2,93 0 0,0Tapinoma sp. 1 0,27 0 0,0Cataglyphis sp 0 0,00 1 0,1Cataglyphis bicolor 1 0,27 0 0,0Cataglyphis bombycina 12 3,19 2 0,2Plageographus sp 0 0,00 0 0,0

onomorium sp. 1 0,27 1 0,1Ichneumonidae sp 1 0,27 5 0,6

Halictidae sp. 1 0,27 0 0,0

Halictus sp. 0 0,00 2 0,2Polistes gallicus 21 5,59 0 0,0

33

[email protected]

2 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

2 0 0,00

2 2 0,54

2 0 0,00

6 15 4,03

2 1 0,27

6 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

6 2 0,54

2 0 0,00

5 5 1,34

0 1 0,27

4 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

0 1 0,272 1 0,27

4 0 0,00

3 14 3,76

0 1 0,27

2 0 0,00

1 3 0,81

1 0 0,00

0 1 0,27

2 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

4 0 0,00

7 0 0,002 2 0,54

3 0 0,00

2 0 0,00

6 4 1,08

2 0 0,00

4 0 0,00

2 0 0,00

8 0 0,00

0 0,00

2 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

1 75 20,16

7 0 0,004 6 1,61

0 32 8,60

0 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

2 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

4 17 4,57

0 1 0,27

2 0 0,00

1 0 0,00

0 0 0,00

4 0 0,000 0 0,00


10/12



Megachilidae Megachilidae sp 0 0,00 0 0,00 2 0,54

Pompilidae Pompilidae sp 5 1,33 3 0,36 0 0,00

Andrenidae Andrenidae sp 2 0,53 0 0,00 0 0,00

ScoliidaeScoliidae sp. 4 1,06 0 0,00 0 0,00

Ellis sp 21 5,59 1 0,12 0 0,00Anophilidae sp 0 0,00 1 0,12 1 0,27

Diptera

Orthorrhqpha sp 1 0,27 1 0,12 0 0,00

Syrphidae Syrphus sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 1 0,27Syrphidae sp. 1 0,27 1 0,12 0 0,00

Sciaridae Sciaridae sp. 3 0,80 0 0,00 0 0,00

Sarchophagidae Cyclorrhapha sp. 10 2,66 22 2,66 3 0,81

archophagidae Sarcophagidae sp. 3 0,80 4 0,48 6 1,61

Cicidomidae Cicidomidae sp. 1 0,27 3 0,36 1 0,27

Tabanidae Tabanidae sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 1 0,27

Calliphoridae Lucilia sp. 6 1,60 7 0,85 4 1,08 Asilidae sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 3 0,81

Asilidae Asilis sp. 0 0,00 9 1,09 2 0,54

Psycodidae Psycodidae sp. 1 0,27 0 0,00 0 0,00Muscidae Musca domestica 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00Drosophilidae Drosophilidae sp 0 0,00 2 0,24 0 0,00

Culicidae Culicidae sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Nevroptera Myrmelionidae Myrmelionidae sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 2 0,54

Isoptera Isoptera Isoptera sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Lepidoptera

Pyralidae Pyralidae sp. 0 0,00 1 0,12 0 0,00

Vanessa sp. 0 0,00 4 0,48 0 0,00Nymphalidae Vanessa cardui 6 1,60 6 0,73 0 0,00Noctuidae Noctua sp. 1 0,27 1 0,12 1 0,27Pyralidae Pyralidae sp. 2 0,53 2 0,24 3 0,81Lycaenidae Polyommatus sp. 6 1,60 3 0,36 1 0,27

Pieris dalpidice 5 1,33 5 0,61 3 0,81Pieridae Pieris rapae 6 1,60 0 0,00 2 0,54Satynidae Pararae egena 6 1,60 8 0,97 2 0,54

16 64 122 376 100,00 826 100,00 372 100,00

Figure 5: Total Wealth of Species, Families, Orders and Classes Found in Three

Different Types of Palm in the Area of Souf Algeria

CONCLUSIONS

Our results showed that the arthropodologic fauna biodiversity is quantitatively and qualitatively variable and rich

in the palm plantation of Dhaouia.

In the future, it would be interesting to achieve a complete sampling using other techniques such as luminous


11/12



traps for the nocturnal insects. Besides, it is necessary to enlarge the study to other stations and determine endemic species

of each region. It is also interesting to classify the predators and depredators (species), adopt sampling methods adapted to

quantifying populations of arthropods, and consider a sampling campaign over the whole study area during the whole

annual cycle.

REFERENCES

1. P. MUNIER, Le palmier dattier. Techniques agricoles et production tropicales, Ed. Maisonneuve et La rose, Paris, 1973.

2. M. LE BERRE, Faune du Sahara, Mammifères, Ed. Rymond Chabaud, T2, Paris, 1990.

3.

F. PIERRE, Ecologie et peuplement entomologique des sables vifs du Sahara nord occidental. Publication du Centre de

Recherches sahariennes, Série Biologie, n°1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 332p., 1958.

4.

K. DESEO, Untersuchung der Makrofauna von Ruderalstellen am Winterende, Acta. Agronom, (1958), 8: 77-101.

5.

P. GILLON, Le dossier de saint Babolein, premier abbé des Fossés (641-après 658) et la formation de son culte liturgique, in

Le Vicus Saint-Maur, n°69-70, 1997, p. 3-52.

6.

K. BRAHMI, Place des insectes dans le régime alimentaire des mammifères dans la montagne de Bouzeguène (Grande

Kabylie). Thèse magister, Institut National Agronomique El-Harrach, 2005.

7.

BEKKARI, S. BENZAOUI, Contribution a l’étude de la faune des palmerais de deux région de Sude-Est Algérien (Ouargla et

Djamaa), Mémoire d'ingénier en Science Agronomique, ITAS Ouargla, 1991.

8.

L. DJAKAM, K. KEBZI, Palmerais de trois régions du Sud-Ouest Algérien (Timimoune, Adrar, et Béni Abbés). Mém. Ing.

Agro. Ins. Nat. Form. Sup. Agro. Sah. Ouargla, 1993.

9. M. MOSBAHI, A. NAAM, Contribution à l’étude de la faune de la palmeraie du Souf, Mémoire d'ingénier en Science

Agronomique, ITAS. Ouargla, 1995.

10. NADJAH, Le Souf des oasis, Ed. Maison livres, Alger, 1971.

11.

Y. BEGGAS, Contribution à l’étude bioécologique des peuplements orthopterologiques dans la région d’El oued - régime

alimentaire d’Ochilidia tibilis-, Mémoire d'ingénier en Science Agronomique, Institut. national. Agronomique. El

Harrach,1992.

12. H. SAIBI, Analyse qualitative des ressources en eau de la vallée du Souf et impact sur l’environnement, région arides à semi

arides d’El-Oued, Mémoire. Magister Université de Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar Aleger, 2003.

13. U.T.P.A., Carte représentative de la station d'Daouia, 2008.

14. R. PERRIER, – La faune de la France – Myriapodes, Insectes inférieurs, Ed. Librairie Delagrave, Paris, 1923.

15.

R. PERRIER, La faune de la France – Coléoptères (première partie), Ed. Librairie Delagrave, Paris, fasc. 5, 1927.

16.

R. PERRIER, – La faune de la France – Diptères. Ed. Librairie Delagrave, Paris, 1937.

17.

R. PERRIER, – La faune de la France – Hémiptères, Anoploures, Mallophages, Lépidoptères. Ed. Librairie Delagrave, Paris,

1935.

18.

R. PERRIER, J. DELPHY – La faune de la France – Coléoptères (deuxième partie). Ed. Librairie Delagrave, Paris, fasc. 6,

1932.

19.

L. CHOPARD, Orthopteroïdes de l’Afrique du Nord, Ed. Larose, Paris, Coll. Faune de l’empire français, 1943.


12/12



20.

LOUVEAUX, T. BEN HALIMA, Catalogue des Orthoptères Acridoidea d’Afrique du Nord-Ouest. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., (1987),

91 (3 -4): 73 – 86.

21. R. DAJOZ, Précis d’écologie, Ed. Bordas. Paris, 1982.

22.

C. FAURIE, C. FERRA, P. MEDORI, J. DEVAUX, Écologie-approche scientifique et pratique. Ed. TEC&DOC, Paris,

23.

J. BLONDEL, Biogéographie et écologie, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1979.

24. Y. MULLER, L’avifaune forestière nicheuse des Vosges du Nord - Sa place dans le contexte médio Européen, Thèse Doctorat

science, Université Dijon, 1985.

25.

F. RAMADE, Eléments d’écologie-écologie fondamental,. Ed. Dunod. Paris, 2003.

26. F. RAMADE, Eléments d’écologie-écologie fondamental, Ed. Dunod. Paris, 1984.

27. Y. LEBBI, Place des arthropodes de trois types des palmeraies de la région de Souf, Mémoire d'ingénier en Science

Agronomique, ITAS. Ouargla, 2009.

28. Z. ALIA & B. FERDJANI, Inventaire de l'entomofaune dans la région d'Oued Souf(cas deux stations-Dabadibe et Ghamar

Mémoire d'ingénier en science Agronomique, ITAS.Ouargla, 2008.

29. H. ZERIG, Inventaire de l'arthropode associée aux cultures maraichére dans deux station d'études dans la région d'Oued

Souf, Mémoire d'ingénier en science Agronomique ITAS, Ouargla, 2008.

30. AGGAB, Caractérisation de la faune arthropodologique dans la région d'Oued Souf (cas deux stations Debila et Hassi

Khalifa), Mémoire d'ingénier en science Agronomique, ITAS. Ouargla, 2009.

4. IJZR - Inventory of Arthropods From Three Different Types of Palm

Documents

Transcript of 4. IJZR - Inventory of Arthropods From Three Different Types of Palm