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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
KABADKHANA:the makings of
a community
DRAFTJanuary 27 2012
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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
3 # Project Description
4 # Approach and Design process
8 # Community Analysis
9 # The Madrasi Colony Solution
12 # Case Studies
14 # Case Study 1: Open Spaces
22 # Case Study 2: Streetscape
34 # Case Study 3: Naala
44 # Housing
47 # Team Members
48 # Acknowledgements & References
49 # Contacts
CONTENTS
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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
The Housing Studio takes its departure from the
current policy initiative under Rajiv Awas Yojana(RAY), a agship program for proiding Hosing
and Basic services to the urban poor. The
studio investigated current practice of povertyalleviation as realized in a recent housingproject for the Madrasi Colony slum, whichprovided new G+3 residential dwellings on the
site of the former slum. In contradistinction tothe development approach applied at MadrasiColony, the studio went on to investigatealternative, scaled and participatory design
methods, as propagated by RAY, to improvea notied slm in the Kabadkhana area in the
northern part of Bhopal. The intent of the studio
is to understand the existing neighborhood asan intricate material, spatial and social fabric,and to provide case study approaches andsolutions to build upon the existing qualities of
the place to improve the living conditions of theurban poor.
kabadkhana(+):studio housing
Three major case stdy areas were identied
and worked on, namely the existing open and
public spaces in and around the public middleschool to rethink the potential of open spaces tostrengthen community and public life, the naalaalong the northern border of our study site to
rethink water management and how it relates tothe material ows within the neighborhood, and
lastly an exemplary street section connecting
the naala and open public spaces to investigatethe domestic reality of the neighborhood.The investigations and design proposalswere developed under the preposition that
it is preferable to work with and build uponthe existing materiality and built fabric of aneighborhood rather then to erase and build
anew. The wide range of proposals serve toillustrate possible material solutions as well as
processes applied to build upon found qualities
of any particular slum site. RAY acknowledgesa scaled approach from basic services to in-
ll improements and to entirely new hosing
developments. Based upon our design research,propositions for new housing schemes weredeveloped, and suggestions for materialstandards in larger scale housing developments.
project description
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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
approach and processes1
1. Interviews with local community2. Using Replay Method to involve the children.3. Garbage collection at school4. Taking measurements for proposed site5. Building relationships to understand daily routines
2 3
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approach and processThe traditional understanding of the design
process focuses on a linear approach, wherethe process is a series of distinct stages leading
to a nal prodct. In this approach, different
actors and disciplines contribute their particularknowledge and expertise at key stages duringthe design process. However this linear
approach is not suitable for complex problemsolving, instead it needs to be cyclic andreectie process where all design disciplines
are involved at every stage. Collaboration
between all members of the team generatesinnovative outcomes and is imperative if thegoal is to enhance and to do justice to thecomplex and multifaceted social and material
realities of the urban poor.
During the preparation and execution of our
design research, our team of architects, urbandesigners, planners and researchers workedclosely together on a variety of participatorymethods to understand the executed solution
at Madrasi Colony and to arrive at inclusive andparticipatory sggestions for the Kabadkhana
neighbourhood.
At Madrasi Colony we surveyed the materialevidence in regards to quality, use andhierarchies of spaces, construction quality,
and qualitative narrative assessments by theinhabitants.
We approached the design task at Kabadkhana
with two strategies in mind:a) identifying the perceptions of the spatial andsocial realities of the community andb) to use our own observations as basis for
design recommendations. These two sets ofinformation were put into dialogue throughcommunity interaction and discussions of designproposals with community stakeholders.
THE DESIGN PROCESS COMPARISON NON-SEQUENTIAL PRO-
understanding
Photo Essay
Listening
DEFINEobserve createideas
TEST
PROTOTYPE
Site visits
Photo essaysurveysinterviews
Identication
of 5 issues3 projects
sketches
draws
modeling
sketchesmodels
events
educationmaterial
New Parallel Process ing
yesterday
today
Project EndeProject Start
Project EndeProject Start
Single -discipl neAlone work
yesterday
todayProject EndeProject Start
Cross-disciplne
Complex
Proble ms
throughthe design
process
Multip le
Discip line
Singl e
Discipl ine
yesterday
Singl e
Proble ms
today
MULTIDICIPLINARY PRO-
DESIGN THINKING MODEL FOR PARTICIPATORY DE-SIGN
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design process case studyOn the basis of community input and our ownobservations a set of educational, spatial and
material interventions were developed thatcan strengthen and improve the found urbanconditions on a short, mid- and long-term basis.The community input and engagement was
solicited through three strategies:
1) Identify community stake holders, such aseducational, religious and other community
decision makers and facilitators.2)Engage with Children both formallyand informally focusing on the children asgatekeepers to the community both in a spatial
and social sense. Games in classroom and ininformal environments were used for communitymapping and as entrance to other members of
the community (parents, teachers etc.)3)Spatial Obserations throgh eldworkBoth qualitative and material problems were
identied by talking to the commnity and
through informal observation and mappings.The design process of underwent various loopswith involving the stakeholders during the
development of the proposals.
SITE ANALYSIS/ DATA COLLECTIONInterviews with principal, local community
Replay mapping exercises with the children
Walks with children onsite
Involving community in taking photographs oftheir daily routines
PARTICIPATORY DESIGN OUTCOMETaking measurements with local community
Turning locals desires into a spatial reality
Educating locals on technology and design
options through prototypes
DESIGN PROPOSAL
outcomesThe outcomes of our research and design studiowere manifold and correspond to the various
agendas to frame our proposals. The guidingquestions were:1) What are the deciencies of the MadrasiColony that can serve as lessons learned
for future policy, development and building
approaches?2) What are the qalities of the Kabadkhananeighbourhood that can be strengthened andbuilt upon for improving and upgrading theneighbourhood?3) What are the problems within the
neighbourhood on a material and urban levelthat require improvement as perceived throughthe community?
In regards to the Madrasi Colony we perceivedvoiced discontent by the inhabitants regardingvarious aspects of the new housing, such as lackof livelihood spaces, affordability, open drainage
and qality of bilding. Frther we perceied
some basic and easily aoidable design aws
such as lack of diversity in the dwelling units,
missing cross ventilation, and under utilisedspaces for ventilation and daylighting. In regardsto the overall layout of the settlement a distinctlack of consideration to the public and open
spaces was the general perception.Despite the fact that the Kabadkhana site is
classied as notied slm we encontered a
multifaceted community with a rich layeringof social and spatial evidence. A number of
open and public spaces was used by differentmembers of the community at different times
and for different occasions and we perceiveda quality and attachment that marks a livingcommunity.
The problems that were voiced by thecommunity and that were also noted by theteam through on-site observations concerned
water and waste water, garbage removal,education and basic services.
MEMORY GAME
DETAILED DESIGN PROCESS
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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
initial thoughtsWe began by asking ourselves What are slums?And the answers seemed to always fall into
three categories - living conditions, relationshipsand personal perceptions. From this point we
started to communicate with the residents and
occupants of the neighborhood, asking themwhat it is they needed and what they wanted toimprove their living conditions.
The initial site visits made us aware ofsomething we had taken for granted of all thesewhileour carpet term community did not do
jstication to the rich cltres, personalities,history, landscape that layered Kabadkhana. To
consider community as a homogenous group ofdesires, needs and characteristics and propose
design according to such presumptions wouldhave negative implications because the root
of the isses will not be sfciently addressed.
If we were to bring a signicant change in a
sensitive manner, the word community wouldrequire a more in depth exploration.
what is community?RELATION-
SHIPS
APOSITIVE
FuTuRE
PLACEMAKING
+
KABADKHANA:what peoplewant
ELDERLY
WOMEN
MEN
CHILDREN
OUTDOOR
INDOOR
STREETS
HOUSES
COMMUNITY
CENTERS
PARKS
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Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
is madrasi colony G+3the solution?
PROCESSAt rst we isited Madrasi colony and tried to
understand what a rehabilitation project for a
slum is? What has government done for theslum dwellers? We collected information about
their lifestyles, socio-economic status, physicaland environmental status along with currentservices provided to them. We also went to
Kabadkhana, as one of the notied slms of
Bhopal to understand what a slum is and how
do the people live there?We did a srey in Kabadkhana becase
learnings were not done by us in Madrasi colony
before JNNURM project intervention. Henceit was necessary to understand the slum, thecommunities living in slums, their need andissues.
There we learnt what is the actual need of thecommunity in terms of living together and worktogether.
Based on our understandings/learnings andlooking into the issues generated out ofRehabilitation project like that in Madrasi colony
we again came to Madrasi colony and tried tocheck issues with regard to not only physical butthe social aspect. Hence we tried to redesign thehousing clusters with our perception applying
certain concepts like Incremental housing. Wealso gae proposals for the Kabadkhana to
improve their lifestyles by giving proposals andidentifying major issues like Garbage disposal,drinking water, Naala redevelopment, andmaking children aware of how can they solvetheir small problems by the things available all
around them.
uDPFI gidelines and Bhopal Master Plan are the
main governing bye-laws that we have followed.
COMMuNITY LIFE
OVERVIEW
BROKEN WALLS
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DRAFT / Housing Studio Kabadkhana:Inclusive City // Global S tudio Bho pal 2012
POLICY FRAMEWORK MADRASI
High-rise Multi-Level Construction:
Sr.No.
Standard Height above 24meters
18 to 24 metershigh buildings
12.5 to 18.0meter highbuildings
1 Plot Size 2000 sq. m 1500 sq. m 1000 sq. m
2 Frontage of ploton wider road
30 m minimum 21 m minimum 18 m
3 Minimum widthof road
Not less than 30m
Not less than 18m
12 m
4 Front OpenSpace
Minimum Half ofthe height ofproposedbuilding
12.0 m 9.0 m
5 Side and RearOpen Space
Minimum ofbuilding height
6.0 m 6.0 m
6 GroundCoverage
30 % 30 % 30 %
7 F. A. R. 1:2.0 1:1.50 1:1.30
8Marginal open spaces should be kept free from obstructions for fire-fighting vehicles.
9Parking provisions should be as per Madhya Pradesh Bhumi Vikas Rules,1984, Rule 82.
10Fire fighting equipments and related provisions, water supply, wastewaterdisposal arrangements etc shall be as per Madhya Pradesh Bhumi VikasRules, 1984 and latest provisions of National Building Code..
11
Prior to Construction of High Rise Buildings, permission from Committeeformed under Rule 14 (a) of Madhya Pradesh Bhumi Vikas Rules, 1984must be obtained. Only after that Competent officer depending upon
jurisdiction can give relevant permission.
12These provisions are for all categories of uses and not withstanding anyprovisions in any specified uses in any zone, if the height exceed 18.0meters refer (M.P. Bhumi Vikas Niyam 1984)
BY-LAWS
Number of Dwelling Units shall be 104 perhectare and the population shall be 250persons per hectare (Maximum).
For plots with area greater than 5000 sqare
meters, grond coerage and F.A.R. calclations
will be applicable to 60% of land area only and
this provision will be applicable to multi-storeybuildings, group housing and all other typesof schemes.
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what is community:learning from kabadkhanaThis proposal looks at the Kabadkhana area,
specically the site bordered by Chhola Road
to the east, the Veer Sawarkar statue andattached road to the south, the forested area tothe west and the naala to the north. This area is
typied by semi-pcca hosing, inter dispersed
with occasional pucca houses and clusters ofkucha houses bordering the naala. In terms of
slm settlements this area is signicantly more
developed than many, but still lacks muchinfrastructure including a permanent drainagenetwork, sanitation systems and connection
to municipal water in most areas. There is alarge waste disposal issue, particularly in thenaala, which leads to health issues within thecommunity and the children.
The majority of work for men within the
commnity comes the Kabadkhana scrap yardsand the burgeoning workshops along ChholaRoad. The womens role is predominantly ahousehold one; doing washing and cleaningduring the day whilst the men are working and
the children are at school or playing.
The community has a fairly even disbursement
of Hindi and Muslim families, and as such hasboth Hindu temples, and Muslim mosquessituated within the sites boundaries. There isalso one government primary - middle school,
one government high school and a privateMuslim school situated within the community.
CIRCULATION
HOME STREETS
WOMEN