Tourism United: The Global Partnership on Sustainable Tourism
4. global tourism fluctuations
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Transcript of 4. global tourism fluctuations
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Global Tourism
Fluctuations in the Global Tourism Industry
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International Tourist Arrivals
International Tourist Arrivals 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
9.8mil 10.3 mil 10.1 mil 9.7 mil
11.6 mil13.1 mil
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: STB, 2011
Based on the figure, has tourism increased constantly over the years?
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You should be able to: 1. Explain why tourism is subject to
regional fluctuations using authentic examples
By the end of this lesson
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Do you know what this event is?
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The aftermath of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami
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Is Japan trying to promote the increase of demand or destination factors by offering free flights to save the tourism industry?
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Can you think of any other events that will affect demand
or destination factors?
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Hong Kong (2003) SARS Epidemic299 Dead Widespread Hysteria
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Hong Kong (2003) SARS Epidemic• Tourist arrivals fell 63% (850,000) from
March to April 2003• Outbound bookings for the Easter
holiday period fell by 80%.
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Iceland (2010) Eyjafjallajökull eruptionHalted air travel in Europe and Trans-Atlantic for a weekAffected tourism during the Easter holiday
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Iceland (2010) Eyjafjallajökull eruption• 107,000 flights cancelled during 8 day
period- 48% of total air traffic (10 million passengers)
• Airlines collectively losing £130m per day in lost revenues
• Tourism industry will lose money from tourists unable to make the trip
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Global Financial Crisis(2007-2008)• Caused by the bubble burst in the
property market of the US• Banks and financial institutions declared
bankrupt due to massive debts
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Global Financial Crisis(2007-2008)• Consumer spending lowered due to rising
unemployment (5.4 million jobs lost in USA in 2008)
• Assets have lowered due to the collapse of the stock and property markets
• There is less disposable income that can be used to finance holidays
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International Tourist Arrivals
International Tourist Arrivals 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
9.8mil 10.3 mil 10.1 mil 9.7 mil
11.6 mil13.1 mil
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: STB, 2011
Tourist arrivals in 2008/2009 could be the consequence of the financial crisis
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Thailand (2008) Political CrisisBegan with coup d'état in 2006 which ousted then PM Thaksin Shinawatra
Two factions: United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (Pro-Thaksin) and People's Alliance for Democracy (Anti-Thaksin)
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Thailand (2008) Political CrisisSeries of political incidents which have affected tourism:
30 August -PAD Supporters laid siege to airports in Phuket, Krabi and Hatyai (15,000 visitors trapped)
2 September- Violent clashes leaving 1 dead and 43 injured, state of emergency is declared in Bangkok until 14 September.
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Thailand (2008) Political Crisis
6 October- Violent clashes day-long leave 2 dead and over 300 injured, including 20 policemen
25 November- PAD blocks Suvarnabhumi International Airports, leaving thousands of tourists stranded and cutting off most of Thailand's international air connections. Several explosions and clashes occur in the following day.
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Thailand (2008) Political Crisis
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Factors affecting tourism are constantly changing due to these
unforeseen events!
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Learning Points • The tourism industry is not stable and
regional/international events may affect its growth
• Tourism is fuelled by a combination of demand and destination factors, that fluctuates across space, time and scale