4G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CONTENTS Introduction

What is 4G?

What's New in 4G?

3G vs. 4G

4G Network Features

How 4G works

Technology used in 4g

Application

Challenges

Conclusion

WHAT IS 4G?

Fully IP based integrated system

Capability to provide speed between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps ( both indoor and outdoor) with premium quality and high security.

A single worldwide cellular network completely standardized based on the IP for video, Voice over IP (VoIP)

WHAT'S NEW IN 4G?

Entirely packet-switched networks.

All network elements are digital.

Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost (up to 100MHz).

Tight network security.

3G VS. 4G3G (including 2.5G) 4G

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)

Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis

Circuit All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies

W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)

Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters 

multi-band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios

IP  A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0 

All IP (IP6.0)

FEATURES OF 4G NETWORKS4G networks are all-IP (Internet

Protocol) based heterogeneous networks

This will allow users to:Select any system at any time

and any where

Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS and WLANs and CDMA)

A wide range of applications using only one 4G integrated terminal

FEATURES OF 4G NETWORKS (CONT.)

Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

Global mobility and service portability.

Low cost.

Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).

HOW 4G WORKS (WORKING PRINCIPLE) The IP address is based on IPv6.

IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9 IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120

home address

care-of address

mobile IP address

local network address

IPV4 VS. IPV6

IPv4 IPv6

Structure 32 bits 128 bits

Security Poor

securityEnhance security

Function Addressing1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-

in

2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)

Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and high data rate to meet multimedia services requirements, together with the coexistence of different services needing different QoS and bandwidth.Limitations of spectrum and its allocationDifficult to roam across distinct service environment in different frequency bands.Lack of end-to-end seamless transport mechanism spanning a mobile sub-network and fixed one.

Due to substantial growth in overall number of subscriber

Due to massive demand of new services like data, audio image or video

OFDM

UWB

Smart antennas

IPv6

IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave. OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver . By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix.In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.

An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology. It is typically detected as noise. It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by

other radio frequency devices .It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .The Internet Protocol(IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one.Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4

32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like 216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120i.e. IPv6 contains 4 sets of IPv4 address.all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the “ home address” purpose. It just likes the normal IP address that we use for addressing in the Internet and network

In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability. 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%). In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways- Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate. Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls . User-level QoS depends on user mobility and application type .

Horizontal handoff is performed when the terminal moves from one cell to another within the same wireless system.

Vertical handoff is performed when the terminal moves between two different wireless systems (e.g., from WLAN to GSM) .

HANDOFF MANAGEMENT

In traffic control.

location application.

Telemedicine.

In crisis management application.

CHALLENGES TO 4G:

To Provide lower Expenditure cost and Capital CostTo Support Wide variety of spectrum bandTo Develop cost effective High Performance Cell

Site To Provide more ‘’Bandwidth‘’ at backhaul portion of

networkTo Support Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

application

A major concern is interoperability between the signaling techniques that are planned for use in 4G. Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of 4G technology. The equipment required to implement the next-generation network are still very expensive. A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is how to make the network architectures compatible with each other. This was one of the unmet goals of 3G. As regards the operating area, rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing wireless networks.

As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration. Future wireless networks will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. There must be a low complexity of implementation and an efficient means of negotiation between the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The fourth generation promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)—a vision that affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless network.