4. Fisiologi Gas Exchange
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Transcript of 4. Fisiologi Gas Exchange
8/19/2019 4. Fisiologi Gas Exchange
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Gaseous
ExchangeDiving
High AltitudeMuliarta-
Faal
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Gaseous Exchange in The Lungs
• Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
takes place by diffusion
• Diffusion occurs:
– igh concentration to low
– !ntil the concentration is e"uali#ed
– $cross respiratory %e%brane
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Partial Pressures ofPartial Pressures ofRespiratory GasesRespiratory Gases
GasAtmosphere
(mmHg)Alveoli (mmHg)
O2 159 104
CO2 0,3 40
H2O 3,5 47
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• &actors '&ick(s law):
– The large of surface area
– The thickness of the %e%brane
– *artial pressure gradient
– +olubility of the gas
The rate of diffusion across
%e%brane is inversely
proportional to the
%e%brane thickness
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• Dalton(s law
– The partial pressure of a gas can be calculated fro%
its fractional concentration
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Ventilation Perfussion CouplingVentilation Perfussion Coupling
► Facilitates efcient gasFacilitates efcient gas
exchangeexchange► By maintaining alveolar airowBy maintaining alveolar airow
that is proportional to thethat is proportional to the
pulmonary blood owpulmonary blood ow
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Ventilation-Perfusion CouplingVentilation-Perfusion Coupling
►Ventilation (V)-perfusion (Q) matchingVentilation (V)-perfusion (Q) matching
► Ideal V/Q ratio = 1Ideal V/Q ratio = 1
►
Varies depending on the section of theVaries depending on the section of thelunglung
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Ventilation Perfussion Ventilation PerfussionCouplingCoupling
►Air o restrictedAir o restricted !!"" decreasesdecreases
#asoconstriction#asoconstriction
►$igh air o$igh air o high !high !""
#asodilatation#asodilatation
►Air o restrictedAir o restricted C!C!"" increasesincreases
%roncodilatation%roncodilatation
►$igh air o$igh air o &o C!&o C!""
%ronchoconstriction%ronchoconstriction
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'pecial Interest'pecial Interest
►$igh altitude$igh altitude
►eep sea di#ingeep sea di#ing
►
*ercise*ercise
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R!"#RA$OR% !%!$&
'etilatio i**+sio "er*+sio
o-le.s la/
&+sles ivolvemet
"ress+re Chages
(itrap+lmoar- a itraple+ra)
alto.s a/
Her-.s la/
+g ompliae
!+r*ae tesio
!+r*atat
Air/a- resistae
+g +tio &eas+remet
!ome vol+mes a e meas+re
+g apaities
"ater o* the l+g *+tio
ators i*l+ee
gas ehage
6ot all regios vetilate e+all-
"+lmoar- a rohial respose
'8 mathig
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