4. Balancing Reactions How are coefficients different from subscripts? 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O subscripts...
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Transcript of 4. Balancing Reactions How are coefficients different from subscripts? 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O subscripts...
4. Balancing Reactions
How are coefficients different from subscripts?
2H2 + O2 2H2O
subscripts = # of atoms
4. Balancing ReactionsHow are coefficients different from subscripts?
2H2 + O2 2H2O
coefficients = how many
4. Balancing Reactions
2H2 + O2 2H2O
subscripts = # of atomscoefficients = how many
4. Balancing Reactions
H2 + O2 H2O2
subscripts = # of atomscoefficients = how many
New Unit: Stoichiometry
OBJECTIVE: Balancing Reactions + Grams Moles + Moles Grams
Topics to be Covered
1.What is Stoichiometry?
2.1 Step Conversions
3.2 Step Conversions
4.3 Step Conversions
5.Limiting Reactants
6.Percentage Yield
What is Stoichiometry?
▪ It is:–The QUANTITATIVE relationships between reactants and products–Using MATH and NUMBERS to calculate reactants and products
1. What is Stoichiometry?
1. What is StoichiometryBalance
d Reactions are
like
recipes
1. What is Stoichiometry
What informati
on is missing??
butter brown sugar egg flour baking soda salt
+ chocolate chips cookies
1. What is StoichiometryWhat
information Is
missing??
3/4 butter 1/2 brown sugar 1 egg 1 1/2 flour 1 baking soda 1/4 salt
+ 1 chocolate chips
30 cookies
1. What is StoichiometryBalance
d Reactions are
like
recipes
3/4 cup butter 1/2 cup brown sugar 1 egg 1 1/2 cups flour 1 teaspoon baking
soda 1/4 teaspoon salt
+ 1 cup chocolate chips
30 cookies
Fundamental MeasurementsWhat we measure UNIT
▪ Distance
▪ Mass
▪ Time
▪ Electric current
▪ Temperature
▪ Amount
▪ Intensity of light
▪ Meter
▪ Gram
▪ Seconds
▪ Amps
▪ Kelvin
▪ Mole
▪ Candela
Fundamental MeasurementsWhat we measure UNIT
▪ Distance
▪ Mass
▪ Time
▪ Electric current
▪ Temperature
▪Amount▪ Intensity of
light
▪ Meter
▪ Gram
▪ Seconds
▪ Amps
▪ Kelvin
▪Mole▪ Candela
1. What is Stoichiometry?
KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3
1. What is Stoichiometry?
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3
COEFFICIENTS = amount of MOLESKI = 2 moles
Pb(NO3)2 = 1 mole
PbI2 = 1 mole
KNO3 = 2 moles
1. What is Stoichiometry?
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3
Stoichiometry = using coefficients from balanced reactions to convert grams
moles
and much more.
2. 1 Step Conversions
OBJECTIVE: Use stoichiometry to solve calculation problems
2. 1 Step Conversions
2H2 + O2 2H2O
You have 3 moles of O2
How many moles of H2O can you produce?
How do you solve something like this?
2. 1 Step Conversions
2H2 + O2 2H2O
How do you solve something like this?
1. Balance Reaction first!!!
2. Sideways T and MOLE RATIO
1. 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl5 moles of Na = ? moles NaCl?
2. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O2 moles of CH4 = ? moles CO2?
3. Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
4 moles of AgNO3 = ? moles Ag?
4. 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3
43 moles of KI = ? moles KNO3?
2. 1 Step Conversions
3. 2-Step Conversions
OBJECTIVE: Grams Moles Mole
Ratio
3. 2-Step Conversions
2H2 + O2 2H2O
You have 64 grams of O2
How many moles of H2O can you produce?
How do you solve something like this?
3. 2-Step Conversions
2H2 + O2 2H2O
You have 64 grams of O2
How many moles of H2O can you produce?
How do you solve something like this?
1. Balance 2. Grams -> Moles 3. Mole Ratio
4. 3-Step Conversions & Alternate Routes
OBJECTIVE:
Add more routes to Stoichiometry Highway
4. 3-Step Conversions
Avogadro Avenue
4. 3-Step Conversions
Avogadro Avenue
2H2 + O2 2H2O
12.04 x 1023 particles of H2
How many moles of H2O?
4. 3-Step Conversions
Liter Lane
4. 3-Step Conversions
Liter Lane
2H2 + O2 2H2O
44.8 L of H2
How many moles of H2O?
4. 3 Step Conversions and Alternate Routes
1. C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2
1.89 x 1024 molecules of C5H12. How many molecules of C5H8?
2. Br2 + 5F2 2BrF5
2.89 x 1024 molecules of Br2. How many molecules of BrF5?1.11 x 1020 molecules of F2. How many molecules of BrF5?
3. C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2
1. 366 L of C5H12. How many liters of C5H8?2. 0.0973 L of C5H12. How many liters of C5H8?3. 1.98 L of C5H12. How many liters of H2?
1. C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2
1.89 x 1024 molecules of C5H12. How many molecules of C5H8?
2. Br2 + 5F2 2BrF5
2.89 x 1024 molecules of Br2. How many molecules of BrF5?
1.11 x 1020 molecules of F2. How many molecules of BrF5?
3. C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2
1. 366 L of C5H12. How many liters of C5H8?2. 0.0973 L of C5H12. How many liters of C5H8?3. 1.98 L of C5H12. How many liters of H2?
4. 3 Step Conversions and Alternate Routes
1. C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2
1.89 x 1024 molecules of C5H12. How many molecules of C5H8?
2. Br2 + 5F 2BrF5
2.89 x 1024 molecules of Br2. How many molecules of BrF5?
1.11 x 1020 molecules of F2. How many molecules of BrF5?
5. Limiting Reactants
OBJECTIVE:
Running out of “ingredients”
5. Limiting Reactants
8 buns + 12 pattiesWhich will run out
first?
Limiting Reactant
Excess Reactant
▪ The reactant that controls the quantity of product that can form in a chemical reaction
▪ Stuff that runs out first
▪ The reactant that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction
▪ Stuff left over
5. Limiting Reactants
8 buns + 12 pattiesWhich is limiting?
5. Limiting Reactants
4 franks + 12 bunsWhich is limiting?
2H2 + O2 2H2O–10 moles of H2–10 moles of O2. –How many moles of H2O?
How to Solve?Identify limiting reactant.
Limiting Reactant = Smaller Number
5. Limiting Reactants
Fe + S Fe2S3
2Fe + 3S Fe2S3
–12 moles of Fe–12 moles of S –How many moles of Fe2S3? (Identify limiting
reactant)
WHAT IS FIRST STEP? BALANCE
5. Limiting Reactants
NO +Cl2 NOCl–4 mol of NO–4 mol of Cl2 –How many mol of NOCl?
BALANCE FIRST!!
5. Limiting Reactants
NO +Cl2 NOCl–100g of NO –100g of Cl2 –How many mol of NOCl?
5. Limiting Reactants
Fe + S Fe2S3–10 moles of Fe–12 moles of S. –How many moles of Fe2S3? Identify limiting
reactant.
–150 g of Fe–120g of S. –How many grams of Fe2S3?
▪ Go to Word Document
5. Limiting Reactants
H2 +N2 NH3
–12L of H2
–10L of N2
–How many grams of NH3?
–25g of H2, 35g of N2. How many liters of NH3?
5. Limiting Reactants
6. Percentage Yield
OBJECTIVE:
Measuring Efficiency
6. Percentage Yield
Efficiency of a reaction =
Percentage Yield
Formula for Percentage Yield
6. Percentage Yield
Actual Yield Theoretical Yield
▪ What is actually produced.
▪ What you have been calculating so far
▪ If reaction occurs with 100% efficiency
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
You calculated a theoretical yield of 8.77 grams for AlCl3. But only 5.66 grams of AlCl3 is actually produced.
What is the percentage yield?
You calculated a theoretical yield of 9.79 grams for H2. The actual yield for H2 is 4.04.
What is the percentage yield?
6. Percentage Yield
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
The theoretical yield is 98.5 grams for AlCl3. This reaction has 77 percentage
yield.
What is the actual yield?
2H2O2 -> 2H2O +O2
1.How many L of O2 is produced from 250g of H2O2?
2.If reaction has 68% yield, how many L of O2 is actually produced?
2P +Cl2 -> 2PCL3
1. 500L (actual yield) of PCl3 needs to be produced.
2. The reaction as a 75% yield. How many grams of Cl2 is needed?
2P +Cl2 -> 2PCL3
1. 450g of P, 448L Cl2, ?g of PCl32. Actual Yield is 148g, what is % yield?
3. If % Yield is 48%, how much PCl3 would actually be produced
4. Suppose P is in excess, and 300g of PCl3 needed to be produced. The % Yield is 72%. How many L of Cl2 is needed?
3H2 + N2 -> 2NH3
1. 40L of H2, 15L of N2, ?g of NH3
2. Actual Yield is 17.9L of NH3, what is % Yield?
3. If reaction has % Yield of 82%, how many molecules of NH3 would be produced?
4. N2 is in excess, reaction has 62% Yield. 500L of NH3 need to produced. How many g of H2 is needed?