Keeping Remote Network Equipment Safe:

TE's Require Special Thermal and Physical

Needs to Protect Equipment

Keeping Remote Network Equipment Safe:

TE's Require Special Thermal and Physical

Needs to Protect Equipment

Brian MordickBrian Mordick

A Pentair Company

Wall-MountTelecommunication Enclosures

Brian Mordick, RCDD

Hoffman Enclosures Inc.

A Pentair Company

The Modern Data Center

• Climate controlled

• Secure• Clean• Known entity• Spacious• Easy access

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TE’s - Where Used

• Case Study – Animal Hospital– Mechanical closet– Furnace (chimney)– Water pipes (above)– Hot water heater– Load panel– Janitor supplies– Brooms, mop buckets– Floor drain– Sink

What happened when thehot water heater burst?

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Agenda

• Why use a wall-mount enclosure?

• UL Type Ratings – what do they mean?

• Double-hinged – equipment access– Industry workhorse for TE’s

• Examples – what’s inside?– Various wall-mount cabinets

• Fiberglass – Wi-Fi and pole-mount

• Aluminum – OSP (Outside Plant)

• Thermal Management (indoor and outdoor)

• Summary

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Why• Continued equipment miniaturization

– Smaller the equipment, smaller the cabinet!

• Extension of LAN, Web and Wi-Fi access– More access everywhere!

• POE (Power over Ethernet) Security – Cameras

• BAS (Building Automation Systems)

• No Telecommunication Room (TR)

• Retrofit of older buildings that do not have TR’s

• Installation in public areas – Hallways, offices, school rooms, etc.

• Telecommunication Enclosures become the Telecommunication Room

TE = TR

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Retail Application• Convenience Store Chain

– Gas pumps 15• Credit card swipe

– Cash register 2• Credit card Swipe

– ATM machine 1

– Security (doors) 4

– Security cameras 6

– Freezer alarms 2

– Biometric punch clock 1

– Phones 4

• Wall-Mount Cabinet– Security (DVR Lock-box)

– All other information

• All information is sent to central location– Gas sales by the minute

– Inventory control

– Security

– Alarms

– Overall sales

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Environmental Ratings

• UL 508 rating system (Typical to DataCom applications)– Type 1 Provides physical protection, no gasket or seal– Type 3R Protection against rain & icing, no gasket or seal– Type 12 Protection from dripping liquids & dust, indoor use– Type 4 Protection from hose directed water, icing, wind

driven rain, dust, outdoor use– Type 6 & 6P Water submersion – small enclosures only– Type 4X Same as Type 4 but with corrosion protection

• Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Special painted steel, Composite

• Note: In air conditioner and heat exchanger applications, the cabinet must have a gasket or seal.

– Type 12, 4, and 4X

UL 508, 1863, 60950, etc adopt the same Type ratings

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Type 12Type 12

Type 3RType 3R

Type 4Type 4

Type 6 & 6PType 6 & 6PUL Water Tests

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Access – Double-hinged

• Allows both front and rear access to rack-mount equipment

• Available in various heights 12–39 RU’s (24” to 72” Tall)

• Provides equipment physical security

• Perforated, louvered or slotted for airflow

• Typically fan-ready for extra heat dissipation

• Typically Type 1 protection

Rear Wall-mounted

Section

Front Door

Center Section

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Example - A

Access and Cabling

Service Loop

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What’s Inside

Fiber to Copper

Switch

Patch Panels

UPSGround Bar

Patch Cords

Front View

Small AC Unit

250 Watts / 800 BTU

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What’s Inside

Rear View

Horizontal Cabling

Cat 5e

Back Bone

Fiber

Power

Duplex Outlets

Ground studs

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Example - B

• Provides front access

• Great for public areas

• Very high density

– Low profile

• Articulated angle patch panels– Access

• Perforated door for cooling

• 8” to 12” depth– Shallow installation

• Ideal for schools, retail and small remote network access

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What’s Inside

Horizontal Cabling

Cat 5e

Patch Panel

Power

Duplex Outlet

PDU

24 Port Switch

Cable Manager

Fan for Increased

Air-flow

Keyhole Mounting

16” on Center

Patch Cords

19” Mounting Angles

Cable Tie-down

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Example - C

• Provides front and side access – Wraparound door

• Great for public areas• Very high density• Cross-flow cooling• 12” depth

– Shallow installation

• Ideal for schools, retail and small remote network access

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Composite - Wi-Fi

•• Fiberglass, Polycarbonate, ABS Fiberglass, Polycarbonate, ABS and other composite materials and other composite materials

–– Allows signals to pass throughAllows signals to pass through

•• Applications for indoor or outdoorApplications for indoor or outdoor

–– Typical corrosion resistant UL Type 4XTypical corrosion resistant UL Type 4X

•• Plenum rated & wide range of sizesPlenum rated & wide range of sizes

–– Most are but check specific materialMost are but check specific material

•• Lightweight and easy to useLightweight and easy to use

–– CeilingCeiling--, wall, wall-- and poleand pole--mountmount

•• Ideal to Ideal to ““hidehide”” access points within access points within –– Schools and public areasSchools and public areas

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Composite – Pole-mount

• Ideal for Wi-Fi pole-mount applications

• Lightweight – Pole-mount applications

• Chemical resistant– Great for Petro-chemical

facilities

• Type 3R, 4, 4X– Some are Type 6 & 6P

• Easy to drill cable entry holes where needed

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Outdoor (OSP)

• Pad-mount

• Pole-mounted

• Exterior wall-mount

• Corrosion resistant

• Solar load

• Wind, rain, etc

• Flooding

• Lightning?

• Vandalism / theft

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OSP - Aluminum

• Most wall-mount enclosures for OSP application are made of aluminum

• Solar loading consideration is critical

• Locking handle with pad-locking provisions usually required

• Light colors are the norm– Solar load (white, light

gray, etc)

Top Solar Shield

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Aluminum – Pole-mount

• Typical OSP application

• 19” spaced equipment rotated to reduce width of cabinet– Less load on pole

• Heat exchanger for thermal control

• Solar shield to reduce heat build-up

• Typical “Telco” equipment

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Thermal Requirements

• In many applications the ambient temperature is too high!

• Consider solar loads for OSP applications

• Heat exchangers

– When the air is cooler than 85° to 100°F

• Air conditioners

– When the air temperature is over 90° to 105°F

AC Unit

Heat Exchanger

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Thermal Options•• Fan w/o FilterFan w/o Filter

–– Clean airClean air

–– Ambient Ambient temperature temperature

below 95below 95°FF

–– EconomicalEconomical

–– Need to gasket?Need to gasket?

–– UL Type 1 or 3R UL Type 1 or 3R cabinetcabinet

–– For filtered air For filtered air use UL Type 12 use UL Type 12 or 4 (Gasketed)or 4 (Gasketed)

–– $$

•• Heat ExchangerHeat Exchanger

–– Dirty airDirty air

–– Ambient Ambient temperature below temperature below

9090°F to 95F to 95°FF

–– Does not address Does not address humidityhumidity

–– Fully gasketed Fully gasketed cabinetcabinet

–– UL Type 4, 4x, 12UL Type 4, 4x, 12

–– $$$$$$

•• Air ConditionerAir Conditioner

–– Dirty airDirty air

–– Removes humidityRemoves humidity

–– Ambient Ambient temperature temperature

above 90above 90°FF (Up to

130°F)

–– Fully gasketed Fully gasketed cabinetcabinet

–– UL Type 4, 4x, 12UL Type 4, 4x, 12

–– $$$$$$$$

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Indoor- Calculating Thermal Load

Total Thermal Load =Total Thermal Load =

•• Internal power usedInternal power used

–– Measure or calculate powerMeasure or calculate power

–– Voltage x Amperage = Power Voltage x Amperage = Power (Watts)(Watts)

•• Ambient temperatureAmbient temperature

–– Max area of cabinet exposed to Max area of cabinet exposed to ambient temperature FTambient temperature FT²²

–– ∆∆T is the difference between the T is the difference between the ambient and the max allowable ambient and the max allowable internal temperatureinternal temperature

Use free software toassist in calculations?

Power

Ambient temperature

Watts + (.37 x Area(FT²) x ∆T) = Watts Cooling

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Outdoor- Calculating Thermal Load

Total Thermal Load =Total Thermal Load =

•• Internal power usedInternal power used–– Measure or calculate powerMeasure or calculate power

–– Voltage x Amperage = Power Voltage x Amperage = Power (Watts)(Watts)

•• Ambient temperatureAmbient temperature–– Max expected surrounding Max expected surrounding

temperaturetemperature

•• Solar load (Add to equation)Solar load (Add to equation)–– Surface area exposedSurface area exposed

•• 97 watts / ft97 watts / ft²² (Typical for USA)(Typical for USA)

–– Finish (white color is the best)Finish (white color is the best)

–– Reflection Reflection –– buildings, roads, etcbuildings, roads, etc

Use free software toassist in calculations?

Sun

Power

Ambient temperature

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Outdoor- Calculating Thermal Load

•• Solar loadSolar load–– Add to heat loadAdd to heat load

•• Exposed area =Exposed area =–– Calculated in FTCalculated in FT²²

–– Only three surfaces will, at Only three surfaces will, at any time, be exposed to any time, be exposed to the sun!the sun!

•• Reflected areaReflected area–– Needs to be consideredNeeds to be considered

–– Add to solar loadAdd to solar load

Use free software toassist in calculations?

Sun

Power

Ambient temperature

Watts + (.37 x Area(FT²) x ∆T) + Exposed area to sun (3 sides) = Watts Cooling

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Solar Analysis- Exterior Paint Finish

Wind

Temperature

Solarintensity

Exteriorfinishes

MaterialsSteel, Stainless Steel, Aluminum

Fiberglass

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Temperature Rise - Color Influence

Internal Enclosure Temperature above

Outside Ambient Air

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

7/22/00 11:00

AM

7/22/00 12:00

PM

7/22/00 1:00

PM

7/22/00 2:00

PM

Date/Time

Inte

rna

l Tem

pera

ture

R

ise

°F

Aluminum

ANSI 61

Stainless

RAL 7035

Black

White

Fiberglass

Clouds moved in andwind speed increased

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Convection – Air Cooling• How do I dissipate the Heat - Watts?

– Equation [ Watts = .316 X CFM x ∆T in °F ]• At sea level (Use equation up to 4000 Ft)

– Air volume (CFM)• The greater the air volume (CFM) the more heat removed

• Higher the CFM, the more heat dissipation

– Temperature {Delta T or ∆T in °F }• The greater the temperature difference the more heat removed

• Referred to as Delta T (∆T in °F )

• ∆T – the difference between the intake air and exhaust air

• Typical data center lowest manageable air temperature is 55ºF

• Best possible ∆T is about 40º - 50ºF (Almost impossible to achieve!)

– Most data centers can only count on 20º - 30ºF ∆T

– Air flow, no matter how much, cannot cool below ambient!

Watts = .316 x CFM x ∆T

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Trade-offs

• CFM– Noise – higher the CFM the more acoustic noise

• Direct relationship between CFM and acoustic noise

• Big problem in office, retail, SOHO, and commercial applications

– Power usage – The higher the CFM the more power consumed• Money, availability, efficiency, etc

• ∆T (Delta T)– Avoid high ∆T (Stay below 20 ∆T)

• Why – thermal shock, expansion and dew point

• Avoid large temperature swings

• Always keep internal temperatures of cabinets above dew point– Condensation issues (Mold, corrosion, water droplets, etc)

The higher the CFM or ∆T the higher the heat dissipation!

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Using Air to Cool Equipment• Air can be the most

economical means to cool equipment, if …– Temperature is lower than max

allowable– Clean (will not damage the

equipment)– Available in needed quantity– Low water moisture (dew point)

• Only two factors influence heat removal by air!– Volume or CFM (Cubic Feet

per Minute)– Temperature difference

between ambient and the max allowable or Delta T (∆T)

Watts = .316 x CFM x ∆T

Bottom Inlet

with Filter

Top Mounted Fan

100 CFM

100 CFM

85F Ambient

100F Max Temp

15∆T

475 Watts

Cooling

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Watts » BTUs » Tons Cooling Capacity

• 1 Watt = 3.413 BTUs (BTU/Hr)– 5,000 WATTs = 17,065 BTUs

• 1 Ton (refrigeration) = 12,000 BTUs– 5 Tons (refrigeration) = 60,000 BTUs

• 1 Ton (refrigeration) = 3,516 Watts– 5 Tons (refrigeration) = 60,000 BTU’s = 17,580 Watts

• One rack unit server = 150 Watts (average power usage)

– 40 One-rack unit servers = 6,000 Watts = 20,500 BTU’s = 1.7 Tons

– Row of 10 cabinets = 60K Watts = 205K BTU’s = 17.0 Tons

60K Watts @120vac = 500 Amps

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Thermal Tools

• Non-contact thermometer– Measures surface temperature

– Indirectly measure air temperature

• Amp meter (clamp on)– Measure current flow

– Power in = Heat out

• PDUs with Amp meters– Provides current flow

• Anemometer– Measures airflow

• Calculator– Watts = .316 x CFM x ∆T

Power Strip with Meter

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Summary

• Trends that are increasing– Wall-mount TE’s

– Pole-mount TE’s

– TE’s outside of traditional areas

– Need to use sealed or gasketed enclosures

– Thermal needs (cooling, heating, etc)

– Use of heat exchangers and air conditioners

– Security – access control and cameras

– Wi-Fi access

– OSP – need to include solar load

– Opportunity – more work!

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