3G VN WCDMA Workshop_Qualcomm
Transcript of 3G VN WCDMA Workshop_Qualcomm
3G WCDMA Workshop 2008
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3G WCDMA Workshop 2008
Workshop Agenda
Morning Session9:00-9:30 WCDMA Technology Evolutional Roadmap 9:30-11:00 3G Application and Services
(examples from worldwide 3G operators including developed and developing countries)
11:00-11:10 BREAK11:10-12:10 UMTS Lesson Learned
(covering 3G capabilities and features)
Afternoon Session2:00-3:15 UMTS Lesson Learned
(covering 3G capacity on AMR voice and PS data as well as 3G dimensioning on air interface and backhaul)
3:15-3:25 BREAK3:25-4:30 Open discussion for all their concerned technical / technology related
topics
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3G WCDMA Workshop 2008
Qualcomm Incorporated
• Global leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wireless communications solutions based on CDMA and other advanced technologies.
• Partners with wireless operators, device manufacturers, independent software vendors, distribution suppliers and Fortune 1,000-class corporations to drive adoption of mobility solutions based on 3G CDMA and other digital technologies.
• Founded in 1985• FORTUNE 500 Company• NASDAQ Symbol: QCOM• Approximately 6,800 U.S. and 35,100 international patents
and patent applications of CDMA and related technologies including WCDMA and OFDMA
• Member of the S&P 500 Index• “100 Best Managed Companies” — Industry Week• “100 Best Companies to Work for in America” — FORTUNE
INNOVATION – EXECUTION – PARTNERSHIP
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3G WCDMA Workshop 2008
More than 560 Million 3G Subscribers WorldwideCDMA2000 / EV-DO:
240 Commercial OperatorsWCDMA / HSDPA:
195 Commercial Operators
~ 1 Billion People Have Access to More Than 227 3G Mobile Broadband (EV-DO/HSDPA) Networks
EV-DO: 80 Commercial Operators
HSDPA: 165 Commercial Operators
Source: CDG November 2007; CDG, GSMA January 2008; Wireless Intelligence December 2007; 1 billion refers to combined estimated pop coverage.
Worldwide 3G Adoption 435 Commercial 3G CDMA/WCDMA Operators and Growing
3GPP Technology Evolutional RoadmapFeb 2008
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A Well Established Mobile Broadband Evolution Path
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 +1999
1 – 14.4 Mbps supported in standard, incremental product release expected
2 – Upper range for DL peak rates includes 64-QAM and 2x2 MIMO (Rel 8)
3 – 20 MHz, FDD, 64-QAM, 4x4 MIMO in DL and 64-QAM, 1 TX in UL.
4 – 1.25 MHz option also expected to be in the standard
DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps peak1
UL: 384 kbps peak
– All-IP Services– Broadband
downloads
DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps peak1
UL: 5.72 Mbps peak
– Broadband uploads– Reduced end to end delay– Real-time services (VoIP,
packet VT, PTT)– Multicast (MBMS)
DL: 14-42 Mbps peak2
UL: 11 Mbps peak
– Enhanced capacity for real- time services (ie VoIP…)
– MIMO– Backward compatibility
– OFDMA in DL– SC-FDMA in UL– Flexible carrier bandwidths up
to 20MHz4
– Common FDD & TDD modes– Higher order MIMO/SDMA
LTE
DL: up to 278 Mbps peak3
UL: up to 85 Mbps peak3
DL: 384 kbps peakUL: 384 kbps peak
CDMA CDMA/TDM OFDMA
HSPA Evolved (HSPA+)Rel-7 (Ph 1) Rel-8 (Ph 2)
HSPA Rel-6 (HSUPA)Rel-99
WCDMARel-5 (HSDPA)
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Rel 99 - WCDMA
• 3G evolution path for GSM/GPRS/EDGE– New radio network– Utilizing 5 MHz of bandwidth
• Increased capacity– Significant increases in voice capacity, DL and UL sector throughput
• Higher data rates– Packet data - DL/UL - 384 kbps (2 Mbps per standard)– Circuit switched – 64 kbps
• Enhanced services and applications– Significant improvement in end-user experience for existing
applications – Circuit switched video telephony– Simultaneous voice and data applications become practical
• Backward compatibility– Reuse of GPRS core network nodes– Support for inter-system (WCDMA-GSM) handovers
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Rel 5 - HSDPA
• HSDPA Key improvements on downlink – Shared channel transmission – time, codes and power– Higher order modulation – 16 QAM– Adaptive modulation and coding with Node B scheduling – Hybrid ARQ with faster retransmissions
• Increased capacity– 300% gain in DL sector capacity
• Higher data rates– DL peak data rates up to 7.2 Mbps (14.4 Mbps per standard)
• QoS – Enables different grades of services based on subscription level to expand
the addressable market
• Enhanced services and applications– Improves end-user experience for existing applications (web browsing, VoD &
MoD..)– Target mass market for applications such as high quality video downloads
• Backward compatibility– Continued support for Rel 99 handsets
Video On- Demand
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HSDPA for Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband Coverage
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
> 900 kbps > 760 kbps ~700 kbps > 660 kbps > 630 kbps1
1 Source: Qualcomm simulations (PedA 3km, 2 Rx diversity, LMMSE equalizer, 10 users/cell, full buffer traffic, proportional fair scheduling, Cat 10 UE, 2.8 km site-to-site distance)
Average user throughput at the cell edge in the order of 650 kbps
• Enhanced 3G end-user data experience– Supports richer broadband applications– Impressive data capacity increases over R’99: 300% increase cell throughput– Shorter delay / faster network response times, better QoS for data
• Allows a smooth deployment and migration– Backward compatible with R’99, scalable network investment
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HSDPA and R99 on same WCDMA carrier
• Release 5 carrier can support HSDPA and R99 users simultaneously– Node B will be responsible for allocating code and power to HSDPA service
– UTRAN can control when a UE will use the HSDPA channel or R99 channels depending on the conditions such as high speed mobility, inactivity.
– HSDPA optionally can be deployed in its own exclusive carrier
R99 terminal
HSDPA
HSDPAterminals
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Rel 6 - HSUPA
• HSUPA Extends benefits of HSDPA to Uplink– Fast Uplink Scheduling– Fast & efficient re-transmission (HARQ) on UL– Shorter TTI on uplink
• Increased capacity– 80% gain in UL sector capacity
• Higher data rates – Provides UL peak data rates of up to 5.76 Mbps
• QoS – Enables different grades of services based on subscription level to expand the
addressable
• Enhanced services and applications– Improves user experience UL intensive apps (sending files, picture/video messaging)– Support for delay sensitive services (VoIP, VT) and low latency networked gaming– Target mass market for applications such as mobile social networking– Enables efficient multicast transmission (MBMS)
• Backward compatibility– Continued support for Rel 99 and HSDPA handsets
Social Networking
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HSPA: Features and Technical Advantages
• HSPA (HSDPA + HSUPA) supports an entire range of IP-based applications
– Only minor changes required in PHY & MAC
• HSUPA mode vastly improves the uplink performance
– Uplink peak data rates up to 5.76 Mbps– Cell capacity up by 80%
• Enhanced application performance– HSUPA reduces latency
• Shorter frame sizes (TTI) are used• Fast scheduling updates
– HSUPA improves QoS control• H-ARQ for fast and efficient re-transmissions• Fast uplink scheduling performed at Node B
Round Trip Delay: Ping Latency 2
Rel’ 99 150 - 190 ms
HSDPA 60 - 100 ms
HSUPA 22 – 62 ms
1 Source: Qualcomm simulations (2 Rx diversity, 10 users/cell, full buffer traffic, mixed channel. proportional fair scheduling,Cat 6 UE for HSUPA, TTI = 2ms, 2.8 km site-to-site distance)
2 HSUPA results are projected based on HSDPA field measurements
Rel’99 – 2Rx HSUPA – 2Rx 1
800 kbps
1450 kbps
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HSPA: Significantly Higher Data Capacity
Downlink1
Rel 99 Single
antenna
HSDPA + Single antenna
800 Kbps1200 Kbps
2400 Kbps
xRel 99 +
2-RX Handset
Uplink2
HSDPA + 2-RX handset
3600 Kbps
5200 Kbps
HSDPA + 2-RX handset +
Equalizer
Rel 99 + 2 RL
HSUPA + 2 RL + IC
800 Kbps
1450 Kbps2430 Kbps
HSUPA + 2 RL
HSUPA + 4 RL
3225 Kbps
HSUPA + 4 RL + IC
5530 Kbps
1 source: QC simulations Full Buffer, Site to site distance: 2.8 km, BTS Antenna Gain 18 dBi, BTS Power 20 W, 20% power to overhead2 source: Qualcomm simulations (2 Rx diversity, 10 users/cell, full buffer traffic, mixed channel. proportional fair scheduling, Cat 6 UE for HSUPA, TTI = 2ms, 2.8 km site-to-site distance)
HSDPA
HSUPA
1.5x
3x
4.5x
6.5x
x1.8x
3x
4x
7x
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HSPA+
• HSPA+ enhances R6 HSPA to significantly increase performance in a 5MHz carrier bandwidth
• Increased capacity – 2X gain in DL capacity*– 4X gain in UL capacity*
• Higher data rates – Increased peak rate in high SNR scenarios - MIMO– DL: 14-21 Mbps peak (no MIMO)**– DL: 28-42 Mbps peak (2x2 MIMO)**– UL: 11 Mbps peak
• Enhanced services and applications – Enhances system capacity for VoIP and other low-throughput
delay sensitive applications– Reduced set-up times, enhanced support for real time
services (Packet VT, VoIP and enriched V+D applications)
• Backward compatible– Continued support for Rel. 99 and HSPA terminals
PacketVideo Telephony
Push to TalkPush to Media
* Numbers based on advanced receivers at node B and UE** Upper range for DL peak rates includes 64 QAM
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HSPA+ Feature Summary
Feature Higher Rates
Higher Capacity
HSPA+ R7 Key Benefits
2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Doubles Peak Data Rates
Higher Order Modulation (64-QAM DL/16-QAM UL)
50% higher DL Data Peak Rate Doubles UL Data Peak Rate
Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC)(DTX/DRX, HS_SCCH Less)
Improves VoIP capacityExtends talk time significantlyBetter “always-on” experience
Enhanced CELL_FACH /PCH state operation
Faster call set upBetter “always-on” experience
DL Interference Cancellation (UE IC)
* Higher DL cell edge data rates Increases DL capacity
UL Interference Cancellation (Node B IC)
* Improves UL capacity and user data rates – beneficial for VoIP
4-Branch RX diversity at Node B
* Increases UL capacity (>100%) Higher UL cell edge data rates
* * Standards Independent featureStandards Independent feature
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Backward Compatibility Enables Easy Upgrade
SW upgrade to RNC
Mainly SW upgrade to NodeB
New backward compatible HSPA+ devices
• Backward Compatibility enables smooth HSPA+ introduction– R99, HSPA and HSPA+ devices operate on the same network
• Cost Effective Upgrade For Ubiquitous Coverage– Leverages existing assets - cell sites, RAN, core network, and spectrum
• Fast Time To Market With A Proven Technology– Leverages large WCDMA/HSPA vendor community
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PP Continues to Evolve as Leading IP WWAN
Coexistence of HSPA+ and LTE
HSPA+ = Deployments in existing, re-farmed and new 5 MHz Carriers • Increased Peak, Average & Cell Edge Rates• MIMO support• Enhanced capacity for real-time services (VoIP, Packet VT, PTT)• Backward compatibility with legacy devices
LTE = Deployments in wider carrier bandwidths up to 20MHz• OFDMA on DL and SC-FDMA on UL• Common TDD and FDD modes• More capacity and higher Peak Data rates with wider carrier
bandwidths (> 5MHz), higher order MIMO and SDMA support• Multimode devices provide seamless migration
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Long Term Evolution (LTE)
• Optimized Mobile OFDM solution suitable for wider bandwidth deployments (up to 20 MHz)– OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL– Same principles as HSPA+ : Link Adaptation, HARQ, MIMO,
etc.
• Flexible bandwidth usage for TDD and FDD Modes– Variable bandwidths up to 20MHz supported
• High peak data rates– 278 Mbps DL / 85 Mbps UL in 20MHz*
• Increased cell edge coverage and data rates by use of Frequency Reuse techniques
• High capacity fully integrated Single Frequency Network (SFN) broadcast and multicast support
• Interoperable with existing 3GPP technologies and multi-mode devices will provide seamless user mobility
* 64-QAM, 4x4 MIMO in DL and 64 QAM 1 TX stream in UL
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LTE: Interoperable With Existing 2G/3G Networks
• LTE/EPS: All-IP network optimized for packet data services– Reduced network latency, Simplified network operation and maintenance
• EPS ensures interoperability with existing 3GPP technologies
• Seamless user experience across mobile, portable, and fixed devices
IP Services / IMS Network
GPRS Core NetworkOther Radio
Technologies (e.g. WLAN)
Dual-Mode Phones provide seamless mobility
E-NodeB E-NodeB
EPS Access Gateway
GERAN UTRAN
Note: EPS was formerly named SAE
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LTE Complements Existing HSPA Networks
• Seamless user experience through handoffs between LTE and existing 3G networks with multimode devices
• LTE Complements HSPA+ in high demand areas– Expand LTE as demand grows– Ability to build out in phases
minimizes initial investments
Phase 2
Phase 1
MultimodeASIC
Solution
LTE
LTE LTE LTE
HSPA/HSPA+
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LTE Allows Flexible Spectrum UsageSupport for new and vacant wider bandwidths up to 20MHz
Support for FDD and TDD operating modes• Utilizes paired (FDD) and unpaired (TDD) spectrum• Common Physical Layer for FDD / TDD mode
LTE for wider bandwidths – complementing HSPA+
10 MHz5 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz2.5 MHz*
1.25 MHz*
HSPA+ & LTE in 5MHz provides similar performance
DL
UL
FDD TDD 2:1DL
TimeUL
Better performance for wider bandwidths
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6.32
13.4216.2
20.43
25.71
Rel6 baseline (RxDiv+RAKE)
Rel7 HSPA+ (2x2 MIMO)
LTE 2x2 MU-MIMO
LTE 1x4 SIMO
LTE 4x4 MU-MIMO
Data Capacity on LTE
* source: Qualcomm Simulations, config D1: 500m ISD, HSPA+ scaled up from 5MHz details in R1-070674
Mbp
s
LTE In Wider Bandwidth Provides A High Capacity SystemSimilar HSPA+ and LTE performance for 2x2 antennas
Note: AxB configuration assumes all UEs will have B receive antennas
2 UE Receive antennas 4 UE Receive antennas
DL Data Capacity Per Sector (10MHz FDD)
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PP Evolution Offers Industry Leading Mobile Broadband Capabilities
• HSDPA provides broadband downloads and significant increase in DL capacity
• HSUPA provides broadband uploads and significant increase in UL capacity
• QoS support in HUSPA enables support for delay sensitive packet applications (e.g., VoIP, Push to Media, Video Telephony)
• HSPA+ enhances R6 HSPA to significantly increase performance in a 5MHz carrier bandwidth
• HSPA + further enhances capacity for delay sensitive applications
• LTE is an optimized OFDMA system for wider bandwidths in new or vacant spectrum and will coexist HSPA +
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3G Applications and ServicesFeb 2008
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What are we going to talks
Some basic questions regarding 3G & applications3G device in the market and its trendExisting & emerging 3G applications around the world
Non-handset based applicationHandset-based application
Web & WAP browsingMobile TV, multimedia download & streamingVideo call & related applicationsMessaging servicePlace shiftingLBS (Location-Based Service)Mobile advertising & commerceMobile searchMobile community & social networking
3G application development – processes, success rules & conclusion
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Basic question #1 - why 3G?
Driven by market momentumIncrease capacity <- WCDMA spectrum efficiency More & enhanced applications & services
Broadband speedEnhanced handset – features, processing power, …Better connected to InternetNew business models
Application is no doubt one of the important target for 3G
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Basic question #2 - why applications & services?
Revenue - voice revenue is declining due to competition, MNP (Mobile Number Portability)
Customer retention - match with the competitorCustomer acquisition – esp. enterprise customersRegulatory requirement
e.g LBS to support E911 emergency, MNP database
Brand image - brand differentiationSynergy with other group business
e.g. Unified messaging with fixed operator in the same group
…Different 3G application strategy formulated to achieve different goal
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Basic question #3 – any killer 3G app?
Mobile voice is still a killer apps !!Little effort (in some sense), high marginSimple customer proposition, promotion-free, 1 apps for all3G network largely increase the voice capacity
Data application will be more challengingNo single apps for allInternet-mobile-media convergence -> More stakeholders
More network components, and more sophisticatedFragmented platform providers, content providers, application
developers…Demanding customer service & support
Plan carefully in the 3G data business
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Cost of 3G WCDMA handsets continue to decrease
$231
$195
$436
$290$270
$197 $198
$407
$341
$290 $295
$228$221
$270$254
$272$287
$311
$367
$412
$217
$141 $129 $141$128 $128
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
2003Q4 2004Q1 2004Q2 2004Q3 2004Q4 2005Q1 2005Q2 2005Q3 2005Q4 2006Q1 2006Q2 2006Q3 2006Q4
Lowest 10% Lowest end
Note: WCDMA Phones Sold per Calendar Quarter; lowest end represents complete phones sold in quantities of approx 50,000 units or higherNote: Data derived from licensee reports. Does not include modules.
Source: QUALCOMM Incorporated 3G handset becoming affordable
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Sanyo SA700iS2.2” QVGA, miniSD
GPS, Video Conferencing
Huawei E220HSDPA USB Modem
BlackBerry 8707vEmail, Bluetooth
Source: www.3Gtoday.com, GSMA/Informa
Motorola FOMA M2501
WCDMA / HSDPA
HTC TyTNWindows Mobile 5
HSDPA , WiFi
O2 IceVideo Conferencing, MP3, Bluetooth, USB
Samsung BlackJackWindows Mobile 5,
HSDPA
LG CU500HSDPA, Bluetooth
Acer Aspire 5650Embedded HSDPA
More than 700 WCDMA (incl. 311 HSPDA) Devices by 71 Vendors
LG KU970Scroll wheel navigation
HSDPA (3.6 Mbps)
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3G handset – much more than a phone
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Multimedia Connectivity Positioning UI Storage
• Qsynth™- 128-sound General MIDI
Synthesizer
• MIDI player- 16 polyphony
• CMX™ Compact Media Extensions
• C-MIDI Audio, Graphics, Text, Animation
- Very Large synthesizer - 32 polyphony wavetable - 72 polyphony wavetable- SMAF Audio support
• Qtunes™ Audio decoders- MP3, MPEG4-AAC, aacPlus
• Mobile Video Solutions- MPEG-4 Qtv™ decoder- MPEG-4 Qcamcorder™ encoder- MPEG-4 Qvideophone™- H.264 Decode- RealPlayer- Windows Media Player
• Still Image decoders PNG, JPEG, GIF
• Q3Dimension 3D game engine- Graphics acceleration for games
• USB• USB Host (On The Go)• Bluetooth• PureVoice Mail™• IP Protocol stack• WAP browser • MMS client • SecureMSM™
- DRM Agent- Secure Boot- SSL Encryption
• BREW™ integration support
• JAVA J2ME - H/W acc’l
• 802.11b
• gpsOne™ AGPS technology
• Hybrid AGPS/network solution
• Mobile-Assisted Mode• Mobile-Based Mode• Stand Alone Mode• 3GPP/3GPP2 compatible• Control Plane support• User Plane support• Digital compass interface
• PureVoice VR™- SD & SI Voice - Digit Dialing- Universal Front End
• PureVoice Recorder™- Voice Memo - Answering Machine
• PureVoice Audio AGC™• SIM/UIM Card interface• CMOS/CCD Mega Pixel camera interface
• Color LCD Interface
• MMC• SD-Card
The Leading Feature Set for Wireless Product Development• Consistent use across all QCT product lines• Enables broad product segmentation & differentiation• Adopted by global carriers
The Leading Feature Set for Wireless Product Development• Consistent use across all QCT product lines• Enables broad product segmentation & differentiation• Adopted by global carriers
LAUNCHPAD™ Enables the handset for 3G applications and services
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0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
SmartphonesTotal Handsets
3G handset is getting smarter with more functions
Source: Strategy Analytics (Oct 2007)
Smartphone Devices forecast to be more than 34% of Total Shipments by 2012
2% 3% 4%7% 9%
13%17%
22%27%
31%34%
On top, more innovative 3G apps can be built
Smartphone OS-Symbian, Windows, Linux, RIM, Palm, OSX
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3G Applications and ServicesExisting & emerging 3G applications
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Non-handset based
Observation - two types of 3G data applications
Handset-basedApps tightly linked to handsetNetwork operator can add more value, and differentiate with other operatorsUsually walled-garden approach to provide apps
Non-handset basedEnd-user device can be PC, Laptop or dedicated terminal.Network serve as a bit-pipe Operator provide internet access through the 3G network. Apps is provided by open internet. Apps is less customizedAlso known as BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) or Wireless Broadband
3G applications
Voice Data
Handset-Based
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Malaysia BWA - Maxis Wireless Broadband
Promoted as residential broadbandPrice comparable with ADSLHome Voice Service bundledEnabled by Maxis 3G/HSDPA network
Additional services – anti-spam, anti-virus, parental controlDedicated customer service hotlineCoverage map can be found in Maxis web-siteLow cost HSDPA modem co-developed with ZTE
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Philippines – Smart Wireless Broadband
Smart Bro - uses the nationwide 3G network to wirelessly connect home computer to the internet. Offered at P799 per month with a speed of up to 384 kbps -7x faster than dial-up
Smart Click - Internet cafes serve in places with limited high-speed Internet, or lack of computer and desktop publishing services. Also apply franchise model to increase the reach
Franchise Fee – P200K (5 years)
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Africa Vodacom – Mobile Broadband Home
Service overviewOffer home users a broadband connection for access to e-mail and the Internet, through laptop, desktop PC or mobile device
Service typesMobile Web Browsing Internet Access
Service descriptionAccess to Vodacom 3G/HSDPA network at a speed of 1.8 MbpsIf no 3G/HSDPA coverage, switch automatically to GPRS/EDGE networks with maximum speed of 256 Kbps
Service Pricing24 Month Data Contract Packages
Different packages with inclusive data ranging from 500 MB - 10 GBMonthly rental ranging from ZAR 249 - ZAR 2,049Out of bundle pricing from ZAR 1 - ZAR 1.20 per MB
Data Bundles for Contract customersDifferent packages with inclusive data ranging from 5 MB - 10 GBSubscription ranges from ZAR 9.25 - ZAR 1,989Out of bundle pricing from ZAR 1 - ZAR 2 per MB
Pre Paid and Top Up Data bundlesDifferent packages with inclusive data ranging from 500 MB - 2 GBSubscription ranges from ZAR 189 – ZAR 389Out of bundle pricing is ZAR 2
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Vodafone UK
Source:http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2007/07/26/2815233.htm
Source:http://www.t-mobilepressoffice.co.uk/press/uk- releases/release.php?release=uk/2006/EMI-TMOBILE-RHYTHM.html
USB Modem price
Costs when in the UK
Costs when abroad
Mobile Broadband GBP 49 GBP 25 per
monthGBP 4.25 per MB on any network
Mobile Broadband Travel
GBP 49 GBP 95 per month
200MB per month included on any network, GBP 4.25 per MB after this
18 month contract
USB Modem price
Costs when in the UK
Costs when abroad
Mobile Broadband Free GBP 25 per
monthGBP 4.25 per MB on any network
Mobile Broadband Travel
Free GBP 95 per month
200MB per month included on any network, GBP 4.25 per MB after this
12 month contract
Allows users to access the Internet from their laptop with the help of a USB modem.Full Internet connectivity at mobile broadband speeds, for download, email and attachments.Offers connectivity throughout the UK through 3G broadband, along with coverage in over 100 countries.
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SmarTone-Vodafone’s 3G/HSDPA promotion
Program details Install Mobile Broadband service in 100 taxis in Hong Kong. Free Mobile Broadband to taxi passengers. Big Modem on top of the taxiEach taxi comes equipped with a modem and a SIM card, mounted to the back of the front seats. Customers with laptops simply connect the modems to their notebooks by plugging the standard USB cable into their notebook USB port
EffectGive people a taste of mobile broadband. Acts as a testimony to the technical robustness of SmarTone-Vodafone’s HSPA network.Even when a taxi is travel along the highway or inner-city traffic, there is a seamless handover from one cell to another with no disruption to the service
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Envisioned to be a low-cost alternative computing platform
All computing and communication functionality integrated in one chipsetAll necessary interfacesPlace computing ownership within financial reach for emerging markets
Project Candlebox from Qualcomm An Alternative Computing Platform for Emerging Markets
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Project Candlebox features
Connectivity:HSPA (MSM7200A)
Display support:Monitor: up to XGA resolutionTV-out
High-speed USB support :Mass storageKeyboard/mouseGame controller/pad
Full browser with plug-in support:“WebTop”Web-based applications
Game support:Powerful 3D graphics engine
Voice Call support
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BWA – an area of quick growth
Flexible and affordable tariffFlat tariff or reasonable caps (e.g. 500MB) so that most users should not hit the limitAffordable roaming rate & package, comparable with hotel broadband ratePrepaid – for casual users
PC not affordable in developing countriesCarrier can sponsor the PC deviceQualcomm Candlebox is a good choice
Ease-of-use with build-in 3G modem & connection software, like WiFi / Centrino
One click to connect, check usage/bill, check signal quality…
Solid HSPA evolution roadmap to increase air-link capacity, guarantee QoS & bitratesInnovative model can help (e.g. franchise)
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Handset-based 3G applications
Web & WAP browsingMobile TV, multimedia download & streamingVideo call & related applicationsMessaging servicePlace shiftingLBS (Location-Based Service)Mobile advertising & commerceMobile searchMobile community & social networking
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3G Applications and Services
Web & WAP browsing
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Web browsing with mobile phone
Hutchison, HK
3Xplorer service allows users to access Internet from their mobile phones. It uses a compression technology for data transmission.
PricingHKD 28.00 per month for unlimited Internet usage
Source:http://xseries.three.com.hk/website/english/features_3xplorer_overview.shtml
Softbank, Japan
PC Site Browser allows users to access websites from their mobile devices.
Source:http://mb.softbank.jp/mb/en/service/advanced/pcsite_browser/index.html
• Unlimited Packet Use: YEN 0.08 per packet• Packet Flat-rate (Orange Plan W): YEN 0.05 per packet• Packet Flat-rate Light (Orange Plan W): YEN 0.08 per packet• Packet Flat-rate (Blue Plan): YEN 0.02 per packet• Packet 10 (Blue Plan): YEN 0.1 per packet• Packet 30 (Blue Plan): YEN 0.06 per packet• Packet 60 (Blue Plan): YEN 0.02 per packet• Packet 90 (Blue Plan): YEN 0.015 per packet
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Web browsing with mobile phone
Much better experience than WAP browsing, which isContent limited to WAP1.0(WML), WAP2.0(XHTML)High latencyLimited compressionSlow navigation through pages
AdvantagesFull web contents (HTML) rendered neatly in small mobileQuick keys to page up/down, Go back/forward/homeSupport Zoom
RequirementsMicro-browser in handsetProxy server in carriers
Source http://novarra.com/Solutions/nweb/microbrowser.htm
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3G Applications and ServicesMobile TV, multimedia download & streaming
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Orange TV
Service overviewOrange TV allows users to watch their favourite shows related to sport, news, classic TV, comedy or pure top quality entertainmentUsers can view their missed programmes on the mobile phone at their suitable time.Various available channels are: Bloomberg, Bravo, CNN, Aardman animation, X extreme, Comedy, Living TV etc.
Service types• Video streaming (PS)• Video download
Pricing• GBP 10.00 per month for full
access to all channels• GBP 5.00 for access to
smaller channel packs
http://www1.orange.co.uk/entertainment/tv/OrangeTVPacks.php
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Orange Traffic TV
Service overviewTraffic TV service gives users a comprehensive picture of traffic conditions on the UK's motorways and trunk roads and direct access to video of road conditions from selected motorway CCTV cameras across the UK.
Service descriptionThe service displays a map with the main UK roads on it.The latest delays are sent to the mobile phone and flash on top of the map. By zooming into the area of interest, users can see how fast the traffic is moving and by how many minutes users can be delayed in reaching a destination.
PricingGBP 4.00 per monthGBP 5.00 per month for users of other networks
http://www.orange.co.uk/travel/traffictv/default.htm?linkfrom=travel_guides_default&link=link_7&article=travelnav
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UAE Etisalat video streaming
Service overviewvideo streaming provides the capability of high-speed data and video transfers at speeds of up to 384 Kbps.
Allows users to watch their favourite videos on their mobile phone.
Videos are loaded seconds after a user makes a request on the handset
Streaming only - cannot be saved for later viewing.
http://www.etisalat.ae
30http://www.reliancemobileworld.co.in/RMW/mobiletv/mobile_tv.html
Reliance Mobile TV
Service overviewReliance Mobile TV provides live television and offers various video clips for download via the mobile device.
Service descriptionThis service enables the user to download live video from a variety of Indian news channels such as TIMES NOW, AajTak, IndiaTV, CNBC and NDTV 24x7.
Service pricing Three pricing strategiesRs. 25 per monthRs 3 per dayPay-on-Use - Live mobile TV viewing may vary between Rs. 3 and Rs. 15 per view depending on content.
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CSL 1010 television – circuit-switchedService overview
Some of the various 1010 3G Service channels offer the ability for the user to view “live” TV, via CS video call.CS video call give service stability, and ease channel switch, and subscription & configuration-freeSimply dial a video call code (*888) and enter station numberSupport roamingDownload related content (MP3) instantly
Service pricingMonthly subscription - HKD 30 include 100 mins, thereafter - HKD 1 per minutePay As U Go - $1 / min
http://1010.hkcsl.com/jsp/3g_service_and_infotainment/3g_mobile_tv/how_to_use/how_to_use.jsp
32
PCCW Mobile TV – broadcast/multicast technology
Soft button to invoke Mobile TV
MBMS a broadcast/multicast standard in 3GPP/WCDMAPCCW service is a pre-MBMS, proprietary broadcast/multicast technologyRequire proprietary handset
UnicastTen users are watching three different channels (red, green, and blue)Each user requires a separate unicast streaming connection to the server Server, network, and cell load increases with increasing numbers of users
Broadcast/multicastServer, network, and cell load are independent of the total number of users
33
High Definition (HD) H.264 Mobile TV
http://www.smartone-vodafone.com/jsp/mobile/prices/hdwide/english/index.jsphttp://www.pccwmobile.com/portal/common/multi_section.jsp?fldr_id=6211
Latest H.264 technology, better compression Enhances resolution to 320x240 pixels - representing a
double up in viewing quality with razor-sharp images, enriched color and lucid subtitles
Applicable to handsets supporting H.264 streaming technology with QVGA 320x240 pixel resolution
34http://www.sktelecom.com/eng/html/service/WirelessInternet/Music.html
June Music Service and MelOnService overview
Allows the users to download or stream music and music videos onto their mobile device and then play them at their own leisure.
Service typesVideo downloadVideo streamingAudio downloadAudio streaming
2 trends are happeningHandset is the most popular music playerMusic download over wireless network become the most popular channel
35
Java Download - MIDP
Handset with Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
MIDP 2.0 new featuresEnhanced UIMedia Support – audio Game APIConnectivity standards beyond HTTP, such as HTTPS, datagram, sockets…OTA provisioning
MIDP 3.0 new featuresEnhanced networking APIConcurrencyEnhanced security Multiple display
mobile information device profile
36
Building successful Mobile TV & multimedia business
Content availability is the keyA total new domain to operatorTriple-play can fully utilize the content
Select the most suitable Mobile TV/multimedia technologySupported number of channelsSupported content qualityNetwork resource requirement
Pay attention to the handset capabilityResolution, supported decoder, battery consumption, audio quality
Leverage the market push by traditional playersE.g TV broadcaster
37
3G Applications and ServicesVideo call and related apps
38
Video Call / Conferencing
Video CallWith Video call service, users can speak face-to-face with friends in real time.A call with live video & voice simultaneously.
Service pricingMonthly charges of HK$28, HK$58, HK$98 provides free video calls for 60 min, 150 min and 300 min respectively.Thereafter, subscribed tariff plan charges apply. HK $1.5 charged for video call to subscriber in other networks
Video ConferencingMaximum four 3G users to participate in a video conference anytime and from different parts of the world. Participate in and drop from video conference at any time. No service subscription required
Service pricingMonthly charge is HK $35. Video call minutes are automatically deducted from the customer's tariff plan.
http://www.three.com.hk/website/template?pageid=41000&lang=eng
39
Video Mail / Web Call
Video MailVideo calls to be diverted to a video-mail box when a user turns off their mobile phone, does not answer, is engaged in another call or is unreachable.
Make own greeting video or choose a funny character or celebrity from the library.
Notification SMS.
Retrieved by video call to short code
Web callMake a video call from web-browser to a video phoneNon-3G user can taste the service
http://www.three.com.hk/website/template?pageid=44a00&lang=eng
40
Video Surveillance – CS video call
Keep watch over home or office with Mobile CAM via your 3G handset. Pan-tilt and zoom functions Night mode, continue to keep an eye on things even in pitch-black darkness, Video recording and two-way audioNo installation, simply insert a 3G SIM card in the device. Make a 3G VT call then.
http://www.pccwmobile.com/portal/common/plaintext.jsp?fldr_id=7659
41
Video Share Concurrent Voice & PS-Video
Service descriptionAllows the user to share instant videos during a voice callEnables the user to send/upstream videos of larger size during a call
Service pricingHKD 38 (5 MB) per monthHKD 68 (20MB) per monthHKD 1.5 per minute
http://1010.hkcsl.com/jsp/per_1010/per_1010_videomessaging_intro.jsp?lang=eng&nodeid=10&childnodeid=101
Problem-Right before the party starts, you find the AV equipment malfunction but you are unable to explain the situation clearly to your family member during a call......
Solution-You may switch from voice call to video sharing at once and show the situation to them for instruction.
42
Video call and related applications
Video telephony not as compelling as initially expectedVideo quality not good enoughHeadset requirement to mitigate background noise Cultural issue – don’t want to be noticed of the locationHigh charge esp. inter-carrier VT and roaming VT
Enhanced video call (video share, surveillance... ) have a lot of potential.
More customer education is necessaryExplore the business market
43
3G Applications and ServicesMessaging service
44
Messaging services
SMSMMSEmails
Blackberry / MicrosoftIM / Mobile MSN / Mobile QQUM
SMS via mail
windows mobile email
3G enhance messaging services by datarate, latency, handset…
45
PXT World – MMS composer and on-line storage
Service overviewPXT World is an online interactive media centre that provides free storage space for 15MB for pictures, sounds and videos which can be shared with friends and family.
Service pricingCharge for sending a PXT to PXT World is NZD 0.20.
Service descriptionThis service allows users to compose their own PXT messages and download pictures from gallery. Each PXT can be up to 100Kb.PXT can include video, text, sound and animationsAnyone anywhere can use PXT World to view shared albums, but only Vodafone NZ or TelstraClear customers can send PXTs via PXT World, or create albums to share with friends.
http://www.vodafone.co.nz/services/pxt_world.jsp?item=pxtworld http://www.voxmobili.com/jsp/products/products_3_3.jsp
46
Instant Messaging
Mobile QQMobile version of "Tencent QQ". Popular IM service in China - used to chat with friends in China, Taiwan and HKLeverage 300M QQ users
MSNChats with friends and family even away from computerUse the same account, contact list updated between mobile & computeHKD 28 unlimited usage
47
Mobile emailFeature phone’s POP3/IMAP4 client
Configuration requiredSuitable for casual/infrequent usersNo push function – some provide SMS notification
Push emailE-mail systems that provide an "always-on“ capability, in which new e mail is instantly and actively transferred (pushed) as it arrives by the mail server to the e-mail client
BlackberryPioneer in mobile push emailSupport both corporate email & web-based email (yahoo, google…)Use dedicated deviceExtend to other business usage such as IM, sales force management, fleet management…
Windows mobileCatching up quicklyDirect Push e-mail in Windows Mobile 6.0First to support attachment download
48
Messaging service
Messaging services can leverage the big success of SMSMMS can be more successful than it should be
Inter-operator MMSOutbound roaming supportMMS formatted to recipient-supported content type / size
Mobile push email is compelling among the business customers
Affordable plan can encourage the take-up
IM has a lot of potentialBuilt-in IM client can boost the businessIntegration with Push-To-Talk will be the next wave
49
3G Applications and Services
Place-Shifting
50
Place-Shifting Services - general trends
Main types of place shifting serviceRemote access to home PC for files / streamingRemote streaming of TV / PVR
Main methodsSecure tunnel from mobile phone into home systems, through a dedicated siteStreaming home content out to the mobile device
Suppliers - Mostly small / early stage companies
Regional overviewNorth America - leading Europe - Hutchison & Vodafone pushingAsia Pacific, Middle East, Latin America following
Top 3 servicesOrb – HutchisonSlingbox – HutchisonMeinPC – Vodafone, Germany
AssessmentsOpen 3G network to unlimited/personalized content choiceCost of additional hardwarePerceived setup complexityLow broadband uplink speeds in many countries
51
Slingbox (3Home TV)
Service overview3Home TV service, with the help of a Slingbox, allows users to transmit programmes from Terrestrial TV, Freeview, cable and satellite TV, on their mobile phones
Service typesPlace Shifting Services
Service package3Home TV
Service descriptionWith this service, users can
Watch Live TV videosWatch recorded videosCreate a play list for videos
Need to have broadband connection to Slingbox
Service pricingHKD 68.00 per 60 hoursSling box instrument is priced at HKD 1980
52
Orb (3Home PC)
Service overviewOrb allows users to directly access digital content and documents from home computers on their mobile phones
Service typesPlace Shifting Services
Service package3Home PC
Service descriptionUsers can stream videos, download photos and music tracks in home computer to their mobile phones Need to have broadband connection and Orb software installed on their PC
Service pricingHKD 88.00 for 500 MB of 3Home PCHKD 48.00 for 50 MB of 3Home PCHKD 138 for 3Home TV + 3Home PC packages
53
3G Applications and Services
LBS
54
LBS enabling technologies
GPS/Satellites-based – 10m accuracyAssisted GPS –location server (hosted by operator) assists a wireless device client to produce location fixesStandalone GPS – phone compute position fix using purely signal from satellites
With Assisted File (usually updated and provided by OEM)
Non GPS/Satellites-based – 100-1000m accuracy
Cell Sector Centroids: use knowledge of which cell sector is serving the mobile, and which are seen by the mobile, to determine position.Round Trip Delay (RTD): use measurements made by the Base Stations.Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT):ranging to cell towers using the Pilot phase measurement.
55
NTT DoCoMo
imadoco searchAllows users to use i-mode or a PC to get maps showing the location of loved ones.
Highly accurate location information is available on maps if the person you are looking for has a GPS compatible handset. (if a compatible handset is not available, location information is acquired from base stations.)
http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/service/gps/imadoco/index.html#p01
Main FunctionsImmediate SearchSchedule SearchArea Monitoring Alarm Search Power OFF Search
Fees210yen/ month, 5 yen/ search
56http://www.sktelecom.com/eng/jsp/tlounge/presscenter/PressCenterDetail.jsp?f_reportdata_seq=1533
SK Telecom - i-Kids service
Service overviewThe i-Kids service provides the user with the ability to track assets (e.g. people, animals, etc.) using a device that is attached or located with the asset.
Service descriptionThis service enables the user to find the location of their children and give the details of their movements in an emergency situation. It also provides a 'Safety Zone' service that allows the user to set up a given area for the child to stay within and provides a warning message if the child leaves the safety zone.The tracker can be applied to any moving object, e.g. pets or valuable luggage.
57
Hutchison HK - Locate
MyNearestGive user current location, assists them in finding any particular point of interest in close proximity (such as ATMs, restaurants & cafes, gas stations, car parks, theatres, monuments etc.)
Nearby JetsoNearby Jetso provides a large number of bargain offers or discount schemes from various shops and restaurants that are close to the user’s location.
Follow Me Follow UEnable you to search and get map location of your friends and relatives once obtained their authorization
EasyGOThe offers the fastest, cheapest and convenience route to your selected location and assist you to get there save & easily.
http://www.three.com.hk/website/template?pageid=45800&lang=eng
58
Many QC-enabled GPS Handsets from Leading OEMsHTC
TyTn II (Carriers, Retail, OMA SUPL 1.0 A-GPS, Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 1.0)
Samsung i550 (Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0, Symbian)i560 (Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0, Symbian)i640 (Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0, Symbian)i780 (OMA SUPL 1.0, Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0, Windows Mobile)
HPiPAQ 600 Business Navigator (OMA SUPL 1.0 A-GPS, Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0)iPAQ 900 Series (OMA SUPL 1.0 A-GPS, Standalone, gpsOneXTRA, Enhanced Nav 2.0)
HTC TyTn II Samsung i550Samsung i780Samsung i560
Samsung i640HP iPAQ 600
Series Business Navigator
HP iPAQ 900 Series
… and many more coming soon
59
Things to consider in LBS
Network investment plan (e.g. AGPS)Map availabilityLBS application requirement
Quick Time to Fix for Navigation purposeHigh Yield Rate for emergency purposeAccuracy affect the LBS application type
E.g. MyNearest type of apps can be of 100m-1000m level of accuracyE.g. Navigation should be of 10m level accuracy
Smart phone preferred for Map/Navigation applicationHigh sensitivity phone (-154dbm to -160dbm) required for emergency type pf application
60
3G Applications and Services
Mobile Advertising & Commerce
61
Mobile Advertising– general trends
4 main types of mobile advertisingMessaging (MMS / SMS)Portal adsSponsored search – including LBSInterstitial during content download
Normally free of charge (but ads may consume the data KB usage)
SuppliersGoogle and Yahoo are investing heavilyA very large number of players are positioning in mobile advertising. All interested groups are converging on the area heavily. The landscape is not settled
Regional overviewNorth America
Sprint, Verizon, Alltel were early with portal ads and sponsored searchVirgin and Boost focusing on messaging
Asia Pacificoperators in developed markets are using messaging and portal advertising
Europe Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile use messaging and internet models
62
Best of Class 3G Mobile Advertising
MOBILE ADVERTISING – Aircross, S.Korea
Aircross offers Push tools (SMS, MMS)Pull tools (banners and sponsored search) and Ring-back tones (pre-recorded promotional
messages)
Source:http://www.mobiadnews.com/?p=762
PORTAL ADVERTISING – T-Mobile, UK & Germany
Advertisers can provide links and banners on T-Mobile’s web ‘n’ walk portal, related to various topics such as news, finance, sport, travel, etc.
Banners and links in central positions on the display - highly visible to users.
Available to all t-zones customers in United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Czech Republic
63
Best of Class 3G Mobile Advertising – Cont’
Sponsored Search – Sprint, US
Sponsored Search provides the functionality of Microsoft Live Local Search plus sponsorship and advertisement placement.
Users get advertisements related to their latest search results displayed on Live Search, and click a link to connect to the service and sales representatives.
Source:http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/061116-023446
Ad during download – Orange, France
Ads are provided while end users are downloading mobile games, between levels or while the game is loading.
Incentive - Subscribers can download a game from games publisher at a discount or for free, if they accept advertising within the game.
Free to choose more or none - For a period of two months, users can request further details on each brand by initiating a call or opening a WAP session. Or they can click past the ads and continue with the game at any point.
64
Mobile advertising - evaluation
Overall evaluationImmature market now but big potential
A key component of other hot services -search, social networks, mapping / navigation, music, video
Deep understanding of user response/tolerance is essential
Appropriate share of screen real estate. User needs to feel in controlCareful use of personal data
User must get something back – free use is the main element
Learn new business model & how to be an advertiser.
AdoptionMarket forecasts estimate
<$2bn 2007>$11bn 2011Source: Informa report
This is still a small part of online advertising
~$400bn long-term
65
M-commerce by NTT DoCoMo with FeliCa-enabled Handset
66
Mobile Commerce enabled by NFC
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a standard-based, short-range wireless connectivity technology that enables simple and safe two-way interactions between electronic devices
Operating at 13.56 MHz and transferring data at up to 424 Kbits/sec
NFC mobile can enable applications like payment, transit access, smart poster…etc by a simple touch
Dozens of deployment underway -commercial and trial
Standardized by NFC forum, with support from numerous industry players
http://www.nfc-forum.org
67
3G Applications and ServicesMobile Search
68
Mobile search – general trends
Discovery of people, places, goods, services and contentUnderpins all new internet services
Social networking, UGC, music, TV, mapping, navigation, shopping, mobile advertising
3 main types of mobile searchWebLocal search (local country)On-device
Main search methodsSMSDevice clientOperator portalMobile web site (e.g. Google)
Tariff is normally only the data charges
Regional overview & adoption
North America, Asia Pacific (Japan, Korea) is leading Europe is catching up quickly, with push from NokiaMiddle East, Latin America is following
MEF Figuresonly 20% of users use mobile search at allonly 4% use it weekly or more.What is it used for?
MEF survey: ringtones, music downloads, sports results, games and news. US survey: maps, weather, local information
69
Search - metrics
70
Best of Class 3G – Web search
Google search – Various Operators
Part of the Google Mobile suite which supports web, mobile web, local contents (12 countries, now integrated with maps) and images.
Results pages are (optionally) rendered for a mobile screen. Hits can contain sponsored links.
Supports more than 100 languages.
Future versions will use on-board GPS to refine local search.
Pricing - data plan charges only apply
Yahoo! onesearch – Various OperatorsSearch is part of an integrated suite provided by Yahoo! for use across PC, TV and mobile.
Uniquely it collates results by category, and promotes those most relevant to the part of the app you were in when the search was launched.
It enables local search (local country) and can include sponsored search results and display ads.
Pricing - data plan charges only apply
71
3G Applications and Services
Mobile Community and Social Networking
72
Mobile Community and Social Networking
7 main facilities on social networksProfile pagesGroups Self-expression and content creation toolsContent sharingBlogs / forumsMessaging between membersApplications (usually. 3rd parties, e.g. Xmas tree)
Tariff is normally only the data charges
Regional overviewNorth America – several stand-alone services for dating & picture sharing, but no interconnected dealsAsia Pacific – strong growth, several large operator community establishedEurope – mobile blogging established, but few large social networks from operatorsMiddle East – slow growth, some operator blogging tools.Latin America – Vivo offers large-scale chat communities, others offer blogging + photo sharing
73
Mobile Community and Social NetworkingKink Kommunity – 3, UK, Australia
Users post pictures of themselves in order that they can be rated.
Offers a chat and messaging facility so that users may stay in touch.
Sponsored content offers blogs, news and entertainment in groups across the site.
Pricing£1.49 per month for unlimited access or purchase a 24- hour pass for only 20p.Charged at standard rates for sending MMS messages.
CyWorld – SK Telecom
Allows users to create profiles in the form of a “miniroom” – a decorated virtual house. The mobile client complements traditional access to the service over the web.1.2m unique users in 2005 and ~2m by the end of 2006.
User base is seen as younger than that of rival services such as MySpace
Through their advertising position have garnered a higher percentage of female users than most networks.
Last year alone, $140m of sales were generated from the virtual goods on offer.
74
Mobile Community and Social NetworkingBigBlog – Telstra, AustraliaTelstra BigBlog allows subscribers to keep an online diary (blog) as well as post pictures, messages and movies online.
LightPay as you go: .AU $0.015 per Kb
OccasionalAU $5 per month for 1 MB browsing packAdditional usage at AU $0.005 per Kb
FrequentAU $8 per month for 3 MB browsing packAdditional usage at AU $0.0026 per Kb
Very Frequent AU $16 per month for 10 MB browsing packAdditional usage at AU $0.0020 per Kb
AdvancedAU $29 per month for 70 MB browsing packAdditional usage at AU $0.0020 per Kb
YouTube – Vodafone, UK, Italy
Users on Vodafone’s network in the UK are able to view a selection of the YouTube catalog, Google’s giant video sharing service.
Accessed through Vodafone Live! users can stream popular videos as well as add their comment and opinion to those they have viewed.
PricingPAYG – £1 per MB usedMonthly plan – £7.50 with a 120 MB data allowance
75
Mobile Community and Social Networking - evaluation
Key component technology - functionality can be used in a variety of apps and services (e.g. a music store).
Mobile devices a good tool for these appsPhoto, video, music, messaging, contacts, GPS
Two main types of service Developed for mobile - Possibly run by the operatorOrigin from web, customized for mobileOperator role less clear
Integration to make technology invisible. Users like to feel they have discovered a service (e.g. Facebook), not being sold it
Cool brand (e.g Facebook) can help take up
Users do not expect to pay to use, but can charge by MMS traffic & advertising
Advertising, but keep it balance
Risk of legal challenge (e.g. copyright content uploaded)
Some communication may shift from voice / SMS
One bad privacy scare could cause a backlash
76
3G Applications and Services3G application development – processes, success rules & conclusion
77
Typical 3G apps development flow (simplified)
Vendor evaluation
Vendor selection
System commissioning
System enhancement
Business case
Soft launch
PricingPackaging
Channel issues
E2E test (system test, billing test, function testTrouble shooting plan…)
Commercial launch
Driving forces & ideas from engineering, competitors, regulator, vendors…etc
Service concepts
No new platform required
DocumentationService concept paperService description paperBusiness case analysisProject schedule/matrixMigration/roll-back proceduresTest plansService briefing, frontline support Q&A
…. Shall define own processes according to 3G apps objectivesDocument control important
78
3G apps development – common roles & dutiesService planning
Monitor service & technology requirement in the marketCustomer proposition / Business model / Business planVendor contact, evaluation & selectionPrepare service concept & specification paperService look & feelService acceptanceService briefing, customer Q&A
Project managementOnce a service initiative is confirmed, it is the team’s job to ensure its roll-out according to time schedule and allocated resourcePrepare project scheduleService acceptance test planProject co-ordination
Each team clearly understand their roles
Content development & managementContent partner contact & contract managementContent specificationIn-house content development, customizationShall have legal knowledge
79
Inter-team communication
Overseas experience, Market needs, Research result, competitor, vendor input, …etc
Future Services
Customer RelationshipDevelopment
Customers Division
New Services CommitteeCEO, Marketing, Sr management
CUSTOMER
2. Business planApproval
Approved
ServicesConcepts
4. Services launchstage, go to market
Marketing Operations(Marketing)Services Planning
1. ServicePlanning stageFuture ServicesServices PlanningMarketing Operations“Others”
3. Project ManagementServices ImplementationMarketing OperationsCustomers DivisionISService Engineering
5. Feedback &iterative improvements
CustomerCommunications
Support
In 3G, inter-team communication & coordination is more crucial
80
Generic success rules in 3G application business
Application itself
Ease of useAuto handset configuration (e.g. WAP proxy, MMSC centre address, …etc)Manual free
Standardized & sustainable technologye.g. EMS (Enhanced Messaging) failed
Inter-operability among handsets/carriers/servers (e.g. IO-MMS)Simple charging – do not confuse the customerFree trial always help – let the customer understand the value
Operator itself
Don’t be afraid of exploring new business models
Mobile advertisement, mobile commerce require innovative models
Explore handset capability and understand handset penetrationExplore & develop different partnerships
E.g. Content esp. branded one become increasing important in 3G apps. So content partners are important.
Encourage sales to promote the service, frontline to support the service
81
Conclusion3G network is essential for the increasing demand of mobile voice business
3G application business will be more challenging than traditional voice/2G business
Operator shall prepare to adopt new mentality, explore new business models, develop new partnerships.Application development process can be reviewed so that 3G application business can be better managed.
Many 3G applications are successfully deployed in the market. Operators shall choose the set of application according to their own 3G application business strategy
3G residential broadband is successful to deploy in most countries. It is particularly suitable for developing countries in which fixed internet facility is inadequate
1
QUALCOMM CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYRestricted Distribution: Not to be distributed to anyone who is not an employee of either Qualcomm, or a subsidiary of Qualcomm, without the express approval of Qualcomm’s Configuration Management.Not to be used, copied, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed in any manner to others without the express written permission of Qualcomm.
UMTS Lessons Learned for Vietnam80-W1564-1 Rev A
Feb 19, 2008
280-WXXXX-1 Rev X MAY CONTAIN US EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
Agenda
• 3G capabilities and features• 3GPP Release 99 and Release 4• 3GPP Release 5• 3GPP Release 6
• 3G capacity on AMR voice and PS data
• 3G dimensioning on air interface and backhaul
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Release 99 and Release 4 Key Features (1)
• New WCDMA Radio Interface (UTRAN) (TS23.002)• Minimum impact on the Core Network (adapted pre-Release 99 GSM/GPRS Core Network
infrastructure)• New type of interface between core and access networks (Iu)• the “upgrading” of the CN signaling to take into account the new capabilities (UMTS: Iu-CS,
Iu-PS compared to GSM: A, Gb)• FDD and TDD at 3.84 Mcps (on 5MHz carriers)• TDD at 1.28 Mcps (on 1.6MHz carriers) introduced in Rel 4
Circuit-SwitchedCore Network
Packet-SwitchedCore Network
UTRA-FDD(WCDMA)
Access Network
UTRA-TDDAccess Network
GSM/GPRSAccess Network
Non-AccessStratum
AccessStratum
Wideband CodeDivision Multiple
Access
3.84 Mcps Option1.28 Mcps Option Global System for Mobile
Communications /General Packet Radio Service
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
WCDMA Upgrade Path from GSM/GPRS (1)
Before:
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WCDMA Upgrade Path from GSM/GPRS (2)
After:
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
Common Frequency Channel
“Selemat Datang”“Bonjour”
“Hello” “Guten Tag” “Buenos Dias”
Code Division Multiple Access
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
A A AA A A A
A A AA A A A
A A AA A A A
A A AA A A A
E F DC B E F
G C BD G C
F DB E F D
C B EA G C B
AA
TDMA and GSM Systems CDMA Systems
N = 7 N = 1
CDMA uses Frequency Reuse of N=1
Frequency Re-Use – CDMA
Higher Spectrum Efficiency can be achieved with CDMA
Interference (from users on the same frequency carrier) needs to be managed in CDMA
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
Increased Power(Fast)
DecreasedPower
Increased Power
Decreased Power(Slow)
IncreasedPower
Decreased Power
Power Control compensates for: - Near/Far Problem- Path Loss- Fading
Power Control in CDMA
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
Multipath
BSC
Cell Cell
multipath.emfThe mobile can adjust for differing path delays and phase shifts of the different multipath arrivals and then combine the arrivals coherently.
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
FDMA / TDMA / WCDMA (Inter-frequency / Inter-RAT)
WCDMA (Intra-frequency)
Soft Handoverreduces Dropped Calls
Soft Handoverreduces Dropped Calls
Hard Handover Soft Handover
Hard Handover Versus Soft Handover
1180-WXXXX-1 Rev X MAY CONTAIN US EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
Release 99 and Release 4 Key Features (2)
• Services as in GSM/GPRS (TS22.105, 22.101)• Voice: GSM – EFR/FR/HR, WCDMA – AMR (8 codec modes – 4.75 to 12.2kbps+SID)• PS Data: GPRS (Releases 97, 98) – 171 kbps max (TS 05.01), WCDMA – 2Mbps max
(theory) and typical deployment – 384kbps max• CS Emergency Call without USIM (IMEI) –911/112• PS Emergency Call not supported yet
• GSM/GPRS Interworking (TS21.01)• Idle mode reselection between WCDMA and GSM• Connected mode inter-Radio-Access-Technology (inter-RAT) handovers between WCDMA
and GSM/GPRS (Typically, CS: handover, PS: cell change)• No mapping for CS-64 kbps services (video calls) from WCDMA to GSM
GSM Coverage
WCDMA area WCDMA area
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Inter-RAT
• Scenarios for inter-system cell reselection or handover• Leaving contiguous WCDMA coverage, i.e. the border areas of WCDMA and GSM
coverage• Lack of indoor coverage within WCDMA network, i.e. less coverage depth when
compared to that of GSM• Load balance between WCDMA and GSM
• Triggers for inter-RAT: • CPICH Ec/No and/or RSCP (either or both falling too low)
• Compressed Mode is the technique to create idle time gaps for inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements (two main types):
• Spreading Factor Reduction - SF/2 (commonly used for AMR and PS data)• Higher Layer Scheduling - HLS (for PS data only)
Note that inter-RAT should not be used to fix pilot pollution or coverage hole problems within WCDMA network!
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Release 99 and Release 4 Key Features (3)
• Multimedia Telephony (TS23.972,22.101)
• Utilizes Circuit-Switched low rate bearer – no equivalent service in GSM/GPRS
• Allows low-cost, real-time, two-way multimedia communications
• Core protocol: ITU-T H.324/ANNEX C (Multimedia Telephone Terminals Over Error Prone Channels)
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Release 99 and Release 4 Key Features (4)
• Location Services over Air Interface (TS22.071, TS23.171 and TS25.305)• Provides the location information of mobile terminal –
• This information can be used for network internal services (i.e., location-assisted handover, traffic and coverage measurements), lawful intercept services, emergency services, and value added services (i.e., looking up the tourist attractions, the closest convenience store, bus stops, nearby sales promotion, finding route to other places, etc.)
• 3 types of radio location procedures in WCDMA:• Cell ID based (Serving cell ID + Round Trip Time)
• Supported in Release 99 or later• OTDOA-IPDL (Observed Time Difference of Arrival – Idle Period Downlink)
• UE measures the difference of Time of Arrival of a reference signal from multiple cells• Supported in Release 4 or later
• Network Assisted GPS• Supported in Release 4 or later
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Release 5 Key Features (1)
• High-speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (TS25.858)
Node B
High Speed Data on HS-PDSCHs
HSDPA UEs
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Changes in HSDPA
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UMTS Architecture with HSDPA
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Release 5 Key Features (2)
• Evolution towards IP• Trend towards All-IP network architecture
• Provides traffic routing flexibility• Increases network efficiency and reduces cost of delivering traffic
• Release 4 specifies evolution of core network transport to IP (TS29.002, TS29.078, TS29.018 & TS29.016)
• Architecture defined by SIGTRAN in IETF (Internet Engineering Taskforce) • Signaling (e.g. MAP, CAP, BSSAP+) over IP
• Release 5 specifies evolution of UTRAN transport to IP (TS25.933)• IPv6 mandatory and IPv4 optional (dual stack recommended)• Interworking with R99, Rel 4 and Rel 5 ATM transport networks
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Release 5 Key Features (3)
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (TS22.228, TS23.228 & TS23.218)
• Comprises all CN elements for provision of multimedia services - signalling and bearer related network elements as defined in TS 23.002
• Open architecture and platforms based on the IETF Internet Standards – conformant interfaces and protocol (i.e., SIP – Session Initiation Protocol)
• Access independence (i.e., UTRAN or GERAN)
• Interoperation with wireline terminals in PSTN across the Internet
• Utilizes the PS domain for the transport of signaling and bearer traffic
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Release 6 Key Features (1)
• HSUPA (TS25.309 and TS25.896)
• Set of high speed channels is received at the Node B.• Interference is shared by multiple users.• Several users may be allowed to transmit at given data rate and power on a fast scheduling.• Advantages:
• Higher Peak Data Rate in Uplink• Enable new services and improve user perception• Improved Uplink Coverage for higher Data Rates• Improved Uplink Cell Capacity• Reduced Latency• Fast Scheduling and Resource Control• Increase resource utilization and efficiency
Node B
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
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Improved Cell Capacity
Higher Peak Data RatesReduced Latency
Improved QoS SupportFaster
Resource Control
Release 99 UL DCH HSUPA
Minimum TTI of 10 ms
Smaller TTI of 2 ms
Slow UL rate switching
(RNC based)
Fast UL data ratecontrol in the Node B
Improved Physical Layer performance
through HARQ
Multiplexing of transport channels at Physical Layer
Multiplexing of logical channels at MAC layer
Slow mechanism to request resources
Fast mechanism to request UL resources
Dedicated resource allocation for latency sensitive applications
Dedicated resource allocation that could
not be used efficiently
New Transport Channel
New Physical Channels
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UMTS Architecture with HSUPA
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Release 6 Key Features (2)
• QoS for PS Domain (TS23.207)• Provides the framework for end-to-end
Quality of Service (QoS) • Describes the interaction between the TE/MT
Local Bearer Service, the GPRS Bearer Service, and the External Bearer Service, and how these together provide Quality of Service for the End-to-End Service
• Describes IP level mechanisms necessary in providing end-to-end Quality of Service involving GPRS networks, including possible interaction between the IP level and the GPRS level, as well as the application level and the IP level
TE MT UTRAN/GERAN
CNIuEDGENODE
CNGateway
TE
GPRS
End-to-End Service
TE/MT LocalBearer Service
UMTS Bearer External BearerService
GPRS Bearer Service
Radio Access Bearer CN BearerService
BackboneBearer Service
Iu BearerService
Radio BearerService
PhysicalRadio
Service
PhysicalBearer Service
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Quality of Service Traffic Classes
Traffic class Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
Fundamental characteristics
• Delay sensitive (stringent and very low delay, low jitter)
• Typically error tolerant
• Typically unidirectional
• Delay sensitive (low delay and jitter)
• Low error tolerant
• Request response pattern
• Preserve payload content (Error sensitive)
• Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time
• Preserve payload content (Error sensitive)
Real-time Non real-time
Example of typical application
VoIP, PSVT,
Real-time gaming
Streaming audio and video
Web browsing FTP, Email
•3GPP QoS architecture defines only for UMTS Bearer Service and Radio Access Bearer Service a set of QoS attributes.
• One of them is the Traffic class. There are four defined QoS Traffic classes, and the main distinguishing factors between them are:
• Delay sensitivity and• Error tolerance
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Release 6 Key Features (3)
• Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS) (TS22.146, 22.246, 23.246, 25.346, 26.346)
• Unidirectional Point-to-Multipoint bearer service: allows single source entity to be transmitted to multiple recipients. It is intended to efficiently use radio/network resource, i.e. data is transmitted over a common radio channel.
• Two MBMS bearer service modes: • Broadcast – more than the low bit rate Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) but can also carry
multimedia data like voice, video, etc. There is no specific requirement to activate or subscribe to the MBMS in broadcast mode. Probably not charged and cannot guarantee reliable data reception.
• Multicast – requires subscription to the multicast subscription group and then the user joining the corresponding multicast group. Probably charged based on subscriptions. Inter-operable with IETF IP Multicast but with radio/network resources sharing in 3gpp multicast mode.
Node B
FACH on SCCPCH
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Agenda
• 3G capabilities and features
• 3G capacity on AMR voice and PS data• Release 99• Release 5 HSDPA (PS)• Release 6 HSUPA (PS)
• 3G dimensioning on air interface and backhaul
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WCDMA R99 Capacity
• Cell throughput / capacity depends on a few factors:• DL Transmit power• Available DL OVSF codes• UL rise over thermal (interference)• Number of available channel elements• Backhaul and network equipment capacity limitation
• Under perfect RF conditions, maximum cell throughput / capacity can be estimated based on OVSF code limitation
• However, it is not easy to predict the typical cell throughput / capacity of WCDMA system, except through detailed simulations or field measurements
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WCDMA R99 Capacity Estimation
Service Data Rate Target BLER Max. DPCH Power Capacity[1] Coverage[2]
[kb/s] [%] [dBm] [Watt] [users] [radius] [area]
AMR 12.2 1% 31.5 1.4 10.7 101% 103%
CS 64 1% 36 4.0 3.8 96% 91%
CS 128 1% 36 4.0 3.8 86% 75%
PS 64 5% 36.5 4.5 3.4 100% 100%
PS 128 5% 37 5.0 3.0 91% 84%
PS 144 5% 37 5.0 3.0 88% 77%
PS 384 5% 37 5.0 3.0 67% 45%
[1] The given capacity reflects a worst case scenario with all users located at the cell edge.[2] Indicates the relative coverage with respect to the CPICH.
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UE Categories
Category Single User Peak Rate
1 1.2 Mbps2 1.2 Mbps3 1.8 Mbps4 1.8 Mbps5 3.6 Mbps6 3.6 Mbps7 7.2 Mbps8 7.2 Mbps9 10.1 Mbps
10 14.0 Mbps11* 0.9 Mbps12* 1.8 Mbps
* No 16-QAM Modulation
HSDPA
E-DCH Category TTI
Single User Peak rate for TTI = 10 ms*
Single User Peak rate for TTI = 2 ms
Category 1 711 kbps
1448 kbps
1448 kbps
2000 kbps
2000 kbps
2000 kbps
Category 2
--
1448 kbps
--
2886 kbps
--
Category 3
Category 4
Category 5
Category 6 5742 kbps
10 ms
2 & 10 ms
10 ms
2 & 10 ms
10 ms
2 & 10 ms
HSUPA
* Maximum Peak data rate for 10 ms E-DCH TTI operation is 2 Mbps in all configurations
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Receiver Types in 3GPP
• Latest HSPA devices (such as Cat 6 and Cat 8) are also equipped with advanced receivers (Type 2, 3, etc.) which have improved reception performance compared to conventional RAKE (Type 0) receiver employed commonly in R99 devices
• Due to the enhancement in signal-to-interference ratio, higher throughput and capacity become possible
• Dynamic switching between different receiver types can be implemented to adapt to different radio environment, i.e., Type 1 / 3 switching, etc.
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6.51
6.72
7.08
7.21
1.82
1.72
1.60
1.55
3.65
3.58
3.36
3.26
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00Cat 12 TP (Mbps) Cat 6 TP (Mbps) Cat 8 TP (Mbps)
Assuming 100% scheduling and 0% SBLER, the maximum HSDPA single user throughput can be calculated as follows:
1. 3gpp Maxphy layer
2. UTRAN Maxphy layer
3. RLCthroughput
4. RemoveTCP/IP headers
Maximum HSDPA Single User Throughput
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Max HSDPA Cell Throughput with 10MHz Spectrum (Downlink)
• Cat 12• No CDM with 5 HS-PDSCHs• Sufficient DL power, backhaul and other network resources• Maximum TBS selected for all users• Maximum Cell Throughput = 1.60Mbps * 2 = 3.20 Mbps
• Cat 6• No CDM with 5 HS-PDSCHs• Sufficient DL power, backhaul and other network resources• Maximum TBS selected for all users• Maximum Cell Throughput = 3.36Mbps * 2 = 6.72Mbps
• Cat 8• CDM with 2 users,
• One with 10 HS-PDSCHs• Two with 5 HS-PDSCHs each
• Sufficient DL power, backhaul and other network resources• Maximum TBS selected for all users• Maximum Cell Throughput = max(6.72, 2 x 3.36) * 2 = 13.44 Mbps
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Simulated HSDPA Cell Throughput with 10MHz Spectrum (Downlink)
UE Category
# of HS-SCCH
# of HS-PDSCH
Surrounding Cell Loading
HSDPA Power
Cell Throughput [Mbps]
12 1 5 50% 80% 1.27 * 2 = 2.54
6 1 5 50% 80% 1.69 * 2 = 3.38
8 1 10 50% 80% 2.55 * 2 = 5.10
• Cell throughput numbers shown in the table below take a factor of 2 because of 10MHz spectrum
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Data Rate Comparison with 10MHz Spectrum (Downlink)Technology Max
Single User Throughput [Mbps]
Typical
Single User Throughput [Mbps]
Max
Cell Throughput with 2 x 5MHz [Mbps]
Typical
Cell Throughput with 2 x 5MHz [Mbps]
WCDMA R99 0.384 0.346 5.38 3 * 0.384 * 0.9 * 2 = 2.07
HSDPA Cat 125 Codes
1 HS-SCCH
1.60 0.80 (Project A, CQI=12.8, Rake)
3.20 1.12 (Project A – stationary but mixed RF, Rake) * 2 = 2.24
2.54 (Simulation)
HSDPA Cat 810 Codes
1 HS-SCCH
6.72 1.87 (Project C, CQI=20.5)
2.32 (Project G, CQI=11.2, EQ only)
3.28 (Project G, CQI=14, EQ+RxD)
13.44 3.04 (Project G - mobility with EQ only) * 2 = 6.08
4.26 (Project G - mobility with EQ+RxD) * 2 = 8.52
5.10 (Simulation)
HSDPA Cat 65 Codes
1 HS-SCCH
3.36 1.31 (Project A, CQI=17, EQ)
1.21 (Project C, CQI=17, EQ)
6.72 1.83 (Project A – stationary but mixed RF, EQ) * 2 = 3.66
2.2 (Project F, Multiple Locations, EQ) * 2 = 4.4
3.38 (Simulation)
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Downlink Single User Throughput
9.6
9.657.6
28.8160
48
473.
6
89.638
4
346
1600
800
3360
1310
6720
3280
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Max DL Single UserThroughput [kbps]
Typical DL Single UserThroughput [kbps]
GSM CSD
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
WCDMA R99(Type 0 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 12(Type 0 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 6(Type 0/2 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 8(Type 1/3 Receiver)
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Downlink Cell Throughput with 10MHz Spectrum
374
27056
2
27078
0
468
2309
874
5380
2070
3200
2240
6720
3660
1344
0
8520
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Max DL CellThroughput [kbps]
Typical DL CellThroughput [kbps]
GSM CSD
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
WCDMA R99 (Type 0 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 12(Type 0 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 6 (Type 0/2 Receiver)
HSDPA Cat 8 (Type 1/3 Receiver)
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1.6
1.81
1.87
1.89
1.45
1.45
1.38
1.36
1.32
1.27
1.99
2.00
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Cat 3 TP (Mbps) Cat 5 TP (Mbps)
Application layer throughput depends on implementation as well as protocols involved. Assuming 100% scheduling, we can achieve:
Field application layer throughput using FTP
1. 3gpp Maxphy layer
2. UTRAN Maxphy layer
3. RLCthroughput
4. Consider 1%SBLER
5. RemoveTCP/IP headers
Maximum HSUPA Single User Throughput
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Measured HSUPA Single User Throughput (Cat 3)
Mobility Near Cell
Ec/No [dB] -6.6 -4.2
UE TX Power [dBm] -12.6 -2.7
L1 Data Rate [kbps] 992 1343
FTP Throughput [kbps] 892 1182
Average UL BLER [%] 4.1 1.9
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1300
500
1000
1500
2000
Elapsed Time [sec]
L1 D
ata
Rat
e [k
bps]
HSUPA L1 Data Rate
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
20
40
60
80
100
BLE
R [%
]
Elapsed Time [sec]
Average BLER (blue) and Residual BLER (red)
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1300
1
2
3
4
5
Res
idua
l BLE
R [%
]
BLER
Res BLER
0 5000 10000 150000
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
TBS [bits]
HSUPA Transport Block Size distribution
SG bitsTBS
Peak Throughput (1.45 Mbps with 2xSF4)
Mobility
Near Cell
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HSUPA Simulated Average Cell Throughput with 5MHz Spectrum
• RoT target of 7 to 8dB provides an average sector throughput of 700 to 800kbps in a uniformly-loaded system
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HSUPA Measured Cell Throughput with 5MHz Spectrum
Field test conditions:• 3 HSUPA test UEs doing big file
uploads• No other user traffic
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Agenda
• 3G capabilities and features
• 3G capacity on AMR voice and PS data
• 3G dimensioning on air interface and backhaul• Air-interface• Backhaul
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Network dimensioning questions (1 of 5)• How many 3G subscribers do you forecast?
• Determines the traffic capacity requirement
• How are these subscribers spread over the area?• and the geographical user density (traffic demand)
Phase
Total GSM subscriber count
Expected UMTS subscriber count
Scaling factor
1 2.5M 0.25 2 5.0M 0.50 3
10M 10.0M 1.00
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Network dimensioning questions (2 of 5)
• What services do you offer to subscribers?• Maps to different radio bearers and channels and determines the quality of
service requirements (per radio bearer)• Voice: AMR• Video Telephony: CS64• Internet access: PS (PS64/128/144/384/HSPA)• Ring-tone / video clip download: PS (PS64/128/144/384/HSPA)• Video streaming: PS streaming (interactive or streaming RAB)
• What quality of service do you expect? • What is the target service blocking probability for each service?
• For capacity planning• What is the acceptable performance target for each service?
• Maximum decoding error rate can be translated to Eb/Nt requirements in the link budget
• Linked to end-user experiences
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Network dimensioning questions (3 of 5)
• What is the expected service usage for an average subscriber? • Determines the average user traffic profile
Total PS traffic 150 kBytes@BH DL traffic 80% 120 kBytes@BH
UL traffic 20% 30 kBytes@BH
PS traffic distribution % DL [%] UL [%] DL volume [kbytes]
UL volume [kbytes]
PS64 30% 24% 6% 36 9 PS128 30% 24% 6% 36 9 PS384 30% 24% 6% 36 9 HSDPA 10% 8% 2% 12 3 total 120 30
Average User Profile PS data Voice Video Conferencing Terminal PDA Mobile Phone PDA
Busy hour traffic per User 120 kBytes (DL) 30 kBytes (UL) 20 mErl 1 mErl
Calls/hour 0.2 1 1 Duration (sec.) 90 30 DL Volume (kBytes) 480 UL Volume (kBytes) 120
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Network dimensioning questions (4 of 5)• How big is your network service area? Do you have different coverage
requirements for different services?• Determines the coverage requirements and also resource planning
• AMR should have 100% coverage over the intended 3G service area• CS64 may require 100% coverage over the intended 3G service area
depending on the operator’s marketing strategy (to differentiate 3G from 2G based on Video Telephony, etc.)
• PS should have 100% coverage over the intended 3G service area but high data rate may not be mandatory in some places, i.e., cell edge, network edge. Channel rate/type switching can be exploited to provide contiguous PS coverage at varying data rate.
• Indoor coverage may not be required in some remote areas.
• What equipment do you use?• Node B configuration, antenna system, cable connections, backhaul, etc.• Determines the main components in the link budget for coverage
dimensioning as well as capacity dimensioning.
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Network dimensioning questions (5 of 5)
• What are the appropriate propagation models for planning?• Path loss, coverage probability, slow fading, fast fading, soft handover gain,
building/vehicle penetration loss, etc.• Together with other information, we can determine the link budget and
therefore work out the cell radius
• How much spectrum do you plan to use?• Needs to work out the frequency plan for future expansion
• How many 5MHz frequency carriers can you deploy?• Start with 1 or 2 frequency carriers?• Do we need a separate frequency carrier for in-building systems?• Do we need a separate frequency carrier for HSDPA?• How do you handle traffic distribution on multiple frequency carriers?• Would you consider multi-band operation such as UMTS2100 and
UMTS900? Are multi-band UMTS devices commercially available?
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The approach to Network Dimensioning• Answering the questions listed in the previous few slides can help identify:
• Coverage requirements• Capacity requirements• Quality of Services requirements• Equipment features• Propagation models• Spectrum available
• Proper dimensioning would ensure:• Coverage > intended service area requirements• Traffic demand < min Capacity (Air-interface, Radio Access Network, Backhaul,
Core Network, Gateway, etc.)• Focus is typically on the Air-Interface because both coverage and capacity are
inter-related in WCDMA systems.• Other parts are typically slightly over-dimensioned so the bottleneck occurs at
the air-interface part to ensure efficient spectrum utilization
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End-to-End Capacity Dimensioning
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Spectrum Usage
• Shall we go for shared or dedicated frequency carrier for HSPA? • What are the requirements on (peak / average) single user throughput and
average sector throughput?• How much R99 traffic is loaded on the existing frequency carrier?• Dedicated frequency carrier allows all PA power reserved for HSDPA
maximizing the HS data rate and also less impact on R99 traffic
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HS-SCCH set
• HSDPA does not support soft handover, and therefore having multiple good serving cells will not help!
• UE still has an active set but receives HSDPA transmissions from only one cell (which should be the best serving cell)
• Optimized R99 system may not necessarily provide good HS performance even when HSDPA is deployed 1:1 with R99
• Pilot dominance is the key to satisfactory HSDPA performance
Importance of Pilot Dominance (1 of 2)
Cell B
Cell A
RNC
Iub R99 DPCHsHS-PDSCHs
“HS-DSCH serving cell”
HS-DPCCH
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Importance of Pilot Dominance (2 of 2)
• HSUPA supports soft handover, but it takes up additional network resources when there are multiple E-DCH cells in the E-DCH active set
3dTower.emf
Node B3dTower.emf
Node B
DATA
DATANAK
ACK
E-DCH cells part of the Active Set
• 3gpp specs require that HSUPA serving cell and HSDPA serving cell should be identical
• HSUPA E-DCH active set is a subset of the DPCH active set
• Single dominant pilot coverage reduces network resources usage, and unnecessary noise rise (and thus higher capacity)
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Power Amplifier Upgrade
• Shall we go for higher power class power amplifier? • Does increased PA power correspond to downlink capacity gain? How much
downlink capacity gain can we obtain?• If there is only single user in the system, the increased PA power can directly
improve the HS performance.• When every cell/sector is upgraded to higher power PA, the overall interference
level goes up in similar fashion depending on the traffic loading distribution
UE Type Neighbor Cell Load Average Application Throughput Gainfrom 20 W to 40 W
0% 6.3%
40% 7.4% Cat.12
100% 0.2%
0% 33.5%
40% 10.7% Cat.8
100% 0.3%
Significant gain in isolated cell (i.e. indoor)
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OVSF Code Usage
• 3GPP Rel. 6 introduces F-DPCH which allows multiple HSDPA UEs to share one DPCH which occupies less OVSF code tree space.
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HSDPA Link Budget Analysis
• HSDPA downlink budget specifies the peak cell edge data rate
• For Release 5 UEs, Release 99 uplink link budget employed to determine downlink path loss to cell edge
• Depends on limiting service in Release 99 design
• For Release 6 UEs, Release 6 HSUPA uplink link budget should be compared with Release 5 HSDPA downlink link budget to determine which is the limiting link (depending on the traffic assumptions)
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HSDPA Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Achieved Data Rate
• Data rate variation with Ec/Nt considers modulation, effective code rate, and encoder packet size
• Static channel conditions
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HSDPA Link Budget Example
UL Path Loss from UL WCDMA Network Design 118.4 dB a
Overhead Channels (C-PICH, P-CCPCH, S-CCPCH) 20% b
%Power allocated to HSDPA 100% 100% of remaining power (after deducting the overhead channels) c
Operating margin 1.3 dB SPER = 30% d
Interference factor Ioc/Îor at cell edge 1 dB e
Orthogonality Factor 60.00% f
BTS Antenna Gain 18.0 dBi g
BTS Cable losses 3.0 dB h
Body loss 0 dB i
BTS Tx Power (dBm) 43.0 dBm k
UE Noise Figure 8.0 dB l
UE Antenna Gain 0.0 dB m
Thermal noise density -173.8 dBm/Hz n
Total HS Ec/Ior -1.0 dB 10*LOG((1-b)*c) o
HS-SCCH Ec/Ior -11.0 dB p
number of HS-SCCH 1 q
Available HS-DPSCH Ec/Ior -1.4 dB 10*LOG((10^((k+o)/10)*0.001-10^((k+p)/10)*0.001*q)/0.001)-k r
Max. Ec/Nt @ cell edge -2.8 dB (k+r-a)-(10*LOG(10^(((k+e-a))/10)+10^((n+10*LOG(3840000)+l)/10)+(1-f)*10^((((10*LOG(((10^(k/10)*0.001))*(1-10^(r/10))/0.001)))-a)/10))) s
Max PHY data-rate(kbps) @ cell edge 900 Look-up of achievable rate and Ec/Nt mapping table
Max MAC data-rate(kbps) @ cell edge 630 User throughput taking into account the re-transmission rate (SPER 30%)
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• For HSUPA, given its unique coding structure and its high peak rates, several factors need special attention:
• Required Eb/Nt
• Rise-over-Thermal (ROT) target
• Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAR) and Maximum-Power-Reduction (MPR)
HSUPA Link Budget
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HSUPA – 990 kbps HSUPA – 60 kbps comments
A UE Maximum Transmit Power 21 dBm 21 dBm Class 4 UE
B Maximum Power Reduction, MPR 0.5 dB 2.5 dB input
C Mobile EIRP 20.5 dBm 18.5 dBm =A-B
D thermal noise density=kT -174.0 dBm/Hz -174.0 dBm/Hz
E Information rate 60.0 dB-Hz 47.8 dB-Hz =10*log10(Rate)
F Receiver Noise Figure 5.0 dB 5.0 dB Input
H Target Loading 80% 80% Input
I Target Rise over Thermal 7.0 dB 7.0 dB =-10*log10(1-H)
J Adjustment Factor 3.5 dB 0.2 dB Input
K Required Eb/Nt 6.8 dB 4.10 dB Input
L Node B Rx Sensitivity -98.7 dBm -110.2 dBm =D+E+F+I+K-J
M Rx Antenna Gain - Cable losses 14.0 dB 14.0 dB input
Q Σ Propagation components -26.2 dB -26.2 dB = O+P+BodyLoss+PenetrationLoss
N1 Cell Edge Confidence 90% N/A 90% N/A Input
N2 Standard Deviation 8.0 dB 8.0 dB Input
O Log normal fading margin -10.3 dB -10.3 dB =norminv(N1,0,N2)
P Handover gain 4.1 dB 4.1 dB =sqrt(norminv(N1,0,N2)-norminv(1-sqrt(1-N1),0,N2))*1.6-(8-N2)/10
R Maximum Allowable Path Loss 107.0 dB 116.5 dB =C-L+M+Q
HSUPA Link Budget Example
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Dimensioning for UMTS Traffic
• Erlang B dimensioning is highly applicable to circuit switched single service applications.
• UMTS offers multiple, coexistent circuit, and packet switched services.
• Concurrent circuit switched data can be modeled using Erlang B by linear interpolation.
•
•
• (GoS=2%)
Supported CS64 and AMR Users
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70# of AMR Subs
# of
CS6
4 Su
bs
PS_0kbps
Multi-RAB Erlang Mix
0
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50AMR Erlangs
CS6
4 Er
lang
s
PS_0kbps Operating Points
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Release 99 Multi-Service Dimensioning
Supported AMR and CS64 Erlangs for different Release 99 PS loading.Multi-RAB Erlang Mix
0
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30AMR Erlangs
CS6
4 Er
lang
s
PS_0kbps PS_100kbps PS_200kbps PS_300kbps PS_400kbps PS_500kbps
PS_600kbps PS_700kbps PS_800kbps PS_900kbps
Cell Capability Max # of Subs GOS Max Erl SupportedAMR 60 2.0% 49.6CS64 6 2.0% 2.3
PS 800 kbps per-cell max
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Backhaul Transmission Options
• Backhaul transmission can use different connectivity options:• E1: 2.048 Mbps with 32 time slots of 64kbps
• Leased lines, microwave links, satellites
• T1: 1.544 Mbps with 24 time slots of 64kbps• Leased lines, microwave links, satellites
• IP-based transport: flexible bandwidth• Metro-Ethernet, WiMax, xDSL, and cable technologies
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E1/T1 or IP transport?
• Deciding between E1/T1 or IP transport method:• E1/T1 can provide stable timing signals from primary reference source (PRS) to
calibrate the Node B’s internal oscillators, but the backhaul capacity can only be expanded in steps of 2Mbps (for E1) or 1.5 Mbps (for T1)
• IP transport allows statistical multiplexing and sharing resulting in higher efficiency and scalability. High capacity can be provided more cost efficiently through different mediums such as Ethernet (10/100/1000/10000 Mbps). However, synchronization may become an issue: High-quality embedded clock or GPS-based receiver or at least a single E1/T1 or alternative timing (i.e., synchronous Ethernet or Pseudowire) may be needed at each Node B.
• GSM and UMTS requires synchronization clock frequency accuracy of ±50 parts per billion (ppb) over the 10-year service life of the equipment; otherwise, handover performance may degrade.
• Pricing between the two options can vary in different countries depending on the availability of existing infrastructure.
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Backhaul Dimensioning (1 of 3)
• Backhaul dimensioning should take into considerations:• Maximum bandwidth requirement, i.e., during Busy Hour• Average bandwidth requirement• Statistical distribution of bandwidth requirement• Iub flow control and RNC buffer• Means of backhaul transport available and the bandwidth that can be offered• Minimum HS data rate per user and maximum # of HS users per cell
• Bandwidth information can be obtained by:• Traffic modeling in network planning tool• Extrapolation based on current 2 and/or 2.5G systems• Market research studies
• Backhaul transport options should be consulted with infrastructure vendors regarding specific design.
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• Backhaul bandwidth calculation should consider:• Desired carried traffic volume on DCH• Soft handover factor• System common control channels: PCH, RACH, FACH, BCH • Signaling overheads
Backhaul Dimensioning (2 of 3)
Control Channels
User Traffic Channels (considering SHO)
Signaling Overheads
Backhaul
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Backhaul Dimensioning (3 of 3)
• Things to monitor for backhaul expansion:• Backhaul utilization
• Getting close to max limit of the existing links?• Note that the effective data payload throughput is lower than the quoted link
data rate (< 2Mbps for each E1 and < 1.5Mbps for each T1)• For example, E1 typically uses 2 time slots for framing, alarm, signaling, and
there are other overheads for common channels and BSC synchronization, NBAP and ATM signaling
• Node B Scheduling %• Node B scheduling drops well below 90%?• Node B running out of data from RNC?
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ATM-based Backhaul Illustration
Backhauli.e., E1/T1
Virtual Path
Virtual Channel
On-DemandAAL2 Logical Link Connections (LLC)i.e., Radio Access Bearers
NBAP & ALCAPusing AAL5
Timing and Syncusing AAL0
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Iub Overheads
• Iub overheads need to be estimated for backhaul dimensioning• Node B timing and synchronization • Node B element management signaling• NBAP signaling• Common control channels• ALCAP signaling for setting up transport bearers• RRC+ NAS signaling • Frame Protocol (FP) overheads• ATM/AAL2 multiplexing overheads• RLC AM retransmissions • Flow control signaling overheads between RNC and Node B
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Link-level simulator or planning tool
Iub Dimensioning Algorithm
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Q u a l c o m m C O N F I D E N T I A L A N D P R O P R I E T A R Y
• Traffic volume• Amount of AMR, CS, R99 PS, and HS traffic
• Call traffic pattern• # of call setups, paging (Idle -> Cell_DCH)• # of RRC state transitions (Cell_DCH <-> Cell_FACH / Cell_PCH / URA_PCH)
• User mobility• Handover activity (# of Active Set Updates)• HS serving cell changes (# of physical layer reconfigurations)• RNC boundaries (Inter-RNC cell reselection/handovers result in additional
overheads such as location area update, SRNC and DRNC arrangements, etc.)
• Equipment capability• # of cells / Node Bs supported per RNC• # of physical ports• Rack configuration• ATM or IP based• + others …
Factors for Core Network Dimensioning
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• Traffic volume• Increase loading on PS domain (SGSN, GGSN, etc.)
• Call traffic pattern• Different call traffic behavior with HS users• More data users will result in more RRC state transitions (Cell_DCH <->
Cell_FACH / Cell_PCH / URA_PCH)• User mobility
• Handover/ASU per user stays the same• # of reconfigurations increases because of HS cell changes • Inter-RNC HS cell changes may not be supported, but if supported, SRNC and
DRNC arrangements would cause significant overheads (on Iur) without SRNS relocation
• There may be more inter-RNC activity due to additional cell loading from HS traffic which results in smaller RNC area
• Equipment capability• # of cells will increase if dedicated carrier is used for HS traffic• Higher PS data traffic requires more core network bandwidth probably taking more
physical ports
Core Network Dimensioning with HSPA
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Agenda
3G capabilities and features
3G capacity on AMR voice and PS data
3G dimensioning on air interface and backhaul
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Conclusions
• WCDMA provides a great set of features and capabilities for delivering rich multimedia and advanced services to customers
• WCDMA provides great capacity benefits compared to 2G and 2.5G technologies, especially with the advanced receivers in latest chipsets
• WCDMA dimensioning requires good understanding of the 3G CDMA technology concepts and product specifications
• Network dimensioning should take into consideration the entire data path not only just the air-interface part but also the backhaul and the core network