3DP Present Rice Production MAS

7/27/2019 3DP Present Rice Production MAS

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Present Rice Production Situation

and Future Potential in Myanmar

Ye Tint Tun

Dy. General Manager

MyanmaAgriculture Service



Myanmar Economy and Agriculture

•Agriculture is main economic sector in

Myanmar.

•The agricultural sector contributes 33.8

% of the nation’s GDP (2008-09constant producers’ prices)

•The country’s export value in 2008-09

p.a was 37028 million Kyats of which

agriculture commodities shared 15.53%



Land Utilization in Myanmar

(2009-2010)Area

(mil. ha) %

Net sown area 11.98 17.71

Fallow land 0.24 0.35

Culturablewaste land 5.61 8.29

Reserved forest 16.90 24.98

Other forests 16.25 24.02

Other 16.68 24.65

Total 67.66 100.00



Rice production in Myanmar



Rice sufficiency and surplus

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

1987-88 1988-89 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010

Y i e l d ( t / h a )

P r o d u c t i o n ( m i l . t o n s )

Years

Production

Yield

Year Seed Loss ConsumptionUtilization

Total

surplusRice(mil.

ton)

Sufficiency %

1987-88 0.48 0.72 11.48 12.68 0.46 108

1988-89 0.49 0.74 11.70 12.93 0.11 102

2006-07 0.84 1.26 16.60 18.70 5.86 165

2007-08 0.83 1.25 16.89 18.98 5.98 166

2008-09 0.83 1.25 17.15 19.23 6.39 169

2009-2010 0.83 1.25 17.37 19.45 6.34 168



Major Rice Producer in the World (2008)

Source: Selected indicators, FAO RAP Pub., 2010/ 12

CountryHarvested Area Yield Production

(Mil.ha) Rank (Mt/ Ha) Rank (Mil.ton) Rank

China 29 2 6.56 1 193 1

India 44 1 3.37 6 148 2

Indonesia 12 3 4.89 3 60 3

Bangladesh 12 4 3.99 4 47 4

Viet Nam 7 7 5.22 2 39 5 Thailand 11 5 2.96 7 32 6

Myanmar 8 6 3.72 5 30 7

Egypt 9.84 Mt/ Ha, Australia 8.38 Mt/ Ha, USA 7.78 Mt/ Ha



Per Capita Consumption of Milled Rice in SelectedCountries

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 4

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 4

WORLD+ ASIA+ Myanmar China India



Basic Concepts for Improving

Agricultural Productivity1. Use of quality seeds

2. Application of modern production technologies

3. Proper utilization of agricultural inputs (irrigationwater, organic and inorganic fertilizers)

4. Reduction of losses (seeds, inputs and post-harvest

losses)

5. Secure market for generating increased income



Varieties Change

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

S o w n a r e a ( t h o u s n a d

h a )

HYVs

Hybrid varieties

Local varieties

• High yielding varieties– Yield level of 4 – 5 t/ ha

• Hybrid varieties– Yield level of 10-15t/ha

• Local varieties– Yield level of 2-3 t/ ha

This is the right time to change varieties from localvarieties to HYVs and Hybrid varieties.



Infrastructural development

• Technical development•Crop management ( Seed, inputs, IPM, postharvest….)

•Water management

• Physical development•Access farm road

•Harvesters

•Dryer•Storage

•Milling



Seed Industry Development

• Improvement of seed distribution system

• Production of seed• HYVs – Breeder, Foundation, Register and Certified

• Hybrid – A, B, R lines and F1 seed production

• Seed Certification



SEED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

[SEED FLOW]IN MYANMAR



Seed class Responsible Organizations

Breeder Seed Department of AgriculturalResearch (DAR)

Foundation Seed DAR +DAR +MyanmaMyanmaAgriculture Service (MAS)Agriculture Service (MAS)[[Seed Division]Seed Division]

Registered Seed MyanmaMyanmaAgricultureAgriculture

Service (MAS)Service (MAS) [[SeedSeed

Division]Division]

Certified Seed MyanmaMyanmaAgricultureAgriculture

Service (MAS)Service (MAS) [[ExtensionExtension

Division] + Contact farmersDivision] + Contact farmers

Seed Flow



Breeder Seed

Foundation Seed

Registered Seed

Certified Seed

Department of

Agricultural Research

Myanma Agricultural

Service

Contact farmers Rice Specialized

Private Co.,

Farmers

Future Seed Industry Development

[Private- Public-Partnership]



Certified Seed production

Constraints Ways out

Farmers’awareness on seedutilization

Accessibility, precedent, Market,seed producer

Training, media, marketguarantee, demonstration,producer incentives

Storage facility Small warehouse for own use (roundbamboo basket for storing paddy)

Village seed bank

farmers groups

Input Limitation Fertilizers, pesticides, labour,threshers, harvesters, Rouging costfor purity,

Subsidy, loan or micro-finance, education, knowledgesharing

Infrastructure water management, farm road, landreforming, dryers, processing

Land policy, formation of farmers groups

Seed certification Field and lab inspection Produce trained inspectors

CONSTRAINTS ON SEED MULTIPLICATIONIN MYANMAR



BS/FS/RS production in governmental farms

Constraints Ways out

Infrastructure water management, farm road, landleveling, dryers, processing

Budgets,

Seed testing Skillful staffs, equipment, weakness of fieldinspection

Trainings (local/foreign), upgradinglab equipments, inspectionmethods

Processing plants Electricity, skillful labours, spare parts Training, supporting, establishsmall scale plant

Collaborationsystem

Separate departments, precedent, oversupervision,

Meetings, discussions, seminar,knowledge sharing etc.

Jobs efficiency Producing several rice varieties Variety selection adaptable fordifferent agro-ecological condition

CONSTRAINTS ON SEED MULTIPLICATIONIN MYANMAR



Varietal development

Varietal development is the foundation of any seed supply

programme. Constraints to varietal development in Myanmar can

be summarized as follows.

(1) Shortage of varieties that are adaptable to different

agroecological conditions

(2) Varietal evaluation procedures commonly used in Myanmar limit

the release of superior varieties(3) Limited resources for variety development research

(4) Fewer personnel trained in plant breeding

(5) Weakness to properly maintain varieties after they are released



Future Potential



Agro-ecosystem % of total sown area• Favorable rice ecosystem 68%

• Irrigated lowland 20

• Rain-fed lowland 48• Unfavorable rice ecosystem 32%

• Deepwater 5• Submerge 9• Salt-affected 3• Upland 3• Drought-prone 12

• Total rice sown areas 8.06 mha.

Rice Ecosystem and Area Distribution %(2009-2010)



Drought Tolerant varieties

Research activities for Climate Change



Deepwater/Submerged varieties




Saline tolerant varieties




Upland rice varieties




• Yield promotion of High Yielding Varieties• Varietal adaptation for different agro-ecological zonings

• Farmers, dealers and consumers participatory approach

• Farmers’ awareness of seed

• Effective utilization of improved crop management

Variety change



Variety change• Hybrid variety



26

Hybrid rice field in the Humum village, Lashio

townsip, Northern Shan state



27

F 1F 1

Hybrid rice field at Nay Pyi Taw

hybridhybrid



Hybrid rice field of leading private rice farmsin Yangon Region

Yield – 7.5 – 13.0 t/ha



Requirement for Variety change

• Emergence of Seed Production Companies• Sharing technical Know-how among stakeholders

• Strictly follow existing Seed law and Plant variety

protection procedures

e.g. C.P company for Maize seed production

East-west co./ Known-you-seed co. for vegetable

seed production

Enhance

Private-Public- Partnership



Developing infrastructure

as community basis• Access farm road

• Farm level water management

• Land preparation (tractor,seeder, etc.,)

• Harvesters

• Dryers• Storage

• Market

Farmers’ group

More productivity

Good quality

Good prices

Enhance

Private-Public- Partnership



Conclusion• Area expansion for rice fields may need high

investment and thus emphasis will be placed more onincreasing yield per unit area through using Hybrid andHigh-Yielding varieties.

• It has greater potential for area expansion of Hybridrice varieties to assure food security and earn betterincome than local and HYVs.

• Myanmar still has potential to boost rice production upto double from existing yield level in terms of quantity.

• Quality improvement could further be enhancedthrough Private Public Partnership in the near future.

3DP Present Rice Production MAS

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